大学英语 实用翻译教程3

2.2 词汇翻译技巧
2.2.1 增词法
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汉译英的增词主要是使译文符合英语的语法结构和表达习 惯，增添必要的代词、冠词、介词或连接词。 我们对问题要作全面的分析，才能解决得妥当。 We must make a comprehensive analysis of problem before it can be properly solved. 我们应该逐步消灭城乡差别。 We should try to eliminate the differences between town and country. 我妈妈来了，我得回去了。 My mother has arrived, so I have to leave now.
2.2 词汇翻译技巧
2.2.2 重复法（英译汉）：
重复法是指在译文中适当地重复原文中出现的词 语，以使意思表达得更加清楚，或者进一步加强语 气、突出强调某些内容，收到更好的修辞效果。
Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。
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2.2 词汇翻译技巧
• 根据语义上和修辞上的需要增加动词、形容词、名词、副 词；增加表达名词复数的词、增加表达时态的词、增加量 词、增加概括词、增加承上启下的词。 1) Matter can be changed into energy, and energy into matter. 物质可以转换成能量，能量可以转化为物质。 2）It will make a man of him in the college. 在那所大学里，一定能把他造就成堂堂的男子汉。 3) He began to see things and to understand. 他开了眼界，明白了一些事理。 4）After the thunderstorm, the clouds melted away. 雷雨过后，乌云渐渐散去。
2.2 词汇翻译技巧
汉译英（P.26） 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 天色已相当晚了，我们决定在那座庙里过夜。 As it was getting quite dark, we decided to stop at that temple for the night. 有因特网真好，鼠标一点，什么样的信息都可以找到。 Internet is so convenient that we can find any information with the click of the mouse.
2.2 词汇翻译技巧
2.2.1 增词法 （汉译英）：
汉译英的增词主要是使译文符合英语的语法结构和表达习 惯，增添必要的代词、冠词、介词或连接词。
大作收到，十分高兴。 I am very glad to have received your writing. 我们响应了祖国的号召。 We responded to the call of our motherland.
2.2 词汇翻译技巧
2.2.1 增词法 （英译汉）：
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增词法适用的两种情况
一、增加语义上、修辞上需要的词语：英语原文中虽无省 略，但却有某种意思寓于字里行间，翻译时需要增加词语 表达这种隐含意义，使整个句子的意思贴切，使译文更加 明快达意。 二、增补原文中省略的词语：英语根据其语法可以省略某 些词语而句子意义仍能完整地加以表达，但译成汉语时通 常必须增补省略的词语才能使意思完整清晰。
没有发表讲话，没有各国外交官到场，也没有“普通中国 人”挥舞纸旗、花束的场面。
2.2 词汇翻译技巧
Mary washed for a living after her husband died.
玛丽在丈夫去世后，就靠洗衣服维持生活。
This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.
2.2 词汇翻译技巧
2.2.2 重复法（英译汉）：
一、为了明确 2)重复介词短语中所省略的名词: The story of Shenzhen is a story of development, of reform. 深圳的故事是发展的故事，改革的故事。
2.2 词汇翻译技巧
2.2.2 重复法（英译汉）：
这台打字机真是价廉物美。 After all preparations were made, the planes were flown across the U.S. to San Francisco. 一切准备工作就绪以后，飞机就横穿美国飞往旧金山。 He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty. 他让法官的职责战胜了父子的私情，而判决他儿子有罪。
一、为了明确 3)重复作先行词的名词或作同位语的名词:
Thank you for your help, which enabled me to get out of difficulty. 感谢你的帮助。正是你的帮助才使得我度过难关。 Jesse opened his eyes which were filled with tears. 杰西睁开眼睛，眼里满是泪水。
2.2 词汇翻译技巧
• • • • • • • -- When are they due to arrive? -- In about two hours. “他们定于什么时候到达？” “两个小时以后到达。” She majors in Psychology and her brother in Sociology. 她主修心理学，她弟弟主修社会学。 Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own. 从别人的失败中吸取教训比从自己的失败中吸取教训更好。
2.2 词汇翻译技巧
课堂练习 汉译英（P.26） 没有调查研究就没有发言权。 He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. 交出翻译之前，必须读几遍，看看有没有要修改的地方。 Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. 耳朵用来听声音，鼻子用来嗅气味，舌头用来尝滋味。 The ear is the organ which is used for hearing. The nose is used for smelling. And the tongue is used for tasting.
教学内容
第二章 翻译的基础知识与技巧
2.2 词汇的翻译技巧 复习概念(词语的分隔、多枝共干） 2.2.1 增词法 2.2.2 重复法 课堂练习 课后作业
教案2
2.2 词汇翻译技巧
2.2.1 增词法（英译汉）：
增词法：所谓增词法，就是在原文的基础上添加 必要的单词、词组、分句或完整句，从而使译文 在语法、语言形式上符合汉语的习惯并使译文在 文化背景、词语联想方面与原文保持一致，以达 到译文与原文在内容、形式和精神方面对等起来 的目的。这种翻译技巧叫做增词法。
A Practical Translation Course for College Students
教案3
Translation before Class
I entered the hotel manager's office and sat down. I had just lost $50 and I felt very upset. 'I left the money in my room,' I said, 'and it's not there now.' The manager was sympathetic, but he could do nothing. 'Everyone's losing money these days,' he said. He started to complain about this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door. A girl came in and put an envelope on his desk. It contained $50. 'I found this outside this gentleman's room,' she said. 'Well,' I said to the manager, 'there is still some honesty in this world!'
重复法有三个作用： 一、为了明确 二、为了强调 三、为了生动
2.2 词汇翻译技巧
2.2.2 重复法（英译汉）：
一、为了明确 1）重复作宾语的名词： We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们要分析问题，解决问题。 Let’s discuss our studying and living conditions. 咱们来讨论讨论学习条件和生活条件吧。
2.2 词汇翻译技巧
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课堂练习
As he sat down and began talking, words poured out. 他一坐下就讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲个没完。 With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism! 中国人民正在以多么高的热情建设社会主义啊！ There were no speeches, no foreign diplomats, no “ordinary Chinese” with paper flags and bouquets of flowers.