计算机专业英语：第2章
计算机专业英语第三版教学课件Unit2Software
Michael: I have checked the information. It is no problem to install it on the Windows 10.
迈克尔：我已经查看了相关信息。在Windows 10中安装没有问题。
Unit 2
Lesson 14
迈克尔正向技术支持部门的玛丽询问如何安装声卡。
Mary: Hello, Technical Support Department, what can I do for you?
玛丽：您好，技术支持中心，我能为您做些什么？
Michael: Hello, I want to replace the sound card with a new one. But I do not know how to operate in Windows 10 after I plug the card.
2. _O_p_e_r_a_ti_n_g__s_y_st_e_m__k_e_e_p__s_t_ra_c_k__o_f_f_il_e_s_a_n_d__d_i_re_c_to_r_ie_s on the disk.
3. _O_p_e_r_a_ti_n_g__s_y_st_e_m__c_o_n_tr_o_ls_p_e_r_ip_h_e_ra_l_d_e_v_ic_e_s_s_uc_h__as__di_s_k drives and printers.
Unit 2 Software
Lesson 1 Operating Systems Lesson 2 Office Software Lesson 3 Multimedia and Multimedia Software Lesson 4 Using Email Client Software
计算机英语第2章
本章要点
What is Software? Words and Expressions How To Do: Cleaning the Keyboard How To Work: Channels Grammar Focus：冠词、数词、连词及介词 ：冠词、数词、 Text in Chinese：系统软件 ： Reading Selection: Software 构词法（ 构词法（Ⅱ） Practical Writing：留言便条和预约便条 ：
What is Software?
Notes: 1．“Programs give step-by-step instructions for the computer hardware to function properly, and also, programs tell the computer how to process data into the form the user requires.” 这个句子由两个主语都是programs的并列分句组成。第一个分句中for the computer to function properly动词不定式短语作give instructions的目的状语， 提供指令的目的是让计算机硬件能够正常工作。 2．The operating system is very important for the computer system in that it supports application software to interact with computer hardware and to perform specific tasks.” 本句中in that 意为：因为、在于，引导原因状语从句。 Exercises: Ⅰ．Choose the best answer to each question with the information from the passage. 1．Which expression is true about software？ A．Software is in fact programs that tell the computer what tasks to do and how to do them.
计算机专业英语Unit 2 Hardware
A Brief Introduction to the Computeining target:
In this part, our target is to train your reading comprehension. We have made the flexible sentences strong black and marked the subject, predicate and have object of them. Try to grasp the main idea of these sentences.
flexible adj. 灵活的 peripheral n. 外围设备 scanner n. 扫描机 pointing device 定点设备 microphone n. 麦克风 PC camera 摄像头 digital camera 数码相机 joystick n. 游戏杆 graphics tablet 图形写字板 light pen 光笔
主语、谓语、宾 语
A Brief Introduction to the Computer
A computer is just a machine, but a computer system consists of two main elements: the machine and programs. Like a person, a computer system is composed of two parts: the bone—hardware and the soul—software. The central idea of a computing system is that input is processed into output. Input is the data which is entered into the computer, and output is the result of processing done by the computer, usually printed out or displayed on the screen. Let us get closer to the computer from the basic components. When talking about computers, such image as Pic 2.1 will appear in our mind: a display screen known as the basic output device, a keyboard usually together with a mouse as the basic input device, and a cabinet known as a machine box.
计算机专业英语名词翻译
第一章（计算机系统概论）digital computer 数字计算机decimal digits 十进制数字binary 二进制bit 位ASCII 美国国家信息交换标准代码computer system 计算机系统hardware system 硬件系统software system 软件系统I/O devices 输入输出设备central processing unit(CPU) 中央处理器memory 存储器application software 应用软件video game 计算机游戏system software 系统软件register 寄存器floating point data浮点数据Boolean布尔值character data字符数据EBCDIC扩充的二十一进制交换代码punched cards穿孔卡片magnetic tape磁带main memory主存vacuum tubes电子管magnetic drum磁鼓transistors晶体管solid-state devices固体器件magnetic cores磁芯integrated circuit（IC）集成电路silicon chip硅芯片multiprogramming多道程序设计timessharing分时分时技术minicomputers小型计算机mainframe大型计算机large-scaleintegrated(LSI)大规模集成very-large-scale integrated(VLSI)超大规模集成word processing文字处理eletronic spreedsheets电子表格database management programs数据库管理程序desktop publishing桌面印刷personalcomputer(PC)个人计算机microcomputer微型计算机storage capacities存储容量stand-alone computer独立计算机local area network(LAN)局域网peripheral devices外部设备assembly line流水线supercomputer巨型计算机第二章（计算机系统结构）memmory subsystem存储子系统I/O subsystem输入输出子系统bus总线system bus系统总线chip 芯片address bus地址总线instructions指令memory location存储单元data bus数据总线control bus控制总线local bus 局部总线microprocessor微处理器register set寄存器组arithmetic logic unit(ALU)运算器clock cycle时钟周期control unit控制器computer architecture计算机体系结构introduction format指令格式addressing modes寻址方式introduction set指令集internal memory内存main memory主存Random Access Memory(RAM)随机存取存储器Read Only Memory (ROM)只读存储器secondary storage副主存储器vitual memory虚拟存储器Dynamic RAM(DRAM)动态存储器refresh circuitry刷新电路Static RAM(SRAM)静态RAMcache memory高速缓冲存储器masked ROM掩膜ROMPROM可编程RAMEPROM可擦写PROMultraviolet light紫外线EEPROM or EEPROM电擦写PROMbasic input/output system(BIOS)基本输入输出系统flash EEPROM 快闪存储器memory hierarchy 存储器体系结构auxiliary memory 辅助存储器storage memory 存储容量keyboard 键盘alphanumeric key字母数字键function key 功能键cursor key 光标键numeric keypad 数字键mouse 鼠标touch screen触屏infrared ray红外线monitor 监视器display screen显示屏laser printer激光打印机ink-jet printer喷墨打印机dot-matrix printer点针式打印机modem调制解调器input-output interface(I/O interface)输入输出接口peripheral外部设备，外设interrupt中断program counter程序计数器vectored interrupt向量中断nonvectored interrupt非向量中断interrupt vector中断向量Direct Memory Acess(DMA)直接存储器存取timeout超时第三单元（计算机体系结构）parallel processing 并行操作serial operations 串行操作instructions stream 指令流data dream 数据流SISD 单指令单数据流SIMD 单指令多数据流MISD 多指令单数据流MIMD 多指令多数据流pipeline processing 流水线处理combinational circuit 组合电路multiplier 乘法器adder 加法器clock pulse 时钟脉冲vector processing 向量处理one-dimensional array 一维数组scalar processer 标量处理器vector instructions 向量指令CISC 复杂指令集计算机decoder 译码器RISC 精简指令集计算机backward compatibility 向下兼容第四单元（算法与数据结构）algorithm 算法parallel algotithm 并行算法primitive 原语syntax 语法semantics 语义pseudocode 伪码exhaustive search 穷举搜索divide-and-conquer algorithm 分治算法dynamic programming 动态规划bottom-up 自上而下top-down 自下而上array 数组one-dimensional array 一维数组pointer 指针program counter 程序计数器instruction pointer 指令指针list 列表linked list 链表singly-linked list 单向链表double-linked list 双向链表circularly-linked list 循环链表FIFO 先进先出LIFO 后进先出stack 栈push 压栈pop 出栈stack pointer 栈指针queue 队列tree 树root 根level 层次degree of a node 结点的度depth of a tree树的深度binary tree 二叉树traversal 遍历M-way search tree M向搜索树第五章（编程语言）Program 程序Program language 程序设计语言Software engineering 软件工程Pseudocode 伪码Flowchart 流程图Coding 编码Program testing 程序测试Desk-checking 手工检查Documentation 文档User documentation 用户文档Operator documentation 操作员文档Programmer documentation 程序员文档Machine language 机器语言Assembly languages 汇编语言High-level languages 高级语言RAD(rapid application development) 快速应用开发Natural language 自然语言Artificial intelligence(AI) 人工智能Compile 编译Assemble 汇编Source code 源代码Object code 目标代码Linker 连接器Executable file 可执行文件Object-oriented programming 面向对象的程序设计Object 对象Class 类ADT（abstract data type）抽象数据类型Member variable 成员变量Class variable 类变量Member function 成员函数Inheritance 继承Derived class 派生类Overload 超载Message 消息Static binding 静态绑定Dynamic binding 动态绑定Polymorphism 多态性Visual programming 可视化编程Markup language 标记语言HTML（hyper text markup language）超文本标记语言Hyperlink 超链接XML(extensible markup language) 可扩展标记语言Java virtual machine java虚拟机第六章（操作系统）Application software 应用软件System software 系统软件Utility software 实用软件Operating system（OS）操作系统Shell 操作系统的外壳程序Graphical user interface（GUI）图形用户界面Kernel 内核Serial processing 串行处理Job 作业Batch processing 批处理Simple batch systems 简单批处理系统Multiprogrammed batch systems 多道程序批处理系统Monitor 监控程序Scheduler 调度程序Multiprogramming 多道程序Multitasking 多任务Time-sharing systems 分时系统Uniprogramming 单道进程Process 进程Process management 进程管理Process control block 进程控制块Mutual exclusion 互斥Multiprocessing 多处理，多进程Distributed processing 分布式管理Concurrent processes 并发处理Deadlock 死锁Synchronize process同步处理Semaphore 信号量Reusable resource 可复用性资源I/O buffers 输入/输出缓冲区I/O channel 输入/输出通道Deadlock prevention 死锁预防Deadlock detection 死锁检测Deadlock avoidance 死锁避免Virtual memory 虚拟内存Logical reference 逻辑引用Real addresse 实地址Paging 分页Segmentation 分段Virtual address 虚拟地址Physical addresses 物理地址Real-time process 实时处理File management 文件管理Plug and play(PnP) 即插即用第七单元(应用软件)application software 应用软件word processing 字处理软件spreadsheet 电子表格personal finance 个人理财presentation graphic 演示图形database manager 数据库管理软件groupware 群件desktop accessory 桌面辅助工具browsers 浏览区desktop publishing 桌面印刷project management 项目管理CAD 计算机辅助设计CAM 计算机辅助制造multimedia authoring 多媒体发布animation 动画MIDI 乐器数字化接口speech synthesis 语音合成insertion point 插入点scroll bar 滚动条window 窗口menu bar 菜单栏pull-down menu 下拉式菜单Button 按钮toolbar 工具条dialog box 对话框default value 缺省值（默认值）macro 宏OLE 对象链接和嵌入clipboard 剪切板column 列row 行cell 单元格cell address 单元格地址cell pointer 单元格指针formula 公式function 函数bar chart 柱形图line chart 线图pie chart 圆饼图workflow software 工作流软件PIM 个人信息管理软件Web browser 浏览器World Wide Web 万维网home page 主页第八单元（数据库）DBMS 数据库管理系统instance 实例schema 模式physical schema 物理模式存储模式内模式logical schema 逻辑模式概念模式模式subschema 子模式外模式data independence 数据独立性physical data independence 物理数据独立性logical data independence 逻辑数据独立性data model 数据模型entity-relationship model 实体联系模型object-oriented model 面向对象模型semantic data model 语义数据类型functional data model 功能数据模型entity 实体entity set 实体集mapping cardinality 映射基数abstract data type 抽象数据类型attribute 属性relation 关系tuple 元组primary key 主键super key 超健candidate key 候选键foreign key 外键DDL 数据定义语言data dictionary 数据字典DML 数据操纵语言procedure DML 过程化DML nonprocedure DML 非过程化DMLSQL 结构化查询语言view 视图the relational algebra 关系代数the tuple relational calculus 元组关系演算atomicity 原子性consistency 一致性duration 持久性transaction 事物DBA 数据库管理员。
计算机专业英语 第二章
标点符号
Seven-and Eight-Bit Codes
排列
With 7 bits , it’s possible to provide 128 变化， different arrangements; With 8 bits , 256 变种 variations are possible. They are sufficient number to code 小写字母 lower-case-letters (26) , and a large number of other characters (28) .
Registers
跟踪
全部的， 全面的
A register is a storage location inside the processor . Register in the control unit are used to keep track of the overall status of the program that is running . Control unit registers store information such as the current instruction .
2-2 WHAT IS A PROCESSOR
2-2
什么是处理器
Notes:
Instruction set 指令系统 Processor 处理器 Operation 操作 Operand 操作码 Clock 时钟 Megahertz(MHz) 兆赫 Word size 字长
Seven-and Eight-Bit Codes
The 7-bit American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) is widely used in data communications work and is by far the most popular code used to represent data internally in personal computers . by far 修饰比较级、最高级，强调数量、程度 等，意为“……得多，最……”。
计算机专业英语Unit 2 Basic Knowledge of Computer
Logo
Switch Evolution
❖A switch was a vacuum tube, about the size of a human thumb. In the 1950's the transistor was invented. It allowed a switch to be the size of a human finger nail.
number.
Logo
KB,MB,GB and TB
❖Computer manufacturers express the capacity of memory and storage in terms of the number of bytes it can hold.
❖Kilo represents 2 to the tenth power, or 1024. Kilobyte is abbreviated KB, or simply K.
monitor / 'mɑnɪtər / grid/ grɪd / frame / freɪm / pixel/ ˈpɪksl / grayscale / 'ɡreɪ.skeɪl/ binary coding system integrated circuit binary digit
显示器，屏幕 栅栏 帧 像素（显示器或电视机图像的） 灰度，灰度等级 二进制编码系统 集成电路 二进制位，二进制位数字
Logo
Pixel Representation
❖In simple graphics (those without many colors), a byte can represent a single pixel.
计算机专业英语(2)
Computer HardwareContentsz Careers in ITz TEXT A The Organization of Computer System Unit z TEXT B Input and Output z Writing Training z Translation Tips zLegendary Stories in ITTASK I Careers in ITCareers: Computer TechnicianComputer technicians repair and install computer components. They may work on everything from personal computers and mainframe servers to printers. Some computer technicians are responsible for setting up and maintaining computer networks. Experienced computer technicians may work with computer engineers to diagnose problems and run routine maintenance on complex systems. Job growth is expected in this field as computer equipment becomes more complicated and technology expands.Employers look for those with certification in computer repair or associate degrees from vocational schools. Employment usually begins with training, but most employers expect applicants to have prior technical experience. Computer technicians also can expect to continue their education to keep up with technological changes. Good communication skills are important in this field. Dialogue: Practice with Your PartnerTom: Hi, Jerry. You look so upset. What’s up?Jerry:I think computers are supposed to make our lives more convenient. But it seems like I spend half my time waiting for it to do something.Unit 2计算机专业英语·18·Tom:Why is it so slow? How much RAM do you have? Jerry:I think I have 128 Megs.Tom:That’s your problem.If you want Windows 7 to run smoothly, you need at least 256 Megs. Jerry:I have 512 Megs now. and most things work better, but I can't get my mouse to work properly. First it moves and then, all of a sudden, it jerks all the way across the screen. What can I do?Tom:Here, let me see. You should open the mouse and take out the ball.Do you see these contacts here?Jerry:Yes, they look pretty dirty.Tom: That's right. Let me clean those for you, and you'll be back to normal in no time. Jerry: Wow, you are so professional.Thank you. Tom:It’s my pleasure.TASK II TEXT AThe Organization of Computer System UnitFigure 2.1 The Organization of Computer Componentssequentially[si5kwZnFEli ] adj . 从而，循序地readily[5redili ] adv . 容易地，乐意地component[kEm5pEunEnt ] n . 部件，组件 A computer is a programmable machine designed to sequentially and automatically carry out a sequence of arithmetic or logical operations. The particular sequence of operations can be changed readily, allowing the computer to solve more than one kind of problem. A general-purpose computer has four main components : the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), the control unit, the memory, and the input and output devices. These parts areUnit 2 Computer Hardware·19·bus [bQs ] n . 总线ArithmeticLogic Unit 运算器，运算逻辑部件circuit[5sE:kit ] n . 电路，环形fundamental[7fQndE5mentEl ] adj . 基本的，重要的maintain[men5tein ] vt . 保持，坚持accommodate[E5kCmEdeit ] vt . 容纳，顺应classification[7klAsifi5keiFEn ]n . 分类，类别distinct[dis5tiNkt ] adj . 截然不同的，明显的architecture[5B:kitektFE ] n .体系结构，建筑学address[E5dres ] n . 住址，地址binary[5bainEri ] n . 二进制register[5redVistE ] n . 寄存器interconnected by buses , often made of groups of wires (See Figure 2.1).Arithmetic Logic UnitIn computing, an arithmetic logic unit is a digital circuit that performs arithmetic and logical operations. The ALU is a fundamental building block of the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer, and even the simplest microprocessors contain one for purposes such as maintaining timers. The processors found inside modern CPUs and graphics processing units (GPUs) accommodate very powerful and very complex ALUs; a single component may contain a number of ALUs.Mathematician John von Neumann proposed the ALU concept in 1945, when he wrote a report on the foundations for a new computer called the EDVAC. Research into ALUs remains an important part of computer science, falling under arithmetic and logic structures in the ACM Computing Classification System.Control UnitThe control unit (often called a control system or central controller) manages the computer's various components; it reads and interprets the program instructions, transforming them into a series of control signals which activate other parts of the computer. Control systems in advanced computers may change the order of some instructions so as to improve performance. In computers, the control unit was historically defined as one distinct part of the 1946 reference model of Von Neumann architecture . In modern computer designs, the control unit is typically an internal part of the CPU with its overall role and operation unchanged.MemoryA computer's memory can be viewed as a list of cells into which numbers can be placed or read. Each cell has a numbered “address” and can store a single number. The information storedin memory may represent practically anything. Letters, numbers, even computer instructions can be placed into memory with equal ease. In almost all modern computers, each memory cell is set up to store binary numbers in groups of eight bits (called a byte).The CPU contains a special set of memory cells called registers that can be read and written to much more rapidly than计算机专业英语·20·random-access memory 随机存取存储器read-only memory 只读存 储器start-up 启动 indefinitely[in defEnEtli ] adv . 无限期地blur[blE :] vt .&vi . (使)变模糊 be restricted to 仅限于……，限制在……sophisticated[sE5fistikeitid ] adj .精密的，复杂的peripheral[pE5rifErEl ] n . 外围设备，周边设备perspective[pE5spektiv ] n . 远景，透视monitor[5mCnitE ] n . 监视器，显示器representation[7reprizen5teiFE n ] n . 表示，表达interaction[7intEr5AkFEn ] n .交互作用，互动 the main memory area. Registers are used for the most frequently needed data items to avoid having to access main memory every time data is needed. As data is constantly being worked on, reducing the need to access main memory greatly increases the computer's speed.Computer main memory comes in two principal varieties: random -access memory or RAM and read -only memory or ROM. RAM can be read and written to anytime the CPU commands it, but ROM is pre-loaded with data and software that never changes, so the CPU can only read from it. ROM is typically used to store the computer's initial start -up instructions. In general, the contents of RAM are erased when the power to the computer is turned off, but ROM retains its data indefinitely . Flash memory blurs thedistinction between ROM and RAM, as it retains its data when turned off but is also rewritable. It is typically much slower than conventional ROM and RAM however, so its use is restricted to applications where high speed is unnecessary.In more sophisticated computers there may be one or more RAM cache memories which are slower than registers but faster than main memory. Generally computers with this sort of cache are designed to move frequently needed data into the cache automatically, often without the need for any intervention on the programmer's part.Input/OutputI/O is the means by which a computer exchanges information with the outside world. Inputs are the signals or data received by the computer, and outputs are the signals or data sent from it. Devices that provide input or output to the computer are called peripherals . Note that the designation of a device as either input or output depends on the perspective . Mouse and keyboards take as input physical movement that the human user outputs and converts it into signals that a computer can understand. The output from these devices is input for the computer. Similarly, printers and monitors take as input signals that a computer outputs. They then convert these signals into representations that human users can see or read. For a human user the process of reading or seeing these representations is receiving input. These interactions between computers and humans are studied in a field called human–computer interaction.Unit 2 Computer Hardware·21·ExercisesI. March each of the following terms to its equivalent(s).II.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text.1. In computing, __________ __________ __________ __________ (ALU) is a digital __________ that performs arithmetic and logical operations.2. Computer main memory comes in two principal varieties: __________ __________ or RAM and __________ __________ or ROM.3. Inputs are the signals or data __________ by the computer, and outputs are the signals or data __________ __________ it.4. In computers, the control unit was historically defined as one __________ part of the 1946 reference model of Von Neumann __________.5.Note that the designation of a device as either input or output depends on the __________. III. Mark the following sentences with true or false according to the passage.1. A computer has four main components: the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), the control unit, the memory, and the input and output devices;and they are interconnected by business. ( )2. I/O(Input and Output Devices) is the means by which a computer exchanges information with the outside world.( ) 3. Mouse and keyboards take as output physical movement that the human user inputs and converts it into signals that a computer can understand. ( ) 4. RAM is pre-loaded with data and software that never changes, so the CPU can only read from it.( ) 5. Control systems in advanced computers may change the order of some instructions so as to improve performance.( )IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese.Flash memory is a non-volatile computer storage chip that can be electrically erased andreprogrammed. It is primarily used in memory cards, USB flash drives, MP3 players and solid-state计算机专业英语·22·drives for general storage and transfer of data between computers and other digital products. It is a specific type of EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory) that is erased and programmed in large blocks; in early flash the entire chip had to be erased at once.TASK III TEXT BInput andOutputFigure 2.2 Input and Output Devicesattach to 使依附 layout[5leiaut ] n . 布局combination[7kCmbi5neiFEn ] n . 结合，组合A computer is only useful when it is able to communicate with the external environment. When you work with the computer you feed your data and instructions through some devices to the computer. These devices are called input devices (See Figure 2.2). Similarly computer after processing, gives output through other devices called output devices (See Figure 2.2).Input DeviceInput devices are necessary to convert our information or data in to a form which can be understood by the computer.Keyboard: This is the standard input device attached to all computers. The layout of keyboard is just like the traditional typewriter of the type QWERTY. It also contains some extra command keys and function keys. It contains a total of 101 to 104 keys. You have to press correct combination of keys to input data. The computer can recognise the electrical signals corresponding to the correct keys combination and processing is done accordingly.Unit 2 Computer Hardware·23·rolls on 滚滚向前censor[5sensE ] vt . 检查 cursor[5kE:sE ] n . 光标monochrome[5mCnEkrEum ] adj . 单色的，黑白的dumb terminal 哑终端 intelligent terminal 智能终端hammering[5hAmEriN ] n .捶打，捶打的声音ribbon[5ribEn ] n .（打印机的） 色带Mouse ：Mouse is an input device that is used with personal computer. It rolls on a small ball and has two or three buttons on the top. When you roll the mouse across a flat surface, the screen censors the mouse in the direction of mouse movement. The cursor moves very fast with mouse giving you more freedom to work in any direction. It is easier and faster to move through a mouse.Scanner ：Scanner is an optical device that can input any graphical matter and display it back. The common optical scanner devices are Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR), Optical Mark Reader (OMR) and Optical Character Reader (OCR).Output DeviceAn output device is any piece of computer hardware equipm- ent used to communicate the results of data processing carried out by a computer to the outside world.Visual Display Unit ：The most popular output device is the Visual Display Unit (VDU). It is also called the monitor. A keyboard is used to input data and monitor is used to display the input data and to receive massages from the computer. A monitor has its own box which is separated from the main computer system and is connected to the computer by cable. In some systems it is compact with the system unit. It can be color or monochrome .Terminals ：It is a very popular interactive input/output unit. It can be divided into two types:hard copy terminals and soft copy terminals. A hard copy terminal provides a printout on paper whereas soft copy terminals provides visual copy on monitor. A terminal when connected to a CPU sends instructions directly to the computer. Terminals are also classified as dumb terminals or intelligent terminals depending upon the work situation.Printer ：It is an important output device which can be used to get a printed copy of the processed text or result on paper. There are different types of printers that are designed for different types of applications. Depending on their speed and approach of printing, printers are classified as impact and non-impact printers. Impact printers use the familiar typewriter approach of hammering a typeface against the paper and inked ribbon . Dot-matrix printers are of this type. Non-impact printers do not hit or impact a ribbon to print. They use electro-static chemicals and ink-jet technologies.计算机专业英语·24·dot-matrix 点矩阵 ink-jet 喷墨式elaborate[I5lAbEreit ] vt . 详细设计Laser printers and ink-jet printers are of this type. This type of printers can produce color printing and elaborate graphics.ExercisesI. March each of the following terms to its equivalent(s).II. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text.1. Terminals can be divided into two types: __________ terminals and __________ _________ terminals.2. Laser printers and __________ printers can produce __________ printing and __________graphics.3. A monitor has its own box which is __________ the main computer system and is __________ to the computer by __________.4. The __________ of keyboard is just like the__________ typewriter of the type QWERTY.5.Mouse __________ __________ a small ball and has two or three buttons on the top. III. Mark the following sentences with true or false according to the passage.1. Input devices are necessary to convert our information or data into a form which can be understood by the computer. ( )2. Visual Display Unit (VDU) is the most popular input/output device of computer , it is also called the monitor .( ) 3. Scanner is an important inputer device,it is a kind of optical device that can output any graphical matter and display it back. ( ) 4. Mouse is an input device that is used with your personal computer, and it rolls on a small ball and has two or three buttons on the top. ( ) 5. A keyboard contains some extra command keys and function keys. When you press correctcombination of keys, you can input special data.( )Unit 2 Computer Hardware·25·IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese.A laser printer is a common type of computer printer that rapidly produces high quality text and graphics on plain paper. As with digital photocopiers and multifunction printers (MFPs), laser printers employ a xerographic printing process but differ from analog photocopiers in that the image is produced by the direct scanning of a laser beam across the printer's photo receptor.TASK IV Writing TrainingBusiness Card名片，又称卡片，是标示姓名及其所属组织、公司单位和联系方法的纸片。
计算机专业英语Unit02_SectionA_Computer_Hardware
键盘是一个像打字机的设备，它使用户得以向计算机 键入文本和命令。有些键盘有特殊功能键或集成的指 示设备，如轨迹球或者可以让用户通过手指的移动来 移动屏幕上光标的触敏区。
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Computer Hardware—Input Hardware
An optical scanner uses light-sensing equipment to convert images such as a picture or text into electronic optical: signals that be manipulated adj. can 光学的，视力的 by a computer. For ~ example, a photograph can be instruments 光学设备 scanned into a computer and then included in a text an ~ defect 视力缺陷 document created on that computer. The two most common scanner types are the flatbed scanner, which is similar to an office photocopier, and the hand-held scanner, which is passed manually across the image to be processed.
(完整版)计算机专业英语unit2ComputerArchitecture
这些程序通常被存储起来，并由计算机硬件调入和调出中央处理器。
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1. Introduction
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Software also governs how the hardware is utilized; for example, how information is retrieved from a storage device.
计算机硬件是计算机所需要的设备，由可被物理操纵的部件组成。
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1. Introduction
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The function of these components is typically divided into three main categories: in理器同时具有硬件与软件的特征，它们因此经常被称作固 件。
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2. Input Hardware
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Input hardware consist of external devices –that is, components outside of the computer’s CPU– that provide information and instructions to the computer.
1. Introduction
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Computer hardware is the equipment involved in the function of a computer and consist of the components that can be physically handled.
《计算机专业英语》霍宏涛Chapter2
Notes
If an application does not make good use of the TLB， increasing the size of the page can be beneficial for performance, allowing for a bigger part of the address space to be mapped into the TLB. 如果应用程序没有充分利用TLB, 增加页面尺寸可以提高性能， 因为它允许更大的地址空间映射到TLB。
Professional English in Computer Field
Chapter Two Computer Architecture
内容
正文
Computer Motherboard Memory Hierarchy in Cache-based Systems
阅读材料
Multi-core (computing) I2C
bottleneck fetch amortize consecutively latency metric uniform hierarchy rule of thumb
n.瓶颈 v.标准 adj.不变 n.分层结构 单凭经验的方法
And the larger, more complex, and more important any program is, the better are its chances that that it'll be one of
these old 32-bit programs.
全关联缓存的设计解决了由于直接映射缓存所导致的潜在的 颠簸的问题。
计算机专业英语Unit2
•
•
Unit 2 Computer Hardware
Section 2 Passage A： A Guide on the Main Components in a PC
1、计算机是由哪些组件构成的 2、选择一个你最熟悉的硬件向同学们介绍
Unit 2 Section 2 Passage A
• component • binary • interact • motherboard • RAM • ROM • BIOS • BUS • O/I • Harddisk • sector
• FAT • CD-ROM • DVD-ROM • burning • expansion card • modem • analogue • translator • graphics card • AC • DC
Unit 2 Section 2 Passage A
• Historically, a computer is any device that can
Unit 2 Computer Hardware
《计算机专业英语》
郭敏 徐莹 杨阳
Unit 2 Computer Hardware
•
• •
Section1 Situational Dialog
Shopping for a Computer Passage A. A Guide on The Main Components In a PC Passage B. Introducing Common Peripherals Reading Skills Part 2—Characteristics of Computer English Vocabulary Characteristics of Computer English Text Part III of Commencement Speech at Stanford Given by Steve Jobs Intel Settles Antitrust AMD Case for $1.2bn A Brief Rundown of What You Need In A Laptop Tips: Upgrade Your PC with a New Graphics Card
计算机专业英语课后答案（清华大学出版社第二版）
计算机专业英语课后答案（清华⼤学出版社第⼆版）第⼀章Computer system overview(操作系统概述)I. Pre-reading Questions1.What is a digital computer?The digital computer is a digital system that performs various computational tasks. The word “digital”implies that theinformation in the computer is represented by variables that take a limited number of discrete values. These values are processed internally by components that can maintain a limited number of discrete states. Digital computer is also called electronic computer or computer.2.Are there any differences between the binary number system and the common decimal number system?The decimal digits has ten digits: 0,1,2,,, and 9. The binary number system has two digits: 0 and 1. The binary numbers use a base 2. The decimal digits use a base 10.3.How many types of computers do you know? Name at least four of them. Computers are usually classified into four broad categories: microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframe computers and supercomputers.II Fill in the following blanks.1.Application software is designed to accomplish real-world tasks in fields.2. An 8-bit signed integer can have any value between -128 and 1273. System software controls the computer and enables it to run the hardware and applications software.4. A computer system consists of hardware system and software system .5. List four types of computers: microcomputers, minicomputers , mainframe computers,and s upercomputers .III True or False.1. The software system is the physical equipment that you can see and touch. 1.F2. Typically, a data value is set to zero to represent FALSE and 1 value forTRUE. 2.F3. In the earliest general-purpose computer, most input and output media were magnetic disks. 3. F4.T4. Supercomputers are largest, fastest, and most expensive computer available.5. A computer system consists of hardware system and software system. 5. T IV Matching terms.1、(b) CPUThe processing unit is at the heart of a computer.2、(c) bit A unit of information conveyed by a single binary digit.3、(a) integrated circuit (IC)A complete electronic circuit that packages transistors and other electronic components on a small silicon chip.4、(d) ASCII A system for encoding characters as binary digits.V Translating Terms.(1) coding techniques 编码技术(2) application software 应⽤软件(3) floating point data 浮点数据(4) timesharing 分时，分时技术(5) storage capacities 存储容量VI Choose the best one of the four answers given to fill in each blank.This chapter introduces digital computer, data types, the evolution of computers, and types of computers. 1 is known to all, it’s hard to find a field in 2 computers are not being used. Digital computer, also called electronic computer or computer, is a digital system that 3 various computational tasks. Digital computers use the 4 number system, which has two digits: 0 and 1.By usingvarious coding 5 , groups of bits can be made to represent not only binary numbers 6 other discrete symbols, such as decimal digits or letters of the alphabet. A computer system consists of hardware system and software system. Programs tell the hardware what to do. 7 software is designed to accomplishreal-world tasks in fields such as accounting, entertainment, and engineering. Computers are usually 8 into four broad categories: microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframe computers, and supercomputers. It’s hard to give a 9 definition to each type because computer speeds and storage 10 change rapidly.1. A. As B. It C. As it D. That2. A. what B. which C. where D. when3. A. performs B. carries C. makes D. integrates4. A. decimal B. binary C. Arabian D. American5. A. technique B. Technology C. techniques D. technologies6. A. instead of B. rather than C. but also D. as well7. A. Application B. System C. Word D. Excel8. A. put B. made C. conducted D. classified9. A. precious B. progress C. proceeding D. precise10. A. capacities B. capable C. capabilities D. capacity1.A2. B3. A4. B5. C6. C7. A8. D9. D 1 0.CVII. Translate the following into English.1.By using various coding techniques, groups of bits can be made to represent not only binary numbers but also other discrete symbols.通过应⽤各种编码技术。
计算机专业英语Unit2
机专业 计 机专业 语
Unit 2 Section 2 Passage A
•
Motherboards The motherboard is heart of the computer, with all of its connections leading out from itself and into every device in the machine. When you open a PC you’ll see the Motherboard will more than likely cover the whole of one side of the PC. It is a very important part of the system since everything has to be connected to it, everything therefore has to be compatible with it. The speed of the connections that run from each component to the motherboard can also have a positive or negative effect on the system.
Unit 2 Computer Hardware
《计算机专业英语》
郭敏 徐莹 杨阳
Unit 2 Computer Hardware
• • • •
Section1 Situational Dialog
Shopping for a Computer
Section 2 Passages
Passage A. A Guide on The Main Components In a PC Passage B. Introducing Common Peripherals
计算机专业英语第二单元习题答案
8．cathode ray tube阴极射线管
9．video game电子游戏
10．audio signal音频信号
11．operating system操作系统
12．LCD (liquid crystal display)液晶显示（器）
13．inkjet printer喷墨打印机
2．single-layer;double-sided; politics
3．Substrate
4．incompatibility
II．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
Section B
I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1．low-speed
2．topology; hub
3．control; bulk
4．token; handshake
II．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1．information retrieval信息检索
2．voice recognition module语音识别模块
3．touch-sensitive region触感区
4．address bus地址总线
5．flatbed scanner平板扫描仪
6．dot-matrix printer点阵打印机
4．LCD-based
计算机专业英语unit 2_Hardware 1
2.What’s Alex’s problem? He can’t tell the difference between RAM and ROM. 3.What does RAM stand for? It stands for Random Access Memory. 4.What does ROM represent? It represents Read Only Memory. 5.Which of the two is like a library book? ROM.
5. Which car would you like to choose?
5. Talk Table & Role-play
Asking for Advice on Computer Care A: Excuse me, Ms Nance. May I 1 ask you a question（问你一个问题）? B: Of course. Go ahead. A: Do you know how to keep computers clean? B: That sounds like a simple topic but computers require special cleaning even on the outside. A: What do you mean by special cleaning on the outside? B: It means that you have to keep your system free from 2 dust, dirt and liquids （灰尘、污垢和液体）. A: What kind of liquids must be kept away? B: All kinds, especially 3 glass cleaners （玻璃清洁液）. A: Why? B: Because mixing liquids and electronic components can cause serious 4 electric shock (触电). A: That sounds terrible. And what else should I pay attention to? B: It’s best to stay clear of the computer during storms. A: Do you mean it’s dangerous to use the computer during storms? B: Right. Remember lightening could 5 be conducted to(被传导到）your computer. A: Thanks for the advice. B: You’re welcome.
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计算机专业英语
》》
Lesson One the Central Processing Unit
计算机专业英语
》》
计算机专业英语
》》
The CPU stands for Central Processing Unit. The CPU coordinates all the activities of the various components of the computer .It determines which operations should be carried out and in what order. The CPU can also retrieve information form memory and store the results of manipulations back into the memory unit for later reference.
》》
The arithmetic and logic unit executes that instruction. It consists of the circuits that add, subtract, multiply, divide, compare, copy, and initiate input or output the computer's instruction set. Registers are temporary storage devices that hold control information, key data, and intermediate results.
计算机专业英语
》》
"You don't know my work," said the other. "what is your work?" "I'm a policeman." "Oh!" cried the first man. He thought quickly and said, "and do you know my work?" "No," said the policeman. "I'm a writer, I' m always telling stories about things that never happened."
计算机专业英语
》》
destroy content location change
v.破坏,毁坏 n.内容;adj.满足的;vt.使满足 n.位置,场所 n.改变,转变;vt.改变,改造
计算机专业英语
》》
Main memory Usually, RAM's flexibility is an advantage. Occasionally, however, it can be a problem. The bank needs a program that can be read by the processor, but not modified. Such programs are stored in read only memory, or ROM. As the name implies, ROM is "permanent" memory that can be read, but not written.
计算机专业英语
》》
Occasionally
adv.有时候,偶而
as the name imply
顾名思义
计算机专业英语
》》
Secondary storage Main memory is expensive, and the supply on most machined is limited. Another problem is its volatility; main memory loses its contents when its power is cut when the computer is turned off. Therefore we need a fast, accurate, inexpensive, high-capacity, non-volatile extension of main memory, and secondary storage fills this need.
计算机专业英语
》》
a clock 一个时钟 instruction control unit 指令控制单元 arithmetic and logic unit 算术逻辑单元 register 寄存器 megahertz 兆赫 clock cycle 时钟周期 Nanoseconds 纳秒
计算机专业英语
计算机专业英语
》》
Lesson Two Introduction of Memory The term 'memory' is usually used to refer to the internal storage locations of a computer. It is also called real storage or primary memory, and is expressed as quantities of K. Each K is equal to 1,024 bytes, and each byte is equal to 8 bits. The microcomputer's memory consists of main memory and secondary storage.
计算机专业英语
》》
Main memory The main memory of most computers is composed of random access memory, or RAM. Input data can be stored in RAM, destroying the old contents of the selected bytes of words, once the results written to other memory locations. Finally, the contents can be sent to an output device. When a program is finished, a new program can be copied into RAM are easy to change.
计算机专业英语
》》
The processor contains four key components: a clock, an instruction control unit, an arithmetic and logic unit, and a set of registers. The speed at which the CPU operates is called the clock speed and is measured in megahertz (MHz). A clock cycle is the time that the CPU takes to perform instructions at a given clock speed. Clock cycles are measured in nanoseconds (ns).
计算机专业英语
》》
计算机专业英语
UNIT TWO
Introduction and Development of Computer Lesson One the Central Processing Unit Lesson Two Introduction of Memory Lesson Three Input/Output devices
计算机专业英语
》》
移动硬盘: 移动硬盘:USB接口的可携带的硬盘,具有 固定硬盘的基本特征,如图.容量5— 20GB,价格比较昂贵.
计算机专业英语
》》
英语幽默笑话
Do you know my work? One night a hotel caught fire, and the people who were staying in it ran out in their night clothes. Two men stood outside and looked at the fire. " Before I came out," said one, "I ran into some of the rooms and found a lot of money. People don't think of money when they're afraid. When anyone leaves paper money in a fire, the fire burns it. So I took all the bills that I could find. No one will be poorer because I took them."
计算机专业英语
》》ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Subtract 减去 Multiply 乘,繁殖 Divide 除 Compare 比较 initiate 开始 intermediate result 中间结果
计算机专业英语
》》
When you buy a PC or a CPU, you must pay attention to some indexes of the CPU. Main frequency or internal frequency: External frequency: CPU ratio: