飞行英语阅读口语1
飞机常用英语口语50句
飞机常用英语口语50句Taking off on a flight can be an exciting adventure, and knowing some basic English phrases can make it even smoother. Here are 50 useful sentences for your next trip by air:1. "Excuse me, could you show me where seat 14B is?"2. "May I have a blanket and a pillow, please?"3. "I'd like to pre-order a vegetarian meal for my flight."4. "Could you help me stow my carry-on luggage?"5. "Is there a power outlet for my laptop?"6. "Excuse me, stewardess, I'm feeling a bit airsick."7. "Could you bring me a glass of water and some headache pills?"8. "I'm looking for the restroom, can you point me in the right direction?"9. "Would it be possible to have a window shade opened?"10. "I'd appreciate it if you could turn the cabin light off."11. "Could you assist me in adjusting my seat?"12. "I seem to have lost my boarding pass, what should I do?"13. "Do you have any in-flight entertainment recommendations?"14. "Is there Wi-Fi available on this flight?"15. "Could I get a cup of coffee and a croissant for breakfast?"16. "I'm feeling a bit cold, could you provide an extra blanket?"17. "Could you tell me when we'll be landing?"18. "Is it possible to change my seat to a different one?"19. "Could you help me with the in-flight magazine?"20. "I'd like to request a wake-up call before landing."21. "Excuse me, is there a smoking area on the plane?"22. "Could you inform me about the duty-free items available?"23. "I'm a bit nervous about flying, do you have any advice?"24. "Could you tell me the time difference between our departure and arrival cities?"25. "I need to stretch my legs, is there a place where I can walk around?"26. "Could you help me with the safety demonstration?"27. "I'm trying to avoid caffeine, what non-coffee options do you have?"28. "Could you tell me how to use the in-flight entertainment system?"29. "I seem to have a problem with my headphones, could you assist me?"30. "Could you provide me with a copy of the in-flight magazine?"31. "Is there a quiet area where I can rest?"32. "Could you help me with the seatbelt extension?"33. "I'd like to know the weather at our destination."34. "Could you tell me if there are any in-flight language courses?"35. "I need to make a phone call, is there a phone on board?"36. "Could you help me find a place to charge my phone?"37. "I'd like to request a different type of snack."38. "Could you direct me to the first-class cabin?"39. "I'm looking for a book to read, do you have any suggestions?"40. "Could you help me with the tray table?"41. "Is there a lost and found for items left on the plane?"42. "Could you tell me about the emergency procedures?"43. "I'd like to request a different beverage."44. "Could you help me with the in-flight shopping catalog?"45. "I'm feeling a bit anxious, is there anything you can do to help?"46. "Could you assist me in finding my connecting gate?"47. "I'd like to know if there's a prayer room on theplane."48. "Could you tell me about the in-flight services for children?"49. "I need to request special assistance at my destination, how can I do that?"50. "Could you help me with the customs declaration form?"。
最新-高中英语 轻松阅读 飞行启示录 We will see what happens素材 精品
飞行启示录 We will see what happensA few years ago, my younger sister and I were the first ones down the tunnel to board our flight for Norfolk, Virginia. Just as we were about to board the plane, a mechanic emerged from inside the aircraft and blocked the door with his arms. He turned to the flight attendant and hurriedly stated, “We got problems!”几年前，我和妹妹搭乘飞机去弗吉尼亚州的诺福克市，当时我们是最早通过隧道准备登机的乘客。
正当我们要登上飞机的时候，一位机械师从机舱里走出来，用手臂挡住了舱门。
他转过身急促地对乘务员说道：“我们遇到问题了！”I thought to myself, “Why did I have to be the one to hear that? Why couldn’t I have been at the back of the line? I didn’t need to know that!” Very soon we were back in the terminal, waiting, and then ultimately back on the plane.I waited for the pilot to give an explanation. Pilots take courses to ease passengers’ mind right? They know what to say to calm nerves.我暗想：“为什么是我听到这个消息呢？为什么我不是排在登机队伍的最后呢？我不需要知道这件事！”很快地我们返回到候机室等消息，然后最终又回到了飞机上。
南京航空航天大学大一飞行英语lesson1课文
Lesson 1 Air CrewPassage 1 Captain and F/O DutiesThere are usually 2-3 flight crew members and 1-3 flight attendants aboard an airliner. In the flight deck are the Captain, Co-pilot and flight engineer. When there are only two flight crew members, to reduce costs there’s no flight engineer. The captain is the Pilot in Command (PIC) who has the final authority of all decisions and all responsibilities rest on his shoulders. The Co-pilot assists the Captain and does things like calculating fuel consumptions, weight and balance, navigation, etc. He is Second in Command (SIC). The Flight Engineer helps reduce the workload of the Captain and Co-pilot. Some of his duties may include calculating fuel consumption rate, weight and balance, and communicating with the cabin crew.The pilot in Command (PIC) of an aircraft is the person aboard the aircraft who is ultimately responsible for its operation and safety during flight. According to ICAO, the Pilot in Command is responsible for operation of the airplane in accordance with rules of the air, and his final authority as to the disposition of the airplane while in command. This would be the “captain” in a typical two- or three-pilot flight crew, or “pilot” if there is only one certified and qualified pilot at the controls of an aircraft. The PIC must be certified to operate the aircraft for the specific flight and flight conditions, but need not be actually controlling the aircraft at any given moment. The PIC is the person legally in charge of the aircraft and its flight safety and operation, and would normally be the primary person liable for a violation of any flight rule.According to FAA, the PIC is responsible for the operation and safety of the aircraft during flight time, which means the total time from the moment an aircraft first moves under its own power for the purpose of taking off until the moment it comes to rest at the end of the flight. This would normally include taxiing, which involves the ground operation to and from the runway. But it is legal for a mechanic or other person to taxi an aircraft on the ground for the purpose of moving it from one spot to another without a pilot’s license.As the FAA puts it, the pilot in command of an aircraft is directly responsible for, and is the final authority as to, the operation of that aircraft. In an in-flight emergency requiring immediate action, the pilot in command may deviate from any rules of this part to the extent required to meet that emergency. Each pilot in command who deviates from a rule of this section shall, upon the request of the administrator, send a written report of that deviation to the administrator.Especially interesting in FAR 91.3, which empowers the PIC to override any other regulation in an emergency, to take the safest course of action at his/her sole discretion. It essentially gives the PIC the final authority in any situation involving the safety of a flight, irrespective of any other laws or regulations. In commercial aviation, the first officer is the second pilot (or co-pilot) of an aircraft. The first officer is second-in-command of the aircraft. In the event of incapacitation of the captain, the first officer will take on the duties of the PIC. Control of the aircraft is normally shared equally between the first officer and the captain, with one pilot being the “Pilot Flying” (PF), and the other the “Pilot Not Flying” (PNF), or “Pilot Monitoring” (PM), for each flight. Even when the first officer is the flying pilot, however, the captain remains ultimately responsible for the aircraft, its passengers, and the crew. In typical day-to-day operation, the essential job tasks remain fairly equal.Because many airlines promote by seniority only within their own company, the first officer may at times have more flight experience than the captain, in that they may have experience from other airlines or the military. Traditionally, the first officer sits on the right-hand side of a fixed-wing aircraft and the left-hand side of a helicopter.New Wordscrew n. 人员，组员airliner n. 班机，大型客机authority n. 权威，权限briefing n. 讲述，讲评emergency n. 紧急procedure n. 程序evacuation n. 撤离operation n. 运转，工作，操作disposition n. 处置，处理certify v. 认证，认可，证明manipulate v. 操纵taxi v. 滑行mechanic n. 机务员，机械人员license n. 执照deviate v. 偏离(from)discretion n. 决定override v. 超控provision n. 条款justification n. 证明incapacitation n. 失能airline n. 航空公司seniority n. 资历helicopter n. 直升机Expressionsflight crew 机组人员Pilot Flying 操纵飞机飞行员flight attendant 空中乘务员Pilot Not Flying 未操纵飞机的飞行员flight engineer 飞行机械师Pilot Monitoring 监控飞行员Pilot in Command 责任机长First Officer 副驾驶NotesICAO International Civil Aviation Organization 国际民航组织FAA Federal Aviation Administration 联邦航空局（美国）FAR Federal Aviation Regulations 《联邦航空条例》（美国）EXERCISESI. Describe the given terms from the text in English.1. flight deck2. PIC3. incapacitation4. flight time5. Captain6. PNFII. Answer the following questions after you have read the text.1. What crew members are included in an airplane?2. What are the duties for different crew members?3. In what conditions will the co-pilot take on the responsibility of commanding an aircraft?4. Can you tell the differences between PIC, captain and pilot?5. According to FAA, what are the responsibility and authority of PIC?6. According to ICAO, what is the Pilot in Command responsible for?7. Why does FAR give final authority to PIC in an emergency?8. Should PF always be the Pilot in Command? Give your reasons.9. Why do some First Officers have more experience that their captains?10. Where does the first officer normally sit in a helicopter?III Complete the following short passage by filling the blanks with the words given in the box.Airline PilotsAirline pilots 1 ________ passengers and cargo via commercial aircraft. They are responsible for various 2 _________ and non-flying duties. Airline pilots are responsible for a variety of tasks related to the safe operation of the 3 ________ they are responsible for flying.Prior to takeoff, airline pilots are responsible for verifying that the instruments, controls, engines, and other flight systems are 4 ________ the way they should. Monitoring continues throughout the 5 ________, and changes are requested and implemented as needed 6 ________ en route.On commercial flights, there are two pilots at the helm of the airplane. Each flight is staffed by a captain and a first officer, and the two pilots typically take 7 ________ flying different legs （航段）of each trip. They 8 ________ with flight dispatchers （签派人员）air traffic controllers, and meteorologist to select the best route for the trip, including determining the 9 ________ altitude and speed for travel.Once a flight lands, airline pilots are required to complete records about their journeys in compliance with the 10 _______ of both the company for which they work and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).IV Translate the following sentences into proper English.1.一名乘务人员向机长报告，商务舱有名乘客心脏病发作，她们正在给他吸氧。
飞行人员英语阅读：Unit 1 The Airplane
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Grammar 2
With the exception of :excluding; ...not included 除… …外
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Ailerons
Location: hinged to the outer trailing edge of each wing Function: control the rolling（横滚） of the airplane Operation: left-right movements of the control column (or rotation of the control wheel)
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The Elevator Trim Tab or Similar Device
Location: situated on the trailing edge of the elevator Function: reduce elevator control pressure on the pilot Operation: operated by a trimwheel（配平轮） or handle beside the pilot or above in the cabin roof
Throttle（油门） Flight controls
飞行英语阅读选择题(节选)
3.There are two main things that make aircraft engineering difficult: the need tomake every component as reliable as possibleand the need tobuild everything as light as possible. The fact that an aeroplane is up in the air and cannot stop if anything goes wrong, makes it perhaps a matter of life or death that its performance is absolutely dependable.
The main controls used to fly the airplane are the flight controls and the throttle. The throttle -- usually operated by the pilot’s right hand -- controls the power supplied by the engine/propeller combination. To open the throttle,push it forward -- this increasesthe fuel/air supply to the engine, causing the engine to turn faster and develop morepower. Pulling the throttle back, or closing it, reduces the power.
有关航空的英语口语对话
有关航空的英语口语对话A: Hey, have you ever flown on an airplane before?B: Yes, I have. I absolutely love it! How about you?A: I've never been on an airplane. I'm a bit nervous about it, to be honest.B: Don't worry, flying is quite safe. Let me share some information with you to ease your concerns.A: I appreciate that. What are some important things to know before flying?B: Firstly, you should arrive at the airport early to go through security and check-in. It's recommended to be there at least two hours before domestic flights and three hours for international flights.A: That makes sense. What can I bring with me in my carry-on luggage?B: You can bring essentials like your passport, tickets, ID card, cash, credit cards, medications, and electronic devices. Remember to follow the airline's regulations regarding sizes and restricted items.A: I'll make sure to pack accordingly. What about checked luggage?B: Checked luggage refers to larger bags that you give to the airline before boarding. These will be stored in the cargo area. Each airline has its own baggage allowance, so make sure to check their website for specific details.A: Good to know. Are there any rules about what I can wear on the plane?B: You can wear comfortable clothing, but avoid clothes with metal buttons or anything that may trigger the security scanner. Also, wear shoes that are easy to take off and put back on during security checks.A: I'll keep that in mind. Is there anything else I need to know about security?B: Yes, when going through security, place your carry-on and personal items in the provided trays, remove any metal objects from your pockets, and walk through the body scanner when instructed. It's a quick and routine process.A: I hope I won't hold up the line! What happens after security?B: After security, you will go to the departure gate listed on your boarding pass. Make sure to pay attention to the flight announcements and boarding time. Once your row is called, you can board the plane.A: I'll be sure to listen carefully. Is there anything else I should be aware of during the flight?B: During the flight, follow the crew's instructions, fasten your seatbelt when required, and keep electronic devices in airplane mode. If you feel uncomfortable, use the overhead air vents and call for assistance if needed.A: Alright, I'm feeling more prepared now. Thank you for all the helpful information!B: You're welcome! I'm sure you'll have a great flight experience. Don't forget to enjoy the view from above the clouds!。
飞行中的英文对话作文
飞行中的英文对话作文1. Wow, look at the view from up here! It's absolutely breathtaking.2. I can't believe how smooth this flight is. I've been on some really bumpy rides before, but this is like gliding on air.3. Excuse me, can I get another pillow? I'm having a hard time getting comfortable in this seat.4. Hey, do you mind if I open the window shade? I'd love to get a better look at the clouds outside.5. This in-flight meal is surprisingly good. I was expecting the typical bland airplane food, but this is actually quite tasty.6. I'm feeling a bit restless. I might get up and stretch my legs for a bit. Do you want to join me?7. I think I left my book in the overhead compartment.I'll be right back, I just need to grab it.8. Is it just me, or is it getting a bit chilly in here?I might put on my sweater.9. I've never been a fan of flying, but this experience is really changing my perspective. I might actually start enjoying it from now on.10. I can't wait to land and start exploring our destination. I've heard so many great things about it.。
飞行中的英文对话作文
飞行中的英文对话作文英文：As the plane took off, I couldn't help but feel a rush of excitement. The feeling of being up in the air, with nothing but clouds and sky all around, is truly exhilarating. It's like a whole new world up here, and I love it."Hey, isn't the view amazing?" I asked my seatmate, who was busy looking out the window."Yeah, it's incredible," she replied. "I always feel so free when I'm flying. It's like all my worries just disappear for a while."I nodded in agreement. "I know what you mean. There's something so peaceful about being up here. It's like a break from reality."We chatted for a while longer, sharing our experiences of flying and our favorite destinations. It was nice to have someone to talk to during the flight.中文：飞机起飞的时候，我情不自禁地感到一阵兴奋。
fly问答例句 -回复
fly问答例句-回复一、What is flying? [Flying的定义和目的]Flying, in the most basic sense, refers to the ability or act of moving through the air. Humans have long been fascinated with the idea of flying, which led to the invention of various flying machines. The concept of flying has gone beyond mere transportation; it has become a symbol of freedom, adventure, and innovation. Whether it is soaring through the skies in an airplane or maneuvering through the air on a hang glider, flying has become a cherished dream for many.二、How do objects fly? [物体是如何飞行的]To understand how objects fly, it is essential to grasp the fundamental principles of aerodynamics. Airplanes, for example, utilize the concept of lift to stay airborne. Lift is generated when the airflow over the wings creates a pressure difference, resulting in an upward force. This force counters the gravitational pull on the aircraft, allowing it to stay aloft. Additionally, thrust created by engines propels the aircraft forward, while the control surfaces such as ailerons and elevators enable pilots to maneuver the plane.三、What are the different types of flying machines? [不同类型的飞There are various types of flying machines that serve different purposes. The most common ones include airplanes, helicopters, gliders, and hot air balloons. Airplanes are the most widely used form of air transportation and come in various sizes and designs. Helicopters, on the other hand, are capable of vertical takeoff and landing, making them suitable for tasks such as search and rescue operations. Gliders rely on air currents and do not have an engine, while hot air balloons operate by heating the air inside a large balloon to achieve buoyancy.四、What are the prerequisites for becoming a pilot? [成为飞行员的先决条件]Becoming a pilot requires a combination of skills, knowledge, and training. The first step is to obtain a private pilot's license, which includes a minimum number of flight hours, passing a written exam, and a practical test. Additionally, pilots must meet certain medical requirements to ensure their fitness for operating aircraft. Continuing education and keeping up to date with the latest regulations are also crucial for maintaining a pilot's license.五、What are the safety measures in place for flying? [飞行的安全措Flying is considered one of the safest modes of transportation due to the extensive safety measures in place. Aircraft undergo rigorous inspections and maintenance checks before each flight. Airlines also require their pilots and crew members to go through regular training and simulations to enhance their skills and preparedness for emergencies. Air traffic control systems, radar, and communication systems play a vital role in ensuring safe flights by providing guidance and monitoring aircraft movements.六、What are the environmental impacts of flying? [飞行对环境的影响]Flying, especially when done on a large scale, can have a significant environmental impact. Aircraft emissions contribute to greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution, and noise pollution. However, the aviation industry is actively working towards reducing its environmental footprint. Improvements in aircraft design, the use of alternative fuels, and the implementation of more efficient air traffic management systems are some of the measures being taken to mitigate the environmental impact of flying.七、What does the future of flying look like? [飞行的未来展望]The future of flying holds exciting possibilities. With advancements in technology, electric and hybrid aircraft are being developed, offering quieter and more environmentally friendly options for air travel. Additionally, the concept of autonomous flying, where aircraft can operate with minimal human intervention, is also being explored. Furthermore, the growing interest in space tourism may pave the way for commercial space flights in the future, making flying an even more extraordinary experience.总结:从飞行的定义和目的开始，逐步回答了关于飞行的问题。
英语乐园学口语：我要飞
英语乐园学口语：我要飞一、情景对话：Can I give you a hand? 我能帮你吗？No, thanks. 谢谢。
Are you sure you don’t need any help? 你真的不需要帮忙吗？I don’t want to risk my neck just to fly. 我可不想为了飞而伤着自已。
Who wants to fly, anyway. 谁想要飞啊。
May I help you ? 有什么要帮忙的吗？I’d like to book an airline ticket. 我想订一张机票。
二、单词：Give you a hand 帮忙risk 危险，风险neck 脖子I’d like to 我想要airline ticket机票三、讲解要点：Give you a hand 帮忙Can I give you a hand? 我能帮你吗？Can you give me a hand? I’m all thumbs. 你能帮我吗？我忙不过来了。
Can you give me a hand? I’m exhausted. 你能帮我吗？我已经筋疲力尽了。
Can you give me a hand? This is really heavy. 你能帮我吗？这太沉了。
I don’t want to risk….我可不想昌险。
I don’t want to risk my neck just to fly. 我可不想为了飞而伤着自已。
I don’t want to risk the reputation of our company. 我可不想拿公司的名誉冒险。
I don’t want torisk my money on this deal. 我可不想拿我的钱在这笔买卖上冒险。
Who wants to fly, anyway. 谁想要飞啊。
May I help you? 有什么要帮忙的吗？Good morning. May I help you? 早上好，有什么要帮忙的吗？May I help you, sir? What are you looking for today? 有什么要帮忙的吗？先生？你今天需要什么？May I help you? No, thanks , I’m just looking. 有什么要帮忙的吗？不，谢谢，我只是看看。
飞行英语俚语
飞行英语俚语Taking to the skies is a thrilling experience, and so is learning the lingo that pilots and aviation enthusiasts use. "Updraft" is a term that describes an upward current of air, a natural elevator for birds and planes alike."Touch and go" is a phrase that might sound like a game, but in aviation, it refers to a pilot landing and immediately taking off again without stopping, a common practice for training.When you hear someone say "cleared for takeoff," it'slike getting the green light to start your journey. It's the moment when anticipation turns to action."Deadheading" is not about being tired; it's a term used for pilots or crew traveling without working, often to get to a different location for their next flight."Bump" in the context of flying isn't about hitting turbulence. It's when a passenger is involuntarily removed from a flight due to overbooking."On the ground" is a phrase that might seem obvious, but it's used to confirm that the aircraft is stationary, not in motion."Pilot fish" is a term not referring to a species of fishbut to a less experienced pilot who follows a more seasoned one to learn the ropes.And finally, "off the beaten path" in flying means taking a route that's less commonly used, often for avoiding congestion or bad weather. It's a metaphor for venturing into the unknown, just like the early aviators did.。
飞机英语对话短文阅读
飞机英语对话短文阅读S：Ladies and gentlemen. It's about time to land in New York. Here are a couple of forms for you to fill out.女士们，先生们，我们即将到达纽约，这有几张表需要你们填一下。
T：What forms must we fill out, Miss?是什么表啊，小姐?S：They are E/D cards. All passengers except American citizens must complete these forms.出入境登记表。
除了美国公民外，所有的乘客都必须填写的。
T：I see. But why do we have to fill out these forms now?明白了，但是为什么要现在填写呢?S：It will save you much time when you clear customs.这会节省你们通关的时间。
T：Can you tell me what's the time in London?能告诉我伦敦现在的时间吗?T：It should be 325 in the afternoon.Is this your first time to London?T：Yes.I have to take a conference. Are you English?是的，我来参加个会议。
您是英国人?T：That's right. Welcome to Great Britain.没错，欢迎来到英国。
T：How long do we stop over here?我们要在这里停留多久?S：2 hours.2个小时。
T：What for?为什么呢?S：The plane must fuel before flying to Paris.飞机必须在飞抵巴黎前加一次油。
飞行中的英文对话作文
飞行中的英文对话作文下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成，希望大家下载以后，能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。
文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!As I settled into my seat on the plane, I struck up a conversation with the passenger next to me. We exchanged pleasantries and talked about our reasons for traveling. It turned out that we were both headed to the same conference, which sparked a lively discussion about our respective industries.After a while, the conversation turned to more personal topics. We talked about our families, our hobbies, and our favorite books. It was refreshing to connect with someoneon a deeper level, especially in the midst of a long flight.As we chatted, the flight attendants came around with drinks and snacks. I opted for a cup of coffee and a bag of pretzels, while my seatmate chose a glass of red wine and a packet of peanuts. We joked about our differing tastes and how we always seem to choose the opposite of what the other person does.As the plane continued on its journey, I couldn't help but marvel at the incredible feat of human engineering that allowed us to soar through the skies. I looked out the window and marveled at the vast expanse of clouds and sky stretching out before us.Eventually, the conversation began to wind down as we both settled in for some rest. We exchanged business cards and promised to keep in touch after the conference was over. As I closed my eyes and drifted off to sleep, I feltgrateful for the chance encounter that had made the long flight a little less lonely.。
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Why do you want to be a pilot?☐First of all, I love flying, I feel very proud of this job. As a pilot, I get the chance to travel around the world, and visit different places. That’s what I am always dreaming about. Secondly, I think it’s a very challengi ng and distinctive job. It provides special feeling and unusual environment. Finally, it’s a well paid job.What are you doing to be a good pilot?☐Firstly, I am a student pilot in CAFUC. I am working hard to finish my first year background knowledge study, after the ground simulator training, I would go to a branch of our flight school to take initial training (elementary/primary), following by recurrent training which have the intermediate and advanced aircraft types. After these, I will go back to my co mpany to do the registration. Then I’ll come back to this flight school to take transition training. After finishing these tasks, I’ll go back to my company to be a pilot.What is your long-term plan to be a qualified captain?☐I need to prepare myself to be a qualified captain in the following aspects: firstly, I need to establish my cultivationplan. As a student pilot, my first goal is to fly every teaching planes successfully. As a copilot, I need to assist captain to finish each flying tasks safely. To be a qualified captain, I need to have the ability to control and fly every type of a/c. Secondly, I need to improve my management skills, a good captain is a good leader and manager as well. What’s more, a qualified captain need to always put the safety factor at the first place,I’ll keep my flying diary and check myself all the time, so as to make conclusion of my working process.Question: Why are human factors important to flight safety? ( ICAO Level 4)I have some knowledge about CRM. This one of my favorite subjects(课程) in my ground training. It covers many aspects such as Stress management, fatigue, situation awareness, awareness of maintaining airplane control and so on. Maintaining aircraft control is always the thing of first importance in any conditions in flight. As far as I know Many aviation accidents are caused by not maintaining aircraft control in an emergency situation(紧急情况). There are a number of accidents resulted from other CRM factors. So good cockpit resource management is very important to safe flying(安全飞行).Question: Can you tell me something about your flight instructor?My flight instructor is an experienced pilot. He has the experience of flying military aircraft. Now he is a flight instructor of Civil Aviation Flight University of China. He is popular in Guanghan Subcollege (广汉分院) for his good flight skills. During my flight training, I got well along with him and we are friends now.Question:What are the possible reasons for pilot’s disability/i ncapacitation? Reasons for incapacitationThe pilot may lose the ability to keep flying the airplane in the air. He may get seriously(严重的) ill in flight because he has taken some bad food. This is why the captain and the first officer do not share the same food. The pilot may get injured because of bird strikes(鸟击) or hijackers(劫机者). Finally, lack of oxygen(缺氧) in the cockpit may stop the pilot from keeping control of the airplane in flightQuestion: Why do you prefer to fly Airbus?There are A319, A320, A330 and A340 in the Airbus family. I want to fly airbus after graduation. My favorite aircraft is A330. It is a big and advanced airplane. In the cockpit, there is a side stick beside each pilot. It controls the airplane pitch and roll through the fly-by-wire system. Many pilots say it is very nice to fly the airplane.Question: What information is displayed on the PFDThe PFD is an important display in some modern airplanes. We can get some kinds of information from it. On the left of the PFD is a speed tape(速度带)。
Different speeds in different phases of flight are displayed. The vertical speed is shown on the right. From this part, we can know the rate of climb or descent(爬升率或下降率)。
On the top is the FMA, Flight Mode Annunciator (飞行方式信号牌), from which we can monitor(监控)the airplane. Heading is shown at the bottom. And in the center of the display, there is an attitude direction indicator (ADI姿态仪).What are the secondary fight controls?Flaps, slats, spoilers, trim tab, servo tabsWhat’s the function of yaw damper?A yaw damper is a device used on many aircraft (usually jets and turboprops) to damp(reduce) the rolling and yawing shakes due to Dutch roll（飘摆）mode. The use of the yaw damper helps to provide a better ride for passengers, and on some aircraft is a requiredpiece of equipment to ensure that the aircraft stability remains within certification values. What are the main flight controls?Where are they positioned?The elevator, the ailerons and the rudder are referred to as the main flight controls.Ailerons are attached to the trailing edge of both wings of an aircraft. Elevators are attached to the trailing edge of the horizontal stabilizer. The rudder is hinged to the trailing edge of the vertical stabilizer.Moving the yoke LEFT or RIGHT moves the ailerons on the wings in opposite directions.One moves UP as the other goes DOWN.Pulling back on the yoke moves the elevator on the tail UP, moving the airplane nose UP to climb.Pushing forward moves the elevator DOWN, moves the nose DOWN to descend.Pilots use rudder pedals on the floor to move the rudder LEFT or RIGHT to help theairplane turn.What is loss of control?Aircraft loss of control means the aircraft goes beyond its speed or altitude limitation.It often happens in the condition of control failure, instrument malfunction, fire in the air, bird strike, pilot incapacitation, and in bad weather, for example, windshear, understorm.What kinds of ground accidents do you know about?There are many different kinds of ground accidents. They include ground damage(飞机地面受损), ground collision(地面撞机) and fire on the ground，ground injuries(受伤). It is possible that an airplane skids off (偏出) thetaxiway(滑行道) during ground movement and that an airplane will have an overrun(冲出跑道) during takeoff or landing.What should you do in abnormal situations?No matter what abnormal situation I may encounter, I would keep calm and not panic. I am confident that I can cope with it. Every year, we have two sessions of simulator training to practice abnormal and emergencyprocedures, such as engine fire, cabin smoke, stall and so on.What should you do if you are lost in VFR flights?If I am lost(迷航) in VFR flight, I would first maintain the control of theairplane. I will fly the airplane according to the basic instruments because they are reliable in most conditions. Minimum safe altitude (最低安全高度) should be maintained, and direction finder(定向仪), navigational data and ground marks(地标) can be used as references to locate my airplane. Ifpossible, I can also contact ATC and request radar vectors(雷达引导). What should you do if your first officer is incapacitated in flight?Incapacitation means a pilot is seriously ill or loses consciousness/awareness in flight and he can not go on doing his work. In this case, I would keep/take over the control of the airplane at first to ensure safe flying. Next I would call other people in the cockpit or cabin crew to help move him away from his seat. And I would contact ATC and tell him our present situation and ourintention. And I order the other pilot to take his place if there is another pilot in the cockpit.What should you do if there is fire on board?Fire on board includes fires in the cockpit, toilet, cabin and so on. It is adangerous situation and requires immediate actions. If there is a cabin fire, the purser should immediately report it to the captain and put out the firewith portable fire extinguishers. When the captain knows it, he should follow the SOP and contact ATC. If it takes place on the ground, emergencyevacuation is required.Can you describe the hydraulic system of the aircraft you flyThe aircraft I fly is an A320. It has three hydraulic systems, Green, Blue and Yellow. In each system, there is a hydraulic reservoir液压油箱，engine driven pump (EDP), filter, power transfer unit (PTU) and so on. When one system fails, the other systems work as alternate/backup/standby system to provide hydraulic power for the user systems of the inoperative hydraulic system.Which systems are related to the hydraulic systems?There are many user systems which receive hydraulic power from the hydraulic systems. They include the landing gears, flight control surfaces like rudder, elevator, aileron, flaps, spoilers / speed brakes; horizontal stabilizer; thrust reversers, brakes, yaw damper. Most systems have hydraulic actuators to drive the user systems.If one system fails, what should you do?You see, there are three hydraulic systems in the airplane I fly. If one of the systems fails, I can switch to the other two systems. They will provide alternate hydraulic power through the PTU, power transfer unit.If the hydraulic systems of your aircraft fail, what are the possible consequencesIf there is a total loss of hydraulic power, there are many possible consequences. As a captain, if we are going to land, we should anticipate these possibilities. First, the landing gears may not be extended. In this case, belly landing may be necessary. Second, if the flaps, spoilers orthrust reversers do not work, more landing distance is needed because of higher landing speed.As a captain, if you encounter hydraulic problem in flight, what should you do?we should be calm and confident.we should keep the control of the airplane to ensure the safe flying, because it is the most important thing for the captain.We should establish contact with ATC and tell them of your present situation report our intention.In the cockpit, I will ask my first officer to read the checklist and we will follow the procedures specified in the checklist.。