阅读理解长难句分析

阅读理解长难句分析

一、复杂的并列句

如果句子包含两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构，就是并列句。并列句中的分句通常用一个并列连词来连接，最常见的是and 和but。有时，一个并列句中的一个（或更多）分句，可能包含有一个（或更多）从句，这种句子称为并列复合句。

并列连词：

表并列：and or either….or neither…nor not only…but also both…and as well as

表转折：but however yet nevertheless

表因果关系：for so hence therefore

Eg1: One of the women ,for instance,on leaving her house for work one morning threw her dog her earrings and tried to fix a dog biscuit in her ear.

Eg2:A second language isn’t generally required to get a job in business,but having language skills gives a candidate the edge when other qualifications appear to be equal.

Eg3:In order to grow,to travel new roads,people need to have a willingness to take risks, to confront the unknown ,and to accept the possibility that they may “fail”at first.

Eg4: What the speaker was really saying is that he is no longer young; he has been teaching for sixteen years,and he is able to think and speak like a mature adult.

Eg5:Shrinking landfill space, and rising costs for burying and burning rubbish are forcing local governments to look more closely at recycling.

二、从句

1、名词性从句

I think English is very easy.

That’s why I choose the Yale school.

How the book will sell depends on its author。

The news that our team has won the game was true（同位语从句）

2、形容词性从句（定语从句）

The news that he told me yesterday was true.（限制性定语从句）

They send this image to all parts of Brazil and made people conscious of other patterns of behavior and other values, which were put into a very attractive package.(非限制性定语从句)

电视剧把这些描绘传送到巴西各地，使人们意识到与己不同的行为和道德准则，而这些都是有肥皂剧这样一个吸引人的媒介所传送的。

3、副词性从句（状语从句）

I will do it for you since you are busy.（原因）

We shall go to seaside for an outing provided the weather is fine.（条件）

I’ll let you know as soon as it is arranged.(时间)

We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.（结果）

He worked as fast as a skilled worker.(比较)

Much as I admire his courage,I don’t think he acted wisely.(让步)

（adj./n.+as+s.+v.=although+s.+v.+ adj./n.）

Eg1:Whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa(反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. Eg2:They sent this image to all parts of Brazil and made people conscious of other patterns of

behavior and other values,which were put into a very attractive package.

Eg3:Tracking whales is but one example of an exciting new world just opening to civilian scientists after the cold war as the Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system built over the decades to track the ships of potential enemies.

三、分割结构

Eg1:Numerous other commercial enterprises,from thearers to magazine publishers,from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.（介词短语分割）

Eg2:For a small group of students , professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal , can be the “difference”between having a good job or not.(分词分割)

Eg3:The debate was lunched by the government , which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC---including ordinary listeners and viewers---- to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping.（从句分割）

四、倒装句

从形式上分，倒装有两种：全部倒装（Full Inversion）和部分倒装（Partial Inversion）。谓语动词全部位于主语之前的称作全部倒装；只将谓语动词的一部分（通常是助动词或情态动词）放在主语之前的称作部分倒装。句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, nearly, at no time, in no way, not until... 等句子为部分倒装。

Eg：In front of me stood a boy. （我面前站着一个男孩。）(全部倒装)

Eg：Only in this way can we do it better. （只有这样，我们才能做得更好一些(部分倒装) Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.

(当Not until 引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。)

注意:如否定词不在句首不倒装。

The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.

虚拟条件句的倒装

虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if 省略，再把were, should 或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。

Were they here now, they could help us.

=If they were here now, they could help us.

Had you come earlier, you would have met him

=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.

If she should call, what would you say?

=Should she call, what would you say?

Eg1:Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them.(2000.6月真题) 详解：表语Primary among the arguments against uniforms 移到句首，引起整个句子的倒装，正常的语序是：Their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. is primary among the arguments against uniforms

过去分词短语做定语：experienced by people who must wear them

这个短语里又有一个定语从句：who must wear them

译文：反对制服的各种观点中最主要的就是说制服缺乏多样性，从而使那些必须穿制服的人失去个性。

Eg2:Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too--- and so did bigger crops of babies as