广西医科大学内科学(血液内科)2019年考博真题试卷

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广西医科大学病理生理学2012--2013,2016--2019年考博真题

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广西医科大学
2016年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：病理生理学注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。一、名词解释 1.应激原 2.肝性脑病 3.循环性缺氧 4.DIC 5.真性分流二、简答题 1.钙超载在缺血再灌注损伤的机制。 2.休克初期腹腔及皮肤血管收缩的机制。 3.肺通气血流不足、弥散障碍引起呼吸衰竭的病因和机制，血气变化？三、问答题 1.右心衰竭体循环淤血的临床表现和机制。 2.自由基在缺血再灌注损伤的机制。 3.滤过分数？何时升高？如何致水钠潴留？
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广西医科大学
2013年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：病理生理学注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。一、名词解释（共5个）： 1.钙超载 2.尿毒症 3.水中毒 4.混合性酸碱平衡紊乱 5.外源性致热源二、简答题（共3个小题）： 1.低渗性脱水尿量有何改变？ 2.慢性肾功能衰竭时钾离子有何代谢紊乱？ 3.酸中毒对心泵功能的影响是什么？三、论述题（共3个小题）： 1.输入大量库存血所致缺氧与贫血性缺氧机制有何不同。 2.心脏衰竭时机体如何代偿及其代偿的调控机制。 3.DIC血液高凝的机制。
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广西医科大学
2018年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：病理生理学注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释（3分*5题） 1，组织性缺氧在组织供氧正常的情况下，由各种原因引起的组织利用氧的能力降低所致的缺氧，称为组织性缺氧。 2，心源性休克大面积急性心肌梗死，急性心肌炎，心脏压塞及严重的心律紊乱（房颤或室颤），引起的心排血量急剧减少，有效循环血量和灌流量显著下降，称为心源性休克。 3，晶体渗透压 4，脱水热 5，慢性肾功能衰竭

哈尔滨医科大学内科学(心血管病)心内科2019年考博真题试卷

医学考博真题试卷

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哈尔滨医科大学
2019年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：内科学（心血管病）
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释
1. IVUS/OCT
2. X综合征
3.缩窄性心包炎
4.弛张热
5.大炮音
二、简答题
1.巨幼细胞贫血是什么，血象特点
问一：最常见的疾病（4种），下一步询问哪些病史，应该给与做哪些检查。
问二：最先应该做的检查是什么？应该在多长时间内完成？
问三：如果心电图相邻2个导联ST段弓背向上抬高治疗？
问四：如果ST段压低如何诊治
问五：心电图正常应该如何诊治？
2.浆膜腔积液形成的原因
3.胸膜腔穿刺后的注意事项
4.什么是POCT,用于什么
5.甲亢面容
6.低氧血症的分类及标准
7.什么是体重指数，WHO标准是什么
8.低氧血症的分类及标准
三、论述题
1.房颤的分类和治疗原则
2. ACS抗栓、溶栓药物的种类，作用靶点
3.意识障碍的分类及表现
四、应用题
男性，48岁，情绪激动后突发心前区疼痛40分钟。

2013医学考博试题 4

2013广西医科大学内科博士考题，选择题：30分，都是临床的一些常见问题，难度不太大，估计至少能拿25分简答题：30分1.呼吸暂停综合征的定义及分型；2.上消化道出血的定义；3.心梗溶栓再通的指征；4.负反馈调节的机制，举例说明；5.小细胞低色素贫血有哪些。

论述题（内分泌专业）：40分1.病例分析（10分），给出一个病例（，难道不大应该是库欣）（1）诊断和鉴别诊断（2）要做哪些检查进行鉴别2.降糖药肠促胰素的分类和机制（15分）3.妊娠甲亢的治疗原则。

广西医科大学病理生理学博士考题，希望对来年报考的同学有帮助！一、名词解释（共5个）：钙超载、尿毒症、水中毒、混合性酸碱平衡紊乱、外源性致热源二、简答题（共3个小题）：1.低渗性脱水尿量有何改变？2.慢性肾功能衰竭时钾离子有何代谢紊乱？3.还有一题考完了之后一下子脑子短路想不起来了，等我想起来再补上三、论述题（共3个小题）：1.输入大量库存血所致缺氧与贫血性缺氧机制有何不同；2.心脏衰竭时机体如何代偿及其代偿的调控机制；3.DIC血液高凝的机制2013年广西医科大学基础医学院医学生物化学与分子生物学一名词解释1.蛋白质的二级结构2.启动子3.Klenow fragment4.内含子5.外显子6管家基因7顺式作用元件8蛋白伴侣9？10?二简答1真核生物RNA聚合酶的种类和功能？2大肠杆菌表达系统的条件3癌基因激活的方式？4简述酶的温度调节。

三讨论1蛋白质分离纯化的种类和原理2关于三羧酸循环和尿素循环的关联性？为什么说尿素循环的氮原子都直接或间接来源于体内的氨基酸？2013年广西医科大学病理学试题一、名词解释10 *3分：化生，肿瘤的异质性，围管浸润，炎性假瘤，机化，动脉瘤，肾病综合征，早期胃癌，R eed-Sternberg cell，infarction二、简答题4*5分1、一期愈合、二期愈合的主要区别？如何获得一期愈合？2、食管癌浸润性生长可引起哪些后果？3、炎症时血管通透性升高的发生机制。

2019年《内科学》试卷及答案解析180题

2019年内科特训试卷1.【A1型题】类风湿关节炎治疗的目的不包括A. 控制关节疼痛B. 防止关节破坏C. 保护关节功能D. 提高患者的生活质量E. 彻底治愈疾病2.【A1型题】下列是急性肾功能不全紧急透析指征的是A. 无尿2日以上B. 血肌酐大于442μmol/LC. 难以控制的高血压D. 血钾6.4mmol/L，心电图正常E. 血钾7.0mmol/L，伴有高钾血症的心电图改变3.【A1型题】目前诊断慢性胃炎最可靠的方法是A. X线钡餐检查B. 血清胃泌素测定C. 胃镜检查加活检D. 胃酸测定E. 血清抗壁细胞抗体测定4.【A1型题】肝硬化患者出现血性腹水，但无腹痛及发热，应首先考虑的合并症是A. 腹膜炎B. 肝肾综合征C. 原发性肝癌D. 门静脉血栓形成E. 结核性腹膜炎5.【A1型题】心肌损伤的心电图特征性表现是A. ST段弓背型抬高B. T波倒置C. ST段下斜型压低D. 病理性Q波E. ST-T鱼钩样压低6.【A1型题】抗甲状腺药物维持期复查血清甲状腺激素水平的时间是A. 每4周B. 每6周C. 每2个月D. 每4个月E. 每6个月7.【A1型题】关于系统性红斑狼疮激素治疗的说法正确的是A. 激素治疗的同时应该给予补钙治疗B. 激素治疗控制病情后可逐渐减量直至停药C. 为避免骨质疏松，可以让患者经常晒太阳D. 激素减量应该先慢后快E. 激素治疗可能诱发或加重感染，治疗时应预防性应用抗菌药物8.【A1型题】使用无菌容器正确的操作是A. 盖的内面朝下，以便放置稳定B. 手抓边缘，以便持物牢靠C. 容器内无菌物品取出后，未污染物品可放回D. 开盖30min内盖好，以防污染E. 手指不可触及容器内面及边缘，盖内面朝上9.【A1型题】用平车护送伤寒患者摄片，正确的方法是A. 患者更换清洁衣裤后，卧于平车上B. 协助患者直接卧于平车上C. 将患者床单铺在平车上，协助其卧上D. 铺清洁大单于平车上，协助其卧上E. 协助患者卧于平车上后，再盖上一条清洁大单10.【A1型题】关于IgA肾病，下述选项正确的是A. 血清IgA水平均增高B. 已被国际上公认为最常见的肾小球疾病之一C. 皮肤活检均可见IgA沉积D. 根据临床表现即可诊断E. 肾小球系膜细胞弥漫增殖11.【A1型题】血管内溶血的常用主要诊断依据是A. 网织红细胞的百分比及绝对值均增高B. 高（非结合）胆红素血症C. 血红蛋白尿及含铁血黄素尿D. 红细胞寿命缩短E. 尿隐血阳性12.【A1型题】常用于内分泌功能减退的动态功能试验是A. 兴奋试验B. 抑制试验C. 激发试验D. 拮抗试验E. 负荷试验13.【A1型题】诊断感染性心内膜炎最重要的检查是A. 超声心动图B. X线检查C. 免疫学检查D. 心电图E. 血培养14.【A1型题】异常肺泡呼吸音不包括A. 肺泡呼吸音减弱B. 肺泡呼吸音增强C. 粗糙性呼吸音D. 呼气期延长E. 湿啰音15.【A1型题】下列心律失常在风湿性二尖瓣狭窄中常见的是A. 室上性心动过速B. 房室传导阻滞C. 房性早搏D. 心房颤动E. 室性期前收缩16.【A1型题】急性心肌梗死心电图检查显示Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联出现异常Q波，ST段抬高，梗死部位在A. 前间壁B. 前壁C. 广泛前壁D. 前侧壁E. 下壁17.【A1型题】较为可靠的反映贫血程度的检查部位是A. 耳轮皮肤B. 面颊，皮肤黏膜C. 颈部皮肤及舌面D. 睑结膜，指甲，口唇E. 手背皮肤及口腔黏膜18.【A1型题】关于改善病情抗风湿药的应用下列说法错误的是A. 多数药物起效较慢，急性期需要联合应用非甾体抗炎药B. 有预后不良因素者应早期联合应用改善病情抗风湿药C. 生物制剂起效快，不属于改善病情抗风湿药D. 使用过程中需要监测药物不良反应E. 可以改善和延缓病情进展19.【A1型题】鉴别心肌梗死与心绞痛最有意义的心电图改变是A. ST段抬高B. T波倒置C. 病理性Q波D. 冠状T波E. ST段降低20.【A1型题】慢性肝性脑病时，饮食治疗的原则是A. 高优质蛋白饮食B. 低盐、低脂饮食C. 高糖饮食D. 无需禁食E. 低糖饮食21.【A1型题】阿米巴痢疾的确诊有赖于A. 腹痛，腹泻，全身症状轻，抗菌药物治疗无效B. 大便镜检有红白细胞及夏-雷结晶C. 暗红色果酱样大便D. 大便中发现阿米巴滋养体E. 灭滴灵治疗后腹泻好转22.【A1型题】肾病综合征并发感染防治正确的是A. 必须预防应用抗生素预防感染B. 应选用广谱抗生素C. 尽快去除明确感染灶D. 免疫增强剂可预防感染E. 因治疗原发病不可停用激素23.【A1型题】缺血性心脏病最常见的病因是A. 主动脉狭窄B. 心肌肥厚C. 严重贫血D. 冠状动脉粥样硬化E. 主动脉瓣关闭不全24.【A1型题】产生各种贫血症状的基本机制是A. 贫血引起中枢神经功能障碍B. 贫血引起胃肠功能紊乱C. 红细胞减少引起输氧功能降低，导致各脏器组织缺氧D. 贫血引起心血管功能障碍E. 贫血引起呼吸功能障碍25.【A1型题】下列疾病中脾切除疗效最好的是A. 海洋性贫血B. 遗传性球形红细胞增多症C. 自身免疫性溶血性贫血D. 红细胞葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶缺乏症E. 再生障碍性贫血26.【A1型题】慢性肺源性心脏病失代偿期最常见的心律失常是A. 房性早搏B. 室性早搏C. 心房颤动D. 室上性心律失常E. 室性心律失常27.【A1型题】出血坏死型胰腺炎的早期治疗药物可使用A. 胰岛素B. 止血剂静滴C. 胰酶抑制剂静滴D. 升压药E. 利尿剂28.【A1型题】以下是关于尿路感染时实验室检查的描述，错误的一项是A. 尿沉渣内白细胞多显著增加，常有脓尿B. 白细胞管型有助于肾盂肾炎的诊断C. 急性肾盂肾炎的患者可有血白细胞升高并有中性粒细胞核左移D. 尿沉渣中不会出现红细胞E. 尿中可出现少量蛋白29.【A1型题】与尿路感染相关的机体抗病能力错误的是A. 尿液冲刷绝大部分细菌B. 尿中Hamm-Horsfall蛋白促进细菌黏附于尿路上皮C. 尿中免疫球蛋白能够杀伤细菌D. 膀胱表面的黏多糖阻止细菌黏附E. 尿液pH低，不利于细菌生长30.【A1型题】硝酸异山梨酯的主要作用是A. 解除冠状动脉痉挛B. 抗血小板凝聚，改善冠脉供血和微循环灌注C. 扩张冠状动脉及外周静脉，降低心脏前负荷，减少心肌氧耗D. 减弱心肌收缩力，减慢心率，减少心肌氧耗E. 使钾离子进入细胞内，促进细胞膜极化状态的恢复31.【A1型题】急性胰腺炎时，下列关于实验室检查描述正确的是A. 多有白细胞增多及中性粒细胞核右移B. 血清淀粉酶超过正常值4倍可确诊C. 尿淀粉酶持续升高2～4周D. 血清淀粉酶多在起病后24～72小时开始上升E. CRP有助于评估与监测急性胰腺炎的严重性32.【A1型题】中老年肾病综合征常见病理类型是A. 微小病变型肾病B. 系膜增生性肾小球肾炎C. 膜性肾病肾小球肾炎D. 系膜毛细血管性肾小球肾炎E. 局灶性节段性肾小球肾炎33.【A1型题】在胆道疾病引起的慢性胰腺炎中，最多见的是A. 胆囊炎B. 胆道蛔虫C. 胆囊结石D. 胆管结石E. 胆道狭窄34.【A1型题】早期原发性肝癌直径为1～2cm，诊断率最高的检查是A. 选择性肝动脉造影B. AFP测定C. 放射性核素扫描D. B型超声检查E. CT检查35.【A1型题】氮质血症期的血肌酐值为A. 小于133μmol/LB. 大于707μmol/LC. 134～442μmol/LD. 134～560μmol/LE. 451～707μmol/L36.【A1型题】下列有关人禽流感的叙述，错误的是A. 由禽流感病毒引起B. 也可感染其他哺乳动物C. 12岁以下儿童多见D. 主要表现有高热、咳嗽、呼吸困难E. 预后极差37.【A1型题】下列有关流行性出血热多尿期的叙述，错误的是A. 一般出现在病程的第9～14日B. 血中BUN和Cr开始下降C. 多尿早期尿毒症症状加重D. 每日尿量可多达15000mLE. 可发生休克38.【A1型题】慢性肺心病早期诊断的主要依据是A. 肺气肿征象B. 肺动脉高压征象C. 右心衰竭体征D. 反复咳嗽、咳痰病史E. 心悸、气促症状39.【A1型题】传染性非典型肺炎的病原体是A. 新的冠状病毒B. 新的腺病毒C. 肺炎衣原体D. 支原体E. 病因尚不清楚40.【A1型题】结核菌素试验强阳性结果应为A. 红晕直径≥15mmB. 硬结直径≥20mmC. 硬结直径≥10mmD. 硬结直径≥12mmE. 红晕直径≥20mm41.【A1型题】血行播散型肺结核起病的特点是A. 低热、关节痛B. 乏力C. 盗汗、胸闷D. 消瘦、体重下降明显E. 起病急，有高热等中毒症状42.【A1型题】一慢性呼吸衰竭急性发作患者，经综合治疗后效果不好，呼吸浅慢，有时呼吸暂停，须使用人工呼吸机，宜选用何种通气模式A. 气道压力释放通气模式（APRV）B. 容量控制通气模式（IPPV-VC）C. 压力控制通气模式（IPPV-PC）D. 同步间歇指令通气模式（SIMV）E. 压力支持通气模式（PSV）43.【A1型题】再生障碍性贫血最易与下列哪种疾病混淆A. 白细胞减少性白血病B. 特发性血小板减少性紫癜C. 阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿D. 脾功能亢进E. 骨髓纤维化症44.【A1型题】急性溶血最开始的症状是A. 寒战、高热、腰痛B. 血红蛋白尿C. 休克D. 昏迷E. 肾衰竭45.【A1型题】库欣（Cushing）综合征中最常见类型为A. 肾上腺皮质腺瘤B. 肾上腺皮质癌C. Cushing病D. 异位ACTH综合征E. Meador综合征46.【A1型题】在类风湿关节炎的临床特征中，下列哪一项不符合A. 远端指间关节肿痛B. 近端指间关节肿痛C. 四肢关节对称性肿痛D. 掌指关节肿痛E. 腕关节肿痛47.【A1型题】对“冠心病”诊断最有价值的检查是A. 胸透B. 心脏平片C. 心电图D. 超声心动图E. 选择性冠状动脉造影48.【A1型题】不符合慢性粒细胞白血病的是A. 白细胞总数显著增高B. 骨髓内粒细胞系各阶段均明显增多，原粒细胞＞30%C. 粒细胞核浆发育不平衡D. 嗜碱性和嗜酸性粒细胞增多E. 晚期可发生急性变49.【A1型题】有关研究对象的选择，不正确的说法是A. 样本要能代表目标人群B. 必须符合公认的诊断标准C. 采用随机抽样D. 要有严格的排除标准E. 样本不足，易造成假阳性结果50.【A1型题】违反《药品管理法》的药品生产、经营、使用企业或个人，应受法律制裁，承担法律责任包括A. 行政责任、民事责任、刑事责任B. 行政责任C. 民事责任、刑事责任D. 刑事责任E. 行政责任、民事责任51.【A1型题】《中华人民共和国药品管理法》明确规定，处方药不得在A. 医疗期刊上发布广告B. 药学期刊上发布广告C. 健康报上发布广告D. 医药报上发布广告E. 大众传播媒介上发布广告52.【A1型题】《传染病防治法》规定的甲类传染病是指A. 鼠疫、霍乱B. 鼠疫、传染性非典型肺炎C. 霍乱、传染性非典型肺炎D. 传染性非典型肺炎、人感染高致病性禽流感E. 流行性出血热、艾滋病53.【A1型题】医疗机构对麻醉药品和精神药品处方保管分别至少A. 一年和两年B. 两年和一年C. 三年和两年D. 两年和三年E. 五年和三年54.【A1型题】《药品管理法》规定医疗机构配制的制剂应当是本单位A. 临床需要而市场上没有供应的品种B. 临床、科研需要而市场上没有的品种C. 临床需要而市场上没有供应或供应不足的品种D. 临床、科研需要而市场上无供应或供应不足的品种E. 临床需要的品种55.【A1型题】某病人被确诊为乳腺癌，以下哪一项是其最易出现的情绪反应A. 否认B. 精神失常C. 休克D. 抑郁E. 接受56.【A1型题】医患交往的原则有A. 平等、尊重、诚信、有利患者健康B. 热情、体贴、参与C. 平等、理解、爱护D. 保密、同情、协商E. 以上均是57.【A1型题】关于医患交谈的技巧正确的是A. 医生应该以“说”为主B. “听”的过程不重要，因为病人经常说谎C. 在医患交流中，“听”往往比说更重要D. 病人向医务人员“倾诉”有可能增加心理紧张E. 以上均错58.【A1型题】体现医师克己美德的做法是A. 风险大的治疗尽量推给别人B. 点名手术无论大小能做多少就做多少C. 只要是对病人有利的要求有求必应D. 只要是病人的要求有求必应E. 对病人有利而又无损自我利益的才去做59.【A1型题】下列不属于公益论原则的是A. 人人享有最基本的医疗权利B. 当发生个体利益与群体利益矛盾时，以群体利益为重C. 当发生局部利益与整体利益矛盾时，以整体利益为重D. 当发生眼前利益与长远利益矛盾时，以长远利益为重E. 当发生个人与社会之间的矛盾时，以社会利益为重60.【A2型题】男性，68岁。

广西医科大学内科学(呼吸内科)2018年考博真题试卷

广西医科大学
医学考博真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
广西医科大学
2018年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：内科学（呼吸内科）
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
公共部分：（60分）
第1页共1页
一、单选题（1*30分）主要集中的方向有，呼吸5题，心内8题，消化6题，内分泌5题，血液4题，肾内3题难度不大，都是书本上的常见知识点二、简答题（6*5=30分） 1,简述耐药性肺结核的治疗原则 2,主动脉夹层的临床分型 3,急性胰腺炎与那些疾病鉴别 4,糖尿病酮症酸中毒的治疗原则 5,形态学上表现为小细胞低色素性贫血的疾病有哪些？专业方向：（40分） 1、病例分析题，慢阻肺患者咳嗽后胸痛，气胸的诊治等 2、肺癌的检查手段 3、支气管哮喘的诊断标准
第1页共1页

广西医科大学内科学(心内科)2019年考博真题试卷

3.原发性肝癌的的并发症
4.小细胞低色素性贫血包括哪些
5.糖尿病高血糖急性慢性并发症
专业题
心内科:
1.什么是顽固性高血压，原因包括？最新的非药物治疗进展？疗效和风险评估？
2.心源性猝死定义？病因？预防？
广西医科大学
医学考博真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
广西医科大学
2019年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：内科学（心内科）
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ方一律不给分。
公共课题：
一、30题单选，涉及各个内科系统的比较典型的疾病
二、简答题:
1.肺结核的化疗选择和阶段
2.UA的治疗原则

南方医科大学内科学(血液病)2014,2018年考博真题

第一部分内科学总论28分
一、名词解释5选4每题3分
1.伴瘤内分泌综合症
2.医院获得性肺炎
3.代谢综合症
4.心脏射频消融术
5.早期胃癌
二、简答题3选2每题8分
1.糖尿病的慢性并发症有哪些？
2.非ST抬高性心肌梗死与ST抬高性心肌梗死的临床诊断
3.ARDS的临床诊断
第二部分血液病学共78分
一、简答题
1.单倍体核型以及其意义、
Hale Waihona Puke 2.血管内溶血以及病因、3.BALL移植后复发的综合治疗措施、
4.何为单倍体移植以及供者选择原则
二、问答题
1.MRD、常用方法、敏感性差异以及其意义；
2.病例分析，初诊老年M5合并FLT3-ITD阳性病人的综合治疗方案
医学考博
历年真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
南方医科大学
2014年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：内科学（血液病）
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
南方医科大学
2018年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：内科学（血液病）
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。

2019-2019学年一学期临床内科学期末考试试卷(A卷)(4)精品文档38页

命题人审核人教学学院领导督学济宁医学院2011-2012学年一学期《临床内科学》本科试卷(第(A卷))（供2006级临床使用）题号一二三四五总分分数阅卷人漏答。

查对无误后，请先填写学号、姓名、专业，再答卷。

一、病例分析（4小题，共40分）1．女性患者，23岁，发烧、乏力、盗汗，偶尔干咳1周。

下午体温37.3～38℃，无胸痛及气短，近2天咯血约10ml。

查体：BP110/70mmHg，P96次/分，R18次/分。

T38.0℃，咽充血，双肺无啰音，心脏无杂音，心率96次/分，律齐，肝脾无肿大。

血常规：WBC9.0×10/L，N70%，125%，Hb120g/L。

X光胸片：右肺上野淡片状影。

(1)该患最可能的诊断是什么?(至少2项)(2)为确诊下一步应做何项检查?(至少6项)2．男，50岁，因突发性心悸，胸闷3小时入院。

既往有高血压史3年，无风心病及冠心病史。

BP90/65mmHg，急性重病容，心律不齐，心率200次/分，心电图示QRS宽大畸形，心率200次/分，R-R间期不一致，请问：(1)最可能的诊断及其依据?推测患者静息心电图有何改变?(2)患者可能会发生什么危险?(3)给出合理的治疗?3．患者女性，54岁，13年前检查发现血糖高，不规则服用降糖药，血糖一直控制较差。

3年前反复出现双下肢浮肿。

1月前浮肿加重，伴有头昏、乏力。

无胸闷、胸痛及气促。

1周前在当地医院诊治，病情无明显好转而转入我院。

既往无高血压及肝炎等病史。

查体：T 6.5℃，R18次/分，P85次/分，BP138/85mmHg。

神清，轻度贫血外貌。

颈静脉无怒张。

浅表淋巴结未触及。

两肺呼吸音清，未闻及明显啰音。

心界无明显扩大，HR85次/分，律齐，未闻及明显杂音。

腹平软，肝脾未触及，肝-颈静脉回流征阴性，移动性浊音阴性，肾区无叩击痛。

双下肢重度浮肿。

辅助检查：空腹血糖8.5mmol/L，血常规示WBC5.0×109，RBC3.3×1012，Hb95g/L。

考博内科真题多校多年

2005年协和血液考博题一.名词解释：1．APS2．W AS3．HES4．TPO5．ALIP6．MALT7．VOD8．ALCL9．PRCA10.?二.填空:传单分型Vk依赖的凝血因子CD34受体MYH-9高雪病朗格罕组织细胞病遗传性毛细血管扩张症基因遗传性球形红细胞增多症基因三.简答题ALL预后分组反应停治疗MM机理ITP治疗?四.论述题TTP发病机理AIHA治疗M5治疗协和医科大学2005年血液内科（博士）一、名词解释（30分）：APS、W AS、PRCA、HES、ALIP、LGLL、VOD、PV、TPO、MALT二、填空（？分记不清了）1.已发现与遗传性出血性毛细血管扩张症相关的基因有（）（）（）（）。

2.WHO将MDS分为（）（）（）（）（）（）（）七类。

3.先天性再生障碍性贫血包括（）（）（）。

4.遗传球主要的分子病变涉及（）（）（）（）。

5.EPO在胚胎期由（）合成，成体则主要由（）合成。

6.WHO关于伴有重现性细胞遗传学异常的AML分类为（）（）（）（）。

7.国际多发性骨髓瘤工作组在MM新的分期标准中采用的两项客观指标为（）（）。

8.国际组织细胞协会将langerhans细胞组织细胞增多症分为单系统疾病和多系统疾病。

其中单系统疾病中的单部位型有（）（）（），多部位型有（）（）。

9.诊断幼年型粒单细胞白血病的最低实验室标准有（）（）（）。

10.MYH-9相关性疾病包括（）（）（）（）（）。

11.VitK依赖的凝/抗凝因子包括（）（）（）（）（）（）（）。

12.Gaucher病分为（）（）（），Nieman-Pick病A/B型为（）缺乏所致，C型为（）缺乏所致。

13.Downey将传单患者异型淋巴分为（）（）（）。

14.B淋巴细胞在发育过程中首先表达的免疫球蛋白为（），其次为（）。

15.CD34基因在染色体体定位为（），相应的受体为（）。

16.Hodgdin's病的四种病理亚型为（）（）（）（）。

医学考博2019真题

Listening ：无Vocabulary ：Section A31. According to the Geneva ______no prisoners of war shall be subject to abuse.A. CustomsB. CongressesC. ConventionsD. Routines 32. Environmental officials insist that something be done to ______acid rain.A. curbB. sueC. detoxifyD. condemn33. It is impossible to say how it will take place, because it will happen______, and itwill not be a long process.A. spontaneouslyB. simultaneouslyC. principallyD. approximately34. Diabetes is one of the most______ and potentially dangerous disease in the world.A. crucialB. virulentC. colossalD. prevalent35. Rheumatologist advises that those with ongoing aches and pains first seek medicalhelp to ______the problem.A. affiliateB. alleviateC. aggravateD. accelerate36. How is it possible that such______ deception has come to take place right underour noses?A. obviousB. significantC. necessaryD. widespread37. Now a paper in Science argues that organic chemicals in the rock come mostly from______on earth rather than bacteria on Mars.A. configurationB. constitutionC. condemnationD. contamination38. Chronic high-dose intake of vitamin A has been shown to have ______effects onbones.A. adverseB. prevalentC. instantD. purposeful39. Generally, vaccine makers _____ the virus in fertilized chicken eggs in a processthat can take four to six months.A. penetrateB. designateC. generateD. exaggerate40. We are much quicker to respond, and we respond far too quickly by giving ______to our anger.A. ventB. impulseC. temperD. offenceSection B41. The patient's condition has worsened since last night.A. improvedB. returnedC. deterioratedD. changed42. Beijing Television-Station Transmitting Tower really looks magnificent at nightwhen it ’s lit up.A. decoratedB. illustratedC. illuminatedD. entertained43. Attempts to restrict parking in the city centre have further aggravated the problemof traffic congestion.A. amelioratedB. aggregatedC. deterioratedD. duplicated44. The applications of genetic engineering are abundant and choosing oneappropriate for this case can be rather difficult.A. sufficientB. plentifulC. adequateD. countable45. The defect occurs in the first eight weeks of pregnancy, though no one understandswhy.A. deficitB. deviationC. draw backD. discrepancy46. He has been on hormone alternate therapy for four years and looks fantastic.A. successorB. replacementC. surrogateD. choice47. It had over 2,000 apartment complexes, a great market, a large number ofindustrial workshops, an administrative center, a number of massive religious edifices,and a regular grid pattern of streets and buildings.A. ancientB. carefullyC. very largeD. carefully protected48. When patients spend extended periods in hospital, they tend to become overlydependent and lose interest in taking care of themselves.A. extremelyB. exclusivelyC. exactlyD. explicitly49. The anxious parent was vigilant over the injured child in spite of a full array ofemergency room of doctors and nurses.A. preoccupiedB. unwaryC. watchfulD. dozing50. The doctor vacillated so frequently on disease-preventiontechniques that hiscolleagues accused him of inconsistency.A. waveredB. instigatedC. experimentedD. reliedClozeWe spend a lot of time looking at the eyes of others for social 51 —it helpsus understand a person ’emotions, and make decisions about how to respond to them. We also know that adults avoid eye contact when anxious. But researchers have knownfar 52 about eye gazing patterns in children.According to new research by Kalina Michalska, assistant professor of psychologyat the University of California, Riverside, we now, know that anxious children tend toavoid making eye contact, and this has consequences for how they experience fear. The53 and less frequently they look at the eyes of others, the more likely they are to beafraid of them, even when there may be no reason to be. Her study, “Anxiety Sympand Children's Eye Gaze During Fear Leaming”w,as published in the journal TheJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry."Looking at someone ’s eyes helps us understand whether a person is feeling sad, angry, fearful, or surprised. As adults, we then make decisions about how to respondand what to do next. But, we know much less about eye patterns in children —so,understanding those patterns can help us learn more about the development of sociallearning, ”Michalska said.Michalska and the team of researchersshowed 82 children, 9 to 13 years old,images of two women ’s faces on a computer screen. The computer was equipped withan eye tracking device that allowed them to measure54 on the screen children werelooking, and for how long. The participants were originally shown each of the twowomen a total of four times. Next, one of the images was55 with a loud scream anda fearful expression, and the other one was not. At the end, children saw both facesagain without any sound or scream.The following three conclusions can be drawn from the study:1. All children spent more time looking at the eyes of a face that was paired withthe loud scream t han the face that was not paired with the scream, 56 they payattention to potential threats even in the absence of outward cues.2. Children who were more anxious avoided eye contact during all three phases of the experiment, for both kinds of faces. This had consequences for how afraid they wereof the faces.3. The more children avoided eye conta；cthe more afraid they were 57 the faces.The conclusions suggest that children spend more time looking at the eyes of aface when previously paired with something frightening suggesting they pay moreattention to potentially threatening information as a way to learn more about thesituation and plan what to do next.However, anxious children tend to avoid making eye contact, which leads togreater 58 experience. Even though avoiding eye contact may reduce anxiety59 , the study finds that — over time — children may be m i s s6i n0g_ o i m u p t ortantsocial information. This includes that a person may no longer be threatening or scary,and yet the child continues feeling fearful of that person.51. A. environment B. cues C. relations D. answers52. A. less B. more C. enough D. beyond53. A. longer B. more anxious C. shorter D. more54. A. where B. when C. how D. what55. A. followed B. recorded C. paired D. marked56. A. suggest B. suggesting C. suggests D. being suggested57. A. to B. of C.at D. about58. A. fear B. surprise C. sad D. angry59. A. in the long run B. for a long timeC. in the short timeD. in a long time60. A. with B. without C. of D. onReading ComprehensionPassage OneThe British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parentsduring the sensitive “attachment p”e riod from birth to three may scar a child ’s personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life.Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby' s work that children shouldnot be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separationit entails, and many people do believe this. It has been argued that an infant under threewho is cared for outside the home may suffer because of the separation from his parents. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.But traditional societies are so different from modem societies that comparisonsbased on just one factor are hard to interpret. Firstly, anthropologists point out that theinsulated love affair between children and parents found in modem societies does notusually exist in traditional societies. For example, in some tribal societies, such as theNgoni, the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone —far from i Certainty, Bowlby ’s analysis raises the possibilities that early day care had delayedeffects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime15 or 20 years later can only explored by the use of statistics. However, statisticalstudies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the resultswould certainly be complicated and controversial. Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents, care-takers found children hadproblems with it. Thirdly, in the last decade, t here have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, and they have uniformly reported that care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on children ’s development.Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effectsdifficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parentsand show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children findthe transition to nursery eas，yand this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter, then, is far from clear-cut, though experienceand available evidence indicate early care is reasonable for infants.61. According to the passage, the consequence of parental separation________.A. still needs more statistical studiesB. has been found negative is more seriousC. is obviousD. in modem times62. The author thinks that John Bowlby ’s concern___________.A. is relevant and justifiableB. is too strong to RelieveC. is utterly groundlessD. has something that deserve our attention63. What ’s the result of American studies of children in day care in the last decade?A. The children ’s unhappiness and protest was due to the day care the children received.B. The bad effects of parental separation were hard to deal with.C. The effect of day care was not necessarily negative on children ’s development.D. Early care was reasonable for babies since it ’p sracti c ed by so many peoplenowadays.64. According to the passage, which of the following is probably a reason forparents to send their children under three to day care?A. They don ’t know about day care ’s negative effect.B. They are too busy to care fortheir children.C. They want their children to be independent as early as possible.D. They want to facilitate their children to adapt to nursery at the age of about three.65. What ’s the author ’s attitude to people who have drawn the conclusion fromBowlby’s work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age ofthree?A. He supports most of their belief because Bowlby's proposition is well-grounded.B. He is sympathetic for them, for he thinks they have been misled by Bowlby.C. He doesn't totally agree with them, since the long-term effect of day care still needsfurther study.D. He doesn't quite understand them, as they are contradictory in themselves.Passage TwoBy the end of this century, the average world temperature is expected to increasebetween one and four degrees, with widespread effects on rainfall, sea levels and animalhabitats. But in the Arctic, where the effects of climate change are most intense, the risein temperature could be twice as much.Understanding how Arctic warming will affect the people, animals, plant andmarine life and economic activity in Canada’N sort h are important to the country's future, says Kent Moore, an atmospheric physicist at University of Toronto Mississaugawho is participating in a long-term, international study of the marine ecosystem alongthe Beaufort Sea, from Alaska to the Mackenzie delta.The study will add to our knowledge of everything from the extent of sea ice inthe region to how fish stocks will change to which areas could become targets for oiland gas exploration to the impact on the indigenous people who call this part of thecountry home.Moore, who has worked in the Arctic for more than 20 years, says his research hasalready found that thinning sea ice and changes in wind patterns are causing animportant change in the marine food chain: phytoplankton（淳游植物） is blooming two to three weeks earlier. Manyanimals time their annual migration to the Arctic forwhen food is plentiful, and have not adapted to the earlier bloom. " ' Animals' behaviorcan evolve over a long time, but these climate changes are happening in the space of adecade, r ather than hundreds of years, ”says Moore, " Animals can't change theirbehavior that quickly. ”A warmer Arctic is expected to have important effects on human activity in theregion, as the Northwest Passage becomes navigable during the summer, and resourceextraction becomes more feasible. Information gained from the study will helpgovernment, industry and communities make decisions about resource management,economic development and environmental protection.Moore says the study — which involves Canadian, American and Europeanresearchersand government agencies will also use a novel technology to gatheratmospheric data: remotely piloted drones. "The drones have the capability of a largeresearch aircraft，and they ’re easier to deploy, ” he says, showing the researchers to gather information on a more regular basis than they would be able to with pilotedaircraft.66. By the end of this century, according to the author, global warming will ______.A. start to bring about extreme weather events to humans and animalsB. increase the average world temperature by four degreesC. cause more damages to the whole world than expectedD. affect the Arctic more than any other parts of the earth67. To help understand the destructive mechanism of Arctic warming, as indicatedby the passage, the international study ______.A. is conducted with every single discipline of University of TorontoB. pioneers in pursuing the widespread effects of climate changeC. involves so many countries for different investigationsD. is intended to deal with various aspects in research68. When he ways, “Animals can ’t change their behavior that quickly, ”what doesMoore mean by that quickly?A. The migration of the animals to the Arctic.B. The widespread effects of global warming.C. The rate of the climate change in the Arctic.D. The phytoplankton within the marine ecosystem.69. According to the author, to carry out proper human activities in theArctic______.A. becomes more difficult than ever beforeB. is likely to build a novel economy in the regionC. will surely lower the average world temperatureD. needs the research-based supporting information70. With the drones deployed, as Moore predicts, the researchers will _______.A. involve more collaborating countries than they do nowB. get more data to be required for their researchC. use more novel technologies in researchD. conduct their research at a regular basisPassage ThreeHaving too much caffeine during pregnancy may impair baby ’s liver development and increase the risk of liver disease in adulthood, according to a study published in theJournal of Endocrinology. Pregnant rats given caffeine had offspring with lower birth weights, altered growth and stress hormonelevels and impaired liver development. Thestudy findings indicate that consumption of caffeine equivalent to 2-3 cups of coffee may alter stress and growth hormone levels in a manner that can impair growth and development, and increase the risk of liver disease in adulthood.Previous studies have indicated that prenatal caffeine intake of 300 mg/day ormore in women, which is approximately 2 to 3 cups coffee per day, can result in lower birth weights of their children. Animalstudies have further suggestedthat prenatalcaffeine consumption may have more detrimental long-term effects on liverdevelopment with an increased susceptibility to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, adebilitating condition normally associated w ith obesity and diabetes. However, theunderlying link between prenatal caffeine exposure and impaired liver developmentremains poorly understood. A better understanding of how caffeine mediates theseeffects could help prevent these health issues in people in the future.In this study, Prof Hui Wang and colleagues at Wuhan University in China,investigated the effects of low (equivalent to 2-3 cups of coffee) and high dose(equivalent of 6-9 cups of coffee) caffeine, given to pregnant rats, on liver function andhormone levels of their offspring. Offspring exposed to prenatal caffeine had lower levels of the liver hormone, insulin likegrowth factor (IGF-1), and higher levels of thestress hormone, corticosteroid at birth. However, liver development after birth showed a compensatory 'catch up' phase, characterised by increased levels of IGF-1, which is important for growth.Dr. Yinxian Wen, study co-author, says, “Our results indicate that prenatal caffeine causes an excess of stress hormone activity in the mother, which inhibits IGF-1 activityfor liver development before birth. However, compensatory mechanisms do occur after birth to accelerate growth and restore normalliver function, as IGF-1 activity increasesand stress hormone signalling decreases. The increased risk of fatty liver disease causedby prenatal caffeine exposure is most likely a consequence of this enhanced,compensatory postnatal IGF-1 activity. ”These findings not only confirm that prenatal caffeine exposure leads to lowerbirth weight and impaired liver development before birth but also expand our currentunderstanding of the hormonal changes underlying these changes and suggest thepotential mechanism for increased risk of liver disease in the future. However, theseanimal findings need to be confirmed in humans.Dr. Wen comments, "Our work suggeststhat prenatal caffeine is not good for babies and although these findingsstill need to be confirmed in people, I wouldrecommend that women avoid caffeine during pregnancy."71. Which of the following is NOT the problem of baby rats of pregnant rats givencaffeine?A. Lower birth weight.B. Smaller stress.C. Liver development problem.D. Growth problem.72. If a pregnant woman takes 3 cups of coffee, what will probably happen?A. Her weight will get lower and lower.B. The weight of her baby will get lower and lower.C. She will suffer from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a long run.D. Her baby will be more vulnerable to obesity and diabetes because of liver problem.73. Which of following is not correct according to the passage?A. A better understanding of the relationship between caffeine and effects has beenachieved.B. 4-5 cups of coffee could be categorized as medium-dose intake.C. Liver development problem may be remedied after birth by increased growth factor.D. The study is mainly conducted on the rats instead of human.74. What is the relationship between stress hormone and liver development whentaking in prenatal caffeine?A. Lower stress hormone, lower birth weight before birth.B. Higher stress hormone, lower growth hormone before birth.C. Higher stress hormone, more accelerated growth of weight after birth.D. Lower stress hormone, less accelerated growth of liver after birth.75. What can be the best summary of the last paragraph?A. The research hasn ’t been done on humans so pregnant women can ignore the results.B. The compensatory mechanism for liver growth makes prenatal caffeine intake safe.C. Experts suggest pregnant women should still avoid caffeine.D. We have known enough about the hormone changes underlying the healthPassage FourThe bizarre antics of sleepwalkers have puzzled police, perplexed scientists, and fascinated writers for centuries. There is an endless supply of stories about sleepwalkers.Persons have been said to climb on steep roofs, solve mathematical problems, composemusic, walk through plate-glass windows, and commit murder in their sleepHow many of these stories have a basis in fact, and how many are pure fakery?No one knows, but if some of the most sensational stories should be taken with a barrelof salt, others are a matter of record.In Revere, Massachusetts, a hundred policemen combed a waterfrontneighborhood for a lost boy who left his home in his sleep and woke up five hours lateron a strange sofa in a strange living room, with no idea how he had got there.There is an early medical record of a somnambulist who wrote a novel in his sleep.And the great French writer V oltaire knew a sleepwalker who once got out of bed,dressed himself, made a polite bow, danced a minuet, and then undressed and went backto bed.At the University of Iowa, a student was reported to have the habit of getting upin the middle of the night and walking three-quarters of a mile to the Iowa River. He would take a swim and then go back tohis room to bed.The world's champion sleepwalker was supposed to have been an Indian, PanditRamrakha, who walked sixteen miles along a dangerous road without realizing that hehad left his bed. Second in line for the title is probably either a Vienna housewife or a British farmer. The woman did all her shopping on busy streets in her sleep. The farmer,in his sleep, visited a veterinarian miles away.The leading expert on sleep in America claims that he has never seen a sleepwalker.He is Dr. Nathaniel Kleitman, a physiologist at the University of Chicago. He is said toknow more about sleep than any other living man, and during the last thirty-five yearshad lost a lot of sleep watching people sleep. Says he, "Of course, I know that there are sleepwalkers becauseI have read about them in the newspapers. B ut none of mysleepers ever walked, and if I were to advertise for sleepwalkers for an experiment, Idoubt that I'd get many takers."Sleepwalking, nevertheless, is a scientific reality. Like hypnosis, it is one of thosedramatic, eerie, awe-inspiring phenomena that sometimes border on the fantastic. Itlends itself to controversy and misconceptions, what is certain about sleepwalking isthat it is a symptom of emotional disturbance, and that the only way to cure it is to remove the worries and anxieties that cause it. Doctors say that somnambulism is muchmore common than is generally supposed.Some have estimated that there are fourmillion somnambulists in the United States. Others set the figure even higher. Manysleepwalkers do not seek help and so are never put on record, which means that anaccurate count can never be made.The simplest explanation of sleepwalking is that it is the acting out of a vividdream. The dream usually comes from guilt, worry, nervousness, o r some otheremotional conflict. The classic sleepwalker is Shakespeare ’L asdy Macbeth. Hernightly wanderings were caused by her guilty conscience at having committed murder. Shakespeare said of her, “The eyes are open but their sense is shut. ”The age-old question is: Is the sleepwalker actually awake or asleep. Scientists have decided that he is about half-and-half. Like Lady Macbeth, he has weightyproblems on his mind. Dr. Zeida Teplitz, who made a ten-year study of the subject, says, “Some people stay awake all night worrying about t heir problems. The sleepwalker thrashes them out in his sleep. He is awake in the muscular area, partially asleep in the sensory area." In other words, a person can walk in his sleep, move around, and do other things, but he does not think about what he is doing.76. The second sentence in the second paragraph means that_________.A. no one knows, but certainly all the sleep walking stories have something incredibleB. the sleepwalking stories are like salt adding flavor to people ’s lifeC. sleepwalking stories that are most fantastic should be sorted out from ordinary storiesD. the most fantastic sleepwalking stories may be just fictions, yet there are stilltruthfully recorded stories77. ________was supposed to be the world's champion sleepwalker.A. The student habitually walked to the Iowa River and swam in his sleepB. The man danced a minuet in his sleepC. The man walker sixteen miles along a dangerous roadD. The boy walked five hours in his sleep78. Sleepwalking is the result of ______ according to the passage.A. emotional disorderB. a vivid dreamC. lack of sleep and great anxietyD. insanity79. Dr. Zeida Teplitz seemed to_________.A. agree that sleepwalking sometimes leads to dangerous actsB. conclude that sleepwalkers are awake in their sensory areaC. disagree with the belief that sleep walkers are immune to injuryD. think that sleepwalking can turn into madness80. The writer makes it obvious that_________.A. sleepwalkers are often awakened by dangersB. most sleepwalkers can find ways to avoid self-injuryC. it is important to find out the underlying cause of sleepwalkingD. sleepwalking is actually a kind of hypnosisPassage FiveBeyond the basic animal instincts to seek food and avoid pain, Freud identifiedtwo sources of psychic energy, which he called "drives ”: aggression and libido. The keto his theory is that these were unconscious drives, shaping our behavior without themediation of our waking minds; they surface, heavily disguised, only in our dreams.The work of the past half-century in psychology and neuroscience has been to downplaythe role of unconscious universal drives, focusing instead on rational processesinconscious life. But researchers have found evidence that Freud s drives really do exist,and they have their roots in the limbic system, a primitive part of the brain that operatesmostly below the horizon of consciousness.Now more commonly referred to as emotions, the modem suite of drives comprises five: rage, panic, separation distress,lust and a variation on libido sometimes called seeking.The seeking drive is proving a particularly fruitful subject for researchers.Although like the others it originates in the limbic system, it also involves parts of theforebrain, the seat of higher mental functions. In the 1980s, Jaak Panksepp, aneurobiologist at Bowling Green State University in Ohio, became interested in a placenear the cortex known as the ventraltegmental area, which in humans lies just abovethe hairline. When Panksepp stimulated the corresponding region in a mouse, theanimal would sniff the air and walk around, as though it were looking for something.Was it hungry? No. The mouse would walk right by a plate of food, or for that matterany other object Panksepp could think of. This brain tissue seemed to cause a generaldesire for something new. “What I was seeing, ” he says, “was the urge to do stuff.Panksepp called this seeking.To neuropsychologist Mark Solms of University College in London, that soundsvery much like libido. “Freud needed some sort of general, appetitive desire to seekpleasure in the world of objects, ” says Solms. "Panksepp discovered as a neuroscientist what Freud discovered psychologically. ” Solms studied the same region of the brain forhis work on dreams. Since the 1970s, neurologists have known that dreaming takesplace during a particular form of sleep known as REM — rapid eye movement — whichis associated with a primitive part of the brain known as the pons. Accordingly, they regarded dreaming as a low-level phenomenon of no great psychological interest. WhenSolms looked into it, though, it turned out that the key structure involved in dreaming was actually the ventral tegmental, the same structure that Panksepp had identified as the seat of the “”s e e m k i o n t g i o n. Dreams, it seemed, originate with the libid—o which is just what Freud had believed.Freud's psychological map may have been flawed in many ways, but it alsohappensto be the most coherent and, from the standpoint of individual experience,meaningful theory of the mind. “Freud should be placed in the same category as Darwin,who lived before the discovery of genes, ” says Panksepp. “Freud gave us a vision ofmental apparatus. We need to talk about it, develop it, test it. ” Perhaps it ’sof proving Freud wrong or right, but of finishing the job.。

中山大学内科学(心血管)2019年考博真题试卷

中山大学
医学考博真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
பைடு நூலகம்中山大学
2019年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：内科学（心血管）
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
必答题：每题10分
1肺栓塞临床分型
2干燥综合征腺体外表现
3肠结核和克罗恩的鉴别要点
4抗甲状腺药物使用疗程
5 70岁老年男性晕厥，作为管床医生1.需要评估的内容。2需要进行的检查（从最重要的开始）
6嗜酸性粒细胞增多症，列举继发性升高的原因。
7肾性贫血的机制。
专业题——心血管内科：30分
心内专业病例分析一份心悸时心电图（房颤）一份缓解时心电图（窦缓）一份动态（窦性停搏）综合以上出一份心电图报告。初步诊断进一步诊断及治疗方案（从最重要的开始）
病例分析，也是晕厥，还伴有心衰和冠心病给了三张心电图，分别是房颤、房速、窦缓，然后让写心电图诊断、临床诊断以及进一步诊疗计划。总之是一个综合了冠心病、心律失常和心力衰竭这三个大章节的一道题目，综合性很强

广西医科大学同等学力申硕真题内科学

广西医科大学同等学力申硕真题内科学1、免疫抑制疗法可用来治疗（E）.A.超敏反应B.自身免疫性疾病C.移植排斥D.炎症E.以上都可以2、可用糖皮质激素类药物治疗的是（B）.A.原发性血小板增多症B.急性淋巴细胞白血病C.慢性粒细胞白血病D.真性红细胞增多症E.骨质疏松3、有一病人两天前突然感冒，出现发热、寒战，呼吸困难，今天有咳嗽，疾为红色带铁锈样外观，叩诊肺有一大叶实变，该病人病变性质可能是（D）A.浆液性炎B.化旅性炎C.出血性炎D.纤维素性炎E.肺旅肿4、患儿，女，9个月，因面色不好就医，Hb110g/L.为了明确该要是否有体内储铁减少，哪项为最重要的试验检查？（D）A.铁饱和度B.血清铁测定C.总铁结合力测定D.铁蛋白测定E.血清叶酸量测定5、关于特发性血小板减少性紫藏（ITP）的概念，描述错误的是（C）.A.急性型ITP与感染因素有关B.血小板寿命缩短C.骨髓巨核细胞总数减少D.临床上是较常见的一种出血性疾病E.急性型ITP多见于儿童6、抗原是指能够刺激机体的免疫系统发生免疫应答进而（E）.A.产生致敏LC的物质B.产生抗体的物质C.与相应的抗体在体内外特异性结合的物质D.与相应的致敏LC在体内外特异性结合的物质E.产生抗体和（或）致敏LC，并与相应的抗体或致敏LC在体内外特异性结合的物质7、新生儿早期患呼吸道感染的可能原因是（D）A.补体成分缺陷B.先天免疫缺陷C.皮肤粘膜天然屏障差D.sIgA功能尚未成熟E.呼吸道发育不良8.Perthes试验的目的是（A）A.深静脉是否通畅B.检测交通静脉功能C.检测血供是否充足。

D.检测桡骨茎突是否病变E.检测大隐静脉与深静脉交通瓣膜功能9、急性阑尾炎患者，当腹痛尚未转移至右下腹时，在诊断上具有重要意义的是（E）A.便血B.有白细胞显著升高C.已有脐周压痛反跳痛D.脐区及右下腹具有压痛反跳痛E.压痛己固定在右下腹10、下述哪一项是神经症的特点？（B）A.具有鲜明的幻觉妄想症状B.病人对自己的病有相当的自知力C.具有可证实的器质性基础D.强烈的自杀意念并有自杀行为E.智能发育障碍11、患者4岁，消瘦，活动后有气急，心悸，查体：时于胸骨左缘第2肋间听到粗糙而响亮的连续性机器杂音，初步诊断为动脉导管未闭，该睛形首先可以引起下列哪一方面的改变（C）.A.左心房增大B.右心室增大C.肺动脉扩张D.左心室增大E.右心房增大12、关于6-疏基嘌吟的叙述，不正确的是（D）.A.抑制次黄嘌哈生成IMPB.抑制IMP生成AMPC.抑制IMP生成GMPD.抑制腺昔生成AMPE.抑制鸟膘吟生成GMP13、早产儿，人工眼养，出生后第5天出现黄迫，第7~8天达到高峰，持续到第3周才逐渐消退，最可能的是（B）.A.母乳性黄疸B.生理性黄疸C.肝细胞性黄疸D.胆道梗阻性黄疸E.溶血性黄疸D.胆道梗阻性黄疸E.溶血性黄疸14、卵巢纤维瘤伴胸腹水形成称为（C）A.MeniereB.DownC.MeigsD.CushingE.类癌综合征15、单向混合淋巴细胞反应试验的主要反应细胞是（C）A.巨噬细胞B.淋巴细胞C.T淋巴细胞D.NK细胞E.中性粒细胞16、风漫性疾病指（A）A.累及关节及周围软组织的一大类疾病B.病毒感染的一类疾病C.嗜酸粒细胞增多的一类疾病D.过敏性疾病E.血尿酸增高的一组疾病17、在心动周期中，心室血液的充盈主要取决于（B）A.心房收缩韵挤压作用B.心室舒张时的"抽吸"作用C.胸内负压促进静脉血回心D.重力作用促进血液进入心室E.骨酪肌的挤压作用促进静脉血回心18、治疗成人股骨头缺血性坏死，下述哪一项措施应特殊强调？（C）A.非留体类抗炎剂B.理疗C.减少负重D.高压氧E.扩血管药物19、给高热病人进行酒精擦浴降温是利用下述哪一项散热方式？（E）A.传导B.辐射C.对流D.不感蒸发E.蒸发20、关于一期愈合的下列叙述中正确的是（D）A.需大量肉芽组织填平伤口B.创面大、边缘不齐C.创面不洁易感染，炎症反应明显D.见于手术即时缝合的切口E.愈合时间长，形成较大疲痕21、引起小儿支气管肺炎脓胸的病原菌主要是（C）A.链球菌B.肺炎链球菌C.金黄色葡萄球菌D.革兰阴性杆菌E.厌氧菌22、首选以下哪项抢救廉痛持续状态的患者？（C ）A.苯妥英钠静脉注射B.苯巴比妥钠肌内注射C.地西洋静脉注射D.氯丙嗉肌内注射E.水合氯醛灌肠23、偏头痛的预防治疗药物是（C）A.咖啡因麦角胺B.英明格C.苯嚷啶D.小剂量阿司匹林E.吲躲美辛（消炎痛）24、患者，男，28岁，有不洁性交史和吸毒史，近半年来出现体重下降、腹泻、发热，反复出现口腔真菌感染，初诊为AIDS.确诊时需要参考下列哪项主要检测指标？（B）A.HIV相应的抗原B.HIV相应的抗体C.AIDS患者的补体D.HIV相关的CDg*细胞E.HIV相关的CD4*细胞25、女性，30岁，半年来肥胖，皮肤出现座疮、紫纹，化验血皮质醇增高，血糖增高，小剂量地塞米松抑制试验血皮质醇较对照低38%，大剂量地塞米松抑制试验血皮质醇较对照低78%，该患者最可能的诊断是（C）.A.肾上腺皮质腺瘤B.肾上腺皮质腺癌C.Cushing病D.异位ACTH综合征E.糖尿病26、根据《献血法》的规定，血站对献血者每次采集的血液量为（D）.A.100毫升：150毫升B.100毫升：200毫升C.200毫升：300毫升D.200毫升：400毫升E.300毫升：400毫升27、哪项是单纯性甲状腺肿的主要原因？（C）A.甲状腺合成障碍B.应用甲状腺抑制剂C.合成甲状腺素的原料碘缺乏D.甲状腺素分泌障碍E.需要甲状腺素量增加28、不是短效口服避孕药作用机制的是（C）A.使子宫内膜分泌不良B.抑制子宫内膜增殖变化C.影响精子获能D.改变宫颈黏液性状E.抑制排卵29、下列选项不符合缺铁性贫血的是（C）.A.血清铁蛋白减低B.血清铁减低C.总铁结合力减低D.转铁蛋白饱和度减低E.骨髓有核红细胞内铁减低30、下列关于流行性脑脊酸膜炎的预防措施错误的是（E）.A.早期发现病人并就地隔离治疗B.密切接触者应医学观察1周C.本病流行期间儿童应避免到人多拥挤的公共场所D.脑膜炎球菌A群菌苗预防接种E.由于细菌对磺胺耐药，近年来已放弃使用磺胺药口服预防流行性脑脊髓膜炎。

广西医科大学公共卫生学2009,2012--2019年考博初试真题

广西医科大学公共卫生学2009,2012--2019年考博初试真题2009年考博初试真题名词解释1. 环境卫生学2. 流行病学3. 卫生统计学4. 营养学5. 卫生管理学简答题1. 简述环境卫生学的研究内容。

2. 简述流行病学的的研究方法。

3. 简述卫生统计学在公共卫生领域的应用。

4. 简述营养学的基本概念。

5. 简述卫生管理学的的研究内容。

论述题1. 论述公共卫生学的发展历程。

2. 论述环境卫生学在我国的重要性。

3. 论述流行病学在公共卫生决策中的作用。

4. 论述卫生统计学在疾病预防控制中的应用。

5. 论述营养与健康的关系。

2012年考博初试真题名词解释1. 卫生政策2. 公共卫生服务体系3. 疾病预防控制中心4. 健康教育5. 卫生法规简答题1. 简述卫生政策的基本构成。

2. 简述公共卫生服务体系的功能。

3. 简述疾病预防控制中心的主要职责。

4. 简述健康教育的目标。

5. 简述卫生法规的分类。

论述题1. 论述我国公共卫生事业的发展现状及挑战。

2. 论述卫生政策在公共卫生领域的应用。

3. 论述疾病预防控制中心在疫情防控中的作用。

4. 论述健康教育在公共卫生中的重要性。

5. 论述卫生法规在公共卫生管理中的作用。

2013年考博初试真题名词解释1. 健康危险因素2. 慢性病3. 免疫接种4. 食品安全5. 卫生监督简答题1. 简述健康危险因素的分类。

2. 简述慢性病的影响因素。

3. 简述免疫接种的原则。

4. 简述食品安全的含义。

5. 简述卫生监督的任务。

论述题1. 论述健康危险因素与慢性病的关系。

2. 论述免疫接种在预防传染病中的作用。

3. 论述食品安全在公共卫生中的重要性。

4. 论述卫生监督在公共卫生管理中的作用。

5. 论述公共卫生学在疾病预防控制中的应用。

2014年考博初试真题名词解释1. 卫生应急2. 突发公共卫生事件3. 生物统计学4. 健康素养5. 环境卫生监测简答题1. 简述卫生应急的基本任务。

广西医科大学内科学(传染内科)2018--2019年考博初试真题

广西医科大学
2018年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：内科学（传染内科）
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
公共部分：（60分）
一、单选题（1*30分）
主要集中的方向有，呼吸5题，心内8题，消化6题，内分泌5题，血液4题，肾内3题
难度不大，都是书本上的常见知识点
广西医科大学
2019年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：内科学（传染病）
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
公共课题：
一、30题单选，涉及各个内科系统的比较典型的疾病
二、简答题:
1.肺结核的化疗选择和阶段
2.UA的治疗原则
3.原发性肝癌的的并发症
4.小细胞低色素性贫血包括哪些
二、简答题（6*5=30分）
1,简述耐药性肺结核的治疗原则
2,主动脉夹层的临床分型
3,急性胰腺炎与那些疾病鉴表现为小细胞低色素性贫血的疾病有哪些？
专业方向：（40分）
1，根据2015年乙肝防治指南，乙肝抗病毒治疗的适应症
2，肝衰竭的治疗原则
3，病例分析题目，一个乙肝大三阳患者的诊断治疗
5.糖尿病高血糖急性慢性并发症
专业题
传染病:
1.H7N9的诊断标准
2.人体感染乙肝后为何难以清除
3.细菌耐药机制及防治措施
4.新传染病的流行特点及主要原因