财务会计英语

交易性金融资产：Trading financial assets 持有至到期投资：held-to-maturity investment 可供出售金融资产：Available-for-sale financial assets 短期投资：Short-term investment 长期股权投资：Long-term equity investment 固定资产：Fixed assets 累计折旧：Accumulated depreciation 在建工程：Construction-in-process 固定资产减值准备：provision for the decline in value of fixed assets 无形资产：Intangible assets 累计摊销：Accumulated amortization 商誉：Goodwill 递延所得税资产：deferred tax assets (DTA )
The accounting equation shows the Basic relationship between the accounting elements i.e. the balance position of assets on one side whereas liabilities and owner’s equity on the other side . so the accounting equation is :
2.负债类Liability
短期借款：Short-term loans/ borrowing 长期借款：Long-term loans/ borrowing 预收账款：advance from customers/ Deposit received 应付票据：Notes payable 应付账款：Account payable 应付工资薪酬：wages payable 应付股利：Dividends payable 应付利息：Interest payable 应交税费：Tax payable 其他应付款：Other payables 递延所得税负债：Deferred tax liabilities 3.所有者权益类 OWNERS' EQUITY 实收资本：Paid-in capital （paid-up） 资本公积：Capital reserves 盈余公积：Surplus reserves 未确认投资损失：Unrealized investment losses 未分配利润：Retained earnings after appropriation 4.成本类科目Cost 生产成本：Manufacturing Cost 制造费用：Manufacturing overhead 劳务成本：labor costs
5.损益类Profit and loss 主营业务收入：Main operating revenue 其他业务收入：Other operating revenue 营业外收入：Non-operating income 投资收益：Investment income 产品销售收入：sales revenue 主营业务成本：Main operating costs cost of goods sold / cost of sales 其他业务支出：Other operating costs 营业外支出：Non-operating expense 销售费用：Selling expense 管理费用：General and administration expense （G&A expense） 财务费用：Finance expense 公允价值变动损益：Gain/loss of the change of fair value 所得税：Income tax
Accounting Ratios
Total Current Assets Total Current Liabilities
Impact of business transactions are recorded when the transaction occurs Revenues are recognized when earned . Expenses are recognized when incurred.
Cash Accounting收付实现制.
Time-Period Concept
A fiscal year ends on a date other than December 31. Most retailers, including Wal-Mart and J.C.Penney, use a fiscal year that ends on January 31 because the low point in their business activity falls after Christmas.
Closing accounts
Debit each revenue account for its credit balance and credit Retained Earnings for the sum of the revenues. Credit each expense account for its debit balance. Debit retained earnings for the sum of the expenses . Credit the dividends account for its debit balance. Debit Retained Earnings.
Closing the Books.结帐
Temporary accounts are closed -----Revenues -----Expenses -----Dividends Permanent accounts are not closed -----Assets -----Liabilities -----Stockholders’ Equity
The definition of accrual basis
Accrual basis is a system of accounting that matches revenues and expenses, respectively, to the period they were earned and incurred. Under accrual basic accounting, revenue is recorded when product is hipped or service provided.
Transactions are recorded when cash is received or paid . Revenues are recorded when cash is received. Expenses are recorded when cash is paid.
Under accrual accounting, cash transactions are recorded as well as noncash transactions such as: Purchases of inventory on account Sales on account Depreciation expense Accrual of expenses incurred but not yet paid Usage of prepaid rent, insurance, and supplies
Assets =Liabilities + Owner’s equity
Accounting Байду номын сангаасlement :
Asset Liability Owner’s equity Revenue Expense Profit
Accrual vs Cash Accounting
Accrual Accounting权责发生制.
Similarly, accrual basis accounting requires expenses be recorded in the period in which the related revenues were recognized. Accrual basis accounting differs from cash basis accounting, where revenue and expense are recorded when cash is received or paid.
Time-Period Concept.会计期间
The time-period concept ensures that accounting information is reported at regular intervals. Basic accounting period is 1 year A fiscal year ends on a date other than December 31.Interim financial statements are usually prepared for periods such as a month, a quarter, or semiannual period.
Classified Balance Sheet
Current assets Long-term assets Current liabilities Long-term liabilities
Formats for Financial Statements
Balance sheet formats -----Report format -----Account format Income statement formats -----Single-step income statement -----Multi-step income statement
财务会计英语
General Introduction To Financial Accounting To begin with ,we’d like to make a general introduction to the essentials of accounting .Thus , accounting elements ,accounting equation ,T account and double-entry system The ledger and chart of accounts ,journalizing and posting are introduced in this passage .The purpose of this age is to pave the way for the study of this course.
常用会计科目的英文名称
1.资产类科目Assets
现金：Cash and cash equivalents 银行存款：Bank deposit 应收账款：Account receivable 应收票据：Notes receivable 应收股利：Dividend receivable 应收利息：Interest receivable 其他应收款：Other receivables 原材料：Raw materials 在途物资：Materials in transport 库存商品：inventory 存货跌价准备：rovision fort he decline in value of inventories 坏账准备：Bad debt provision 待摊费用：Prepaid expense