出租车计价器系统设计中英文对照版

Machi ne tool nu merical con trol reforms

机床数控改造

First, CNC systems and the developme nt trend of history

一、数控系统发展简史及趋势

1946 birth of the world's first electronic computer, which shows that human beings created to enhance and replace some of the men tal work tools. It and huma n agriculture, in dustrial society in the creati on of those who merely in crease compared to manual tools, from a qualitative leap for mankind's entry into the information society laid the foun datio n. Six years later, i n 1952, computer tech no logy applied to the machine in the United States was born first CNC machine tools. Since then, the traditional machine produced a qualitative change. Nearly half a century since the CNC system has experie need two phases and six gen erati ons of developme nt.

1946年诞生了世界上第一台电子计算机，这表明人类创造了可增强和部分代替脑力劳动的工具。它与人类在农业、工业社会中创造的那些只是增强体力劳动的工具相比，起了质的飞跃，为人类进入信息社会奠定了基础。6年后，即在1952年，计算机技术应用到了机床上，在美国诞生了第一台数控机床。从此，传统机床产生了质的变化。近半个世纪以来，数控系统经历了两个阶段和六代的发展。

1.1, Numerical Control (NC) phase (1952 to 1970)

1.1、数控(NC)阶段(1952〜1970年)

Early computer's computational speed low and the prevailing scientific computi ng and data process ing is not affected, but can not meet the requireme nts of real-time con trol machi ne. People have to use digital logic circuit "tied" into a sin gle mach ine as a dedicated computer nu merical con trol system, known as the hardware conn ection NC (HARD-WIRED NC), called the Numerical Control (NC). With the developme nt of comp onents of this phase after three gen eratio ns, that is, in 1952 the first gen erati on - tube; 1959 of the sec ond gen eratio n - tran sistor; 1965 of the third generation - small-scale integrated circuits.

早期计算机的运算速度低，对当时的科学计算和数据处理影响还不大，但不能适应机床实时控制的要求。人们不得不采用数字逻辑电路"搭"成一台机床专用计算机作为

数控系统，被称为硬件连接数控(HARD-WIRED NC )，简称为数控

(NC)。随着元器件的发展，这个阶段历经了三代，即1952年的第一代--电子管；1959年的第二代--晶体管；1965年的第三代--小规模集成电路。

1.2, Computer Numerical Control (CNC) phase (1970 to present)

1.2、计算机数控(CNC)阶段(1970年〜现在)

To 1970, GM has bee n a small computer and mass-produced.So it tran spla nt system as the core component of NC, have entered a Computer Numerical Control (CNC) stage (in front of the computer should be "uni versal" word omitted). To 1971, the United States INTEL company in the world will be the first time the two most core computer comp onents - comput ing and con troller, a large-scale in tegrated circuit techn ology in tegrati on in a chip, called the microprocessor (MICROPROCESSOR), also known as the cen tral process ing un it (CPU).

到1970年，通用小型计算机业已出现并成批生产。于是将它移植过来作为数控系统的核心部件，从此进入了计算机数控(CNC)阶段(把计算机前面应有的"通用"两个字省略了)。到1971年，美国INTEL公司在世界上第一次将计算机的两个最核心的部件--运算器和控制器，采用大规模集成电路技术集成在一块芯片上，称之为微处理器(MICROPROCESSOR),又可称为中央处理单元(简称CPU)。

1974 microprocessor to be used in CNC system. This is because the function of the computer is too small to control a machine tool capacity affluent (the time has bee n used to con trol more tha n one mach ine, called Group Con trol), as a reas on able econo mic use of the microprocessor. Mini computer reliability and the n not ideal. Early microprocessor speed and fun cti on ality while still not high eno ugh, but can be adopted to solve the multi-processor architecture. As microprocessor core is a general computer comp onen ts, it is still known as the CNC.

到1974年微处理器被应用于数控系统。这是因为小型计算机功能太强，控制一台机床能力有富裕(故当时曾用于控制多台机床，称之为群控) ，不如采用

微处理器经济合理。而且当时的小型机可靠性也不理想。早期的微处理器速度和

功能虽还不够高，但可以通过多处理器结构来解决。由于微处理器是通用计算机的核心部件，故仍称为计算机数控。