增词译法
英译汉增词译法
英译汉增词译法增词译法是翻译中的一种常用技巧，它在保持原文意思准确的基础上，通过添加一些词汇来使译文更加准确、流畅和自然。
在翻译过程中，我们常常会遇到一些词语或句子，在中文中意义不明确或表达起来不够准确的情况。
如果直接翻译这些词语或句子，很容易导致译文的含义不准确或者表达不清晰。
而增词译法则可以通过适当添加一些词汇来弥补这个翻译上的不足，使译文更贴近原文的意思。
增词译法可以分为两种情况：一种是在翻译过程中为了保持原文的完整性和流畅性，适当增加一些逻辑上必要的词语或句子；另一种是为了更好地传达原文的含义和情感色彩，增加一些语气词、修饰词或者感叹句等。
在实际的翻译工作中，我们常常会遇到需要采用增词译法的情况。
比如，原文中出现了一些形容词或副词，而中文中对这些描述词译文较为生硬或者表达不准确。
这时候，我们可以适当增加一些修饰词，来更好地传达原文所要表达的意思。
又如，在某些表达强调或加强语气的情况下，增加语气词或者感叹句也是可行的。
当然，在运用增词译法时，我们需要具备较强的语感和语境理解能力，以确保添加的词语和句子在语义上是准确且合适的。
增词译法的运用需要灵活考虑具体的翻译情况。
在翻译过程中，我们应当遵循忠实于原文的原则，尽量保持译文与原文的意思保持一致，但又不能机械地逐字逐句地翻译。
增词译法的运用应尽量以使译文更加准确、流畅和自然为目的，而不是简单地将原文照搬到译文中。
只有在保证准确表达原文含义的基础上，增词译法才能更好地发挥其作用。
综上所述，增词译法是一种在特定语境下适当添加词语来提高翻译准确性和流畅性的翻译技巧。
在翻译过程中，我们需要具备较强的语感和语境理解能力，以确保所添加的词语和句子能够准确传达原文的含义和情感色彩。
翻译是一门艺术，通过运用恰当的翻译技巧和方法，我们可以更好地传播不同国家和文化之间的交流与交往。
英文翻译技巧之增词法与减词法
英文翻译技巧之增词法与减词法英汉两种语言，由于表达方式不尽相同，翻译时既可能要将词类加以转换，又可能要在词量上加以增减。
增词法与减词法在英汉互译中运用相当广泛，但无论增词还是减词，增减的是词，不是意。
一、增词法所谓增词法，就是在翻译时，为了使译文合乎汉语的习惯和表达规律，为了使意思更加明确，从意义、修辞和句法上需要在译文中适当增添一些虽无其词而有其意的词。
增词译法不是凭空想象，必须增之有道，补之有理。
必要的增词对一个句子起着画龙点睛的作用，准确、通顺和完整地表达原文的内容，避免语义模糊。
例1：Packing together with packaging is designed not only as a form of protection but also a form to facilitate handling, storage, to prevent pilferage and what's more to help promote the sales.译文：包装和包装方法不仅仅是为了保护商品，也是为了便利搬运和库存、防止盗窃，更重要的是，有助于促销。
解析：“protection”此处译作“保护商品”，加了“商品”两字，显然比译作“保护”更好。
1.增加原文中省略的部分英语中有省略现象，译为汉语时往往要根据句法需要补出英文中省略的成分，主要包括回答中的省略、动词的省略及比较句中的省略等；另外，为表示态度、逻辑关系等，也需要加词。
（1）增补回答句中省略的词语1例2：—He doesn’t know, does he?—Yes, he does.译文：——他不知道吧？——不，他知道。
例3：—Did you enjoy your time in Beijing？—Yes, I did.译文：——你在北京过得愉快吗？——是的，我过得很愉快。
（2）增补并列结构中省略的词语例4：On average, the economy performs less well in a president's second term than in his first.That pattern probably does not apply to Mr Obama. Since his first term was so difficult, the next, by rights, ought to be better.译文：一般来说，美国总统第二个任期内的经济不如第一任期。
增词译法——精选推荐
增词译法第三章词法翻译四、增词译法(Amplification)英汉两种语⾔，由于表达⽅式不尽相同，翻译时有可能要在词量上加以增减。
增词法就是在翻译时按照意义上（或修辞上）和句法上的需要增加⼀些词来更忠实通顺的表达原⽂的思想内容。
不是⽆中⽣有的随意增词，⽽是增加原⽂中虽⽆其词但有其意的词。
⼀、根据句法上的需要增词（⼀）增补原⽂答句中的省略部分1. Is this your book Yes, it is.这是你的书吗是我的。
(Yes, it is. = Yes, it is mine.)2. Do you love him Yes, of course I do.你爱他吗我当然爱他。
(Yes, of course I do. = Yes, of course I love him.)（⼆）增补原⽂句⼦中所省略的动词1. He remembered the incident, as had his wife.他记得这件事，他的妻⼦早就记起来了。
2. I believed it too. But I don’t now.过去我也是相信的。
可是现在，我不相信了。
3. We don’t retreat, we never have and never will.我们不后退，我们从来没有后退过，将来也决不后退。
4. I fell madly in love with her, and she with me.我狂热地爱上了她，她也狂热地爱上了我。
5. Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.读书使⼈充实，讨论使⼈机智，写作使⼈准确。
6. An eagle and a fox had long lived together as good neighbors; the eagle at the summit of a high tree, the fox in a hole at the foot of it.⼀只鹰和⼀只狐狸长期友好的住在⼀起，鹰住在⼀棵⾼⾼的树顶上，狐狸住在树下⼀个洞⾥。
增词译法——精选推荐
增词译法增词译法Amplification（amplify放⼤，增强）省略补齐：1 Unemployment, particularly among blacks, has become a serious problem.失业，尤其是⿊⼈失业，已经成为⼀个严重的问题。
2 Americans view relationships in terms of “rights”; Chinese in terms of “obligations”– to family, to one’s elders, to the country.美国⼈认为关系是⼀种“权利”，⽽中国⼈认为关系是⼀种“义务”——对家庭的、对长辈的、对国家的义务。
3 One generalization概括often made about Americans is that they value their individualism quite highly. They place great emphasis on their individual differences, on having a great number of choices, and on doing things their own way.常听到⼈们这样描述美国⼈，说他们崇尚个⼈主义，重视个性差异，注重拥有⼤量的选择，强调各⾏其是。
4 And so we let the exciting new knowledge slip from us, a little further every day, and our confidence with it.我们让那些新知识与我们擦肩⽽过，连同我们的⾃信⼀起渐⾏渐远。
5 Detroit owes its rapid growth and one-time prosperity to the automobile, and above all to Henry Ford.底特律的迅速发展及其⼀度繁荣归功于汽车业，尤其归功于亨利·福特。
翻译技巧1
翻译技巧1翻译技巧（上）一、增译法增词（译）法就是指在翻译时按照修辞句法上的需要在译文中增加一些原文中虽无但有其意的词。
增译的目的是为了更加忠实通顺地表达原文的内容，而决不是无中生有地随意增加。
（一）英译汉常用的增益法I．增加原文中省略的部分1.Since the first test of the atomic bomb the world has learnt that the atom can be splitand its power used. （power后省略了can be）自从第一颗原子弹试验以来，全世界都已知道，原子可以分裂，原子能可以利用。
2. A fool and his words are soon parted; a man of genius and his money.（money后省略了are soon parted）愚人会很快忘记说过的话，智者会很快放弃手里的钱。
3.Both human and cow milk are naturally spiced with a small amount of morphine.（human后省略了milk）人乳与牛乳均含有少量吗啡。
4.So-called convenience and frozen foods are now as popular in Europe asthey are in America.如今，所谓的方便食品和速冻食品风靡欧洲，就像在美国一样大众化。
II．增加意义上或修辞上的需要的部分1.He left without a word.他一句话也不说就走了。
2.What a leader he was!他真是一个出类拔萃的领袖啊。
3.Personal tragedy haunted his entire life, in the deaths of loved ones.亲人的相继离世是他的一生充满了个人悲剧。
翻译基础 增词法
补足附加意义
英语中有许多词或本身就具有附加意义， 或在具体使用中带有各种附加意义，因此， 在翻译时先要吃透其全部含义，然后在其 概念意义的基础上相应地增词，以补足附 加意义。
He sank down on the chair with his face in his hands.
（跌坐） “You are from America?” she asked.
增词的主要作用是：
补足语际转换后缺失的含义； 使译文结构保持完整 补充修辞手段 解释原作中的文化因素和背景
增词的原则是，增词不增义
补足词类
通过对比英汉词类可以发现，汉语中大量 使用的量词、助词和语气词是英语中所没 有的，因此，在英汉翻译过程中，往往需 要根据汉语表达习惯，在译文中适当增加 这几类词语，才能使译文句子完整、通顺。
曾经和我们一样贫穷
I went home, met your mother, and we’ve been completely happy.
一直到现在都很开心
Britain’s railway system is being improved. 日臻完善
I had imagined it to be merely a gesture of affection, but it seems it is to smell the lamb and make sure that it is her own. 我原想像这只是表示爱的一个手势，但现在看来 是在闻那只小绵羊来确定这是自己的孩子
搭配性或结构性增词
补充量词
A car a horse 物量词 Take a rest Have a look I was extremely worried about her, but this
自动化专业英语 语法成分的转换 增词译法
6
增词译法
原文中虽然没有某些关联词语，而翻译成汉语时可 从逻辑出发增添上这些关联词语。例如： If the system gain is increased beyond a certain limit, the system will become unstable. 如果系统增益超过了一定界限，系统就会不稳定。 增译了关联词“就”。 The pointer of ampere meter moves from zero to three and goes back to one. 安培表的指针先从0转到3，然后又回到1。增译了 关联词“先…然后又”。
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增词译法
翻译英语省略句，可根据需要在译文中补充省略部 分。例如： The letter I stands for the current in amperes, E the electromotive force in voltages, and R the resistance in ohms. 字母I代表电流的安培数，E代表电动势的伏特数， R代表电阻的欧姆数。 翻译没有行为主体的被动句时，可增添适当的主语， 如“人们”、“有人”、“大家” 等。例如： Rubber is found a good material for the insulation of cable． 人们发现，橡胶是一种用于电缆绝缘的理想材料。
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语法成分的转换
对于英语中有如下的to have a voltage of…， to have a height of…等结构时，在翻译时通常把 “电压”、“高度”等译作主语，同时对句中其它语 法成分做相应的转换。例如： The output of transformer has a voltage of 10 kilovoltages. 变压器的输出电压为l0kV。 CD has a much more data volume than that of hard disk and floppy disk. 光盘的数据存储量比硬盘和软盘大得多。 根据实际情况需要，采取意译、词性转换、语 法成分转换的处理是极为必要的。
增词译法
• 二.省词译法 • 中国足球的落后状态必须改变。 • The (state of\condition of) backwardness of the Chinese football must be changed. • 物质可以转化为能，能也可以转化为物质。 • Matter can be changed into energy, and energy into matter. • If winter comes, can spring be far behind? • （如果）冬天来了，春天还会远吗？ • The sun is bright, and the sky is clear. • 阳光灿烂，（和）晴空万里。
• (一)在抽象名词后增加表示范畴的名词
• Mary spoke with restraint in her face. • 玛丽说话时脸上露出了拘谨的神色。 • His arrogance sent him into isolation and helplessness. • 他的傲慢态度使他孤立无援。 • We have winked at these irregularities too long. • 我们对这种越轨行为容忍太久了。 • Unemployment Persuasion backwardness preparation madness
• • • • • • •
（六）增加表示复数的词（或重叠词） Flowers bloom all over the yard. 朵朵鲜花开满了庭院。 朵朵 Newsmen went flying off to Mexico. 记者们纷纷 纷纷飞到墨西哥去了。 纷纷 The lion is the king of the animals. 狮是百兽之王。 百
增词译法
第三章词法翻译四、增词译法(Amplification)英汉两种语言，由于表达方式不尽相同，翻译时有可能要在词量上加以增减。
增词法就是在翻译时按照意义上（或修辞上）和句法上的需要增加一些词来更忠实通顺的表达原文的思想内容。
不是无中生有的随意增词，而是增加原文中虽无其词但有其意的词。
一、根据句法上的需要增词（一）增补原文答句中的省略部分1. Is this your book Yes, it is.这是你的书吗是我的。
(Yes, it is. = Yes, it is mine.)2. Do you love him Yes, of course I do.你爱他吗我当然爱他。
(Yes, of course I do. = Yes, of course I love him.)（二）增补原文句子中所省略的动词1. He remembered the incident, as had his wife.他记得这件事，他的妻子早就记起来了。
2. I believed it too. But I don’t now.过去我也是相信的。
可是现在，我不相信了。
3. We don’t retreat, we never have and never will.我们不后退，我们从来没有后退过，将来也决不后退。
4. I fell madly in love with her, and she with me.我狂热地爱上了她，她也狂热地爱上了我。
5. Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，写作使人准确。
6. An eagle and a fox had long lived together as good neighbors; the eagle at the summit of a high tree, the fox in a hole at the foot of it.一只鹰和一只狐狸长期友好的住在一起，鹰住在一棵高高的树顶上，狐狸住在树下一个洞里。
中国人民大学经济学考研英语：增词译法让翻译更通达
考研英语：增词译法让翻译更通达增词法就是在翻译时按意义上和句法上的需要增加一些词来更忠实、更通顺地表达原文的思想内容。
英汉两种语言，由于表达方式不尽相同，有些词在英语中省略而不会影响全句意思的完整表达，但是翻译成汉语后就可能出现意思不够明确或者句子不够通顺的现象，此时就需要使用增词法这种翻译技巧。
例如增加原文中省略的部分，增动词，增名词，增加表示时态的词等等，下面我们将通过翻译真题来具体分析什么情况下使用增词法，以及如何使用增词法是翻译更加通顺。
(1)增省略英语中多省略，中文喜欢重复，所以在两种语言在转换时要汉语中要补充出英语中省略的内容。
比如，03年第四篇阅读第一句话It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional.这句话中，in Canada与inevitable，in California与optional之间，省略了主语death,翻译是，必须补充出来。
“据说，在英国死亡很紧迫，在加拿大死亡不可避免，在加利福尼亚死亡可以选择。
”又比如，How well the predictions will be validated by later performance// depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used// and on the skill and wisdom// with which it is interpreted.(95年，72题)句子结构是How well...引导的被动结构是主语从句，How well是主语从句中的状语前置，depends是句子谓语，depends后面两个介词短语作并列宾语upon...and on...，the information used是名词+定语，with which it is interpreted定语从句，先行词是the skill and wisdom，代词it指代the information这些测试在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适应性，还取决于解释这些信息的技能和才智。
最新增词译法和减词译法精品课件
to change it. — 不过我就是这个脾气，虽然竭力想改，终究还
是改不了。
▪
2.泛指人称代词作主语时，即便是第一个主语，也往往省略掉。
▪
e.g. You can never tell.
— 很难说。
▪
e.g. We eat to live, but not live to eat.
▪
— 吃饭是为了活着，可活着不是为了吃饭。
▪
— 交出翻译之前必须多读几遍，看看里面有没有要修改的地方。
➢ Cutting the possessive pronoun
▪ e.g. For two weeks, he had been studying the house, looking at its rooms, its electric wiring, its path and its garden.
▪
— 我看了一眼照片，马上就认出了她。
▪
Adding words which indicate the tense
▪
英语动词的时态是靠动词词型变化和加助动词来表达的。汉语动
词没有时态变化，表达时态时除用具体表示时间的词或词组，如
昨天、此时此刻、下周、２０年前等，还要借助于时态助词“曾、
已经、过、了／正在、着、／将、就、要、会、便”被用来表示
▪ — 这是你的书吗？ — 是我的。
▪ e.g. — what? Don’t you love him?
— Yes, of
course I do.
▪ — 什么？难道你不爱他？ 爱他！
— 我当然
➢ 排比句
▪ e.g. “Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready
第4讲英汉翻译中的增词法和减词法
2）If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 3) Come if you like.
2.1.3省略冠词
英语有冠词，汉语没有冠词，因此，英译汉时往往可将 冠词省略。
1.2.8 “be”开头的让步状语从句
(1)Be the shape of a body complicated, it is possible to find out its volume.
(2)All magnets behave the same, be they large or small.
1.1 语法的需要（英汉差异）
1.1.1英语中的名词为复数形式时
(1) I saw bubbles rising from under the water.
(2) The first electronic computers went into operation in 1945.
(3) Cargo insurance is to protect the trader from losses that many dangers may cause.
(2) The sun rose thinly from the sea.
(3) A stream was winding its ways through the valley into the river.
1.2 语义的需要（意义表达）
1.2.1 抽象名词
(1) Oxidation will make iron and steel rusty.
省略译法的目的是为了使译文简明扼要、通顺。要特 别注意，省略法不是，也不能删去其中的内容。
增词译法
Earl and I decided to walk our dog. Somehow our path took us toward the park, across the footbridge high above the rolling waters of the Los Angeles River. It is like a dream to me now, floating through my mind in slow motion. Many children were playing close to the waters. 增加主语 增加时间状语
补充概括性词语
在汉语中，人们往往把一些词语放在有关 内容的后面对其加以概括，这种用法是英 语通常所没有的。 在翻译中，可以根据情况适当增加这类词 语，是译文附和汉语的表达习惯。
Sino-British links have multiplied--- political, commercial, educational, cultural, defense, science and technology. 中英在政治，贸易，教育，文化，防御， 科学，技术方面的联系正成倍增加。
The old man said, “They say his father was a fisherman. Maybe he was as poor as we are.” 曾经和我们一样贫穷 I went home, met your mother, and we’ve been completely happy. 一直到现在都很开心 Britain’s railway system is being improved. 日臻完善
5. 增词译法
4.增补表示逻辑关系的词语
有时候英语原文中并没有表达逻辑关系的词语，但根据上下文 可以判断出其隐含的逻辑关系，如转折、假设、让步、因果关 系等，在翻译成汉语的时候，要适当地在句中或句子之间补充 关联词和承上启下的词。
At the time of Kennedy’s assassination, people thought that a second term would have led either to greatness or to disaster. 肯尼迪遇刺时，人们认为，假如他再任一届总统的话， 大概不是功高盖世，就是祸国殃民。 The strongest man cannot alter the law of nature. 即使是最强有力的人也不能改变自然法则。
6. 增补语法省略成分 Matter can be changed into energy, and energy into matter. 物质可以转化为能量，能量也可以转化为物质。 She e little. Food sickened her, and I think much of life too. 她吃得很少；她厌恶食物，我觉得她也厌恶生活。 The best conductor has the least resistance， and the poorest the greatest． 最好的导体电阻最小，最差的导体电阻最大。
3.增加形容词和副词
With what enthusiasm the Beijingers are studying foreign languages! 北京的人们正以多么高的热情学习外语啊！ What a day/life! 多么热/冷/难熬/幸福/悲惨 的一天/生活啊！ How the little girl looked after her old mother! 那个小女孩照顾她的年迈的母亲是多么地细心 周到啊！ The crowd melted away. 人群渐渐地散去了。
5.增词译法(精)
2. 增加名词
1）英语中有一些由动词或形容词派生出来的抽 象名词，翻译时常在其后面增加适当的名词（范 畴词）。 darkness 漆黑一片 madness 疯狂行为 backwardness 落后状态 translation 翻译作品 family 家庭成员 After all preparations were made, the sports meeting began. 一切准备工作就绪后，运动会开始了。 The resort to arms is not the best solution to the disputes between countries. 诉诸武力并不是解决国与国之间争端的最好的解决 方法。
练习
Avoid using the computer in extreme cold, heat, dust or humidity. The advantage of the meeting room are bright, spacious, fashionable and without echoes. I treated you as my brother, but not now. The lion is the king of animals. Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own.
练习
A new kind of aircraft－small, cheap, pilotless－is attracting increasing attention. The world needn't be afraid of a possible shortage of coal, oil, natural gas or other resources for fuel for the future. In every Chinese city, we got into the streets, shops, parks, theatres and restaurants. I forgot my key. These early cars were slow, clumsy, and inefficient.
翻译 增词译法
In agreeing to what was already the status quo, Kruschev would have had farmore to gain than to lose.
3.1Supplying verbs
In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions,he would work on the drafting of the final communique.
怎么你不爱他？
我当然爱他。
2.2Supplying the omitted verbs
Readingmakes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.(F. Bacon)
读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，写作使人准确。
An eagle and a fox had long lived together as good neighbors; the eagle at thesummit of a high tree, the fox in a hole at the foot of it.
4) transformative（转换的）consideration.
All these aim at making the Chinese version more accurate and clear, and hence more readable.
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第三章词法翻译四、增词译法(Amplification)英汉两种语言，由于表达方式不尽相同，翻译时有可能要在词量上加以增减。
增词法就是在翻译时按照意义上（或修辞上）和句法上的需要增加一些词来更忠实通顺的表达原文的思想内容。
不是无中生有的随意增词，而是增加原文中虽无其词但有其意的词。
一、根据句法上的需要增词（一）增补原文答句中的省略部分1. Is this your book? Yes, it is.这是你的书吗？是我的。
(Yes, it is. = Yes, it is mine.)2. Do you love him? Yes, of course I do.你爱他吗？我当然爱他。
(Yes, of course I do. = Yes, of course I love him.)（二）增补原文句子中所省略的动词1. He remembered the incident, as had his wife.他记得这件事，他的妻子早就记起来了。
2. I believed it too. But I don’t now.过去我也是相信的。
可是现在，我不相信了。
3. We don’t retreat, we never have and never will.我们不后退，我们从来没有后退过，将来也决不后退。
4. I fell madly in love with her, and she with me.我狂热地爱上了她，她也狂热地爱上了我。
5. Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，写作使人准确。
6. An eagle and a fox had long lived together as good neighbors; the eagle at the summit of a high tree, the fox in a hole at the foot of it.一只鹰和一只狐狸长期友好的住在一起，鹰住在一棵高高的树顶上，狐狸住在树下一个洞里。
7. Many people can bear adversity, but few contempt.很多人能够忍受逆境，但很少人能忍受被人轻视。
（三）增补原文比较句中的省略部分1. The footmen were as ready to serve her as they were their own mistress.仆人们愿意服侍她，就像他们愿意服侍他们的女主人一样。
2. Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own.从别人的失败中吸取教训比从自己的失败中吸取教训更好。
3. The Chinese way of co-operations is more inventive than others.中国的合作方式比别国的合作方式更有特色。
（四）增补原文含蓄条件句中的省略部分1. We didn’t admit it (escape) was impossible. To do so would have been to surrender one of our few hopes.我们并不认为越狱是不可能的。
如果承认越狱不可能，那就等于把仅存的一点希望也放弃了。
2. At the tim e of Kennedy’s assassination, Kissinger felt that a second term would have led either to greatness or to disaster.肯尼迪遇刺时，基辛格认为，如果肯尼迪再任一届总统的话，大概不是立大功，就是闯大祸。
3. In agreeing to what was already the status quo, he would have had far more to gain than to lose.假如他已经同意接受现状的话，对他来说就会是得多失少了。
4. He could accept a passive opposition from his loyalists, but an open one would have dire consequences.忠于他的那些人在消极反对他，这点他可以接受。
但是如果他们公然反对，那后果就可怕了。
二、根据意义上、修辞上或逻辑上的需要增词（一）增加动词1. In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he still had to work on the drafting of the final communique.晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会和观看乒乓球表演之后，他还得起草最后公报。
2. In spite of yesterday’s rainstorm the crops lay lush and green in the early light.尽管昨天遭受了暴风雨的袭击，庄稼在晨曦中还是显得郁郁葱葱。
（二）增加形容词1. With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism!中国人民正在以多么高的热情建设社会主义啊！2. There are friends and friends.朋友有多种。
有益友，有损友。
3. All one needed was one lucky break and the doors would open.一个人只要交上一次好运，从此幸运的大门就会打开。
（三）增加副词1. The crowds melted away.人群渐渐散开了。
2. As he sat down and began talking, words poured out.他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲个没完。
3. In the fairy tales, all too often it was the same one: the prince meets the princess; they fall in love; marry each other and live happily together.在童话故事里，总是老一套：王子和公主始而相遇，继而相爱，最后结婚并幸福的生活在一起。
4. Poor people, when they are suffering from acute hunger and severe cold, are not more unhappy than rich people: they are often much happier.当穷人受着饥饿与严寒，他们并不见得比富人更不快乐。
相反地，他们通常比富人快乐得多。
5. But they still came, by car, by donkey and on foot. Thousands came from other Arab countries.但是他们仍然源源不断前来，有的乘汽车，有的骑毛驴，有的步行。
成千的人丛别的阿拉伯国家赶来。
6. They lingered long over his letter.他们久久地反复玩味着他的来信。
（四）增加名词I. 在不及物动词后面增加名词1. to wash before meal / to wash after getting up / to wash before going to bed饭前洗手/ 起床后洗脸/ 睡前洗脚2. Mary washed for a living after her husband died.玛丽在丈夫去世后靠给人洗衣服维持生活。
3. Day after day he came to his work---sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning.他每天来干活—扫地，擦地板，收拾房间。
4. Then Lieutenant Grub launched into the old recruiting routine, “See, save and serve! …”于是，格拉布上尉开始说起招兵的老一套了：“见见世面，攒点钱，为国家出点力。
…”II. 在形容词前增加名词1. This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.这部打字机真是价廉物美。
2. A new kind of aircraft---small, cheap, pilotless---is attracting increasing attention.一种新型飞机正越来越引起人们的注意—这种飞机体积小，价格便宜，无人驾驶。
3. He is a complicated man---moody, with a melancholy streak.他是一个性格复杂的人—喜怒无常，忧郁寡欢。
III. 在抽象名词后增加名词1. The government was taking measures to improve the backwardness in that area.政府正在采取措施改善那个地区的落后状态。
2. The teacher was trying hard to ease the students’ dissatisfaction.那个老师正在努力安抚学生的不满情绪。
3. In the summer of that year, the administration publicly urged an easing of tensions with China.那年夏天，政府公开主张缓和同中国的紧张关系。
4. His arrogance made everyone dislike him.他的傲慢态度使谁都不喜欢他。
5. The vague restlessness since boyhood remained.从小就有的那种模糊的不安定的感觉依然还存在。
6. There had been an ease of international tension.国际紧张局势过去曾有所缓和。
7. Preparations for the conference were plagued by many problems.会议的筹备工作受到许多问题的干扰。
IV. 在具体名词后增加名词1. He felt the patriot rise within his breast.他感到一种爱国热情在胸中激荡。