2016年6月大学英语六级考试真题
2016年6月英语六级真题(全三套+详细答案)
2016年6月英语六级真题第一套Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the use of robots. Try to imagine what will happen when more and more robots take the place of human beings in industry as well as people's daily lives. You are requried to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A)Project organizerB)Public relations officer.C)Marketing manager.D)Market research consultant.2.A)Quantitative advertising research.B)Questionnaire design.C)Research methodology.D)Interviewer training.3.A)They are intensive studies of people’s spending habits.B)They examine relations between producers and customers.C)They look for new and effective ways to promote products.D)They study trends or customer satisfaction over a long period.4.A)The lack of promotion opportunity.B)Checking charts and tables.C)Designing questionnaires.D)The persistent intensity.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A)His view on Canadian universities.B)His understanding of higher education.C)His suggestions for improvements in higher education.D)His complaint about bureaucracy in American universities.6.A)It is well designed.B)It is rather inflexible.C)It varies among universities.D)It has undergone great changes.7.A)The United States and Canada can learn from each other.B)Public universities are often superior to private universities.C)Everyone should be given equal access to higher education.D)Private schools work more efficiently than public institutions.8.A) University systems vary from country to country.B)Efficiency is essential to university management.C) It is hard to say which is better, a public university or a private one.D) Many private university in the U.S. Are actually large bureaucracies.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A) Government’s role in resolving an economic crisis.B) The worsening real wage situation around the worldC) Indications of economic recovery in the United States.D) The impact of the current economic crisis on people’s life.10.A)They will feel less pressure to raise employees’wages.B) They will feel free to choose the most suitable employees.C) They will feel inclined to expand their business operations.D) They will feel more confident in competing with their rivals.11.A) Employees and companies cooperate to pull through the economic crisis.B) Government and companies join hands to create hobs for the unemployed.C) Employees work shorter hours to avoid layoffs.D) Team work will be encouraged in companies.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A) Whether memory supplements work.B) Whether herbal medicine works wonders.C) Whether exercise enhances one’s memory.D) Whether a magic memory promises success.13.A) They help the elderly more than the young.B) They are beneficial in one way or another.C) They generally do not have side effects.D) They are not based on real science.14.A)They are available at most country fairs.B)They are taken in relatively high dosage.C)They are collected or grown by farmers.D)They are prescribed by trained practitioners.15.A)They have often proved to be as helpful as doing mental exercise.B)Taking them with other medications might entail unnecessary risks.C)Their effect lasts only a short time.D)Many have benefited from them.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A)How catastrophic natural disasters turn out to be to developing nations.B)How the World Meteorological Organization studies natural disasters.C)How powerless humans appear to be in face of natural disasters.D)How the negative impacts of natural disasters can be reduced.17.A)By training rescue teams for emergencies.B)By taking steps to prepare people for them.C)By changing people’s views of nature.D)By relocating people to safer places.18.A)How preventive action can reduce the loss of life.B)How courageous Cubans are in face of disasters.C)How Cubans suffer from tropical storms.D)How destructive tropical storms can be.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19.A)Pay back their loans to the American government.B)Provide loans to those in severe financial difficulty.C)Contribute more to the goal of a wider recovery.D)Speed up their recovery from the housing bubble.20.A)Some banks may have to merge with others.B)Many smaller regional banks are going to fail.C)It will be hard for banks to provide more loans.D)Many banks will have to lay off some employees.21.A)It will work closely with the government.B)It will endeavor to write off bad loans.C)It will try to lower the interest rate.D)It will try to provide more loans.22.A)It won’t help the American economy to turn around.B)It won’t do any good to the major commercial banks.C)It will win the approval of the Obama administration.D)It will be necessary if the economy starts to shrink again.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23.A)Being unable to learn new things.B)Being rather slow to make changes.C)Losing temper more and more often.D)Losing the ability to get on with others.24.A)Cognitive stimulation.B)Community activity.C)Balanced diet.D)Fresh air.25.A)Ignoring the signs and symptoms of aging.B)Adopting an optimistic attitude towards life.C)Endeavoring to give up unhealthy lifestyles.D)Seeking advice from doctors from time to time.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for eachitem on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Pursuing a career is an essential part of adolescent development.“The adolescent becomes an adult when he_26_a real job.”To cognitive researchers likePiaget,adulthood meant the beginning of an_27_.Piaget argued that once adolescents enter the world of work,their newly acquired ability to form hypotheses allows them to create representations that are too ideal.The_28_of such ideals,without the tempering of the reality of a job or profession,rapidly leads adolescents to become _29_ of the non-idealistic world and to press for reform in a characteristically adolescent way.Piaget said:“True adaptation to society comes_30_when the adolescent reformer attempts to put his ideas to work.”Of course,youthful idealism is often courageous,and no one likes to give up dreams.Perhaps,taken_31_out of context,Piaget’s statement seems harsh.What he was_32_，however,is the way reality can modify idealistic views.Some people refer to such modification as maturity.Piaget argued that attaining and accepting a vocation is one of the best ways to modify idealized views and to mature.As careers and vocations become less available during times of _33_,adolescents may be especially hard hit.Such difficult economic times may leave many adolescents_34_about their roles in society.For this reason,community interventions and government job programs that offer summer and vacation work are not only economically_35_but also help to stimulate the adolescent’s sense of worth.A)automaticallyB)beneficialC)capturingD)confusedE)emphasizingF)entranceG)excitedH)existenceI)incidentallyJ)intolerantK)occupationL)promisesM)recessionN)slightlyO)undertakesSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Can societies be rich and green?[A]“If our economies are to flourish,if global poverty is to be eliminated and if the well-being of the world’s people enhanced—not just in this generation but in succeeding generations—we must make sure we take care of the natural environment and resources on which our economic activity depends.”That statement comes not,as you might imagine,from a stereotypicaltree-hugging,save-the-world greenie(环保主义者),but from Gordon Brown,a politician with a reputation for rigour,thoroughness and above all,caution.[B]A surprising thing for the man who runs one of the world’s most powerful economies to say?Perhaps;though in the run-up to the five-year review of the Millennium(千年的)Goals,he is far from alone.The roots of his speech,given in March at the roundtable meeting of environment and energy ministers from the G20 group of nations,stretch back to 1972,and the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm.[C]“The protection and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which affects the well-being of peoples and economic development throughout the world,”read the final declaration from this gathering,the first of a sequence which would lead to the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit in 1992 and the World Development Summit in Johannesburg three years ago.[D]Hunt through the reports prepared by UN agencies and development groups —many for conferences such as this year’s Millennium Goals review—and you will find that the linkage between environmental protection and economic progress is a common thread.[E]Managing ecosystems sustainably is more profitable than exploitingthem,according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment.But finding hard evidence to support the thesis is not so easy.Thoughts turn first to some sort of global statistic,some indicator which would rate the wealth of nations in both economic and environmental terms and show a relationship between the two.[F]If such an indicator exists,it is well hidden.And on reflection,this is not surprising;the single word“environment”has so many dimensions,and there are so many other factors affecting wealth—such as the oil deposits—that teasing out a simple economy-environment relationship would be almost impossible.[G]The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment,a vast four-year global study which reported its initial conclusions earlier this year,found reasons to believe that managing ecosystems sustainably—working with nature rather than against it—might be less profitable in the short term,but certainly brings long-term rewards.[H]And the World Resources Institute(WRI)in its World Resources 2005report,issued at the end of August,produced several such examples from Africa and Asia;it also demonstrated that environmental degradation affects the poor more than the rich,as poorer people derive a much higher proportion of their income directly from the natural resources around them.[I]But there are also many examples of growing wealth by trashing the environment,in rich and poor parts of the world alike,whether through unregulated mineral extraction,drastic water use for agriculture,slash-and-burn farming,orfossil-fuel-guzzling(大量消耗)transport.Of course,such growth may not persist in the long term—which is what Mr.Brown and the Stockholm declaration were both attempting to point out.Perhaps the best example of boom growth and bust decline is the Grand Banks fishery.For almost five centuries a very large supply of cod(鳕鱼)provided abundant raw material for an industry which at its peak employed about 40,000 people,sustaining entire communities in Newfoundland.Then,abruptly,the cod population collapsed.There were no longer enough fish in the sea for the stock to maintain itself,let alone an industry.More than a decade later,there was no sign of the ecosystem re-building itself.It had,apparently,been fished out of existence;and the once mighty Newfoundland fleet now gropes about frantically for crab on the sea floor.[J]There is a view that modern humans are inevitably sowing the seed of a global Grand Banks-style disaster.The idea is that we are taking more out of what you might call the planet’s environmental bank balance than it can sustain;we are living beyond our ecological means.One recent study attempted to calculate the extent of this“ecological overshoot of the human economy”,and found that we are using 1.2 Earth’s-worth of environmental goods and services—the implication being that at some point the debt will be called in,and all those services—the things which the planet does for us for free—will grind to a halt.[K]Whether this is right,and if so where and when the ecological axe will fall,is hard to determine with any precision—which is why governments and financial institutions are only beginning to bring such risks into their economic calculations.It is also the reason why development agencies are not united in their view of environmental issues;while some,like the WRI,maintain that environmental progress needs to go hand-in-hand with economic development,others argue that the priority is to build a thriving economy,and then use the wealth created to tackle environmental degradation.[L]This view assumes that rich societies will invest in environmental care.But is this right?Do things get better or worse as we get richer? Here the Stockholmdeclaration is ambiguous.“In the developing countries,”it says,“most of the environmental problems are caused by under-development.”So it is saying that economic development should make for a cleaner world?Not necessarily;“In the industralised countries,environmental problems are generally related to industrialisation and technological development,”it continues.In other words,poor and rich both over-exploit the natural world,but for different reasons.It’s simply not true that economic growth will surely make our world cleaner.[M]Clearly,richer societies are able to provide environmental improvements which lie well beyond the reach of poorer communities.Citizens of wealthy nations demand national parks,clean rivers,clean air and poison-free food.Theyalso,however,use far more natural resources-fuel,water(all those baths and golf courses)and building materials.[N]A case can be made that rich nations export environmental problems,the most graphic example being climate change.As a country’s wealth grows,so do its greenhouse gas emissions.The figures available will not be completelyaccurate.Measuring emissions is not a precise science, particularly when it comes to issues surrounding land use;not all nations have re-leased up-to-date data,and in any case,emissions from some sectors such as aviation are not included in national statistics.But the data is exact enough for a clear trend to be easily discernible.As countries become richer,they produce more greenhouse gases;and the impact of those gases will fall primarily in poor parts of the world.[O]Wealth is not,of course,the only factor involved.The average Norwegian is better off than the average US citizen,but contributes about half as much to climate change.But could Norway keep its standard of living and yet cut its emissions to Moroccan or even Ethiopian levels?That question,repeated across a dozen environmental issues and across our diverse planet,is what will ultimately determine whether the human race is living beyond its ecological means as it pursues economic revival.36.Examples show that both rich and poor countries exploited the environmentfor economic progress.37.Environmental protection and improvement benefit people all over the world.38.It is not necessarily true that economic growth will make our world cleaner.39.The common theme of the UN reports is the relation between environmental protection and economic growth.40.Development agencies disagree regarding how to tackle environment issues while ensuring economic progress.41.It is difficult to find solid evidence to prove environmental friendliness generates more profits than exploiting the natural environment.42.Sustainable management of ecosystems will prove rewarding in the long run.43.A politician noted for being cautious asserts that sustainable human development depends on the natural environment.44.Poor countries will have to bear the cost for rich nations’economic development.45.One recent study warns us of the danger of the exhaustion of natural resources on Earth.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Interactive television advertising, which allows viewers to use their remote controls to click on advertisements, has been pushed for years. Nearly a decade ago it was predicted that viewers of “Friends”, a popular situation comedy, would soon be able to purchase a sweater like Jennifer Aniston’s with a few taps on their remotecontrol.“It’s been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years,”says Colin Dixon of a digital-media consultancy.So the news that Cablevision, and American cable company, was rolling out interactive advertisements to all its customers on October 6th was greeted with some skepticism. During commercials, an overlay will appear at the bottom of the screen, prompting viewers to press a button to request a free sample or order a catalogue. Cablevision hopes to allow customers to buy things with their remote controls early next year.Television advertising could do with a boost. Spending fell by 10% in the first half of the year. The popularization of digital video recorders has caused advertisers to worry that their commercials will be skipped. Some are turning to the Internet, which is cheaper and offers concrete measurements like click-through rates—especially important at a time when marketing budgets are tight. With the launch of interactive advertising,“many of the dollars that went to the Internet will come back to the TV,”says David Kline of Cablevision. Or so the industry hopes.In theory, interactive advertising can engage viewers in a way that 30-second spots do not. Unilever recently ran an interactive campaign for its Axe deodorant(除臭剂)，which kept viewers engaged for more than three minutes on average.The amount spent on interactive advertising on television is still small. Magna, an advertising agency, reckons it will be worth about $138 million this year. That falls far short of the billions of dollars people once expected it to generate. But DirecTV, Comcast and Time Warner Cable have all invested in it. A new effort led by Canoe Ventures, a coalition of leading cable providers, aims to make interactive advertising available across America later this year. BrightLine iTV, Which designs and sells interactive ads, says interest has surged: it expects its revenues almost to triple this year. BSkyB, Britain’s biggest satellite-television service, already provides 9 million customers with interactive ads.Yet there are doubts whether people watching television, a“lean back”medium, crave interaction. Click-through rates have been high so far(around 3-4%, compared with less than 0.3% online), but that may be a result of the novelty. Interactive adsand viewers might not go well together.46.What does Colin Dixon mean by saying“It’s been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years”(Lines 4-5, Para.1)?A)Interactive television advertising will become popular in 10-12 years.B)Interactive television advertising has been under debate for the last decade or so.C)Interactive television advertising is successful when incorporated into situation comedies.D)Interactive television advertising has not achieved the anticipated results.47.What is the public’s response to Cablevision’s planned interactive TV advertising program?A)Pretty positive.B)Totally indifferent.C)Somewhat doubtful.D)Rather critical.48.What is the impact of the wide use of digital video recorders on TV advertising?A)It has made TV advertising easily accessible to viewers.B)It helps advertisers to measure the click-through rates.C)It has placed TV advertising at a great disadvantage.D)It enables viewers to check the sales items with ease.49.What do we learn about Unilever’s interactive campaign?A)It proves the advantage of TV advertising.B)It has done well in engaging the viewers.C)It helps attract investments in the company.D)it has boosted the TV advertising industry.50.How does the author view the hitherto high click-through rates?A)They may be due to the novel way of advertising.B)They signify the popularity of interactive advertising.C)They point to the growing curiosity ofTV viewers.D)They indicate the future direction of media reform.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.What can be done about mass unemployment? All the wise heads agree: there’re no quick or easy answers. There’s work to be done, but workers aren’t ready to do it—they’re in the wrong places, or they have the wrong skills, Our problems are “structural,”and will take many years to solve.But don’t bother asking for evidence that justifies this bleak view. There isn’t any. On the contrary, all the facts suggest that high unemployment in America is the result of inadequate demand. saying that there’re no easy answers sounds wise. But it’s actually foolish: our unemployment crisis could be cured very quickly if we had the intellectual clarity and political will to act. In other words, structural unemployment is a fake problem, which mainly serves as an excuse for not pursing real solutions.The fact is job openings have plunged in every major sector, while the number of workers forced into part-time employment in almost all industries has soared. Unemployment has surged in every major occupational category. Only three states. With a combined population not much larger than that of Brooklyn, have unemployment rates below 5%. So the evidence contradicts the claim that we’re mainly suffering from structural unemployment. Why, then, has this claim become so popular?Part of the answer is that this is what always happens during periods of high unemployment—in part because experts and analysts believe that declaring the problem deeply rooted, with no easy answers, makes them sound serious.I’ve been looking at what self-proclaimed experts were saying about unemployment during the Great Depression; it was almost identical to what Very Serious People are saying now. Unemployment cannot be brought down rapidly,declared one 1935 analysis, because the workforce is“unadaptable and untrained. It cannot respond to the opportunities which industry may offer.”A few years later, a large defense buildup finally provided a fiscal stimulus adequate to the economy’s needs—and suddenly industry was eager to employ those“unadaptable and untrained”workers.But now, as then, powerful forces are ideologically opposed to the whole idea of government action on a sufficient scale to jump-start the economy. And that, fundamentally, is why claims that we face huge structural problems have been multiplying: they offer a reason to do nothing about the mass unemployment that is crippling out economy and our society.So what you need to know is that there’s no evidence whatsoever to back these claims. We aren’t suffering from a shortage of needed skills, We’re suffering from a lack of policy resolve. As I said, structural unemployment isn’t a real problem, it’s an excuse—a reason not to act on America’s problems at a time when action is desperately needed.51.What does the author think is the root cause of mass unemployment in America?A)Corporate mismanagement.B)Insufficient demand.C)Technological advances.D)Workers’slow adaptation.52.What does the author think of the experts’claim concerning unemployment?A)Self-evident.B)Thought-provoking.C)Irrational.D)Groundless.53.What does the author say helped bring down unemployment during the Great Depression?A)The booming defense industry.B)The wise heads’benefit package.C)Nationwide training of workers.D)Thorough restructuring of industries.54.What has caused claims of huge structural problems to multiply?A)Powerful opposition to government’s stimulus efforts.B)Very Serious People’s attempt to cripple the economy.C)Evidence gathered from many sectors of the industries.D)Economists’failure to detect the problems in time.55.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A)To testify to the experts’analysis of America’s problems.B)To offer a feasible solution to the structural unemployment.C)To show the urgent need for the government to take action.D)To alert American workers to the urgency for adaptation.Part IV Translation (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展。
2016年6月英语六级真题及答案下载(第一套).doc
2016年6月大学英语六级考试真题(一)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise to judge a person by their appearance. You can give examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once, After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2016年6月英语六级考试真题附答案解析(全3套)
2016年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析(第1套)写作参考答案The evolution of modem robot technology seems to be a mixed blessing. Optimists say that more robots will lead to greater productivity and economic growth, while pessimists complain that we will experience the greatest unemployment crisis in human history. As for me, the world where robots substitute manual and mental labor is delightful rather than fearful.There is no doubt that human society is benefiting tremendously from robots. On the one hand, industrial robots can assist in carrying out dirty, dull and dangerous tasks while offering increased productivity and safety. On the other hand, domestic robots can provide household services, freeing human beings from the boredom of the daily chores. We aren't giving robots "easy jobs", but those that most of the time we aren't willing to do and even could never do. Without robots, these jobs would remain undone or be done inefficiently. In spite of the potential of machines to replace workers, technological progress has always eliminated some specific jobs. But in the meantime, it also has created new opportunities for human employment, at an even faster rate.Robots are very likely to permeate much of our daily life in the coming years, but it is not necessary to worry they will snatch jobs from us, because we will assign more challenging jobs to them.【解析】本题要求考生围绕“在未来，越来越多的人工劳动将被机器取代会是怎样一番情景”写一篇作文，考生既可以阐述其积极的一面，也可以论述其不利的一面。
2016年度6月英语六级考试真命题及标准答案解析(全3套)
2016年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析(第1套)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the use of robots. Try to imagine what will happen when more and more robots take the place of human beings in industry as well as people's daily lives. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer. from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) Project organizer. B) Public relations officer.C) Marketing manager. D) Market research consultant.2. A) Quantitative advertising research. B) Questionnaire design.C) Research methodology. D) Interviewer training.3. A) They are intensive studies of people's spending habits.B) They examine relations between producers and customers.C) They look for new and effective ways to promote products.D) They study trends or customer satisfaction over a long period.4. A) The lack of promotion opportunity.B) Checking charts and tables.C) Designing questionnaires.D) The persistent intensity.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) His view on Canadian universities.B) His understanding of higher education.C) His suggestions for improvements in higher education.D) His complaint about bureaucracy in American universities.6. A) It is well designed.B) It is rather inflexible.C) It varies among universities.D) It has undergone great changes.7. A) The United States and Canada can learn from each other.B) Public universities are often superior to private universities.C) Everyone should be given equal access to higher education.D) Private schools work more efficiently than public institutions.8. A) University systems vary from country to country.B) Efficiency is essential to university management.C) It is hard to say which is better, a public university or a private one.D) Many private university in the U.S. are actually large bureaucracies.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) Government's role in resolving an economic crisis.B) The worsening real wage situation around the world.C) Indications of economic recovery in the United States.D) The impact of the current economic crisis on peopled life.10. A) They will feel less pressure to raise employees' wages.B) They will feel free to choose the most suitable employees.C) They will feel inclined to expand their business operations.D) They will feel more confident in competing with their rivals.11. A) Employees and companies cooperate to pull through the economic crisis.B) Government and companies join hands to create jobs for the unemployed.C) Employees work shorter hours to avoid layoffs.D) Team work will be encouraged in companies.Passage TwoQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) Whether memory supplements work.B) Whether herbal medicine works wonders.C) Whether exercise enhances one's memory.D) Whether a magic memory promises success.13. A) They help the elderly more than the young. B) They are beneficial in one way or another.C) They generally do not have side effects. D) They are not based on real science.14. A) They are available at most country fairs.B) They are taken in relatively high dosage.C) They are collected or grown by farmers.D) They are prescribed by trained practitioners.15. A) They have often proved to be as helpful as doing mental exercise.B) Taking them with other medications might entail unnecessary risks.C) Their effect lasts only a short time.D) Many have benefited from them.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three orfour questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Recording OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) How catastrophic natural disasters turn out to be to developing nations.B) How the World Meteorological Organization studies natural disasters.C) How powerless humans appear to be in face of natural disasters.D) How the negative impacts of natural disasters can be reduced.17. A) By training rescue teams for emergencies.B) By taking steps to prepare people for them.C) By changing people's views of nature.D) By relocating people to safer places.18. A) How preventive action can reduce the loss of life.B) How courageous Cubans are in face of disasters.C) How Cubans suffer from tropical storms.D) How destructive tropical storms can be.Recording TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Pay back their loans to the American government.B) Provide loans to those in severe financial difficulty.C) Contribute more to the goal of a wider recovery.D) Speed up their recovery from the housing bubble.20. A) Some banks may have to merge with others.B) Many smaller regional banks are going to fail.C) It will be hard for banks to provide more loans.D) Many banks will have to lay off some employees.21. A) It will work closely with the government.B) It will endeavor to write off bad loans.C) It will try to lower the interest rate.D) It will try to provide more loans.22. A) It won't help the American economy to turn around.B) It won't do any good to the major commercial banks.C) It will win the approval of the Obama administration.D) It will be necessary if the economy starts to shrink again.Recording ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23. A) Being unable to learn new things. B) Being rather slow to make changes.C) Losing temper more and more often. D) Losing the ability to get on with others.24. A) Cognitive stimulation. B) Community activity.C) Balanced diet. D) Fresh air.25. A) Ignoring the signs and symptoms of aging.B) Adopting an optimistic attitude towards life.C) Endeavoring to give up unhealthy lifestyles.D) Seeking advice from doctors from time to time.Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select oneword for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified bya letter. Ple ase mark the corresponding letter for each item on, Answer Street 2 with a singleline through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Let's say you love roller-skating. Just the thought of __26__ on your roller-skates brings asmile to your face. You also know that roller-skating is excellent exercise. You have a __27__attitude toward it.This description of roller-skating __28__ the three components of an attitude: affect,cognition, and behavior. You love the activity; it's great fun. These feelings __29__ the affectiveor emotional component; they are an important ingredient in attitudes. The knowledge wehave about the object constitutes the cognitive component of an attitude. You understandthe health __30__ that the activity can bring. Finally, attitudes have a behavioral component.Our attitudes __31__ us to go outside to enjoy roller-skating.Now, we don't want to leave you with the __32__ that these three components always worktogether __33__. They don't; sometimes they clash. For example, let's say you love pizza(affective component); however, you have high cholesterol and understand (knowledgecomponent) that eating pizza may be bad for your health. Which behavior will your attituderesult in, eating pizza or __34__ it? The answer depends on which component happens to bestronger. If you are walking past a pizza restaurant at lunchtime, your emotions and feelingsprobably will be stronger than your knowledge that pizza may not be the best food for yourhealth. In that instance, you have pizza for lunch. If you are at home trying to decide where togo for dinner, however, the knowledge component may __35__ , and you decide to go whereyou can eat a healthier meal.A.avoidingB.benefitsC.highlightD.illustratesE.impressionF.improvesG.inquiring H.perfectly I.positiveJ.prevail K.primarily L.promptM.specifications N.strapping O.typicalSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Changing Generation[A]It turns out today's teenagers aren't so scary after all. Results of USA WEEKEND'S Teens &Parents survey reveal a generation of young people who get along well with their parents and approve of the way they're being raised. They think of their parents with affection and respect.They speak with Mom or Dad when they have a problem. Most feel that their parents understand them, and they believe their family is the No. 1 priority in their parents, lives.Many even think their parents are cool! Although more than a third have an object in their rooms they would like to keep secret from their parents, rarely is it anything more alarming than a diary or off-color (低俗的) book or CD.[B]Such results may seem surprising against the background of shocking incidents that color theway the mass media portray the young. In October 2000, , the same month the survey was taken, the Washington-based Center for Media and Public Affairs wrote in its publication Media Monitor that, in a recent month of TV news coverage of American youth, just 2% of teens were shown at home, and just 1% were portrayed in a work setting. In contrast, the criminal justice system accounted for nearly one out of every five visual backgrounds. No wonder parents worry their own kids might spin out of control once they hit the turbulent waters of adolescence.[C]The overall facts ought to reassure us. The survey shows us that today's teens are affectionate,sensible and far happier than the angry and tortured souls that have been painted for us by stereotypes. From other sources, we also know teenage crime, drug abuse and premarital sex are in general decline. We, of course, need to pay attention to youngsters who are filled with discontent and hostility, but we should not allow these extreme cases to distort our view of most young people.[D]My own research at the Stanford Center on Adolescence uses in-depth interviews with smallsamples of youngsters rather than large-scale surveys. Still, in my studies and others I have read, I find the same patterns as in USA WEEKEND'S survey. Today's teenagers admire their parents and welcome parental guidance about important matters such as career choice—though certainly not Mom and Dad's advice on matters of personal taste, such as music or fashion. When we ask teens to choose a hero，they usually select an older family member rather than a remote public figure. Most teens say they enjoy the company of both parents and friends.[E]Contrary to some stereotypes, most adolescents believe they must be tolerant of differencesamong individuals (though they do not always find this easy in the cliquish (拉帮结派的) environment of high school). Many of them volunteer for community service with disadvantaged people. One prevalent quality we have found in teens, statements about themselves, their friends and their families is a strikingly positive emotional tone. By and large, these are very nice kids, and as the band The Who used to sing, "The kids are alright."[F]How much is today's spirit of harmony a change from our more turbulent past? A meregeneration ago, parent-child relations were described as "the generation gap". Yet even then reports of widespread youth rebellion were overdone: Most kids in the '60s and 70s shared their parents, basic values. Still, it is true that American families are growing closer at the dawn of this new millennium (千年). Perhaps there is less to fight about, with the country ina period of tranquility and the dangers of drug abuse and other unwholesome behavior wellknown. Perhaps in the face of impersonal and intimidating globalization, a young person's family feels more like a friendly haven than an oppressive trap. And perhaps parents are acting more like parents than in the recent past. Within just the past five years, I have noticed parents returning to a belief that teenagers need the guidance of elders rather than the liberal, "anything goes" mode of child-rearing that became popular in the second half of the 20th century.[G]But missing from all these data is the sense that today's young care very much about theircountry, about the broader civic and political environment, or about the future of their society.They seem to be turning inward—generally in a pro-social manner, certainly with positive benefits for intimate relationships, but too often at the expense of a connection with the present and future world beyond, including the society they will one day inherit.[H]Recently, we examined more than 400 essays on the "laws of life" that teens from twocommunities had written as part of an educational program initiated by the John Templeton Foundation in Radnor, Pa. In those essays, and in follow-up interviews with a few of the teenagers, we found lots of insight, positive feeling and inspirational thinking. But we also found little interest in civic life beyond the tight circles of their family and immediate friends.[I]For example, only one boy said he would like to be president when he grows up. When I wasin high school, dozens in my class alone would have answered differently. In fact, other recent studies have found there has never been a time in American history when so small a proportion of young people have sought or accepted leadership roles in local civic organizations. It is also troubling that voting rates among our youngest eligible voters—18- to 24-year-olds—are way down: Little more than one in four now go to the polls, even in national elections, compared with almost twice that many when 18-year-olds were first given the vote.[J]In our interviews, many students viewed politics with suspicion and distaste. " Most politicians are kind of crooked (不诚实的)" one student declared. Another, discussing national politics, said, “I feel like one person can't do that much, and I get the impression most people don't think a group of people can do that much." Asked what they would like to change in the world, the students mentioned only personal concerns such as slowing down the pace of life, gaining good friends, becoming more spiritual, becoming either more materially successful or less materially oriented (depending on the student's values), and being more respectful of the Earth, animals and other people. One boy said, "I'd rather be concentrating on artistic efforts than saving the world or something."[K]It is fine and healthy for teens to cultivate their personal interests, and it is good news when young people enjoy harmonious relations with their family and friends. But there is also a place in a young life for noble purposes that include a dedication to the broader society, a love of country and an aspiration to make their own leadership contributions.[L]In the past, the young have eagerly participated in national service and civic affairs, often with lots of energy and idealism. If this is not happening today, we should ask why. Oursociety needs the full participation of its younger citizens if it is to continue to thrive. We know the promise is there—this is a well-grounded, talented, warm-hearted group of youngsters. We have everything to gain by encouraging them to explore the world beyond their immediate experience and to prepare themselves for their turn at shaping that world.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2016年6、12月英语六级真题(含答案)
2016年6月英语六级真题Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the use of robots. Try to imagine what will happen when more and more robots take the place of human beings in industry as well as people's daily lives. You are requried to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section AQuestions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A)Project organizerB)Public relations officer.C)Marketing manager.D)Market research consultant.2.A)Quantitative advertising research.B)Questionnaire design.C)Research methodology.D)Interviewer training.3.A)They are intensive studies of people’s spending habits.B)They examine relations between producers and customers.C)They look for new and effective ways to promote products.D)They study trends or customer satisfaction over a long period.4.A)The lack of promotion opportunity.B)Checking charts and tables.C)Designing questionnaires.D)The persistent intensity.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A)His view on Canadian universities.B)His understanding of higher education.C)His suggestions for improvements in higher education.D)His complaint about bureaucracy in American universities.6.A)It is well designed.B)It is rather inflexible.C)It varies among universities.D)It has undergone great changes.7.A)The United States and Canada can learn from each other.B)Public universities are often superior to private universities.C)Everyone should be given equal access to higher education.D)Private schools work more efficiently than public institutions.8.A) University systems vary from country to country.B)Efficiency is essential to university management.C) It is hard to say which is better, a public university or a private one.D) Many private university in the U.S. Are actually large bureaucracies.Section BQuestions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A) Government’s role in resolving an economic crisis.B) The worsening real wage situation around the worldC) Indications of economic recovery in the United States.D) The impact of the current economic crisis on people’s life.10.A)They will feel less pressure to raise employees’wages.B) They will feel free to choose the most suitable employees.C) They will feel inclined to expand their business operations.D) They will feel more confident in competing with their rivals.11.A) Employees and companies cooperate to pull through the economic crisis.B) Government and companies join hands to create hobs for the unemployed.C) Employees work shorter hours to avoid layoffs.D) Team work will be encouraged in companies.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A) Whether memory supplements work.B) Whether herbal medicine works wonders.C) Whether exercise enhances one’s memory.D) Whether a magic memory promises success.13.A) They help the elderly more than the young.B) They are beneficial in one way or another.C) They generally do not have side effects.D) They are not based on real science.14.A)They are available at most country fairs.B)They are taken in relatively high dosage.C)They are collected or grown by farmers.D)They are prescribed by trained practitioners.15.A)They have often proved to be as helpful as doing mental exercise.B)Taking them with other medications might entail unnecessary risks.C)Their effect lasts only a short time.D)Many have benefited from them.Section CQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A)How catastrophic natural disasters turn out to be to developing nations.B)How the World Meteorological Organization studies natural disasters.C)How powerless humans appear to be in face of natural disasters.D)How the negative impacts of natural disasters can be reduced.17.A)By training rescue teams for emergencies.B)By taking steps to prepare people for them.C)By changing people’s views of nature.D)By relocating people to safer places.18.A)How preventive action can reduce the loss of life.B)How courageous Cubans are in face of disasters.C)How Cubans suffer from tropical storms.D)How destructive tropical storms can be.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19.A)Pay back their loans to the American government.B)Provide loans to those in severe financial difficulty.C)Contribute more to the goal of a wider recovery.D)Speed up their recovery from the housing bubble.20.A)Some banks may have to merge with others.B)Many smaller regional banks are going to fail.C)It will be hard for banks to provide more loans.D)Many banks will have to lay off some employees.21.A)It will work closely with the government.B)It will endeavor to write off bad loans.C)It will try to lower the interest rate.D)It will try to provide more loans.22.A)It won’t help the American economy to turn around.B)It won’t do any good to the major commercial banks.C)It will win the approval of the Obama administration.D)It will be necessary if the economy starts to shrink again.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23.A)Being unable to learn new things.B)Being rather slow to make changes.C)Losing temper more and more often.D)Losing the ability to get on with others.24.A)Cognitive stimulation.B)Community activity.C)Balanced diet.D)Fresh air.25.A)Ignoring the signs and symptoms of aging.B)Adopting an optimistic attitude towards life.C)Endeavoring to give up unhealthy lifestyles.D)Seeking advice from doctors from time to time.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section APursuing a career is an essential part of adolescent development.“The adolescent becomes an adult when he_26_a real job.”To cognitive researchers like Piaget, adulthood meant the beginning of an_27_.Piaget argued that once adolescents enter the world of work, their newly acquired ability to form hypotheses allows them to create representations that are too ideal.The_28_of such ideals, without the tempering of the reality of a job or profession, rapidly leads adolescents to become _29_ of the non-idealistic world and to press for reform in a characteristically adolescent way. Piaget said:“True adaptation to society comes_30_when the adolescent reformer attempts to put his ideas to work.”Of course, youthful idealism is often courageous, and no one likes to give up dreams.Perhaps,taken_31_out of context, Piaget’s statement seems harsh. What he was_32_，however, is the way reality can modify idealistic views. Some people refer to such modification as maturity. Piaget argued that attaining and accepting a vocation is one of the best ways to modify idealized views and to mature.As careers and vocations become less available during times of_33_,adolescents may be especially hard hit. Such difficult economic times may leave many adolescents_34_about their roles in society. For this reason, community interventions and government job programs that offer summer and vacation work are not only economically_35_but also help to stimulate the adolescent’s sense of worth.A)automatically B)beneficial C)capturing D)confusedE)emphasizing F)entrance G)excited H)existenceI)incidentally J)intolerant K)occupation L)promisesM)recession N)slightly O)undertakesSection BCan societies be rich and green?[A]“If our economies are to flourish,if global poverty is to be eliminated and if the well-being of the world’s people enhanced—not just in this generation but in succeeding generations—we must make sure we take care of the natural environment and resources on which our economic activity depends.”That statement comes not, as you might imagine, from a stereotypical tree-hugging, save-the-world greenie(环保主义者),but from Gordon Brown, a politician with a reputation for rigour, thoroughness and above all, caution.[B]A surprising thing for the man who runs one of the world’s most powerful economies to say? Perhaps; though in the run-up to the five-year review of the Millennium(千年的)Goals ,he is far from alone. The roots of his speech, given in March at the roundtable meeting of environment and energy ministers from the G20 group of nations, stretch back to 1972,and the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm.[C]“The protection and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which affects the well-being of peoples and economic development throughout the world,”read the final declaration from this gathering, the first of a sequence which would lead to the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit in 1992 and the World Development Summit in Johannesburg three years ago.[D]Hunt through the reports prepared by UN agencies and development groups—many for conferences such as this year’s Millennium Goals review—and you will find that the linkage between environmental protection and economic progress is a common thread.[E]Managing ecosystems sustainably is more profitable than exploiting them, according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. But finding hard evidence to support the thesis is not so easy. Thoughts turn first to some sort of global statistic, some indicator which would rate the wealth of nations in both economic and environmental terms and show a relationship between the two.[F]If such an indicator exists, it is well hidden. And on reflection, this is not surprising; the single word“environment”has so many dimensions, and there are so many other factors affecting wealth—such as the oil deposits—that teasing out a simple economy-environment relationship would be almost impossible.[G]The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, a vast four-year global study which reported its initial conclusions earlier this year, found reasons to believe that managing ecosystems sustainably—working with nature rather than against it—might be less profitable in the short term ,but certainly brings long-term rewards.[H]And the World Resources Institute(WRI)in its World Resources 2005 report, issued at the end of August, produced several such examples from Africa and Asia; it also demonstrated that environmental degradation affects the poor more than the rich, as poorer people derive a much higher proportion of their income directly from the natural resources around them.[I]But there are also many examples of growing wealth by trashing the environment, in rich and poor parts of the world alike, whether through unregulated mineral extraction, drastic water use for agriculture,slash-and-burn farming, or fossil-fuel-guzzling(大量消耗)transport. Of course, such growth may not persist in the long term—which is what Mr. Brown and the Stockholm declaration were both attempting to point out. Perhaps the best example of boom growth and bust decline is the Grand Banks fishery. For almost five centuries a very large supply of cod(鳕鱼)provided abundant raw material for an industry which at its peak employed about 40,000 people, sustaining entire communities in Newfoundland. Then, abruptly, the cod population collapsed. There were no longer enough fish in the sea for the stock to maintain itself, let alone an industry .More than a decade later, there was no sign of the ecosystem re-building itself. It had, apparently, been fished out of existence ;and the once mighty Newfoundland fleet now gropes about frantically for crab on the sea floor.[J]There is a view that modern humans are inevitably sowing the seed of a global Grand Banks-style disaster. The idea is that we are taking more out of what you might call the planet’s environmental bank balance than it can sustain; we are living beyond our ecological means. One recent study attempted to calculate the extent of this“ecological overshoot of the human economy”,and found that we are using 1.2 Earth’s-worth of environmental goods and services —the implication being that at some point the debt will be called in,and all those services—the things which the planet does for us for free—will grind to a halt.[K]Whether this is right, and if so where and when the ecological axe will fall, is hard to determine with any precision—which is why governments and financial institutions are only beginning to bring such risks into their economic calculations. It is also the reason why development agencies are not united in their view of environmental issues; while some, like the WRI, maintain that environmental progress needs to go hand-in-hand with economic development, others argue that the priority is to build a thriving economy, and then use the wealth created to tackle environmental degradation.[L]This view assumes that rich societies will invest in environmental care.But is this right?Do things get better or worse as we get richer? Here the Stockholm declaration is ambiguous.“In the developing countries,”it says,“most of the environmental problems are caused by under-development.”So it is saying that economic development should make for a cleaner world? Not necessarily;“In the industralised countries, environmental problems are generally related to industrialisation and technological development,”it continues. In other words, poor and rich both over-exploit the natural world,butfor different reasons. It’s simply not true that economic growth will surely make our world cleaner.[M]Clearly, richer societies are able to provide environmental improvements which lie well beyond the reach of poorer communities. Citizens of wealthy nations demand national parks, clean rivers, clean air andpoison-free food. They also, however, use far more natural resources-fuel, water(all those baths and golf courses)and building materials.[N]A case can be made that rich nations export environmental problems, the most graphic example being climate change. As a country’s wealth grows, so do its greenhouse gas emissions. The figures available will not be completely accurate. Measuring emissions is not a precise science, particularly when it comes to issues surrounding land use; not all nations have re-leasedup-to-date data, and in any case, emissions from some sectors such as aviation are not included in national statistics. But the data is exact enough for a clear trend to be easily discernible. As countries become richer, they produce more greenhouse gases; and the impact of those gases will fall primarily in poor parts of the world.[O]Wealth is not, of course, the only factor involved. The average Norwegian is better off than the average US citizen, but contributes about half as much to climate change. But could Norway keep its standard of living and yet cut its emissions to Moroccan or even Ethiopian levels? That question ,repeated across a dozen environmental issues and across our diverse planet, is what will ultimately determine whether the human race is living beyond its ecological means as it pursues economic revival.36.Examples show that both rich and poor countries exploited the environment for economic progress.37.Environmental protection and improvement benefit people all over the world.38.It is not necessarily true that economic growth will make our world cleaner.39.The common theme of the UN reports is the relation between environmental protection and economic growth.40.Development agencies disagree regarding how to tackle environment issues while ensuring economic progress.41.It is difficult to find solid evidence to prove environmental friendliness generates more profits than exploiting the natural environment.42.Sustainable management of ecosystems will prove rewarding in the long run.43.A politician noted for being cautious asserts that sustainable human development depends on the natural environment.44.Poor countries will have to bear the cost for rich nations’economic development.45.One recent study warns us of the danger of the exhaustion of naturalresources on Earth.Section CPassage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Interactive television advertising, which allows viewers to use their remote controls to click on advertisements, has been pushed for years. Nearly a decade ago it was predicted that viewers of “Friends”, a popular situation comedy, would soon be able to purchase a sweater like Jennifer Aniston’s with a few taps on their remote control.“It’s been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years,”says Colin Dixon of a digital-media consultancy.So the news that Cablevision, and American cable company, was rolling out interactive advertisements to all its customers on October 6th was greeted with some skepticism. During commercials, an overlay will appear at the bottom of the screen, prompting viewers to press a button to request a free sample or order a catalogue. Cablevision hopes to allow customers to buy things with their remote controls early next year.Television advertising could do with a boost. Spending fell by 10% in the first half of the year. The popularization of digital video recorders has caused advertisers to worry that their commercials will be skipped. Some are turning to the Internet, which is cheaper and offers concrete measurements likeclick-through rates—especially important at a time when marketing budgets are tight. With the launch of interactive advertising,“many of the dollars that went to the Internet will come back to the TV,”says David Kline of Cablevision. Or so the industry hopes.In theory, interactive advertising can engage viewers in a way that30-second spots do not. Unilever recently ran an interactive campaign for its Axe deodorant(除臭剂)，which kept viewers engaged for more than three minutes on average.The amount spent on interactive advertising on television is still small. Magna, an advertising agency, reckons it will be worth about $138 million this year. That falls far short of the billions of dollars people once expected it to generate. But DirecTV, Comcast and Time Warner Cable have all invested in it.A new effort led by Canoe Ventures, a coalition of leading cable providers, aims to make interactive advertising available across America later this year. BrightLine iTV, Which designs and sells interactive ads, says interest has surged: it expects its revenues almost to triple this year. BSkyB, Britain’s biggest satellite-television service, already provides 9 million customers with interactive ads.Yet there are doubts whether people watching television, a“lean back”medium, crave interaction. Click-through rates have been high so far(around 3-4%, compared with less than 0.3% online), but that may be a result of the novelty. Interactive ads and viewers might not go well together.46.What does Colin Dixon mean by saying“It’s been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years”(Lines 4-5, Para.1)?A)Interactive television advertising will become popular in 10-12 years.B)Interactive television advertising has been under debate for the last decade or so.C)Interactive television advertising is successful when incorporated into situation comedies.D)Interactive television advertising has not achieved the anticipated results.47.What is the public’s response to Cablevision’s planned interactive TV advertising program?A)Pretty positive.B)Totally indifferent.C)Somewhat doubtful.D)Rather critical.48.What is the impact of the wide use of digital video recorders on TV advertising?A)It has made TV advertising easily accessible to viewers.B)It helps advertisers to measure the click-through rates.C)It has placed TV advertising at a great disadvantage.D)It enables viewers to check the sales items with ease.49.What do we learn about Unilever’s interactive campaign?A)It proves the advantage of TV advertising.B)It has done well in engaging the viewers.C)It helps attract investments in the company.D)it has boosted the TV advertising industry.50.How does the author view the hitherto high click-through rates?A)They may be due to the novel way of advertising.B)They signify the popularity of interactive advertising.C)They point to the growing curiosity of TV viewers.D)They indicate the future direction of media reform.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.What can be done about mass unemployment? All the wise heads agree: there’re no quick or easy answers. There’s work to be done, but workers aren’t ready to do it—they’re in the wrong places, or they have the wrong skills, Our problems are“structural,”and will take many years to solve.But don’t bother asking for evidence that justifies this bleak view. There isn’t any. On the contrary, all the facts suggest that high unemployment in America is the result of inadequate demand. saying that there’re no easy answers sounds wise. But it’s actually foolish: our unemployment crisis could be cured very quickly if we had the intellectual clarity and political will to act. In other words, structural unemployment is a fake problem, which mainly serves as an excusefor not pursing real solutions.The fact is job openings have plunged in every major sector, while the number of workers forced into part-time employment in almost all industries has soared. Unemployment has surged in every major occupational category. Only three states. With a combined population not much larger than that of Brooklyn, have unemployment rates below 5%. So the evidence contradicts the claim that we’re mainly suffering from structural unemployment. Why, then, has this claim become so popular?Part of the answer is that this is what always happens during periods of high unemployment—in part because experts and analysts believe that declaring the problem deeply rooted, with no easy answers, makes them sound serious.I’ve been looking at what self-proclaimed experts were saying about unemployment during the Great Depression; it was almost identical to what Very Serious People are saying now. Unemployment cannot be brought down rapidly, declared one 1935 analysis, because the workforce is“unadaptable and untrained. It cannot respond to the opportunities which industry may offer.”A few years later, a large defense buildup finally provided a fiscal stimulus adequate to the economy’s needs—and suddenly industry was eager to employ those“unadaptable and untrained”workers.But now, as then, powerful forces are ideologically opposed to the whole idea of government action on a sufficient scale to jump-start the economy. And that, fundamentally, is why claims that we face huge structural problems have been multiplying: they offer a reason to do nothing about the mass unemployment that is crippling out economy and our society.So what you need to know is that there’s no evidence whatsoever to back these claims. We aren’t suffering from a shortage of needed skills, We’re suffering from a lack of policy resolve. As I said, structural unemployment isn’t a real problem, it’s an excuse—a reason not to act on America’s problems at a time when action is desperately needed.51.What does the author think is the root cause of mass unemployment in America?A)Corporate mismanagement.B)Insufficient demand.C)Technological advances.D)Workers’slow adaptation.52.What does the author think of the experts’claim concerning unemployment?A)Self-evident.B)Thought-provoking.C)Irrational.D)Groundless.53.What does the author say helped bring down unemployment during the Great Depression?A)The booming defense industry.B)The wise heads’benefit package.C)Nationwide training of workers.D)Thorough restructuring of industries.54.What has caused claims of huge structural problems to multiply?A)Powerful opposition to government’s stimulus efforts.B)Very Serious People’s attempt to cripple the economy.C)Evidence gathered from many sectors of the industries.D)Economists’failure to detect the problems in time.55.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A)To testify to the experts’analysis of America’s problems.B)To offer a feasible solution to the structural unemployment.C)To show the urgent need for the government to take action.D)To alert American workers to the urgency for adaptation.Part IV Translation (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展。
2016年6月六级考试真题(第一套)
2016 年 6 月英语六级真题2016年6月六级考试真题(第一套)Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions ：For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on e —learning ．Tryto imagine what will happen when more and more people study online instead of attending school ．You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words ．Part n Listening Comprehension(25 minutes)Section ADirections ：In this section ．you will hear two long conversations ，At the end of each conversation ，you will ，hear four questions ．Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken onlyonce．After you hear a question ，you must choose the best answer from the four choices markedA ，B ，C andD .Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre ．Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard ．1． A.The restructuring of her company ．B. The man 's switch to a new career ．C. The updating of technology at CucinTech ．D. The project the man managed at CucinTech ．2.A.Talented personnel ．B. Effective promotion ．C. Strategic innovation ．D. Competitive products ．3． A.Innovate constantly ．B. Expand the market ．C. Recruit more talents ．D. Watch out for his competitors ．4．A. Possible bankruptcy ．B. Unforeseen difficulties ．C. Imitation by one ' s competitors ．D. Conflicts within the company ．Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard ．5．A.The importance of language proficiency ．B. The job of an interpreter ．C. The stress felt by professionals ．D. The best Way to effective communication ．6．A. Admirable ．B. P romising ．C. Meaningful ．D. Rewarding ．7． A.Th ey have all passed language proficiency tests ．B. They have all studied cross ．cultural differences ．C. They all have a strong interest in language ．D. They all have professional qualifications ．8． A.It puts one 's long ．term memory under more stress ．B. It is more stressful than simultaneous interpreting．C. It attaches more importance to accuracy ．D. It requires a much larger vocabulary ．Section BDirections ：In this section ，you will hear two passages ．At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions ．Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once ．After you hear a question ，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ，B ，C and D ．Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre ．Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard ．9． A.It might increase mothers ' mental distress ．B. It might increase the risk of infants ' death ．C. It might affect mothers ' health ．D. It might disturb infants ' sleep ．10． A.Mothers who sleep with their babies need a little more sleep each night ．B. Sleeping patterns of mothers greatly affect their newborn babies ' health ．C. Sleeping with infants in the same room has a negative impact on mothers ．D. Mothers whobreast ．feed their babies have a harder time falling asleep ．11． A.Take precautions to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome ．B. Sleep in the same house but not in the same room as their babies ．C. Sleep in the same room but not in the same bed as their babies ．D. Change their sleep patterns to adapt to their newborn babies '．Questions l2 t015 are based on the passage you have just heard ．12． A.More money is needed to record the native languages in the US ．B. The efforts to preserve Indianlanguages have proved fruitless ．C. The US ranks first in the number of endangered languages ．D. A lot of native languages have already died out in the US ．13． A.To set up more language schools ．B. To educate native American children ．C. To revitalise America ' s native languages ．D. To document endangered languages ．14． A.The US government 's policy of Americanising Indian children ．B. The failure of American Indian languages to gain an official status ．C. The long ．time isolation of American Indians from the outside world ．D. The US government ' s unwillingness to spend money educating Indians ．15． A.It is widely used in language immersion schools ．B. It speeds up the extinction of native languages ．C. It is being utilised to teach native languages ．D. It tells traditional stories during family time ．Section CDirections ：In this section ，you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or fourquestions ．The recordings Will be played only once ．After you hear a question ，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ，B ， C and D．Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet l with a single line through the centre ．Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard ．16． A.It provides them with the basic necessities of everyday life ．B. It pays their living expenses until they find employment again ．C. It covers their mortgage payments and medical expenses for 99 weeksD. It pays them up to half of their previous wages while they look for work17． A.Convincing local lawmakers to extend unemployment benefits ．B. Creating jobs for the huge army of unemployed workers ．C. Providing training and guidance for unemployed workers ．D. Raising funds to help those having no unemployment insurance ．18． A.To encourage big businesses to hire back workers with government subsidiesB. To create more jobs by encouraging private investments in local companiesC. To allow them to postpone their monthly mortgage payments ．D. To offer them loans they need to start their own businesses ．Questions l9 t022 are based on the recording you have just heard ．19． A. They investigated the ice ．B. They analyzed the water content ．C. They explored the ocean floor ．D. They measured the depths of sea water ．20． A.The ice decrease is more evident than previously thought ．B. The ice ensures the survival of many endangered species ．C. Most of the ice was accumulated over the past centuries ．D. Eighty percent of the ice disappears in summer time ．21． A.The melting Arctic ice has drowned many coastal cities ．B. Arctic ice is a major source of the world ' s flesh water ．C. Arctic ice is essential to human survival ．D. The decline of Arctic ice is irreversible ．22． A. There is no easy technological solution to it ．B. It will advance nuclear technology ．C. There is no easy way ．to understand it ．D. It will do a lot of harm to mankind ．Questions 23 t025 are based on the recording you have just heard ．23． A. The deciding factor in children ' s academic performance ．B. The health problems of children raised by a single parent ．C. The relation between children ' s self-control and their future successD. The reason why New Zealand children seem to have better self-control24． A. Those with a criminal record mostly come from single parent familiesB. Children raised by single parents will have a hard time in their thirtiesC. Parents must learn to exercise self-control in front of their childrenD. Lack of self-control in parents is a disadvantage for their children25． A. Self-control problems will diminish as one grows up ．B. Self-control can be improved through education ．C. Self-control can improve one ' s financial situation ．D. Self-control problems may be detected early in children ．Part 山Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections : In this section . there is a passage with ten blanks . You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage . Read the passage through carefully before making your choices . Each choice in the bank is identified bya letter Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre . You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once .Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage .Let ' s say you love roller-skating . Just the thought of 26 on your roller . skates brings a smile to your face . You also know that roller-skating is excellent exercise . You have a 27 attitude toward it .This description of roller-skating 28 the three components of an attitude : affect , cognition , and behavior . You love the activity ；it's great fun . These feelings 29 the affective or emotional component ；they are an important ingredient in attitudes . The knowledge we have about the object constitutes the cognitive component of an attitude . You understand the health 30 that the activitycan bring . Finally,attitudes have a behavioral component . Our attitudes 31 us to go outsideto enjoy roller —skating .Now . we don' t want t01eave you with the 32 that these three components always work together 33 . They don' t : sometimes they clash . For example , let ' s say you love pizza(affective component)；however,you have high cholesterol and understand(knowledge component) that eating pizza may be bad for your health . Which behavior will your attitude result in , eating pizza or 34 it?Theanswer depends off which component happens to be stronger . If you are walking past a pizza restaurant at lunchtime . Your emotions and feelings probably will be stronger than your knowledge that pizza may not be the best food for your health . In that instance . you have pizza for lunch . If you are at hometrying to decide where to go for dinner,however,the knowledge component may 35 , and you decide to go where you can eat a healthier mealA. avoidingB. benefitsC. highlightD. illustratesE. impressionF. improvesG. inquiringH. perfectlyI. positiveJ. prevailK. primarilyL. promptM. specificationsN. strappingO. typicalSection BDirections : In this section . you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it . Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs . Identify the paragraph from whichthe information is derived You may choose a paragraph more than once ． Each paragraph is markedwith a letter． Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2 ．The Changing Generation[A] It turns out today 's teenagers aren 't so scary after all ．Results of USAWEEKEN 'Ds Teens&Parents survey reveal a generation of young people who get along well with their parents and approve of the way they 're being raised ．They think of their parents with affection and respect ． They speak with Mom or Dad when they have a problem ． Most feel that their parents understand them ．and they believe their family is the No.1 priority in their parents ' lives ．Many even think their parents are cool!Although more than a third have an object in their rooms they would like to keep secret from their parents ． rarely is it anything more alarming than a diary or off-color （ 低俗的 ） bookor CD ．[B] Such results may seem surprising against the background of shocking incidents that color the way the mass media portray the young．In October 2000 ，the same month the survey was taken ，the Washington ． based Center for Media and Public Affairs wrote in its publication Media Monitor that,in a recent month of TV news coverage of American youth ，just 2％of teens were shown at home ， and just 1％were portrayed in a work setting ． In contrast ，the criminal justice system accounted for nearly one out of every lave visual backgrounds ．No wonder parents worry their own kids might spin out of control once they hit the turbulent waters of adolescence．[C] The overall facts ought to reassure us ． The survey shows us that today ' s teens are affectionate ． sensible and tar happier than the angry and tortured souls that have been painted for us by stereotypes ．From other sources ，we also know teenage crime ，drug abuse and premaritalsex are in general decline ． Weof course ， need to pay attentionyoung people ．[D] My own research at the Stanford Center on Adolescence uses in samples of youngsters rather than large‘ scale surveys ．Stillread ， I find the samepatterns as in USAWEEKEN 'Ds survey ．Today ' s teenagers admire their parents and welcome parental guidance about important matters such as career choicenot Morn and Dad ' s advice on matters of personal taste teens to choose a hero ，they usually select an older family member rather than a remote public figure ．Most teens say they enjoy the company of both parents and friends ．[E] Contrary to some stereotypes ， most adolescents believe they must be tolerant of differences amongindividuals （though they do not always find this easy in the cliquish （ 拉帮结派的 ）environment of high school ）.Many of them volunteer for community service with disadvantaged people ． Oneprevalent quality we have round in teens' statements about themselves，their friends and theirfamilies is a strikingly positive emotional tone ． By and large ， these are very nice kids ， andas the band The Who used to sing，“ The kids are alright ．”[F] Howmuch is today 's sprat of harmony a change from our more turbulent past?A mere generation ago , parent 。
2016 年 6 月大学英语六级考试真题
2016 年6 月大学英语六级考试真题Part I Writing 渊30 minutes冤Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it isunwise to jump to conclusions upon seeing or hearing something. You can give examples toillustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Writeyour essay on Answer Sheet 1.注意院此部分试题请在答题卡1 上作答遥Part II Listening Comprehension 渊30 minutes冤Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At theend of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be apause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A冤, B 冤, C冤and D冤, and decidewhich is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a singleline through the centre.注意院此部分试题请在答题卡1 上作答遥1. A冤College tuition has become a heavy burden for the students. B冤College students are in general politically active nowadays.C冤He took part in many protests when he was at college.D冤He is doubtful about the effect of the students爷action.2. A冤The class has kept the party a secret from Jay.B冤Jay is organizing a party for the retiring dean.C冤Jay is surprised to learn of the party for him.D冤The dean will come to Jay爷s birthday party.3. A冤He found his wallet in his briefcase.B冤He went to the lost-and-found office.C冤He told the woman to go and pick up his car.D冤He left his things with his car in the garage.1 要六级2014.64. A冤The show he directed turned out to be a success.B冤He watches only those comedies by famous directors.C冤TV comedies have not improved much since the 1960s.D冤New comedies are exciting, just like those in the 1960s.5. A冤The man should stop boiling the vegetables.B冤The man should try out some new recipes.C冤Overcooked vegetables are often tasteless.D冤All vegetables should be cooked fresh.6. A冤Help them tidy up the house. B冤Sort out their tax returns.C冤Help them to decode a message. D冤Figure out a way to avoid taxes.7. A冤The woman remains a total mystery to him.B冤The woman is still trying to finish her work.C冤He has devoted a whole month to his research.D冤He didn爷t expect to complete his work so soon.8. A冤He has failed to register for the course.B冤He would like to major in psychology too.C冤There should be more time for registration.D冤Developmental psychology is newly offered.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 9. A冤The brilliant product design.B冤The unique craftsmanship.C冤The new colour combinations.D冤The texture of the fabrics.10.A冤Fancy products. B冤Local handicrafts.C冤Traditional Thai silks. D冤Unique tourist attractions.11. A冤It will start tomorrow.B冤It will last only one day.C冤It will be out into the countryside.D冤It will be on the following weekend.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A冤A year of practical training.B冤A happy childhood.2 要六级2014.6C冤A pleasant neighbourhood.D冤A good secondary education.13. A冤He is good at carpentry.B冤He is academically gifted.C冤He should be sent to a private school.D冤He ought to get good vocational training.14. A冤Donwell School.B冤Carlton Abbey.C冤Enderby High.D冤Enderby Comprehensive.15. A冤Find out more about the five schools.B冤Send their children to a better private school.C冤Talk with their children about their decision.D冤Put Keith in a good boarding school.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you willhear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A冤, B冤, C冤andD冤. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.注意院此部分试题请在答题卡1 上作答遥Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A冤It will be well ventilated.B冤It will be brightly lit.C冤It will provide easy access to the disabled.D冤It will have a large space for storage.17. A冤Opposite to the library. B冤On the same floor as the labs.C冤On the first floor. D冤On the ground floor.18. A冤To make the building appear traditional.B冤To cut theconstruction cost to the minimum.C冤To match the style of construction on the site.D冤To embody the subcommittee爷s design concepts.3 要六级2014.6Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard. 19. A冤Sell financial software.B冤Write financial software.C冤Conduct research on financial software.D冤Train clients to use financial software.20. A冤Rewarding. B冤Unsuccessful.C冤Tedious. D冤Important.21.A冤Heprovided individual support.B冤He held group discussions.C冤He gave the traineeslecture notes.D冤Heoffered online tutorials.22.A冤Nobody is able to solve all the problems in a couple of weeks. B冤The fault might lie in his style of presenting the information.C冤The trainees爷problems had to be dealt with one by one.D冤The employees were a bit slow to follow his instruction. Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. 23. A冤Their teachers meet them only in class.B冤Their parents tend to overprotect them.C冤They have little close contact with adults.D冤They rarelyread any books about adults.24. A冤Writers and lawyers are brought in to talk to students.B冤Real-lifecases are simulated for students to learn law.C冤More Teacher and Writer Collaboratives are being set up.D冤Opportunities are created for children to become writers.25. A冤Children like to form partnerships with each other.B冤Childrenare often the best teachers of other children.C冤Paired learning cultivates the spirit ofcooperation.D冤Sixth-graders can teach first-graders as well as teachers.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the4 要六级2014.6first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the sec鄄ond time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally,when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.注意院此部分试题请在答题卡1 上作答遥Tests may be the most unpopular part of academic life. Students hatethem because they pro-duce fear and 渊26冤about being evaluated, and a focus on grades instead of learning forlearning爷s sake.But tests are also valuable. A well-constructed test 渊27冤what you know and what youstill need to learn. Tests help you see how your performance 渊28冤that of others. And know-ing that you爷ll test on 渊29冤material is certainly likely to 渊30冤you to learn the ma-terial more thoroughly.However, there爷s another reason youmight dislike tests: You may assume that tests have thepower to 渊31冤your worth as a person. If you do badly on a test, you may be tempted to be-lieve that you爷ve received some 渊32冤information about yourself from the professor, infor-mation that says you爷re a failure in some significant way.This is a dangerous要and wrong-headed要assumption. If you do badly on a test, it doesn爷tmean you爷re a bad person or stupid. Or that you爷ll never do better again, and that your life is渊33冤. If you don爷t do well on a test, you爷re the same person you were before you took thetest要no better, no worse. You just did badly on a test. That爷s it.渊34冤, tests are not a measure of your value as an individual要they are a measure onlyof how well and how much you studied. Tests are tools; they are indirect and 渊35冤measures of what we know.Part III Reading Comprehension 渊40 minutes冤Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select oneword for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by aletter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single linethrough the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Millions of Americans are entering their 60s and are more concernedthan ever about retire-5 要六级2014.6ment. They know they need to save, but how much? And what exactly are they saving for要to spendmore time 36 the grandkids, gotravelling, or start another career? It turns out that husbands andwives may have 37 different ideas about the subject.The deepest divide is in the way spouses envisage their lifestyle in their later years. Fidelity In-vestments Inc. found 41 percent of the 500 couples it surveyed 38 on whether both or at least onespouse will work in retirement. Wives are generally right regarding their husbands爷retirement age,but men 39 the age their wives will be when they stop working. And husbands are slightly more40 about their standard of living than wives are.Busy juggling 渊穷于应付冤careers and families, most couples don爷t take the time to sit down,41 or together, and think about what they would like to do 5, 10, or 20 years from now. They42 they are on the same page, but the 43 is they have avoided eventalking about it.If you are self-employed or in a job that doesn爷t have a standard retirement age, you may bemore apt to delay thinking about these issues. It is often a 44 retirement date that provides the cat鄄alyst 渊催化剂冤to start planning. Getting laid off or accepting an early-retirement 45 can forceyour hand. But don爷t wait until you get a severance 渊遣散费冤check to begin planning.注意院此部分试题请在答题卡2 上作答遥A冤assume B冤confidential C冤disagree D冤formulaE冤forthcoming F冤illustrating G冤mysteriously H冤observeI冤optimistic J冤package K冤radically L冤realityM冤separately N冤spoiling O冤underestimateSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph fromwhich the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraphis marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2.What If Middle - Class Jobs Disappear?A冤The most recent recession in the United States began in December of 2007 and ended in June of2009, according to the National Bureau of Economic Research. However, two years after the of-ficial end of the recession, few Americans would say that economic troubles are behind us. Theunemployment rate, in particular, remains above 9%. Some labour market indicators, such as theproportion of long-term unemployed, are worse now than for any post-war recession.6 要六级2014.6B冤There are two widely circulated narratives to explain what爷s going on. The Keynesian narrativeis that there has been a major drop in aggregate demand. According to this narrative, the slumpcan be largely cured by using monetary and fiscal 渊财政的冤stimulus. The main anti-Keynesiannarrative is that businesses are suffering from uncertainty andover-regulation. According to thisnarrative, the slump can be cured by having the government commit to and follow a morehands-off approach.C冤I want to suggest a third interpretation. Without ruling out a role for aggregate demand or for theregulatory environment, I wish to suggest that structural change is an important factor in the cur-rent rate of high unemployment. The economy is in a state of transition, in which the mid-dle-class jobs that emerged after World War II have begun to decline. As Erik Brynjolfsson andAndrew McAfee put it in a recent e-book Race Against the Machine: 野The root of our problemsis not that we爷re in a great recession, or a great stagnation 渊停滞冤, but rather that we are in theearly throes 渊阵痛冤of a great restructuring.冶D冤In fact, I believe that the Great Depression of the 1930s can also be interpreted in part as an eco-nomic transition. The impact of the internal combustionengine 渊内燃机冤and the small electricmotor on farming and manufacturing reduced the value of uneducatedlabourers. Instead, by the1950s, a middle class of largely clerical 渊从事文秘工作的冤workers was the most significantpart of the labour force. Between 1930 and 1950, the United States economy underwent a GreatTransition. Demand fell for human effort such as lifting, squeezing, and hammering. Demand in-creased for workers who could read and follow directions. The evolutionary process eventuallychanged us from a nation of labourers to a nation of clerks.E冤The proportion of employment classified as 野clerical workers冶grew from 5.2% in 1910 to a peakof 19.3 percent in 1980. 渊However, by 2000 this proportion had edged down to 17.4 %.冤Over-all, workers classified as clerical workers, technical workers, managers, officials exceeded 50%of the labour force by 2000. Corresponding declines took place in the manual occupations.Workers classified as labourers, other than farm hands or miners, peaked at 11.4% of the labourforce in 1920 but were barely 6% by 1950 and less than 4% by 2000. Farmers and farm labourersfell from 33% of the labour force in 1910 to less than 15% by 1950 and only 1.2% in 2000.F冤The introduction of the tractor and improvements in the factory rapidly reducedthe demand foruneducated workers. By the 1930s, a marginal farm hand could not produce enough to justify hisemployment. Sharecropping, never much better than a subsistence occupation, was no longer vi鄄able 渊可行的冤. Meanwhile, machines were replacing manufacturing occupations like cigar7 要六级2014.6rolling and glass blowing for light bulbs.G冤The structural-transition interpretation of the unemployment problem of the 1930s would be thatthe demand for uneducated workers in the United States had fallen, but the supply remainedhigh. The high school graduation rate was only 8.8% in 1912 and still just 29% in 1931. By1950, it had reached 59%. With a new generation of workers who had completed high school,the mismatch between skills and jobs had been greatly reduced.H冤What took place after the Second World War was not the revival of a 1920s economy, with itssmall farming units, urban manufacturing, and plurality of labourers. Instead, the 1950s saw thecreation of a new suburban economy, with a plurality of white-collar workers. With an expandedtransportation and communications infrastructure 渊基础设施冤,businesses needed telephone op-erators, shipping clerks, and similar occupations. If you could read, follow simple instructions,and settle into a routine, you could find a job in the post-war economy. I冤The trend away from manual labour has continued. Even within the manufacturing sector, theshare of production and non-supervisoryworkers in manufacturing employment went from over85% just after the Second World War to less than 70% in more recent years. To put this anotherway, the proportion of white-collar work in manufacturing has doubled over the past 50 years.On the factory floor itself, work has become less physically demanding. Instead, it requires morecognitive skills and the ability to understand and carry out well-definedprocedures.J冤As noted earlier, the proportion of clerical workers in the economy peaked in 1980. By that date,computers and advanced communications equipment had alreadybegun to affect telephone oper-ations and banking. The rise of the personal computer and the Internet has widened the impact ofthese technologies to include nearly every business and industry.K冤The economy today differs from that of a generation ago. Mortgage and consumer loan under鄄writers 渊风险评估人冤have been replaced by credit scoring. Record stores have been replacedby music downloads. Book stores are closing, while sales of books on electronic readers have in-creased. Data entry has been moved off shore. Routine customer support also has been out鄄sourced 渊外包冤overseas.L冤These trends serve to limit the availability of well-defined jobs. If a job can be characterized by aprecise set of instructions, then that job is a candidate to be automated or outsourced to modestlyeducated workers in developing countries. The result is what David Autorcalls the polarizationof the American job market.M冤Using the latest Census Bureau data, Matthew Slaughter found that from 2000 to 2010 the real8 要六级2014.6earnings of college graduates 渊with no advanced degree冤fell by more in percentage terms thanthe earnings of high school graduates. In fact, over this period the only education category toshow an increase in earnings was those with advanced degrees.N冤The outlook for mid-skill jobs would not appear to be bright. Communication technology andcomputer intelligence continue to improve, putting more occupations at risk. For example, manypeople earn a living as drivers, including trucks and taxicabs. However, the age of driver-less ve-hicles appears to be moving closer. Another example is in the field of education. In the fall of2011, an experiment with an online course in artificial intelligence conducted by two Stanfordprofessors drew tens of thousands of registrants 渊报名者冤. Thisincreases the student-teacher ra-tio by a factor of close to a thousand. Imagine the number of teaching jobs that might be elimi-nated if this could be done for math, economics, chemistry, and so on.O冤It爷s important to bear in mind that when we offer a structural interpretation of unemployment, a野loss of jobs冶means an increase in productivity. Traditionally, economists have argued that pro-ductivity increases are a good thing, even though they may cause unemployment for some work-ers in the short run. In the long run, the economy does not run out of jobs. Rather, new jobs e-merge as old jobs disappear. The story we tell is that average well-being rises, and the more thatpeople are able to adapt, the more widespread the improvement becomes.注意院此部分试题请在答题卡2 上作答遥46. Evenfactoryfloorworktodayhasbecomeintellectuallychallengingrathertha nphysically demand-ing.47. Increases in productivity prove beneficial though some people maylose their jobs temporarily.48. The unemployment rate remained high even two years afterthe governmentdeclared the recent re-cession was over.49. Theauthor suggests thatthe recent high unemploymentrate is mainlycaused bya decrease ofmid-dle-class jobs.50. The creation of a suburban economy in the 1950s created lots of office jobs.51. In the first decade of the 21st century, only people with postgraduate degrees experienced an in-crease in earnings.52. One economics theory suggests using monetary and fiscal stimulus to cope with an economic re-cession.53. The popularity of online courses may eliminate many teaching jobs.54. Computer technology has brought about revolutionary changes in the record and book business.9 要六级2014.655.White-collarworkersaccountedformorethanhalfofthelabourforcebythe endof the20thcentury.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A 冤, B冤, C冤and D 冤. Youshould decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with asingle line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.野Deep reading冶要as opposed to the often superficial reading we do on the Web要is an endan-gered practice, one we ought to take steps to preserve as we would a historic building or a significantwork of art. Its disappearance would jeopardize the intellectual and emotional development of gener-ations growing up online, as well as the preservation of a critical part of our culture: the novels, po-ems and other kinds of literature that can be appreciated only by readers whose brains, quite literally,have been trained to apprehend them.Recent research in cognitive science and psychology has demonstratedthat deep reading要slow, immersive, rich in sensory detail and emotional and moral complexity要is a distinctive experi-ence, different in kind from the mere decoding of words.Although deep reading does not,strictlyspeaking, require a conventional book, the built-in limits of the printed page are uniquely helpful tothe deep reading experience. A book爷s lack of hyperlinks 渊超链接冤, for example, frees the readerfrom making decisions要Should I click on this link or not?要allowing her to remain fully immersedin the narrative.That immersion is supported by the way the brain handles language rich in detail, indirect refer-ence and figures of speech: by creating a mental representation that draws on the same brain regionsthat would beactive if the scene were unfolding in real life. The emotional situations and moraldilemmas that are the stuff of literature are also vigorous exercise for the brain, propelling us insidethe heads of fictional characters and even, studies suggest, increasing our real-life capacity for em鄄pathy 渊认同冤.None of this is likely to happen when we爷re browsing through a website. Although we call theactivity by the same name, the deep reading of books and the information-driven reading we do onthe Web are very different, both in the experience they produce and in the capacities they develop. Agrowing body of evidence suggests that online reading may be less engaging and less satisfying, evenfor the 野digital natives冶for whom it is so familiar. Last month, for example, Britain爷s National Lit-10 要六级2014.6eracy Trust released the results of a study of 34,910 young people aged 8 to 16. Researchers reportedthat 39% of children and teens read daily using electronic devices, but only 28% read printed materi-als every day. Those who read only onscreen were three times less likely to say they enjoy readingvery much and athird less likely to have a favorite book. The study also found that young peoplewho read daily only onscreen were nearly two times less likely tobeabove-average readers thanthose who read daily in print or both in print and onscreen.注意院此部分试题请在答题卡2 上作答遥56. What does the author say about 野deep reading冶?A冤It serves as a complement to online reading.B冤It should be preserved before it is too late.C冤It is mainly suitable for reading literature.D冤It is an indispensable part of education.57. Why does the author advocate the reading of literature?A冤It helps promote readers爷intellectual and emotional growth. B冤It enables readers to appreciate the complexity of language.C冤It helps readers build up immersive reading habits.D冤It is quickly becoming an endangered practice.58. In what way does printed-page reading differ from online reading? A冤It ensures the reader爷s cognitive growth.B冤It enables the reader to be fully engaged.C冤It activates a different region of the brain.D冤It helps the reader learn rhetorical devices.59. What do the studies show about online reading?A冤It gradually impairs one爷s eyesight.B冤It keeps arousing readers爷curiosity.C冤It provides up-to-date information.D冤It renders reading less enjoyable.60. What do we learn from the study released by Britain爷s National Literacy Turst?A冤Onscreen readers may be less competent readers.B冤Those who do reading in print are less informed.C冤Young people find reading onscreen more enjoyable.D冤It is now easier to find a favourite book online to read.11 要六级2014.6Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Many current discussions of immigration issues talk about immigrants in general, as if theywere abstract people in anabstract world. But the concrete differences between immigrants from dif-ferent countries affect whether their coming here is good or bad for the American people.The very thought of formulating immigration laws from the standpoint of what is best for theAmerican people seems to have been forgotten by many who focus on how to solve the problems ofillegal immigrants.It is hard to look for 野the ideal outcome冶on immigration in the abstract. Economics ProfessorMilton Friedman once said, 野The best is the enemy of the good,冶which to me meant that attempts toachieve an unattainable ideal can prevent us from reaching good outcomes that are possible in prac-tice.Too much of our current immigration controversy is conducted in terms of abstract ideals, suchas 野We are a nation of immigrants.冶Of course we are a nation of immigrants. But we are also a na-tion of people who wear shoes. Does it follow that we should admit anybody who wears shoes?The immigrants of today are very different in many ways from those who arrived here a hun-dred years ago. Moreover, the society in which they arrive is different. To me, it is better to build awall around the welfare state than the country.But the welfare state is already here要and, far from having a wall built around it, the welfarestate is expanding in all directions. We do not have a choice between the welfare state and open bor-ders. Anything we try to do as regards immigration laws has to be done in the context of a huge wel-fare state that is already a major, inescapable fact of life.Among other facts of life utterly ignored by many advocates of de facto amnesty 渊事实上的大赦冤is that the free international movement of people is different from free international trade ingoods.Buying cars or cameras from other countries is not the same as admitting people from thosecountries or any other countries. Unlike inanimate objects, people have cultures and not all culturesare compatible with the culture in this country that has produced such benefits for the American peo-ple for so long.Not only the United States, but the Western worldingeneral, has been discovering the hardway that admitting people with incompatible cultures is an irreversible decision with incalculableconsequences. If we donot see that after recent terrorist attacks on the streets of Boston and London,12 要六级2014.6when will we see it?野Comprehensive immigration reform冶means doing everything all together in a rush, withouttime to look before we leap, and basing ourselves on abstract notions about abstract people.注意院此部分试题请在答题卡2 上作答遥61. What does the author say about immigrants in America?A冤They all hope to gain citizenship and enjoy the welfare.B冤They come to America with different dreams and purposes.C冤Their background may determine whether they benefit the American people.D冤Their cultures affect the extent to which they will achieve success in America.62. What does the author try to say by citing Milton Friedman爷s remark?A冤It is hardly practical to find an ideal solution to America爷s immigration problem.B冤Ideal outcomes could be produced only by comprehensive immigration reform.C冤As for immigration, good results cannot be achieved without good intentions.。
2016年6月大学英语六级考试真题试卷及解析(全三套无听力)
2016年6月大学英语六级考试真题试卷及答案（第1套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on living in the virtual world. Try to imagine what will happen when people spend more and more time in the virtual world instead of interacting in the real world. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Pursuing a career is an essential part of adolescent development.“The adolescent becomes an adult when he_26_a real job.”To cognit ive researchers like Piaget,adulthoodmeant the beginning of an_27_.Piaget argued that once adolescents enter the world of work,their newly acquired ability to form hypotheses allows them to create representations that are too ideal.The_28_of such ideals,without the tempering of the reality of a job or profession,rapidly leads adolescents to become _29_ of the non-idealistic world and to press for reform in a characteristically adolescent way.Piaget said:“True adaptation to society comes_30_when the adole scent reformer attempts to put his ideas to work.”Of course,youthful idealism is often courageous,and no one likes to give up dreams.Perhaps,taken_31_out of context,Piaget’s statement seems harsh.What he was_32_，however,is the way reality can modify idealistic views.Some people refer to such modification as maturity.Piaget argued that attaining and accepting a vocation is one of the best ways to modify idealized views and to mature.As careers and vocations become less available during times of _33_,adolescents may be especially hard hit.Such difficult economic times may leave many adolescents_34_about their roles in society.For this reason,community interventions and government job programs that offer summer and vacation work are not only economically_35_but also help to stimulate the adolescent’s sense of worth.A)automatically I)incidentallyB)beneficial J)intolerantC)capturing K)occupationD)confused L)promisesE)emphasizing M)recessionF)entrance N)slightlyG)excited O)undertakes H)existenceSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Can societies be rich and green?[A]“If our economies are to flourish,if global poverty is to be eliminated and if the well-being of the world’s people enhanced—not just in this generation but in succeeding generations—we must make sure we take care of the natural environment and resources on which our economic activity depends.”That statement comes not,as you might imagine,from a stereotypical tree-hugging,save-the-world greenie(环保主义者),but fromGordon Brown,a politician with a reputation for rigour,thoroughness and above all,caution.[B]A surprising thing for the man who runs one of the world’s most powerful economies to say?Perhaps;though in the run-up to the five-year review of the Millennium(千年的)Goals,he is far from alone.The roots of his speech,given in March at the roundtable meeting of environment and energy ministers from the G20 group of nations,stretch back to 1972,and the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm.[C]“The protection and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which affects the well-being of peoples and economic development throughout the world,”read the final declaration from this gathering,the first of a sequence which would lead to the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit in 1992 and the World Development Summit in Johannesburg three years ago.[D]Hunt through the reports prepared by UN agencies and development groups—many for conferences such as this year’s Millennium Goals review—and you will find that the linkage between environmental protection and economic progress is a common thread.[E]Managing ecosystems sustainably is more profitable than exploiting them,according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment.But finding hard evidence to support the thesis is not so easy.Thoughts turn first to some sort of global statistic,some indicator which would rate the wealth of nations in both economic and environmental terms and show arelationship between the two.[F]If such an indicator exists,it is well hidden.And on reflection,this is not surprising;the single word“environment”has so many dimensions,and there are so many other factors affecting wealth—such as the oil deposits—that teasing out a simple economy-environment relationship would be almost impossible.[G]The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment,a vast four-year global study which reported its initial conclusions earlier this year,found reasons to believe that managing ecosystems sustainably—working with nature rather than against it—might be less profitable in the short term,but certainly brings long-term rewards.[H]And the World Resources Institute(WRI)in its World Resources 2005 report,issued at the end of August,produced several such examples from Africa and Asia;it also demonstrated that environmental degradation affects the poor more than the rich,as poorer people derive a much higher proportion of their income directly from the natural resources around them.[I]But there are also many examples of growing wealth by trashing the environment,in rich and poor parts of the world alike,whether through unregulated mineral extraction,drastic water use for agriculture,slash-and-burn farming,or fossil-fuel-guzzling(大量消耗)transport.Of course,such growth may not persist in the long term—which is whatMr.Brown and the Stockholm declaration were both attempting to point out.Perhaps the best example of boom growth and bust decline is the Grand Banks fishery.For almost five centuries a very large supply of cod(鳕鱼)provided abundant raw material for an industry which at its peak employed about 40,000 people,sustaining entire communities in Newfoundland.Then,abruptly,the cod population collapsed.There were no longer enough fish in the sea for the stock to maintain itself,let alone an industry.More than a decade later,there was no sign of the ecosystem re-building itself.It had,apparently,been fished out of existence;and the once mighty Newfoundland fleet now gropes about frantically for crab on the sea floor.[J]There is a view that modern humans are inevitably sowing the seed of a global Grand Banks-style disaster.The idea is that we are taking more out of what you might call the planet’s environmental bank balance than it can sustain;we are living beyond our ecological means.One recent study attempted to calculate the extent of this“ecological overshoot of the human economy”,and found that we are using 1.2 Earth’s-worth of environmental goods and services—the implication being that at some point the debt will be called in,and all those services—the things which the planet does for us for free—will grind to a halt.[K]Whether this is right,and if so where and when the ecological axe will fall,is hard to determine with any precision—which is why governments and financial institutions are only beginning to bring such risks into their economic calculations.It is also the reasonwhy development agencies are not united in their view of environmental issues;while some,like the WRI,maintain that environmental progress needs to go hand-in-hand with economic development,others argue that the priority is to build a thriving economy,and then use the wealth created to tackle environmental degradation.[L]This view assumes that rich societies will invest in environmental care.But is this right?Do things get better or worse as we get richer? Here the Stockholm declaration is ambiguous.“In the developing countries,”it says,“most of the environmental problems are caused by under-development.”So it is saying that economic development should make for a cleaner world?Not necessarily;“In the industralised countries,environmental problems are generally related to industrialisation and technological development,”it continues.In other words,poor and rich both over-exploit the natural world,but for different reasons.It’s simply not true that economic growth will surely make our world cleaner.[M]Clearly,richer societies are able to provide environmental improvements which lie well beyond the reach of poorer communities.Citizens of wealthy nations demand national parks,clean rivers,clean air and poison-free food.They also,however,use far more natural resources-fuel,water(all those baths and golf courses)and building materials.[N]A case can be made that rich nations export environmental problems,the most graphic example being climate change.As a country’s wealth grows,so do its greenhouse gas emissions.The figures available will not be completely accurate.Measuring emissions isnot a precise science, particularly when it comes to issues surrounding land use;not all nations have re-leased up-to-date data,and in any case,emissions from some sectors such as aviation are not included in national statistics.But the data is exact enough for a clear trend to be easily discernible.As countries become richer,they produce more greenhouse gases;and the impact of those gases will fall primarily in poor parts of the world.[O]Wealth is not,of course,the only factor involved.The average Norwegian is better off than the average US citizen,but contributes about half as much to climate change.But could Norway keep its standard of living and yet cut its emissions to Moroccan or even Ethiopian levels?That question,repeated across a dozen environmental issues and across our diverse planet,is what will ultimately determine whether the human race is living beyond its ecological means as it pursues economic revival.36.Examples show that both rich and poor countries exploited the environment for economic progress.37.Environmental protection and improvement benefit people all over the world.38.It is not necessarily true that economic growth will make our world cleaner.39.The common theme of the UN reports is the relation between environmental protectionand economic growth.40.Development agencies disagree regarding how to tackle environment issues while ensuring economic progress.41.It is difficult to find solid evidence to prove environmental friendliness generates more profits than exploiting the natural environment.42.Sustainable management of ecosystems will prove rewarding in the long run.43.A politician noted for being cautious asserts that sustainable human development depends on the natural environment.44.Poor countries will have to bear the cost for rich nations’ economic development.45.One recent study warns us of the danger of the exhaustion of natural resources on Earth.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices markedA),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Interactive television advertising, which allows viewers to use their remote controls to click on advertisements, has been pushed for years. Nearly a decade ago it was predicted that viewers of “Friends”, a popular situation comedy, would soon be able to purchase a sweater like Jennifer Aniston’s with a few taps on their remote control.“It’s been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twel ve years,”says Colin Dixon of a digital-media consultancy.So the news that Cablevision, and American cable company, was rolling out interactive advertisements to all its customers on October 6th was greeted with some skepticism. During commercials, an overlay will appear at the bottom of the screen, prompting viewers to press a button to request a free sample or order a catalogue. Cablevision hopes to allow customers to buy things with their remote controls early next year.Television advertising could do with a boost. Spending fell by 10% in the first half of the year. The popularization of digital video recorders has caused advertisers to worry thattheir commercials will be skipped. Some are turning to the Internet, which is cheaper and offers concrete measurements like click-through rates—especially important at a time when marketing budgets are tight. With the launch of interactive advertising,“many of the dollars that went to the Internet will come back to the TV,”says David Kline of Cablevision. Or so the industry hopes.In theory, interactive advertising can engage viewers in a way that 30-second spots do not. Unilever recently ran an interactive campaign for its Axe deodorant(除臭剂)，which kept viewers engaged for more than three minutes on average.The amount spent on interactive advertising on television is still small. Magna, an advertising agency, reckons it will be worth about $138 million this year. That falls far short of the billions of dollars people once expected it to generate. But DirecTV, Comcast and Time Warner Cable have all invested in it. A new effort led by Canoe Ventures, a coalition of leading cable providers, aims to make interactive advertising available across America later this year. BrightLine iTV, Which designs and sells interactive ads, says interest has surged: it expects its revenues almost to triple this year. BSkyB, Britain’s biggest satellite-television service, already provides 9 million customers with interactive ads.Yet there are doubts whether people watching telev ision, a“lean back”medium, crave interaction. Click-through rates have been high so far(around 3-4%, compared with less than 0.3% online), but that may be a result of the novelty. Interactive ads and viewersmight not go well together.46.What does Colin Dixon mean by saying“It’s been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years”(Lines 4-5, Para.1)?A)Interactive television advertising will become popular in 10-12 years.B)Interactive television advertising has been under debate for the last decade or so.C)Interactive television advertising is successful when incorporated into situation comedies.D)Interactive television advertising has not achieved the anticipated results.47.What is the public’s response to Cablevision’s planned interactive TV advertising program?A)Pretty positive.B)Totally indifferent.C)Somewhat doubtful.D)Rather critical.48.What is the impact of the wide use of digital video recorders on TV advertising?A)It has made TV advertising easily accessible to viewers.B)It helps advertisers to measure the click-through rates.C)It has placed TV advertising at a great disadvantage.D)It enables viewers to check the sales items with ease.49.What do we learn about Unilever’s interactive c ampaign?A)It proves the advantage of TV advertising.B)It has done well in engaging the viewers.C)It helps attract investments in the company.D)it has boosted the TV advertising industry.50.How does the author view the hitherto high click-through rates?A)They may be due to the novel way of advertising.B)They signify the popularity of interactive advertising.C)They point to the growing curiosity ofTV viewers.D)They indicate the future direction of media reform.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.What can be done about mass unemployment? All the wise heads agree: there’re no quick or easy answers. There’s work to be done, but workers aren’t ready to do it—they’re in the wrong places, or they have the wrong sk ills, Our problems are“structural,”and will take many years to solve.But don’t bother asking for evidence that justifies this bleak view. There isn’t any. On the contrary, all the facts suggest that high unemployment in America is the result ofinadequat e demand. saying that there’re no easy answers sounds wise. But it’s actually foolish: our unemployment crisis could be cured very quickly if we had the intellectual clarity and political will to act. In other words, structural unemployment is a fake problem, which mainly serves as an excuse for not pursing real solutions.The fact is job openings have plunged in every major sector, while the number of workers forced into part-time employment in almost all industries has soared. Unemployment has surged in every major occupational category. Only three states. With a combined population not much larger than that of Brooklyn, have unemployment rates below 5%. So the evidence contradicts the claim that we’re mainly suffering from structural unemployment. Why, then, has this claim become so popular?Part of the answer is that this is what always happens during periods of high unemployment—in part because experts and analysts believe that declaring the problem deeply rooted, with no easy answers, makes them sound serious.I’ve been looking at what self-proclaimed experts were saying about unemployment during the Great Depression; it was almost identical to what Very Serious People are saying now. Unemployment cannot be brought down rapidly, declared one 1935 analysis, because the workforce is“unadaptable and untrained. It cannot respond to the opportunities which industry may offer.”A few years later, a large defense buildup finally provided a fiscal stimulus adequate to the economy’s needs—and suddenly industry waseager to employ those“unadaptable and untrained”workers.But now, as then, powerful forces are ideologically opposed to the whole idea of government action on a sufficient scale to jump-start the economy. And that, fundamentally, is why claims that we face huge structural problems have been multiplying: they offer a reason to do nothing about the mass unemployment that is crippling out economy and our society.So what you need to know is that there’s no evidence whatsoever to back these claims. We aren’t suffering from a shortage of needed skills, We’re suffering from a lack of policy resolve. As I said, structural unemployment isn’t a real problem, it’s an excuse—a reason not to act on America’s problems at a time when action is desperately needed.51.What does the author think is the root cause of mass unemployment in America?A)Corporate mismanagement.B)Insufficient demand.C)Technological advances.D)Workers’ slow adaptation.52.What does the author think of the experts’ claim concerning unemployment?A)Self-evident.B)Thought-provoking.C)Irrational.D)Groundless.53.What does the author say helped bring down unemployment during the Great Depression?A)The booming defense industry.B)The wise heads’ benefit package.C)Nationwide training of workers.D)Thorough restructuring of industries.54.What has caused claims of huge structural problems to multiply?A)Powerful opposition to government’s stimulus efforts.B)Very Serious People’s attempt to cripple the economy.C)Evidence gathered from many sectors of the industries.D)Economists’ failure to detect the problems in time.55.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A)To testify to the experts’ analysis of America’s problems.B)To offer a feasible solution to the structural unemployment.C)To show the urgent need for the government to take action.D)To alert American workers to the urgency for adaptation.Part IV Translation (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage fromChinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展。
2016年6月英语六级真题(全三套+详细答案)
2016年6月英语六级真题第一套Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the use of robots. Try to imagine what will happen when more and more robots take the place of human beings in industry as well as people's daily lives. You are requried to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A)Project organizerB)Public relations officer.C)Marketing manager.D)Market research consultant.2.A)Quantitative advertising research.B)Questionnaire design.C)Research methodology.D)Interviewer training.3.A)They are intensive studies of people’s spending habits.B)They examine relations between producers and customers.C)They look for new and effective ways to promote products.D)They study trends or customer satisfaction over a long period.4.A)The lack of promotion opportunity.B)Checking charts and tables.C)Designing questionnaires.D)The persistent intensity.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A)His view on Canadian universities.B)His understanding of higher education.C)His suggestions for improvements in higher education.D)His complaint about bureaucracy in American universities.6.A)It is well designed.B)It is rather inflexible.C)It varies among universities.D)It has undergone great changes.7.A)The United States and Canada can learn from each other.B)Public universities are often superior to private universities.C)Everyone should be given equal access to higher education.D)Private schools work more efficiently than public institutions.8.A) University systems vary from country to country.B)Efficiency is essential to university management.C) It is hard to say which is better, a public university or a private one.D) Many private university in the U.S. Are actually large bureaucracies.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A) Government’s role in resolving an economic crisis.B) The worsening real wage situation around the worldC) Indications of economic recovery in the United States.D) The impact of the current economic crisis on people’s life.10.A)They will feel less pressure to raise employees’wages.B) They will feel free to choose the most suitable employees.C) They will feel inclined to expand their business operations.D) They will feel more confident in competing with their rivals.11.A) Employees and companies cooperate to pull through the economic crisis.B) Government and companies join hands to create hobs for the unemployed.C) Employees work shorter hours to avoid layoffs.D) Team work will be encouraged in companies.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A) Whether memory supplements work.B) Whether herbal medicine works wonders.C) Whether exercise enhances one’s memory.D) Whether a magic memory promises success.13.A) They help the elderly more than the young.B) They are beneficial in one way or another.C) They generally do not have side effects.D) They are not based on real science.14.A)They are available at most country fairs.B)They are taken in relatively high dosage.C)They are collected or grown by farmers.D)They are prescribed by trained practitioners.15.A)They have often proved to be as helpful as doing mental exercise.B)Taking them with other medications might entail unnecessary risks.C)Their effect lasts only a short time.D)Many have benefited from them.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A)How catastrophic natural disasters turn out to be to developing nations.B)How the World Meteorological Organization studies natural disasters.C)How powerless humans appear to be in face of natural disasters.D)How the negative impacts of natural disasters can be reduced.17.A)By training rescue teams for emergencies.B)By taking steps to prepare people for them.C)By changing people’s views of nature.D)By relocating people to safer places.18.A)How preventive action can reduce the loss of life.B)How courageous Cubans are in face of disasters.C)How Cubans suffer from tropical storms.D)How destructive tropical storms can be.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19.A)Pay back their loans to the American government.B)Provide loans to those in severe financial difficulty.C)Contribute more to the goal of a wider recovery.D)Speed up their recovery from the housing bubble.20.A)Some banks may have to merge with others.B)Many smaller regional banks are going to fail.C)It will be hard for banks to provide more loans.D)Many banks will have to lay off some employees.21.A)It will work closely with the government.B)It will endeavor to write off bad loans.C)It will try to lower the interest rate.D)It will try to provide more loans.22.A)It won’t help the American economy to turn around.B)It won’t do any good to the major commercial banks.C)It will win the approval of the Obama administration.D)It will be necessary if the economy starts to shrink again.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23.A)Being unable to learn new things.B)Being rather slow to make changes.C)Losing temper more and more often.D)Losing the ability to get on with others.24.A)Cognitive stimulation.B)Community activity.C)Balanced diet.D)Fresh air.25.A)Ignoring the signs and symptoms of aging.B)Adopting an optimistic attitude towards life.C)Endeavoring to give up unhealthy lifestyles.D)Seeking advice from doctors from time to time.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for eachitem on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Pursuing a career is an essential part of adolescent development.“The adolescent becomes an adult when he_26_a real job.”To cognitive researchers likePiaget,adulthood meant the beginning of an_27_.Piaget argued that once adolescents enter the world of work,their newly acquired ability to form hypotheses allows them to create representations that are too ideal.The_28_of such ideals,without the tempering of the reality of a job or profession,rapidly leads adolescents to become _29_ of the non-idealistic world and to press for reform in a characteristically adolescent way.Piaget said:“True adaptation to society comes_30_when the adolescent reformer attempts to put his ideas to work.”Of course,youthful idealism is often courageous,and no one likes to give up dreams.Perhaps,taken_31_out of context,Piaget’s statement seems harsh.What he was_32_，however,is the way reality can modify idealistic views.Some people refer to such modification as maturity.Piaget argued that attaining and accepting a vocation is one of the best ways to modify idealized views and to mature.As careers and vocations become less available during times of _33_,adolescents may be especially hard hit.Such difficult economic times may leave many adolescents_34_about their roles in society.For this reason,community interventions and government job programs that offer summer and vacation work are not only economically_35_but also help to stimulate the adolescent’s sense of worth.A)automaticallyB)beneficialC)capturingD)confusedE)emphasizingF)entranceG)excitedH)existenceI)incidentallyJ)intolerantK)occupationL)promisesM)recessionN)slightlyO)undertakesSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Can societies be rich and green?[A]“If our economies are to flourish,if global poverty is to be eliminated and if the well-being of the world’s people enhanced—not just in this generation but in succeeding generations—we must make sure we take care of the natural environment and resources on which our economic activity depends.”That statement comes not,as you might imagine,from a stereotypicaltree-hugging,save-the-world greenie(环保主义者),but from Gordon Brown,a politician with a reputation for rigour,thoroughness and above all,caution.[B]A surprising thing for the man who runs one of the world’s most powerful economies to say?Perhaps;though in the run-up to the five-year review of the Millennium(千年的)Goals,he is far from alone.The roots of his speech,given in March at the roundtable meeting of environment and energy ministers from the G20 group of nations,stretch back to 1972,and the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm.[C]“The protection and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which affects the well-being of peoples and economic development throughout the world,”read the final declaration from this gathering,the first of a sequence which would lead to the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit in 1992 and the World Development Summit in Johannesburg three years ago.[D]Hunt through the reports prepared by UN agencies and development groups —many for conferences such as this year’s Millennium Goals review—and you will find that the linkage between environmental protection and economic progress is a common thread.[E]Managing ecosystems sustainably is more profitable than exploitingthem,according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment.But finding hard evidence to support the thesis is not so easy.Thoughts turn first to some sort of global statistic,some indicator which would rate the wealth of nations in both economic and environmental terms and show a relationship between the two.[F]If such an indicator exists,it is well hidden.And on reflection,this is not surprising;the single word“environment”has so many dimensions,and there are so many other factors affecting wealth—such as the oil deposits—that teasing out a simple economy-environment relationship would be almost impossible.[G]The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment,a vast four-year global study which reported its initial conclusions earlier this year,found reasons to believe that managing ecosystems sustainably—working with nature rather than against it—might be less profitable in the short term,but certainly brings long-term rewards.[H]And the World Resources Institute(WRI)in its World Resources 2005report,issued at the end of August,produced several such examples from Africa and Asia;it also demonstrated that environmental degradation affects the poor more than the rich,as poorer people derive a much higher proportion of their income directly from the natural resources around them.[I]But there are also many examples of growing wealth by trashing the environment,in rich and poor parts of the world alike,whether through unregulated mineral extraction,drastic water use for agriculture,slash-and-burn farming,orfossil-fuel-guzzling(大量消耗)transport.Of course,such growth may not persist in the long term—which is what Mr.Brown and the Stockholm declaration were both attempting to point out.Perhaps the best example of boom growth and bust decline is the Grand Banks fishery.For almost five centuries a very large supply of cod(鳕鱼)provided abundant raw material for an industry which at its peak employed about 40,000 people,sustaining entire communities in Newfoundland.Then,abruptly,the cod population collapsed.There were no longer enough fish in the sea for the stock to maintain itself,let alone an industry.More than a decade later,there was no sign of the ecosystem re-building itself.It had,apparently,been fished out of existence;and the once mighty Newfoundland fleet now gropes about frantically for crab on the sea floor.[J]There is a view that modern humans are inevitably sowing the seed of a global Grand Banks-style disaster.The idea is that we are taking more out of what you might call the planet’s environmental bank balance than it can sustain;we are living beyond our ecological means.One recent study attempted to calculate the extent of this“ecological overshoot of the human economy”,and found that we are using 1.2 Earth’s-worth of environmental goods and services—the implication being that at some point the debt will be called in,and all those services—the things which the planet does for us for free—will grind to a halt.[K]Whether this is right,and if so where and when the ecological axe will fall,is hard to determine with any precision—which is why governments and financial institutions are only beginning to bring such risks into their economic calculations.It is also the reason why development agencies are not united in their view of environmental issues;while some,like the WRI,maintain that environmental progress needs to go hand-in-hand with economic development,others argue that the priority is to build a thriving economy,and then use the wealth created to tackle environmental degradation.[L]This view assumes that rich societies will invest in environmental care.But is this right?Do things get better or worse as we get richer? Here the Stockholmdeclaration is ambiguous.“In the developing countries,”it says,“most of the environmental problems are caused by under-development.”So it is saying that economic development should make for a cleaner world?Not necessarily;“In the industralised countries,environmental problems are generally related to industrialisation and technological development,”it continues.In other words,poor and rich both over-exploit the natural world,but for different reasons.It’s simply not true that economic growth will surely make our world cleaner.[M]Clearly,richer societies are able to provide environmental improvements which lie well beyond the reach of poorer communities.Citizens of wealthy nations demand national parks,clean rivers,clean air and poison-free food.Theyalso,however,use far more natural resources-fuel,water(all those baths and golf courses)and building materials.[N]A case can be made that rich nations export environmental problems,the most graphic example being climate change.As a country’s wealth grows,so do its greenhouse gas emissions.The figures available will not be completelyaccurate.Measuring emissions is not a precise science, particularly when it comes to issues surrounding land use;not all nations have re-leased up-to-date data,and in any case,emissions from some sectors such as aviation are not included in national statistics.But the data is exact enough for a clear trend to be easily discernible.As countries become richer,they produce more greenhouse gases;and the impact of those gases will fall primarily in poor parts of the world.[O]Wealth is not,of course,the only factor involved.The average Norwegian is better off than the average US citizen,but contributes about half as much to climate change.But could Norway keep its standard of living and yet cut its emissions to Moroccan or even Ethiopian levels?That question,repeated across a dozen environmental issues and across our diverse planet,is what will ultimately determine whether the human race is living beyond its ecological means as it pursues economic revival.36.Examples show that both rich and poor countries exploited the environmentfor economic progress.37.Environmental protection and improvement benefit people all over the world.38.It is not necessarily true that economic growth will make our world cleaner.39.The common theme of the UN reports is the relation between environmental protection and economic growth.40.Development agencies disagree regarding how to tackle environment issues while ensuring economic progress.41.It is difficult to find solid evidence to prove environmental friendliness generates more profits than exploiting the natural environment.42.Sustainable management of ecosystems will prove rewarding in the long run.43.A politician noted for being cautious asserts that sustainable human development depends on the natural environment.44.Poor countries will have to bear the cost for rich nations’economic development.45.One recent study warns us of the danger of the exhaustion of natural resources on Earth.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Interactive television advertising, which allows viewers to use their remote controls to click on advertisements, has been pushed for years. Nearly a decade ago it was predicted that viewers of “Friends”, a popular situation comedy, would soon be able to purchase a sweater like Jennifer Aniston’s with a few taps on their remotecontrol.“It’s been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years,”says Colin Dixon of a digital-media consultancy.So the news that Cablevision, and American cable company, was rolling out interactive advertisements to all its customers on October 6th was greeted with some skepticism. During commercials, an overlay will appear at the bottom of the screen, prompting viewers to press a button to request a free sample or order a catalogue. Cablevision hopes to allow customers to buy things with their remote controls early next year.Television advertising could do with a boost. Spending fell by 10% in the first half of the year. The popularization of digital video recorders has caused advertisers to worry that their commercials will be skipped. Some are turning to the Internet, which is cheaper and offers concrete measurements like click-through rates—especially important at a time when marketing budgets are tight. With the launch of interactive advertising,“many of the dollars that went to the Internet will come back to the TV,”says David Kline of Cablevision. Or so the industry hopes.In theory, interactive advertising can engage viewers in a way that 30-second spots do not. Unilever recently ran an interactive campaign for its Axe deodorant(除臭剂)，which kept viewers engaged for more than three minutes on average.The amount spent on interactive advertising on television is still small. Magna, an advertising agency, reckons it will be worth about $138 million this year. That falls far short of the billions of dollars people once expected it to generate. But DirecTV, Comcast and Time Warner Cable have all invested in it. A new effort led by Canoe Ventures, a coalition of leading cable providers, aims to make interactive advertising available across America later this year. BrightLine iTV, Which designs and sells interactive ads, says interest has surged: it expects its revenues almost to triple this year. BSkyB, Britain’s biggest satellite-television service, already provides 9 million customers with interactive ads.Yet there are doubts whether people watching television, a“lean back”medium, crave interaction. Click-through rates have been high so far(around 3-4%, compared with less than 0.3% online), but that may be a result of the novelty. Interactive adsand viewers might not go well together.46.What does Colin Dixon mean by saying“It’s been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years”(Lines 4-5, Para.1)?A)Interactive television advertising will become popular in 10-12 years.B)Interactive television advertising has been under debate for the last decade or so.C)Interactive television advertising is successful when incorporated into situation comedies.D)Interactive television advertising has not achieved the anticipated results.47.What is the public’s response to Cablevision’s planned interactive TV advertising program?A)Pretty positive.B)Totally indifferent.C)Somewhat doubtful.D)Rather critical.48.What is the impact of the wide use of digital video recorders on TV advertising?A)It has made TV advertising easily accessible to viewers.B)It helps advertisers to measure the click-through rates.C)It has placed TV advertising at a great disadvantage.D)It enables viewers to check the sales items with ease.49.What do we learn about Unilever’s interactive campaign?A)It proves the advantage of TV advertising.B)It has done well in engaging the viewers.C)It helps attract investments in the company.D)it has boosted the TV advertising industry.50.How does the author view the hitherto high click-through rates?A)They may be due to the novel way of advertising.B)They signify the popularity of interactive advertising.C)They point to the growing curiosity ofTV viewers.D)They indicate the future direction of media reform.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.What can be done about mass unemployment? All the wise heads agree: there’re no quick or easy answers. There’s work to be done, but workers aren’t ready to do it—they’re in the wrong places, or they have the wrong skills, Our problems are “structural,”and will take many years to solve.But don’t bother asking for evidence that justifies this bleak view. There isn’t any. On the contrary, all the facts suggest that high unemployment in America is the result of inadequate demand. saying that there’re no easy answers sounds wise. But it’s actually foolish: our unemployment crisis could be cured very quickly if we had the intellectual clarity and political will to act. In other words, structural unemployment is a fake problem, which mainly serves as an excuse for not pursing real solutions.The fact is job openings have plunged in every major sector, while the number of workers forced into part-time employment in almost all industries has soared. Unemployment has surged in every major occupational category. Only three states. With a combined population not much larger than that of Brooklyn, have unemployment rates below 5%. So the evidence contradicts the claim that we’re mainly suffering from structural unemployment. Why, then, has this claim become so popular?Part of the answer is that this is what always happens during periods of high unemployment—in part because experts and analysts believe that declaring the problem deeply rooted, with no easy answers, makes them sound serious.I’ve been looking at what self-proclaimed experts were saying about unemployment during the Great Depression; it was almost identical to what Very Serious People are saying now. Unemployment cannot be brought down rapidly,declared one 1935 analysis, because the workforce is“unadaptable and untrained. It cannot respond to the opportunities which industry may offer.”A few years later, a large defense buildup finally provided a fiscal stimulus adequate to the economy’s needs—and suddenly industry was eager to employ those“unadaptable and untrained”workers.But now, as then, powerful forces are ideologically opposed to the whole idea of government action on a sufficient scale to jump-start the economy. And that, fundamentally, is why claims that we face huge structural problems have been multiplying: they offer a reason to do nothing about the mass unemployment that is crippling out economy and our society.So what you need to know is that there’s no evidence whatsoever to back these claims. We aren’t suffering from a shortage of needed skills, We’re suffering from a lack of policy resolve. As I said, structural unemployment isn’t a real problem, it’s an excuse—a reason not to act on America’s problems at a time when action is desperately needed.51.What does the author think is the root cause of mass unemployment in America?A)Corporate mismanagement.B)Insufficient demand.C)Technological advances.D)Workers’slow adaptation.52.What does the author think of the experts’claim concerning unemployment?A)Self-evident.B)Thought-provoking.C)Irrational.D)Groundless.53.What does the author say helped bring down unemployment during the Great Depression?A)The booming defense industry.B)The wise heads’benefit package.C)Nationwide training of workers.D)Thorough restructuring of industries.54.What has caused claims of huge structural problems to multiply?A)Powerful opposition to government’s stimulus efforts.B)Very Serious People’s attempt to cripple the economy.C)Evidence gathered from many sectors of the industries.D)Economists’failure to detect the problems in time.55.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A)To testify to the experts’analysis of America’s problems.B)To offer a feasible solution to the structural unemployment.C)To show the urgent need for the government to take action.D)To alert American workers to the urgency for adaptation.Part IV Translation (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展。
2016年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附复习资料和解析(第1套)
2016年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析(第1套)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the use of robots.Try to imagine what will happen when more and more robots take the place of human beings in industry as well as people's daily lives.You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer.from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A) Project organizer.B) Public relations officer.C) Marketing manager.D) Market research consultant.2.A) Quantitative advertising research.B) Questionnaire design.C) Research methodology.D) Interviewer training.3.A) They are intensive studies of people's spending habits.B) They examine relations between producers and customers.C) They look for new and effective ways to promote products.D) They study trends or customer satisfaction over a longperiod.4.A) The lack of promotion opportunity.B) Checking charts and tables.C) Designing questionnaires.D) The persistent intensity.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A) His view on Canadian universities.B) His understanding of higher education.C) His suggestions for improvements in higher education.D) His complaint about bureaucracy in American universities.6.A) It is well designed.B) It is rather inflexible.C) It varies among universities.D) It has undergone great changes.7.A) The United States and Canada can learn from each other.B) Public universities are often superior to private universities.C) Everyone should be given equal access to higher education.D) Private schools work more efficiently than public institutions.8.A) University systems vary from country to country.B) Efficiency is essential to university management.C) It is hard to say which is better, a public university or a private one.D) Many private university in the U.S.are actually large bureaucracies.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages.At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A) Government's role in resolving an economic crisis.B) The worsening real wage situation around the world.C) Indications of economic recovery in the United States.D) The impact of the current economic crisis on peopled life.10.A) They will feel less pressure to raise employees' wages.B) They will feel free to choose the most suitable employees.C) They will feel inclined to expand their business operations.D) They will feel more confident in competing with their rivals.11.A) Employees and companies cooperate to pull through the economic crisis.B) Government and companies join hands to create jobs for the unemployed.C) Employees work shorter hours to avoid layoffs.D) Team work will be encouraged in companies.Passage TwoQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A) Whether memory supplements work.B) Whether herbal medicine works wonders.C) Whether exercise enhances one's memory.D) Whether a magic memory promises success.13.A) They help the elderly more than the young.B) They are beneficial in one way or another.C) They generally do not have side effects.D)They are not based on real science.14.A) They are available at most country fairs.B) They are taken in relatively high dosage.C) They are collected or grown by farmers.D) They are prescribed by trained practitioners.15.A) They have often proved to be as helpful as doing mental exercise.B) Taking them with other medications might entail unnecessary risks.C) Their effect lasts only a short time.D) Many have benefited from them.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions.The recordings will be played only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Recording OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard. 16.A) How catastrophic natural disasters turn out to be to developing nations.B) How the World Meteorological Organization studies natural disasters.C) How powerless humans appear to be in face of natural disasters.D) How the negative impacts of natural disasters can be reduced.17.A) By training rescue teams for emergencies.B) By taking steps to prepare people for them.C) By changing people's views of nature.D) By relocating people to safer places.18.A) How preventive action can reduce the loss of life.B) How courageous Cubans are in face of disasters.C) How Cubans suffer from tropical storms.D) How destructive tropical storms can be.Recording TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19.A) Pay back their loans to the American government.B) Provide loans to those in severe financial difficulty.C) Contribute more to the goal of a wider recovery.D) Speed up their recovery from the housing bubble.20.A) Some banks may have to merge with others.B) Many smaller regional banks are going to fail.C) It will be hard for banks to provide more loans.D) Many banks will have to lay off some employees.21.A) It will work closely with the government.B) It will endeavor to write off bad loans.C) It will try to lower the interest rate.D) It will try to provide more loans.22.A) It won't help the American economy to turn around.B) It won't do any good to the major commercial banks.C) It will win the approval of the Obama administration.D) It will be necessary if the economy starts to shrink again. Recording ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23.A) Being unable to learn new things.B) Being rather slow to make changes.C) Losing temper more and more often.D) Losing the ability to get on with others.24.A) Cognitive stimulation.B) Community activity.C) Balanced diet.D) Fresh air.25.A) Ignoring the signs and symptoms of aging.B) Adopting an optimistic attitude towards life.C) Endeavoring to give up unhealthy lifestyles.D) Seeking advice from doctors from time to time.Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are requir ed to select oneword for each blank from a list of choices given in a word ban k following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making yo ur choices. Each choice in the bank is identified bya letter. Please mark the c orresponding letter for each item on ,Answer Street 2 with a singleline throug h the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Let's say you love roller-skating. Just the thought of __26__ on your roller-sk ates brings asmile to your face. You also know that roller-skating is excellent exercise. You have a __27__attitude toward it.This description of roller-skating __28__ the three components of an attitud e: affect,cognition, and behavior. You love the activity; it's great fun. These f eelings __29__ the affectiveor emotional component; they are an importan t ingredient in attitudes. The knowledge wehave about the object constitutes the cognitive component of an attitude. You understand the health __30__ that the activity can bring. Finally, attitudes have a behavioral component. Our attitudes __31__ us to go outside to enjoy roller-skating.Now, we don't want to leave you with the __32__ that these three component s always worktogether __33__ . They don't; sometimes they clash. For exam ple, let's say you love pizza(affective component); however, you have high c holesterol and understand (knowledge component) that eating pizza may b e bad for your health. Which behavior will your attituderesult in, eating pizza or __34__ it? The answer depends on which component happens to bestron ger. If you are walking past a pizza restaurant at lunchtime, your emotions and feelingsprobably will be stronger than your knowledge that pizza may not be the best food for yourhealth. In that instance, you have pizza for lunch. If y ou are at home trying to decide where togo for dinner, however, the knowled ge component may __35__ , and you decide to go whereyou can eat a healt hier meal.A.avoidingB.benefitsC.highlightD.illustratesE.impressionF.improvesG.inquiringH.perfectlyI.positiveJ.prevailK.primarilyL.promptM.specificationsN.strappingO.typicalSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Changing Generation[A] It turns out today's teenagers aren't so scary after all.Results of USA WEEKEND'S Teens & Parents survey reveal a generation of young people who get along well with their parents and approve of the way they're being raised.They think of their parents with affection and respect.They speak with Mom or Dad when they have a problem.Most feel that their parents understand them, and they believe their family is the No.1 priority in their parents, lives.Many even think their parents are cool! Although more than a third have an object in their rooms they would like to keep secret from their parents, rarely is it anything more alarming than a diary or off-color (低俗的) book or CD.[B] Such results may seem surprising against the background of shocking incidents that color the way the mass media portray the young.In October 2000, , the same month the survey was taken, the Washington-based Center for Media and Public Affairs wrote in its publication Media Monitor that, in a recent month of TV news coverage of American youth, just 2% of teens were shown at home, and just 1% were portrayed in a work setting.In contrast, the criminal justice system accounted for nearly one out of every five visual backgrounds.No wonder parents worry their own kids might spin out of control once they hit the turbulent waters of adolescence.[C] The overall facts ought to reassure us.The survey shows us that today's teens are affectionate, sensible and far happier than the angry and tortured souls that have been painted for us by stereotypes.From other sources, we also know teenage crime, drug abuse and premarital sex are in general decline.We, of course, need to pay attention to youngsters who are filled with discontent and hostility, but we should not allow these extreme cases to distort our view of most young people.[D] My own research at the Stanford Center on Adolescence uses in-depth interviews with small samples of youngsters rather than large-scale surveys.Still, in my studies and others I have read, I find the same patterns as in USA WEEKEND'S survey.Today's teenagers admire their parents and welcome parental guidance about important matters such as career choice—though certainly not Mom and Dad's advice on matters of personal taste, such as music or fashion.When we ask teens to choose a hero, they usually select an older family member rather than a remote public figure.Most teens say they enjoy the company of both parents and friends.[E] Contrary to some stereotypes, most adolescents believe they must be tolerant of differences among individuals (though they do not always find this easy in the cliquish (拉帮结派的) environment of high school).Many of them volunteer for community service with disadvantaged people.One prevalent quality we have found in teens, statements about themselves, their friends and their families is a strikingly positive emotional tone.By and large, these are very nice kids, and as the band The Who used to sing, "The kids are alright." [F] How much is today's spirit of harmony a change from our more turbulent past? A mere generation ago, parent-child relations were described as "the generation gap".Yet even then reports of widespread youth rebellion wereoverdone: Most kids in the '60s and 70s shared their parents, basic values.Still, it is true that American families are growing closer at the dawn of this new millennium (千年).Perhaps there is less to fight about, with the country in a period of tranquility and the dangers of drug abuse and other unwholesome behavior well known.Perhaps in the face of impersonal and intimidating globalization, a young person's family feels more like a friendly haven than an oppressive trap.And perhaps parents are acting more like parents than in the recent past.Within just the past five years, I have noticed parents returning to a belief that teenagers need the guidance of elders rather than the liberal, "anything goes" mode of child-rearing that became popular in the second half of the 20th century.[G] But missing from all these data is the sense that today's young care very much about their country, about the broader civic and political environment, or about the future of their society.They seem to be turning inward—generally in a pro-social manner, certainly with positive benefits for intimate relationships, but too often at the expense of a connection with the present and future world beyond, including the society they will one day inherit.[H] Recently, we examined more than 400 essays on the "laws of life" that teens from two communities had written as part of an educational program initiated by the John Templeton Foundation in Radnor, Pa.In those essays, and in follow-up interviews with a few of the teenagers, we found lots of insight, positive feeling and inspirational thinking.But we also found little interest in civic life beyond the tight circles of their family and immediate friends.[I] For example, only one boy said he would like to be president when he grows up.When I was in high school, dozens in my class alone would have answered differently.In fact, other recent studies have found there has never been a time in American history when so small a proportion of young people have sought or accepted leadership roles in local civic organizations.It is also troubling that voting rates among our youngest eligible voters—18- to 24-year-olds—are way down: Little more than one in four now go to the polls, even in national elections, compared with almost twice that many when 18-year-olds were first given the vote.[J] In our interviews, many students viewed politics with suspicion and distaste." Most politicians are kind of crooked (不诚实的)" one student declared.Another, discussing national politics, said, “I feel like one person can't do that much, and I get the impression most people don't think a group of people can do that much." Asked what they would like to change in the world, the students mentioned only personal concerns such as slowing down the pace of life, gaining good friends, becoming more spiritual, becoming either more materially successful or less materially oriented (depending on the student's values), and being more respectful of the Earth, animals and other people.One boy said, "I'd rather be concentrating on artistic efforts than saving the world or something."[K] It is fine and healthy for teens to cultivate their personal interests, and it isgood news when young people enjoy harmonious relations with their family and friends.But there is also a place in a young life for noble purposes that include a dedication to the broader society, a love of country and an aspiration to make their own leadership contributions.[L] In the past, the young have eagerly participated in national service and civic affairs, often with lots of energy and idealism.If this is not happening today, we should ask why.Our society needs the full participation of its younger citizens if it is to continue to thrive.We know the promise is there—this is a well-grounded, talented, warm-hearted group of youngsters.We have everything to gain by encouraging them to explore the world beyond their immediate experience and to prepare themselves for their turn at shaping that world.注意: 此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2016年英语六级真题及答案(共六套)
2016年英语六级真题及答案（共六套）2016年6月英语六级真题及答案(第一套)PartⅠWriting(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write a short essay on e—learning.Try to imagine what will happen when more and more people study online instead of attending school.You are required to write at least 150words but no more than200words.PartⅡListening Comprehension(25minutes) Section ADirections:In this section.you will hear two long conversations,At the end of each conversation,you will,hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions1to4are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A.The restructuring of her company.B.The man’s switch to a new career.C.The updating of technology at CucinTech.D.The project the man managed at CucinTech.2.A.Talented personnel.B.Effective promotion.C.Strategic innovation.petitive products.3.A.Innovate constantly.B.Expand the market.C.Recruit more talents.D.Watch out for his competitors.4.A.Possible bankruptcy.B.Unforeseen difficulties.C.Imitation by one’s competitors.D.Conflicts within the company.Questions5to8are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A.The importance of language proficiency.B.The job of an interpreter.C.The stress felt by professionals.D.The best Way to effective communication.6.A.Admirable.B.Promising.C.Meaningful.D.Rewarding.7.A.They have all passed language proficiency tests.B.They have all studied cross.cultural differences.C.They all have a strong interest in language.D.They all have professional qualifications.8.A.It puts one’s long.term memory under more stress.B.It is more stressful than simultaneous interpreting.C.It attaches more importance to accuracy.D.It requires a much larger vocabulary.Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear two passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions9to11are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A.It might increase mothers’mental distress.B.It might increase the risk of infants’death.C.It might affect mothers’health.D.It might disturb infants’sleep.10.A.Mothers who sleep with their babies need a little more sleep each night.B.Sleeping patterns of mothers greatly affect their newborn babies’health.C.Sleeping with infants in the same room has a negative impact on mothers.D.Mothers who breast.feed their babies have a harder time falling asleep.11.A.Take precautions to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome.B.Sleep in the same house but not in the same room as their babies.C.Sleep in the same room but not in the same bed as their babies.D.Change their sleep patterns to adapt to their newborn babies’.Questions l2t015are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A.More money is needed to record the native languages in the US.B.The efforts to preserve Indian languages have proved fruitless.C.The US ranks first in the number of endangered languages.D.A lot of native languages have already died out in the US.13.A.To set up more language schools.B.To educate native American children.C.To revitalise America’s native languages.D.To document endangered languages.14.A.The US government’s policy of Americanising Indian children.B.The failure of American Indian languages to gain an official status.C.The long.time isolation of American Indians from the outside world.D.The US government’s unwillingness to spend money educating Indians.15.A.It is widely used in language immersion schools.B.It speeds up the extinction of native languages.C.It is being utilised to teach native languages.D.It tells traditional stories during family time.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions.The recordings Will be played only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet l with a single line through the centre.Questions16to18are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A.It provides them with the basic necessities of everyday life.B.It pays their living expenses until they find employment again.C.It covers their mortgage payments and medical expenses for99weeks.D.It pays them up to half of their previous wages while they look for work.17.A.Convincing local lawmakers to extend unemployment benefits.B.Creating jobs for the huge army of unemployed workers.C.Providing training and guidance for unemployed workers.D.Raising funds to help those having no unemployment insurance.18.A.To encourage big businesses to hire back workers with government subsidies.B.To create more jobs by encouraging private investments in local companies.C.To allow them to postpone their monthly mortgage payments.D.To offer them loans they need to start their own businesses.Questions l9t022are based on the recording you have just heard.19.A.They investigated the ice.B.They analyzed the water content.C.They explored the ocean floor.D.They measured the depths of sea water.20.A.The ice decrease is more evident than previously thought.B.The ice ensures the survival of many endangered species.C.Most of the ice was accumulated over the past centuries.D.Eighty percent of the ice disappears in summer time.21.A.The melting Arctic ice has drowned many coastal cities.B.Arctic ice is a major source of the world’s flesh water.C.Arctic ice is essential to human survival.D.The decline of Arctic ice is irreversible.22.A.There is no easy technological solution to it.B.It will advance nuclear technology.C.There is no easy way.to understand it.D.It will do a lot of harm to mankind.Questions23t025are based on the recording you have just heard.23.A.The deciding factor in children’s academic performance.B.The health problems of children raised by a single parent.C.The relation between children’s self-control and their future success.D.The reason why New Zealand children seem to have better self-control.24.A.Those with a criminal record mostly come from single parent families.B.Children raised by single parents will have a hard time in their thirties.C.Parents must learn to exercise self-control in front of their children.ck of self-control in parents is a disadvantage for their children.25.A.Self-control problems will diminish as one grows up.B.Self-control can be improved through education.C.Self-control can improve one’s financial situation.D.Self-control problems may be detected early in children.PartⅢReading Comprehension(40minutes) Section ADirections:In this section.there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions26to35are based on the following passage.Let’s say you love roller-skating.Just the thought of26on your roller.skates brings a smile to your face.You also know that roller-skating is excellent exercise.You have a27attitude toward it.This description of roller-skating28the three components of an attitude：affect,cognition,and behavior.You love the activity；it's great fun.These feelings29the affective or emotional component；they are an important ingredient in attitudes.The knowledge we have about the object constitutes the cognitive component of an attitude.You understand the health30that the activity can bring.Finally,attitudes have a behavioral component.Our attitudes31us to go outside to enjoy roller—skating.Now.we don’t want t01eave you with the32that these three components always work together33.They don’t：sometimes they clash.For example,let’s say you love pizza(affective component)；however,you have high cholesterol and understand(knowledge component)that eating pizza may be bad for your health.Which behavior will your attitude result in,eating pizza or34it?The answer depends off which component happens to be stronger.If you are walking past a pizza restaurant at lunchtime.Your emotions and feelings probably will be stronger than your knowledge that pizza may not be the best food for your health.In that instance.you have pizza for lunch.If you are at home trying to decide where to go for dinner,however,the knowledge component may35,and you decide to go where you can eat a healthier meal.A.avoidingB.benefitsC.highlightD.illustratesE.impressionF.improvesG.inquiringH.perfectly I.positiveJ.prevailK.primarily L.promptM.specifications N.strapping O.typicalSection BDirections:In this section.you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.The Changing Generation[A]It turns out today’s teenagers aren’t so scary after all.Results of USA WEEKEND’s Teens&Parents survey reveal a generation of young people who get along well with their parents and approve of the way they’re being raised.They think of their parents with affection and respect.They speak with Mom or Dad when they have a problem.Most feel that their parents understand them.and they believe their family is the No.1priority in their parents’lives.Many even think their parents are cool!Although more than a third have an object in their rooms they would like to keep secret from their parents.rarely is it anything more alarming than a diary or off-color(低俗的)book or CD.[B]Such results may seem surprising against the background of shocking incidents that color the way the mass media portray the young.In October2000,the same month the survey was taken,the Washington.based Center for Media and Public Affairs wrote in its publication Media Monitor that,in a recent month of TV news coverage of American youth,just2％of teens were shown at home,and just1％were portrayed in a work setting.In contrast, the criminal justice system accounted for nearly one out of every lave visual backgrounds.No wonder parents worry their own kids might spin out of control once they hit the turbulent waters of adolescence.[C]The overall facts ought to reassure us.The survey shows us that today’s teens are affectionate.sensible and tar happier than the angry and tortured souls that have been painted for us by stereotypes.From other sources,we also know teenage crime,drug abuse and premarital sex are in general decline.We of course,need to pay attention to youngsters who are filled with discontent and hostility,but we should not allow these extreme cases to distort our view of most young people.[D]My own research at the Stanford Center on Adolescence uses in.depth interviews with small samples of youngsters rather than large‘scale surveys.Still,in my studies and others I have read,I find the same patterns as in USA WEEKEND’s survey.Today’s teenagers admire their parents and welcome parental guidance about important matters such as career choice—though certainly not Morn and Dad’s advice on matters of personal taste,such as music or fashion.When we ask teens to choose a hero,they usually select an older family member rather than a remote public figure.Most teens say they enjoy the company of both parents and friends.[E]Contrary to some stereotypes,most adolescents believe they must be tolerant of differences among individuals(though they do not always find this easy in the cliquish(拉帮结派的)environment of high school).Many of them volunteer for community service with disadvantaged people.One prevalent quality we have round in teens’statements about themselves,their friends and their families is a strikingly positive emotional tone.By and large,these are very nice kids,and as the band The Who used to sing,“The kids are alright.”[F]How much is today’s sprat of harmony a change from our more turbulent past?A mere generation ago,parent。
2016年6月英语六级真题及答案
2016年6月大学英语六级考试CET6真题Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal Communication. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal CommunicationPart Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes)Directions: In this part. You will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)、B)、C)and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The Three-Year SolutionHartwick College, a small liberal-arts school in upstate New York, makes New York, makes this offer to well prepared students: earn your undergraduate degree in three years instead of four, and save about 543,000—the amount of one year’s tuition and fees. A number of innovative colleges are making the same offer to students anxious about saving time and money. That’s both an opportunity and a warning for the best higher-education system in the world.The United States has almost all of the world’s best universities. A recent Chinese survey ranks 35 American universities among the top 50, eight among the top 10. Our research universities have been the key to developing the competitive advantages that help Americans produce 25% of all the world’s wealth. In 2007, 623,805 of the world’s brightest students were attracted to American universities.Yet, there are signs of peril (危险)within American higher education. U.S. colleges have to compete in the marketplace. Students may choose among 6,000 public, private, nonprofit, for profit, or religious institutions of higher learning. In addition, almost all of the 532 billion the federal government provides for university research is awarded competitively.But many colleges and universities are stuck in the past. For instance, the idea of the fall-to-spring“school year”hasn’t changed much since before the American Revolution, when we were a summer stretch no longer makes sense. Former George Washington University president Stephen Trachtenberg estimates that a typical college uses its facilities for academic purposes a little more than half the calendar year.“While college facilities sit idle, they continue to generate maintenance expenses that contribute to t he high cost of running a college,” he has written.Within academic departments, tenure(终身职位)，combined with age-discrimination laws, makes faculty turnover—critical for a university to remain current in changing times—difficult. Instead of protecting speech and encouraging diversity and innovative thinking, the tenure system often stifles(压制)them: younger professors must win the approval of established colleagues for tenure, encouraging like-mindedness and sometimes inhibiting the free flow of ideas.Meanwhile, tuition has soared, leaving graduating students with unprecedented loan debt. Strong campus presidents to manage these problems are becoming harder to find, and to keep. In fact, students now stay on campus almost as long as their presidents. The average amount of time students now take to complete an undergraduate degree has stretched to six years and seven months as students interrupted by work, inconvenienced by unavailable classes, or lured by one more football season find it hard to graduate.Congress has tried to help students with college costs through Pell Grants and other forms of tuition support. But some of their fixes have made the problem worse. The stack of congressional regulations governing federal student grants and loans now stands twice as tall as I do. Filling out these forms consumes 7% of every tuition dollar.For all of these reasons, some colleges like Hartwick are rethinking the old way of doing things and questioning decades-old assumptions about what a college degree means. For instance, why does it have to take four years to earn a diploma? This fall, 16 first-year students and four second-year students at Hartwick enrolled in the school’s new three year degree program. According to the college, the plan is designed for high-ability, highly motivated student who wish to save money or to move along more rapidly toward advanced degrees.By eliminating that extra year, there year degree students save 25% in costs. Instead of taking 30 credits a year, these students take 40. During January, Hartwick runs a four week course during which students may earn three to four credits on or off campus, including a number of international sites. Summer courses are not required, but a student may enroll in them—and pay extra. Three year students get first crack at course registration. There are no changes in the number of courses professors teach or in their pay.The three-year degree isn’t a new idea. Geniuses have always breezed through. Judson College, a 350-student institution in Alabama, has offered students a three-year option for 40 years. Students attend“short terms” in May and June to earn the credits r equired for graduation. Bates College in Maine and Ball State University in Indiana are among other colleges offering three-year options.Changes at the high-school level are also helping to make it easier for many students to earn their undergraduate degrees in less time. One of five students arrives at college today with Advanced Placement (AP) credits amounting to a semester or more of college level work. Many universities, including large schools like the University of Texas, make it easy for these AP students to graduate faster.For students who don’t plan to stop with an undergraduate degree, the three-year plan may have an even greater appeal. Dr. John Sergent, head of Vanderbilt University Medical School’s residency (住院医生) program, enrolled in Vanderbilt’s undergraduate colle ge in 1959. He entered medical school after only three years as did four or five of his classmates.” My first year of medical school counted as my senior year, which meant I had to take three to four labs a week to get all my sciences in. I basically skipped my senior year,” says Sergent. He still had time to be a student senator and meet his wife.There are, however, drawbacks to moving through school at such a brisk pace. For one, it deprives students of the luxury of time to roam (遨游) intellectually. Compressing everything into three years also leaves less time for growing up, engaging in extracurricular activities, and studying abroad. On crowded campuses it could mean fewer opportunities to get into a prized professor’s class. Iowa’s Waldorf College has graduated several hundred students in its three-year degree program, but it now phasing out the option. Most Waldorf students wanted the full four-year experience—academically, socially, and athletically. And faculty members will be wary of any change that threatens the core curriculum in the name of moving students into the workforce.“Most high governmental officials seem to conceive of education in this light—as a way to ensure economic competitiveness and continued economic growth,” Derek Bok, former president of Harvard, told The Washington Post. “I strongly disagree with this approach.” Another risk: the new campus schedules might eventually produce less revenue for the institution and longer working hours for faculty members.Adopting a three-year option will not come easily to most school. Those that wish to tackle tradition and make American campus more cost-conscious may find it easier to take Trachtenberg’s advice: open campuses year-round.“You could run two complete colleges, with two complete faculties,”he says.“That’s without cutting the length of students’ vacations, inc reasing class sizes, or requiring faculty to teach more.”Whether they experiment with three-year degrees, offer year-round classes, challenge the tenure system—or all of the above—universities are slowly realizing that to stay competitive and relevant they must adapt to a rapidly changing world.Expanding the three-year option may be difficult, but it may be less difficult than asking Congress for additional financial help, asking legislators for more state support, or asking students even higher tuition payments. Campuses willing to adopt convenient schedules along with more focused, less-expensive degrees may find that they have a competitive advantage in attracting bright, motivated students. These sorts of innovations can help American universities avoid the perils of success.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2016年6月全国大学英语六级考试真题答案(共三套)
2016年6月全国大学英语六级考试真题答案（共三套）听力注：听力部分共有2套。
第一套Section A1. D) Market research consultant.2. A) Quantitative advertising research.3. D) They study trends or customer satisfaction over a long period.4. B) Checking charts and tables.5. A) His view on Canadian universities.6. B) It is rather inflexible.7. C) Everyone should be given equal access to higher education.8. C) It is hard to say which is better, a public university or a private one.Section B9.B) The worsening real wage situation around the world.10. A) They will feel less pressure to raise employees' wages.11. C) Employees work shorter hours to avoid layoffs.12. A) Whether memory supplements work.13. D) They are not based on real science.14. D) They are prescribed by trained practitioners.15. B) Taking them with other medications might entail unnecessary risks.Section C16. D) How the negative impacts of natural disasters can be reduced.17. B) By taking steps to prepare people for them.18.A) How preventive action can reduce the loss of life.19. C) Contribute more to the goal of a wider recovery.20. B) Many smaller regional banks are going to fail.21. D) It will try to provide more loans.22. D) It will be necessary if the economy starts to shrink again.23. A) Being unable to learn new things.24. A) Cognitive stimulation.25. C) Endeavoring to give up unhealthy lifestyles.第二套Section A1. A) The project the man managed at CucinTech.2. B) Strategic innovation.3. C) Innovate constantly.4. D) Imitation by one's competitors.5. A) The job of an interpreter.6. B) Admirable.7. B) They all have professional qualifications.8. C) It is more stressful than simultaneous interpreting.Section B9. C) It might increase the risk of infants' death.10. D) Sleeping with infants in the same room has a negative impact on mothers.11. B) Sleep in the same room but not in the same bed as their babies.12. A) A lot of native languages have already died out in the US.13. D) To revitalise America's native languages.14. A) The US government's policy of Americanising Indian children.15. C) It speeds up the extinction of native languages.Section C16. A) It pays them up to half of their previous wages while they look for work.17. B) Providing training and guidance for unemployed workers.18. C) To create more jobs by encouraging private investments in local companies.19. D) They investigated the ice.20. D) The ice decrease is more evident than previously thought.21.C) The decline of Arctie ice is irreversible.22. D) There is no easy technological solution to it.23. B) The relation between children's self-control and their future success.24. B) Those with a criminal record mostly come from single parent families.25. A) Self-control can be improved through education.阅读第一套Section A26. O)undertakes27. K)occupation28. H)existence29. J)intolerant30. A)automatically31. N)slightly32. E)emphasizing33. M)recession34. D)confused35. B)beneficialSection B36. I) But there are also many examples of growing wealth by trashing the environment, ......37. C)“The protection and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which affects ......38. L)This view assumes that rich societies will invest in environmental care. But is this right?......39. D)Hunt through the reports prepared by UN agencies and development groups—......40. K)Whether this is right, and if so where and when the ecological axe will fall, is hard to determine with any precision—......41. E)Managing ecosystems sustainably is more profitable than exploiting them, ......42. G)The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, a vast four-year global study which reported its initial conclusions earlier this year, ......43. A) “If our economies are to flourish, if global poverty is to be elim inated and if the well-being of the world's people enhanced—......44. N)A case can be made that rich nations export environmental problems, the most graphic example being climate change. ......45. J)There is a view that modern humans are inevitably sowing the seeds of a global Grand Banks-style disaster. ......Section C46. D) Interactive television advertising has not achieved the anticipated results.47. C) Somewhat doubtful.48. C) It has placed TV advertising at a great disadvantage.49. B) It has done well in engaging the viewers.50. A) They may be due to the novel way of advertising.51. B) Insufficient demand.52. D) Groundless.53. A) The booming defense industry.54. A) Powerful opposition to government's stimulus efforts.55. C) To show the urgent need for the government to take action.第二套Section A26. A)arises27. D)combination28. F)eventually29. O)widespread30. C)bound31. H)invade32. N)victims33. J)penalties34. K)preserving35. L)programmedSection B36. F)The Senate Finance bill would impose an excise tax (消费税) on health insurance plans that cost more than ......37. J)Testing innovations do no good unless the good experiments are identified and expanded and the bad ones are dropped. ......38. A) Americans are deeply concerned about the relentless rise in health care costs and health insurance premiums. ......39. G)Any doctor who has wrestled with multiple forms from different insurers, or patients who have tried to understand their own parade of statements, ......40. L)The final legislation might throw a public plan into the competition, but thanks to the fierce opposition of the insurance industry and Republican critics,......41. H)The stimulus package provided money to convert the inefficient, paper-driven medical system to electronic records that ......42. C)Medical spending, which typically rises faster than wages and the overall economy, ......43. I)Virtually all experts agree that the fee-for-service system—doctors are rewarded for the quantity of care rather than its quality or effectiveness—......44. P)The House bill would authorize the secretary of health and human services to negotiate drug prices in Medicare and Medicaid. ......45. K)The bills in both chambers would create health insurance exchanges on which small businesses and individuals could......Section C46. C) Its benefits outweigh the hazards involved.47. C) Farmers and consumers may be affected by harmful bacteria.48. A) Favorable.49. B) They can be dealt with through education.50. A) He echoes Pay Drechsel's opinion on the issue.51. D) It is regarded as the center of a modern home.52. B) No duplicate is to be found in any other place.53. D) Social change.54. A) A place where women could work more efficiently.55. B) Many of its central features are no different from those of the 1920s.第三套Section A26. N)strapping27. I)positive28. D)illustrates29. C)highlight30. B)benefits31. L)prompt32. E)impression33. H)perfectly34. A)avoiding35. J)prevailSection B36. I)For example, only one boy said he would like to be president when he grows up. ......37. B) Such results may seem surprising against the background of shocking incidents that ......38. F)How much is today's spirit of harmony a change from our more turbulent past? A mere generation ago, ......39. D)My own research at the Stanford Center on Adolescence uses in-depth interviews with small samples of youngsters rather than large-scale surveys. ......40. C)The overall facts ought to reassure us. The survey shows us that today's teens areaffectionate, ......41. K)It is fine and healthy for teens to cultivate their personal interests, and it is good news when young people enjoy ......42. A) It turns out today's teenagers aren't so scary after all. Results of USA WEEKEND's Teens & Parents survey......43. L)In the past, the young have eagerly participated in national service and civic affairs, often with lots of energy and idealism. ......44. E)Contrary to some stereotypes, most adolescents believe they must be tolerant of differences among individuals ......45. H)Recently, we examined more than 400 essays on the “laws of life” that teens from two communities had written ......Section C46. C) Specify in what way their products are green.47. D) They are not clear which products are truly green.48. C) It misled consumers to believe that its products had been certified by a third party.49. A) There were no clear guidelines concerning green labeling.50. D) Anything produced in the West can be labeled green.51. B) It contributes little to the elimination of inequality.52. B) Lack of financial resources.53. C) Demand higher pay for teachers.54. D) Student performance has a lot to do with teachers.55. A) It protects incompetent teachers at the expense of students.翻译第一套中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展。
2016年6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案解析(共三套完整版)
2016年6月英语六级考试真题完整版第一版（E-learning）For thispart, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a shortessay on E-learning, try toimagine what will happen when more andmore people study on-line instead ofgoing to school. You shouldwrite at least 150 words but no more than 200words.第一段: 写出现状.第二段: 分析在线学习未来的图景并简单解释原因第三段: 分析未来及自己的应对之策Currently, an increasing numberofpeople begin to use Internet to take courses and acquire knowledge.Onlinelearning is booming all around the world. It is providingmany options withlearners in terms of time, locations, subjects andcosts.Online learning greatlypromoteslearners’ studying efficiency and teachers’ productivity.As a result, updatedknowledge will reach those students in isolatedareas at a higher speed, whichcan make many of them keep pace withthe time. Additionally, students candecide their learning locationand time much more freely. Notably, because transportationandaccommodation will not trouble E-learners, learning cost will belargelylowered. These advantages might decrease the number ofpeople who routinelyattend schoollearning.From my point of view, personalinteractionbetween teachers and students in schools isirreplaceable. It is a good ideathat we combine E-learning andattending school together. Learning is not asimple multiple-choicequestion but an important issue that needs your tryingandinvolvement.第二版（机器人）For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a shortessay on the use of robots. Try toimagine what will happen whenrobots take the place of human beings in industryas well aspeople’s daily lives. You are required to write at least 150wordsbut no more than 200 words.第一段:引出文章话题.说明技术的发展对人类生活的改变.第二段:针对此现象作出观点的阐述第三段:得出结论.It is held bysome people that knowledge is power,especially scientific and technologicalknowledge. Science andtechnology are the motive power of the socialdevelopment, whichconstitute a primary productive force. The use of robots istheproduce of development of science and technology.People’s viewson the use of robots vary from person toperson. Some hold that human life cannotcontinue without the use ofrobots. For many years, human society has developedwith the use ofscience and technology. So the lifewith the use of robots we areliving now is more efficient than thatof our fore fathers. They go on to pointout that the use of robotshas brought about many changes in people's life. Forexample,through the use of robots can improve the work efficiency andavoiddangerous events happening in our life in that we can requirerobots to do someworks with danger instead of humanbeings.Science andtechnology of robots are the crystallization ofhuman wisdom. It brought aglorious past to humanity, also willbring bright future to mankind.For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a shortessay on living in the virtualworld. Try to imagine what willhappen when people spend more and more time inthe virtual worldinstead of interacting in the real world. You are required towriteat least 150 words but no more than 200 words.第三版（虚拟世界）第一段:说明科技发展对人类生活的改变,引出话题.说明,我们交流方式的变化.第二段:人们虚拟世界的交流给我们带来的影响.第三段:得出结论.We have to admit that the impactoftechnology on society is unquestionable. Whetherconsidering the TV or thecomputers, technology has had a hugeimpact on society. While not every advancehas been beneficial,there have been many positive effects of technology. Theinternet isone typical example.With the development of science andtechnology, the worldis no longer what it used to be. But the ability ofcommunication isa significant skill which should be cultivated if we want tosurviveand succeed in the world. But the way of communication with peoplehaschanged dramatically. Almost everyone today has a computer, anduses it tocommunicate with their friends, family, and evenbusiness. The virtual worldcommunication has changed the way thatpeople communicate.Since communication between peoplein the real world is of utmost importance, lack of communicationwilllead to perish of human beings. Through communication in thereal world, mutualunderstanding can be promoted and fosteredbetween people, which cannot bereplaced by the virtualcommunication.六级翻译第一套旗袍(qipao)是一种雅致的中国服装,源于中国的满族(Manchu Nationality)。
2016年6月英语真题答案(3套完整版)
2016年6月英语六级参考答案（卷一）2016年6月英语六级真题（卷一）听力答案Section A1 D)Market research consultant2 A) Quantitative advertising research3 D) They study trends or customer satisfaction over a longperiod。
4 B) Checking charts and tables。
5 A) His view on Canadian universities。
6 B) It is rather inflexible。
7 C) Everybody should be given equal access to highereducation。
8 C) It is hard to say which is better，a public university ora private university。
Section B9 B) The worsening real wage situation around the world。
10 A) They will feel less pressure to raise employees’ wages.11 C) Employees work shorter hours to avoid layoffs。
12 A) Whether memory supplements work。
13 D) They are not on based on real science。
14 D) They are prescribed by trained practitioners。
15.B) Taking them with other medications might entail unnecessary risks。
2016年6级真题答案解析
2016年6月英语六级真题Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the use of robots. Try to imagine what will happen when more and more robots take the place of human beings in industry as well as people's daily lives. You are requried to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A)Project organizerB)Public relations officer.C)Marketing manager.D)Market research consultant.2.A)Quantitative advertising research.B)Questionnaire design.C)Research methodology.D)Interviewer training.3.A)They are intensive studies of people’s spending habits.B)They examine relations between producers and customers.C)They look for new and effective ways to promote products.D)They study trends or customer satisfaction over a long period.4.A)The lack of promotion opportunity.B)Checking charts and tables.C)Designing questionnaires.D)The persistent intensity.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A)His view on Canadian universities.B)His understanding of higher education.C)His suggestions for improvements in higher education.D)His complaint about bureaucracy in American universities.6.A)It is well designed.B)It is rather inflexible.C)It varies among universities.D)It has undergone great changes.7.A)The United States and Canada can learn from each other.B)Public universities are often superior to private universities.C)Everyone should be given equal access to higher education.D)Private schools work more efficiently than public institutions.8.A) University systems vary from country to country.B)Efficiency is essential to university management.C) It is hard to say which is better, a public university or a private one.D) Many private university in the U.S. Are actually large bureaucracies.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A) Government’s role in resolving an economic crisis.B) The worsening real wage situation around the worldC) Indications of economic recovery in the United States.D) The impact of the current economic crisis on people’s life.10.A)They will feel less pressure to raise employees’ wages.B) They will feel free to choose the most suitable employees.C) They will feel inclined to expand their business operations.D) They will feel more confident in competing with their rivals.11.A) Employees and companies cooperate to pull through the economic crisis.B) Government and companies join hands to create hobs for the unemployed.C) Employees work shorter hours to avoid layoffs.D) Team work will be encouraged in companies.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A) Whether memory supplements work.B) Whether herbal medicine works wonders.C) Whether exercise enhances one’s memory.D) Whether a magic memory promises success.13.A) They help the elderly more than the young.B) They are beneficial in one way or another.C) They generally do not have side effects.D) They are not based on real science.14.A)They are available at most country fairs.B)They are taken in relatively high dosage.C)They are collected or grown by farmers.D)They are prescribed by trained practitioners.15.A)They have often proved to be as helpful as doing mental exercise.B)Taking them with other medications might entail unnecessary risks.C)Their effect lasts only a short time.D)Many have benefited from them.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A)How catastrophic natural disasters turn out to be to developing nations.B)How the World Meteorological Organization studies natural disasters.C)How powerless humans appear to be in face of natural disasters.D)How the negative impacts of natural disasters can be reduced.17.A)By training rescue teams for emergencies.B)By taking steps to prepare people for them.C)By changing people’s views of nature.D)By relocating people to safer places.18.A)How preventive action can reduce the loss of life.B)How courageous Cubans are in face of disasters.C)How Cubans suffer from tropical storms.D)How destructive tropical storms can be.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19.A)Pay back their loans to the American government.B)Provide loans to those in severe financial difficulty.C)Contribute more to the goal of a wider recovery.D)Speed up their recovery from the housing bubble.20.A)Some banks may have to merge with others.B)Many smaller regional banks are going to fail.C)It will be hard for banks to provide more loans.D)Many banks will have to lay off some employees.21.A)It will work closely with the government.B)It will endeavor to write off bad loans.C)It will try to lower the interest rate.D)It will try to provide more loans.22.A)It won’t help the American economy to turn around.B)It won’t do any good to the major commercial banks.C)It will win the approval of the Obama administration.D)It will be necessary if the economy starts to shrink again.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23.A)Being unable to learn new things.B)Being rather slow to make changes.C)Losing temper more and more often.D)Losing the ability to get on with others.24.A)Cognitive stimulation.B)Community activity.C)Balanced diet.D)Fresh air.25.A)Ignoring the signs and symptoms of aging.B)Adopting an optimistic attitude towards life.C)Endeavoring to give up unhealthy lifestyles.D)Seeking advice from doctors from time to time.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Pursuing a career is an essential part of adolescent development.“The adolescent becomes an adult when he_26_a real job.”To cognitive researchers likePiaget,adulthood meant the beginning of an_27_.Piaget argued that once adolescents enter the world of work,their newly acquired ability to form hypotheses allows them to create representations that are too ideal.The_28_of such ideals,without the tempering of the reality of a job or profession,rapidly leads adolescents to become _29_ of the non-idealistic world and to press for reform in a characteristically adolescent way.Piaget said:“True adaptation to society comes_30_when the adolescent reformer attempts to put his ideas to work.”Of course,youthful idealism is often courageous,and no one likes to give up dreams.Perhaps,taken_31_out of context,Piaget’s statement seems harsh.What he was_32_，however,is the way reality can modify idealistic views.Some people refer to such modification as maturity.Piaget argued that attaining and accepting a vocation is one of the best ways to modify idealized views and to mature.As careers and vocations become less available during times of _33_,adolescents may be especially hard hit.Such difficult economic times may leave many adolescents_34_about their roles in society.For this reason,community interventions and government job programs that offer summer and vacation work are not only economically_35_but also help to stimulate the adolescent’s sense of worth.A)automaticallyB)beneficialC)capturingD)confusedE)emphasizingF)entranceG)excitedH)existenceI)incidentallyJ)intolerantK)occupationL)promisesM)recessionN)slightlyO)undertakesSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Can societies be rich and green?[A]“If our economies are to flourish,if global poverty is to be eliminated and if the well-being of the world’s people enhanced—not just in this generation but in succeeding generations—we must make sure we take care of the natural environment and resources on which our economic activity depends.”That statement comes not,as you might imagine,from a stereotypical tree-hugging,save-the-world greenie(环保主义者),but from Gordon Brown,a politician with a reputation forrigour,thoroughness and above all,caution.[B]A surprising thing for the man who runs one of the world’s most powerful economies to say?Perhaps;though in the run-up to the five-year review of the Millennium(千年的)Goals,he is far from alone.The roots of his speech,given in March at the roundtable meeting of environment and energy ministers from the G20 group of nations,stretch back to 1972,and the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm.[C]“The protection and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which affects the well-being of peoples and economic development throughout the world,”read the final declaration from this gathering,the first of a sequence which would lead to the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit in 1992 and the World Development Summit in Johannesburg three years ago.[D]Hunt through the reports prepared by UN agencies and development groups—many for conferences such as this year’s Millennium Goals review—and you will find that the linkage between environmental protection and economic progress is a commonthread.[E]Managing ecosystems sustainably is more profitable than exploiting them,according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment.But finding hard evidence to support the thesis is not so easy.Thoughts turn first to some sort of global statistic,some indicator which would rate the wealth of nations in both economic and environmental terms and show a relationship between the two.[F]If such an indicator exists,it is well hidden.And on reflection,this is not surprising;the single word“environment”has so many dimensions,and there are so many other factors affecting wealth—such as the oil deposits—that teasing out a simple economy-environment relationship would be almost impossible.[G]The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment,a vast four-year global study which reported its initial conclusions earlier this year,found reasons to believe that managing ecosystems sustainably—working with nature rather than against it—might be less profitable in the short term,but certainly brings long-term rewards.[H]And the World Resources Institute(WRI)in its World Resources 2005 report,issued at the end of August,produced several such examples from Africa and Asia;it also demonstrated that environmental degradation affects the poor more than the rich,as poorer people derive a much higher proportion of their income directly from the natural resources around them.[I]But there are also many examples of growing wealth by trashing the environment,in rich and poor parts of the world alike,whether through unregulated mineral extraction,drastic water use for agriculture,slash-and-burn farming,or fossil-fuel-guzzling(大量消耗)transport.Of course,such growth may not persist in the long term—which is what Mr.Brown and the Stockholm declaration were both attempting to point out.Perhaps the best example of boom growth and bust decline is the Grand Banks fishery.For almost five centuries a very large supply of cod(鳕鱼)provided abundant raw material for an industry which at its peak employed about 40,000 people,sustaining entire communities in Newfoundland.Then,abruptly,the cod population collapsed.There were no longer enough fish in the sea for the stock to maintain itself,let alone an industry.More than a decade later,there was no sign of the ecosystem re-building itself.It had,apparently,been fished out of existence;and the once mighty Newfoundland fleet now gropes about frantically for crab on the sea floor.[J]There is a view that modern humans are inevitably sowing the seed of a global Grand Banks-style disaster.The idea is that we are taking more out of what you might call the planet’s environmental bank balance than it can sustain;we are living beyond our ecological means.One recent study attempted to calculate the extent of this “ecological overshoot of the human economy”,and found that we are using 1.2 Earth’s-worth of environmental goods and services—the implication being that at some point the debt will be called in,and all those services—the things which the planet does for us for free—will grind to a halt.[K]Whether this is right,and if so where and when the ecological axe will fall,is hard to determine with any precision—which is why governments and financial institutions are only beginning to bring such risks into their economiccalculations.It is also the reason why development agencies are not united in their view of environmental issues;while some,like the WRI,maintain that environmental progress needs to go hand-in-hand with economic development,others argue that the priority is to build a thriving economy,and then use the wealth created to tackle environmental degradation.[L]This view assumes that rich societies will invest in environmental care.But is this right?Do things get better or worse as we get richer? Here the Stockholm declaration is ambiguous.“In the developing countries,”it says,“most of the environmental problems are caused by under-development.”So it is saying that economic development should make for a cleaner world?Not necessarily;“In the industralised countries,environmental problems are generally related to industrialisation and technological development,”it continues.In other words,poor and rich both over-exploit the natural world,but for different reasons.It’s simply not true that economic growth will surely make our world cleaner.[M]Clearly,richer societies are able to provide environmental improvements which lie well beyond the reach of poorer communities.Citizens of wealthy nations demand national parks,clean rivers,clean air and poison-free food.Theyalso,however,use far more natural resources-fuel,water(all those baths and golf courses)and building materials.[N]A case can be made that rich nations export environmental problems,the most graphic example being climate change.As a country’s wealth grows,so do its greenhouse gas emissions.The figures available will not be completely accurate.Measuring emissions is not a precise science, particularly when it comes to issues surrounding land use;not all nations have re-leased up-to-date data,and in any case,emissions from some sectors such as aviation are not included in national statistics.But the data is exact enough for a clear trend to be easily discernible.As countries become richer,they produce more greenhouse gases;and the impact of those gases will fall primarily in poor parts of the world.[O]Wealth is not,of course,the only factor involved.The average Norwegian is better off than the average US citizen,but contributes about half as much to climate change.But could Norway keep its standard of living and yet cut its emissions to Moroccan or even Ethiopian levels?That question,repeated across a dozen environmental issues and across our diverse planet,is what will ultimately determine whether the human race is living beyond its ecological means as it pursues economic revival.36.Examples show that both rich and poor countries exploited the environment for economic progress.37.Environmental protection and improvement benefit people all over the world.38.It is not necessarily true that economic growth will make our world cleaner.39.The common theme of the UN reports is the relation between environmental protection and economic growth.40.Development agencies disagree regarding how to tackle environment issues while ensuring economic progress.41.It is difficult to find solid evidence to prove environmental friendliness generates more profits than exploiting the natural environment.42.Sustainable management of ecosystems will prove rewarding in the long run.43.A politician noted for being cautious asserts that sustainable human development depends on the natural environment.44.Poor countries will have to bear the cost for rich nations’ economic development.45.One recent study warns us of the danger of the exhaustion of natural resources on Earth.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Interactive television advertising, which allows viewers to use their remote controls to click on advertisements, has been pushed for years. Nearly a decade ago it was predicted that viewers of “Friends”, a popular situation comedy, would soon be able to purchase a sweater like Jennifer Aniston’s with a few taps on their remote control.“It’s been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years,”says Colin Dixon of a digital-media consultancy.So the news that Cablevision, and American cable company, was rolling out interactive advertisements to all its customers on October 6th was greeted with some skepticism. During commercials, an overlay will appear at the bottom of the screen, prompting viewers to press a button to request a free sample or order a catalogue. Cablevision hopes to allow customers to buy things with their remote controls early next year.Television advertising could do with a boost. Spending fell by 10% in the first half of the year. The popularization of digital video recorders has caused advertisers to worry that their commercials will be skipped. Some are turning to the Internet, which is cheaper and offers concrete measurements like click-through rates—especially important at a time when marketing budgets are tight. With the launch of interactive advertising,“many of the dollars that went to the Internet will come back to the TV,”says David Kline of Cablevision. Or so the industry hopes.In theory, interactive advertising can engage viewers in a way that 30-second spots do not. Unilever recently ran an interactive campaign for its Axe deodorant(除臭剂)，which kept viewers engaged for more than three minutes on average.The amount spent on interactive advertising on television is still small. Magna, an advertising agency, reckons it will be worth about $138 million this year. That falls far short of the billions of dollars people once expected it to generate. But DirecTV, Comcast and Time Warner Cable have all invested in it. A new effort ledby Canoe Ventures, a coalition of leading cable providers, aims to make interactive advertising available across America later this year. BrightLine iTV, Which designs and sells interactive ads, says interest has surged: it expects its revenues almost to triple this year. BSkyB, Britain’s biggest satellite-television service, already provides 9 million customers with interactive ads.Yet there are doubts whether people watching television, a“lean back”medium, crave interaction. Click-through rates have been high so far(around 3-4%, compared with less than 0.3% online), but that may be a result of the novelty. Interactive ads and viewers might not go well together.46.What does Colin Dixon mean by saying“It’s been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years”(Lines 4-5, Para.1)?A)Interactive television advertising will become popular in 10-12 years.B)Interactive television advertising has been under debate for the last decade or so.C)Interactive television advertising is successful when incorporated into situation comedies.D)Interactive television advertising has not achieved the anticipated results.47.What is the public’s response to Cablevision’s planned interactive TV advertising program?A)Pretty positive.B)Totally indifferent.C)Somewhat doubtful.D)Rather critical.48.What is the impact of the wide use of digital video recorders on TV advertising?A)It has made TV advertising easily accessible to viewers.B)It helps advertisers to measure the click-through rates.C)It has placed TV advertising at a great disadvantage.D)It enables viewers to check the sales items with ease.49.What do we learn about Unilever’s interactive campaign?A)It proves the advantage of TV advertising.B)It has done well in engaging the viewers.C)It helps attract investments in the company.D)it has boosted the TV advertising industry.50.How does the author view the hitherto high click-through rates?A)They may be due to the novel way of advertising.B)They signify the popularity of interactive advertising.C)They point to the growing curiosity ofTV viewers.D)They indicate the future direction of media reform.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.What can be done about mass unemployment? All the wise heads agree: there’re no quick or easy answers. There’s work to be done, but workers aren’t ready to do it—they’re in the wrong places, or they have the wrong skills, Our problems are“structural,”and will take many years to solve.But don’t bother asking for evidence that justifies this bleak view. There isn’t any. On the contrary, all the facts suggest that high unemployment in America is the result of inadequate demand. saying that there’re no easy answers sounds wise. But it’s actually foolish: our unemployment crisis could be cured very quickly if we had the intellectual clarity and political will to act. In other words, structural unemployment is a fake problem, which mainly serves as an excuse for not pursing real solutions.The fact is job openings have plunged in every major sector, while the number of workers forced into part-time employment in almost all industries has soared. Unemployment has surged in every major occupational category. Only three states. With a combined population not much larger than that of Brooklyn, have unemployment rates below 5%. So the evidence contradicts the claim that we’re mainly suffering from structural unemployment. Why, then, has this claim become so popular?Part of the answer is that this is what always happens during periods of high unemployment—in part because experts and analysts believe that declaring the problem deeply rooted, with no easy answers, makes them sound serious.I’ve been looking at what self-proclaimed experts were saying about unemployment during the Great Depression; it was almost identical to what Very Serious People are saying now. Unemployment cannot be brought down rapidly, declared one 1935 analysis, because the workforce is“unadaptable and untrained. It cannot respond to the opportunities which industry may offer.”A few years later, a large defense buildup finally provided a fiscal stimulus adequate to the economy’s needs —and suddenly industry was eager to employ those“unadaptable and untrained”workers.But now, as then, powerful forces are ideologically opposed to the whole idea of government action on a sufficient scale to jump-start the economy. And that, fundamentally, is why claims that we face huge structural problems have been multiplying: they offer a reason to do nothing about the mass unemployment that is crippling out economy and our society.So what you need to know is that there’s no evidence whatsoever to back these claims. We aren’t suffering from a shortage of needed skills, We’re suffering from a lack of policy resolve. As I said, structural unemployment isn’t a real problem, it’s an excuse—a reason not to act on America’s problems at a time when action is desperately needed.51.What does the author think is the root cause of mass unemployment in America?A)Corporate mismanagement.B)Insufficient demand.C)Technological advances.D)Workers’ slow adaptation.52.What does the author think of the experts’ claim concerning unemployment?A)Self-evident.B)Thought-provoking.C)Irrational.D)Groundless.53.What does the author say helped bring down unemployment during the Great Depression?A)The booming defense industry.B)The wise heads’ benefit package.C)Nationwide training of workers.D)Thorough restructuring of industries.54.What has caused claims of huge structural problems to multiply?A)Powerful opposition to government’s stimulus efforts.B)Very Serious People’s attempt to cripple the economy.C)Evidence gathered from many sectors of the industries.D)Economists’ failure to detect the problems in time.55.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A)To testify to the experts’ analysis of America’s problems.B)To offer a feasible solution to the structural unemployment.C)To show the urgent need for the government to take action.D)To alert American workers to the urgency for adaptation.Part IV Translation (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展。
2016年6月英语六级真题.doc
2016 年 6 月英语六级真题Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions ： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the use of robots. Try to imagine what will happen when more and more robots take the place of human beings in industry as well as people's daily lives. You are requried to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section AQuestions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A)Project organizerB)Public relations officer.C)Marketing manager.D)Market research consultant.2.A)Quantitative advertising research.B)Questionnaire design.C)Research methodology.D)Interviewer training.3.A)They are intensive studies of people’s spending. habitB)They examine relations between producers and customers.C)They look for new and effective ways to promote products.D)They study trends or customer satisfaction over a long period.4.A)The lack of promotion opportunity.B)Checking charts and tables.C)Designing questionnaires.D)The persistent intensity.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A)His view on Canadian universities.B)His understanding of higher education.C)His suggestions for improvements in higher education.D)His complaint about bureaucracy in American universities.6.A)It is well designed.B)It is rather inflexible.C)It varies among universities.D)It has undergone great changes.7.A)The United States and Canada can learn from each other.B)Public universities are often superior to private universities.C)Everyone should be given equal access to higher education.D)Private schools work more efficiently than public institutions.8.A) University systems vary from country to country.B)Efficiency is essential to university management.C)It is hard to say which is better, a public university or a private one.D)Many private university in the U.S. Are actually large bureaucracies.Section BQuestions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A) Government ’s role in resolving an economic crisis.B)The worsening real wage situation around the worldC)Indications of economic recovery in the United States.D) The impact of the cur rent economic crisis on people’s life.10.A)They will feel less pressure to raise employees’ wages.B)They will feel free to choose the most suitable employees.C)They will feel inclined to expand their business operations.D)They will feel more confident in competing with their rivals.11.A) Employees and companies cooperate to pull through the economic crisis.B)Government and companies join hands to create hobs for the unemployed.C)Employees work shorter hours to avoid layoffs.D)Team work will be encouraged in companies.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A) Whether memory supplements work.B) Whether herbal medicine works wonders.C) Whether exercise enhances one’s memory.D) Whether a magic memory promises success.13.A) They help the elderly more than the young.B)They are beneficial in one way or another.C)They generally do not have side effects.D)They are not based on real science.14.A)They are available at most country fairs.B)They are taken in relatively high dosage.C)They are collected or grown by farmers.D)They are prescribed by trained practitioners.15.A)They have often proved to be as helpful as doing mental exercise.B)Taking them with other medications might entail unnecessary risks.C)Their effect lasts only a short time.D)Many have benefited from them.Section CQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A)How catastrophic natural disasters turn out to be to developing nations.B)How the World Meteorological Organization studies natural disasters.C)How powerless humans appear to be in face of natural disasters.D)How the negative impacts of natural disasters can be reduced.17.A)By training rescue teams for emergencies.B)By taking steps to prepare people for them.C)By changing people’s views of nature.D)By relocating people to safer places.18.A)How preventive action can reduce the loss of life.B)How courageous Cubans are in face of disasters.C)How Cubans suffer from tropical storms.D)How destructive tropical storms can be.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19.A)Pay back their loans to the American government.B)Provide loans to those in severe financial difficulty.C)Contribute more to the goal of a wider recovery.D)Speed up their recovery from the housing bubble.20.A)Some banks may have to merge with others.B)Many smaller regional banks are going to fail.C)It will be hard for banks to provide more loans.D)Many banks will have to lay off some employees.21.A)It will work closely with the government.B)It will endeavor to write off bad loans.C)It will try to lower the interest rate.D)It will try to provide more loans.22.A)It won’t help the American economy to turn around.B)It won ’t do any good to the major commercial banks.C)It will win the approval of the Obama administration.D)It will be necessary if the economy starts to shrink again.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23.A)Being unable to learn new things.B)Being rather slow to make changes.C)Losing temper more and more often.D)Losing the ability to get on with others.24.A)Cognitive stimulation.B)Community activity.C)Balanced diet.D)Fresh air.25.A)Ignoring the signs and symptoms of aging.B)Adopting an optimistic attitude towards life.C)Endeavoring to give up unhealthy lifestyles.D)Seeking advice from doctors from time to time.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section APursuing a career is an essential part of adolescent development.“The adolescent becomes an adult when he_26_a real job.” Tocgnitive researchers like Piaget, adulthood meant the beginning of an_27_.Piaget argued that once adolescents enter the world of work, their newly acquired ability toform hypotheses allows them to create representations that are too ideal.The_28_of such ideals,without the tempering of the reality of a job or profession, rapidly leads adolescents to become_29_ of the non-idealistic world and to press for reform in a characteristically adolescent way.Piaget said:“ True adaptation to society comes_30_when the adolescent reformer attempts to puthis ideas to work.”Of course, youthful idealism is often courageous, and no one likes to give up dreams.Perhaps,taken_31_out of context, Piaget’ s statement seems harsh. What，he was_32_ however, is the way reality can modify idealistic views. Some people refer to such modification asmaturity. Piaget argued that attaining and accepting a vocation is one of the best ways to modifyidealized views and to mature.As careers and vocations become less available during times of _33_,adolescents may be especially hard hit. Such difficult economic times may leave many adolescents_34_about theirroles in society. For this reason, community interventions and government job programs thatoffer summer and vacation work are not only economically_35_but also help to stimulate the adolescent ’enses of worth.A)automatically B)beneficial C)capturing D)confusedE)emphasizing F)entrance G)excited H)existenceI)incidentally J)intolerant K)occupation L)promisesM)recession N)slightly O)undertakesSection BCan societies be rich and green?[A] “ourIf economies are to flourish,if global poverty is to be eliminated and if the well-being ofthe world ’peoples enhanced —not just in this generation but in succeeding generations —wemust make sure we take care of the natural environment and resources on which our economicactivity depends. ” Thatstatement comes not, as you might imagine, from a stereotypicaltree-hugging, save-the-world greenie( 环保主义者 ),but from Gordon Brown, a politician with areputation for rigour, thoroughness and above all, caution.[B]A surprising thing for the man who runs one of the world ’ s most powerful economies to say? Perhaps; though in the run-up to the five-year review of the Millennium( 千年的 )Goals ,he is farfrom alone. The roots of his speech, given in March at the roundtable meeting of environmentand energy ministers from the G20 group of nations, stretch back to 1972,and the United NationsConference on the Human Environment in Stockholm.[C] “ The protection and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which affectsthe well- being of peoples and economic development throughout the world, ” readthe finaldeclaration from this gathering, the first of a sequence which would lead to the Rio de Janeiro EarthSummit in 1992 and the World Development Summit in Johannesburg three years ago. [D]Huntthrough the reports prepared by UN agencies and development groups—many for conferences suchas this year ’Millenniums Goals review —and you will find that the linkage between environmentalprotection and economic progress is a common thread.[E]Managing ecosystems sustainably is more profitable than exploiting them, according to theMillennium Ecosystem Assessment. But finding hard evidence to support the thesis is not so easy.Thoughts turn first to some sort of global statistic, some indicator which would rate the wealth ofnations in both economic and environmental terms and show a relationship between the two. [F]Ifsuch an indicator exists, it is well hidden. And on reflection, this is not surprising; the single word“ environmenthas”so many dimensions, and there are so many other factors affectingwealth —such as the oil deposits —that teasing out a simple economy-environment relationshipwould be almost impossible.[G]The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, a vast four-year global study which reported its initialconclusions earlier this year, found reasons to believe that managing ecosystems sustainably—working with nature rather than against it —might be less profitable in the short term ,but certainlybrings long-term rewards.[H]And the World Resources Institute(WRI)in its World Resources 2005 report, issued at the endof August, produced several such examples from Africa and Asia; it also demonstrated that environmental degradation affects the poor more than the rich, as poorer people derive a muchhigher proportion of their income directly from the natural resources around them.[I]But there are also many examples of growing wealth by trashing the environment, in rich andpoor parts of the world alike, whether through unregulated mineral extraction, drastic water usefor agriculture, slash-and-burn farming, or fossil-fuel-guzzling( 大量消耗 )transport. Of course,such growth may not persist in the long term —which is what Mr. Brown and the Stockholmdeclaration were both attempting to point out. Perhaps the best example of boom growth andbust decline is the Grand Banks fishery. For almost five centuries a very large supply of cod( 鳕鱼)provided abundant raw material for an industry which at its peak employed about 40,000people, sustaining entire communities in Newfoundland. Then, abruptly, the cod populationcollapsed. There were no longer enough fish in the sea for the stock to maintain itself, let alonean industry .More than a decade later, there was no sign of the ecosystem re-building itself. It had,apparently, been fished out of existence ;and the once mighty Newfoundland fleet now gropesabout frantically for crab on the sea floor.[J]There is a view that modern humans are inevitably sowing the seed of a global GrandBanks-style disaster. The idea is that we are taking more out of what you might call the planetenvironmental bank balance than it can sustain; we are living beyond our ecological means. Onerecent study attempted to calculate the extent of this “ ecologicalovershoot of the humaneconomy ” ,and found that we are using 1.2 Earth ’s-worth of environmental goods andservices—the implication being that at some point the debt will be called in,and all thoseservices—the things which the planet does for us for free —will grind to a halt.[K]Whether this is right, and if so where and when the ecological axe will fall, is hard todetermine with any precision —which is why governments and financial institutions are onlybeginning to bring such risks into their economic calculations. It is also the reason whydevelopment agencies are not united in their view of environmental issues; while some, like theWRI, maintain that environmental progress needs to go hand-in-hand with economicdevelopment, others argue that the priority is to build a thriving economy, and then use thewealth created to tackle environmental degradation.[L]This view assumes that rich societies will invest in environmental care.But is this right?Dothings get better or worse as we get richer? Here the Stockholm declaratio n is ambiguous. “ In thedeveloping countries, ”says,it “ mostof the environmental problems are caused byunder- development. ” So it is saying that economic development should make for a cleaner world?Not necessarily; “ In the industralised countries, environmental problems are generally related toindustrialisation and technological development, ” it continues. In other words, poor and rich bothover-exploit the natural world,but for different reasons. It ’ s simply not true that economic growth will surely make our world cleaner.[M]Clearly, richer societies are able to provide environmental improvements which lie wellbeyond the reach of poorer communities. Citizens of wealthy nations demand national parks,clean rivers, clean air and poison-free food. They also, however, use far more naturalresources-fuel, water(all those baths and golf courses)and building materials.[N]A case can be made that rich nations export environmental problems, the most graphicexample being climate change. As a country ’ s wealthodo grows,itsgreenhouse gas emissions.The figures available will not be completely accurate. Measuring emissions is not a precisescience, particularly when it comes to issues surrounding land use; not all nations have re-leasedup-to-date data, and in any case, emissions from some sectors such as aviation are not includedin national statistics. But the data is exact enough for a clear trend to be easily discernible. Ascountries become richer, they produce more greenhouse gases; and the impact of those gaseswill fall primarily in poor parts of the world.[O]Wealth is not, of course, the only factor involved. The average Norwegian is better off than theaverage US citizen, but contributes about half as much to climate change. But could Norway keep itsstandard of living and yet cut its emissions to Moroccan or even Ethiopian levels? Thatquestion ,repeated across a dozen environmental issues and across our diverse planet, is whatwill ultimately determine whether the human race is living beyond its ecological means as it pursueseconomic revival.36.Examples show that both rich and poor countries exploited the environment for economicprogress.37.Environmental protection and improvement benefit people all over the world.38.It is not necessarily true that economic growth will make our world cleaner.39.The common theme of the UN reports is the relation between environmental protectionand economic growth.40.Development agencies disagree regarding how to tackle environment issues while ensuringeconomic progress.41.It is difficult to find solid evidence to prove environmental friendliness generates moreprofits than exploiting the natural environment.42.Sustainable management of ecosystems will prove rewarding in the long run.43.A politician noted for being cautious asserts that sustainable human development dependson the natural environment.44.Poor countries will have to bear the cost for rich nations’ economic development.45.One recent study warns us of the danger of the exhaustion of natural resources on Earth.Section CPassage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Interactive television advertising, which allows viewers to use their remote controls to click onadvertisements, has been pushed for years. Nearly a decade ago it was predicted that viewers of“Friends a”popular, situation comedy, would soon be able to purchase a sweater like JenniferAniston ’withs a few taps on their remote control. “beenIt’ sthe year of interactive televisionadvertising for the last ten or twelve ye ars, ” says Colin Dixon of a digital-media consultancy.So the news that Cablevision, and American cable company, was rolling out interactiveadvertisements to all its customers on October 6th was greeted with some skepticism. Duringcommercials, an overlay will appear at the bottom of the screen, prompting viewers to press abutton to request a free sample or order a catalogue. Cablevision hopes to allow customers tobuy things with their remote controls early next year.Television advertising could do with a boost. Spending fell by 10% in the first half of the year.The popularization of digital video recorders has caused advertisers to worry that theircommercials will be skipped. Some are turning to the Internet, which is cheaper and offersconcrete measurements like click-through rates —especially important at a time when marketingbudgets are tight. With the launch of interactive advertising, “ many of the dollars that went to th Internet will come back to the TV, ” says David Kline of Cablevisionindustry.Orsohopesth.In theory, interactive advertising can engage viewers in a way that 30-second spots do not.Unilever recently ran an interactive campaign for its Axe deodorant( 除臭剂 )， which kept viewersengaged for more than three minutes on average.The amount spent on interactive advertising on television is still small. Magna, an advertisingagency, reckons it will be worth about $138 million this year. That falls far short of the billions ofdollars people once expected it to generate. But DirecTV, Comcast and Time Warner Cable haveall invested in it. A new effort led by Canoe Ventures, a coalition of leading cable providers, aimsto make interactive advertising available across America later this year. BrightLine iTV, Which designs and sells interactive ads, says interest has surged: it expects its revenues almost to triplethis year. BSkyB, Britain ’ s biggest-televisionsatelliteservice, already provides 9 million customers with interactive ads.Yet there are doubts whether people watching television, a“ lean back” medium, crave interaction.Click-through rates have been high so far(around 3-4%, compared with less than 0.3% online), butthat may be a result of the novelty. Interactive ads and viewers might not go well together.46.What does Colin Dixon me an by saying“ It’ s been the year of interactive television advertisingfor the last ten or twelve years-5, Para”(Lines.1)? 4A)Interactive television advertising will become popular in 10-12 years.B)Interactive television advertising has been under debate for the last decade or so.C)Interactive television advertising is successful when incorporated into situation comedies.D)Interactive television advertising has not achieved the anticipated results.47.What is the public’ s response to Cablevisiond interactive’s TVplanneadvertising program?A)Pretty positive.B)Totally indifferent.C)Somewhat doubtful.D)Rather critical.48.What is the impact of the wide use of digital video recorders on TV advertising?A)It has made TV advertising easily accessible to viewers.B)It helps advertisers to measure the click-through rates.C)It has placed TV advertising at a great disadvantage.D)It enables viewers to check the sales items with ease.49.What do we learn about Unilever’ s interactive campaign?A)It proves the advantage of TV advertising.B)It has done well in engaging the viewers.C)It helps attract investments in the company.D)it has boosted the TV advertising industry.50.How does the author view the hitherto high click-through rates?A)They may be due to the novel way of advertising.B)They signify the popularity of interactive advertising.C)They point to the growing curiosity of TV viewers.D)They indicate the future direction of media reform.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.What can be done about mass unemployment? All the wise heads agree: there’re no quick oreasy answers. There’ s work to be done, but workers aren’ t ready to do it—they’ re in the w places, or they have the wrong skills, Our problems are d “willstructural,akemany years”antosolve.But don ’ t bother asking for evidence that justifies this bleak view. There isn’ t any. On th all the facts suggest that high unemployment in America is the result of inadequate demand.saying that there ’nore easy answers sounds wise. But it ’actuallys foolish: our unemploymentcrisis could be cured very quickly if we had the intellectual clarity and political will to act. In otherwords, structural unemployment is a fake problem, which mainly serves as an excuse for notpursing real solutions.The fact is job openings have plunged in every major sector, while the number of workers forcedinto part-time employment in almost all industries has soared. Unemployment has surged inevery major occupational category. Only three states. With a combined population not muchlarger than that of Brooklyn, have unemployment rates below 5%. So the evidence contradictsthe claim that we’ re mainly suffering from structural unemployment. Why, then, has this claimbecome so popular?Part of the answer is that this is what always happens during periods of high unemployment—inpart because experts and analysts believe that declaring the problem deeply rooted, with no easyanswers, makes them sound serious.I ’ve been looking at what self-proclaimed experts were saying about unemployment during theGreat Depression; it was almost identical to what Very Serious People are saying now. Unemployment cannot be brought down rapidly, declared one 1935 analysis, because theworkforce is “ unadaptable nd untrained. It cannot respond to the opportunities which industrymay offer. A few” years later, a large defense buildup finally provided a fiscal stimulus adequate tothe economy ’ needs — and suddenly industry was eager to employ those “ unadaptableanduntrained ” workers.But now, as then, powerful forces are ideologically opposed to the whole idea of governmentaction on a sufficient scale to jump-start the economy. And that, fundamentally, is why claimsthat we face huge structural problems have been multiplying: they offer a reason to do nothingabout the mass unemployment that is crippling out economy and our society.So what you need to know is that there ’ s no evidence whatsoever to back these claims. We aren suffering from a shortage of needed ski lls, We ’ re suffering from a lack of policy resolve. As I said,structural unemployment isn ’ t a real problem, it ’ s an excuse—a reason not to act on America problems at a time when action is desperately needed.51.What does the author think is the root cause of mass unemployment in America?A)Corporate mismanagement.B)Insufficient demand.C)Technological advances.D)Workers ’ slow adaptation.52.What does the author think of the experts’ claim concerning unemployment?A)Self-evident.B)Thought-provoking.C)Irrational.D)Groundless.53.What does the author say helped bring down unemployment during the Great Depression?A)The booming defense industry.54.What has caused claims of huge structural problems to multiply?A)Powerful opposition to government’ s stimulus efforts.B)Very Serious People’ s attempt to cripple the economy.C)Evidence gathered from many sectors of the industries.D)Economists’ failure to detect the problems in time.55.What is the author ’ s purpose in writing the passage? A)Totestify to the experts ’ analysis of America ’ s problems.B)To offer a feasible solution to the structural unemployment.C)To show the urgent need for the government to take action.D)To alert American workers to the urgency for adaptation.Part IV Translation (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展。
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Section AConversation OneM: So, what's the next thing on the agenda, Mary?W: Well, it's the South Theater Company. They want to know if we'd be intere sted insponsoring a tour they want to make to East Asia.M: East Asia? Uh... and how much are they hoping to get from us?W: Well, the letter mentions 20,000 pounds, but I don't know if they might s ettle for less.M: Do they say what they would cover? Have they anything specific in mind? W: No, I think they are just asking all the firms in town for as much money as they think they'llgive.M: And we are worth 20,000 pounds, right?W: It seems so.M: Very flattering. But I am not awfully happy with the idea. What do we get out of it?W: Oh, good publicity I suppose. So what I suggest is not that we just give t hem a sum ofmoney, but that we offer to pay for something specific like trav el or something, and that inreturn, we ask for our name to be printed promin ently in the program, and that they give usfree advertising space in it.M: But the travel bill would be enormous, and we could never manage that. W: I know. But why don't we offer to pay for the printing of the programs our selves oncondition that on the front cover there's something like "This progra m is presented with thecompliments of Norland Electronics", and free advertis ing of course.M: Good idea. Well, let's get back to them and ask what the program they wa nt will cost. Thenwe can see if we are interested or not.1 What do we learn about the South Theater Company?2 How much does the South Theater Company ask for in the letter?3 What benefit does the woman say their firm can get by sponsoring the Sou th TheaterCompany?4 What does the woman suggest they do instead of paying the South Theater Company'stravel expenses?Conversation TwoW: Rock stars now face a new hazard—voice abuse. After last week's anno uncement that PhilCollins might give up touring because live concerts are rui ning his voice, doctors are counselingstars about the dos and don5ts of voice care. Here in the studio today, we have Mr. Paul Philips,an expert from the Hi ghfield Hospital. Paul, what advice would you give to singers facing voiceprobl ems?M: If pop singers have got voice problems, they really need to be more selec tive about wherethey work. They shouldn't work in smoky atmospheres. They also need to think about restingtheir voices after a show. Something else the y need to be careful about is medicines, aspirin, forexample. Singers should a void aspirin. It thins the blood. And if a singer coughs, this canresult in the br uising of the vocal chords.W: And is it true that some singers use drugs before concerts to boost their v oices when theyhave voice problems?M: Yes, this does happen on occasion. They are easily-available on the Conti nent and they areuseful if a singer has problems with his vocal chords and ha s to sing that night. But if they aretaken regularly, they cause a thinning of th e voice muscle. Most pop singers suffer from threethings: lack of training, ove ruse and abuse of the voice, especially when they are young. Theyhave diffic ult lives. When they go on tour, they do a vast number of concerts, sing in s mokyplaces.W: So, what would you advise these singers to do?M: Warm you voice up before a show and warm it down after.5 What does last week's announcement say about rock star，Phil Collins?6 What does Paul Philips say about aspirin?7 What does Paul Philips say about young pop singers?8 What are the speakers mainly talking about?Section BPassage OneWould you trust a robot to park your car? The question will confront New Yor kers in Februaryas the city's first robotic parking opens in Chinatown. The tec hnology has been successfullyapplied overseas, but the only other public robo tic garage in the United States has beentroublesome, dropping vehicles and trapping cars because of technical problems.Nonetheless, the developers of the Chinatown garage are confident with the technology andare counting on it to squeeze 67 cars in an apartment-buildin g basement that would otherwisefit only 24, accomplished by removing a maneuver space normally required.A human-shaped robot won't be stepping into your car to drive it.Rather, the garage itself does the parking. The driver stops the car on a flat p latform and getsout. The platform is lowered into the garage, and it is then transported to a vacant parkingspace by a computer-controlled device simi lar to an elevator that also runs sideways.There is no human supervision, but an attendant will be on hand to accept cash and explainthe system to new users.Parking rates will be attracted about $400 monthly or $25 per day, according to Ari Milstein, the director of planning for Automation Parking Systems, whic h is the U.S. subsidiary of aGerman company. This company has built autom ated garages in several countries overseas andin the United States for residen ts of a Washington, D.C. apartment building.9 What do we learn about robotic parking in the U.S. so far?10 advantage does robotic parking have according to its developers?11 What does the attendant do in the automated garage?12 What does the company say about the parking rates?Passage TwoAlcoholism is a serious disease. Nearly nine million Americans alone suffer fro m the illness. Manyscientists disagree about what the differences are betwee n an alcohol addict and a social drinker. The difference occurs when someon e needs to drink. And this need gets in the way ofhis health or behavior. Alcohol causes a loss of judgment and alertness. After a long period, alcoho lism can deteriorate the liver, the brain and other parts of the body. The illne ss is dangerous, becauseit is involved in half of all automobile accidents. Anot her problem is that the victim often deniesbeing an alcohol addict and won't get help.Solutions do exist. Many hospitals and centers help patients cope. Without as sistance, the victim can destroy his life. He would detach himself from the r outines of life. He may lose hisemployment, home or loved ones.All the causes of the sickness are not discovered yet. There is no standard for a person withalcoholism. Victims range in age, race, sex and background So me groups of people are more vulnerable to the illness. People from broken h omes and North American Indians are twoexamples. People from broken hom es often lack stable lives. Indians likewise had their traditional life taken fro m them by white settlers who often encourage them to consumealcohol to prevent them from fighting back. The problem has now been passed on. Alcoholism is clearly present in society today. People have started to get help and information.With proper assistance, victims can put their lives together one day.13 What is the problem of the victims about alcoholism according to the spea ker?14 Why did white settlers introduce alcohol to Indians?15 What does the speaker seem to believe about those affected by alcoholis m?ection CRecording OneHi, everybody. On Tuesday, America went to the polls. And the message you sent was clear:you voted for action, not politics as usual.You elected us to focus on your jobs, not ours. That's why I've invited leaders of both partiesto the White House next week, so we can start to build conse nsus around challenges we canonly solve together.I also intend to bring in business, labor and civic leaders from around the co untry from outsideWashington to get their ideas and input as well.At a time when our economy is still recovering from the Great Recession, our top priority hasto be jobs and growth. That's the focus of the plan I talked a bout throughout the campaign.It's a plan to reward businesses that create jobs here in America, and give pe ople access to theeducation and training that those businesses are looking for. It's a plan to rebuild our infrastructure and keep us on the cutting edge of inn ovation andclean energy.And it's a plan to reduce our deficit in a balanced and responsible way.This is even more important because at the end of this year, we face a series of deadlines thatrequire us to make major decisions about how to pay down o ur deficit —decisions that will havea huge impact on the economy and the mi ddle class, not only now but in the future.Last year, I worked with Democrats and Republicans to cut a trillion dollars, w orth of spending,and I intend to work with both parties to do more.But as I said over and over again on the campaign trail, we can't just cut our way to prosperity.If we're serious about reducing the deficit，we have to combine spending cuts withrevenue—and that means asking the wealthiest Americans to pay a little more in taxes.That's how we did it when Bill Clinton was President.And that's the only way we can afford to invest in education and job training andmanufacturing—all the ingredients of a strong middle class and a strong e conomy.Already, I've put forward a detailed plan that allows us to make these invest ments whilereducing our deficit by $4 trillion over the next decade.16 Why are leaders of both parties invited to the White House next week?17 What is the focus of the mentioned plan?18 What are the major decisions about?19 What does combining spending cuts with revenue mean?Recording TwoMost people agree that eating healthy food is important. But sometimes maki ng good foodchoices can be tough. Now, there are apps that can help people l earn about the food they eatto improve their diets and their dining out experi ence.OpenTableOpenTable helps people choose restaurants when they want to go out to eat. OpenTable is afree service that shows users restaurant availability based on where and when they want todine. OpenTable users can also make restaurant reservations directly through the app orwebsite. OpenTable gives users point s when they make reservations. The points can add up todiscounts on restaur ant visits.When users make reservations through OpenTable they get an email confirm ation. They canalso add the reservation directly to their electronic calendar. Max McCalman's Cheese and WineBut which wines go best with which cheeses? Max McCalman's Cheese and Wi ne App can help.It provides information about hundreds of different cheeses a nd suggests wines to pair witheach. More than 3,000 possible combinations c an be found based on 600 different cheeses. Theapp includes a "Cheese 101" section that teaches the basics about choosing a cheese. MaxMcCalman's Che ese & Wine Pairing App is free for iPhone and iPad.EpicuriousEpicurious is a free app and website to help users find recipes and become be tter cooks. Theapp has more than 30,000 recipes and can create a shopping list based on the ingredients in a recip e. Users can search by ingredients or buy vegetables that are in season wher e they live.The app also rates recipes for popularity and other qualities. Users also provide advice aboutmaking the recipes. Each recipe has a list of ingre dients, preparation time, instructions as wellas a photo of the finished meal. C alorificWhat does 200 calories look like? It can be hard to picture. For example,200 calories of broccoliand 200 calories of cake look very different! The app C alorific shows just that. Calorific providesimages of 200 calories worth of food. The pictures can help people on diets and those who justwant to eat healthie r. The app also provides the weights of each food pictured. The app is freefor iPad and iPhone. There is also a version that provides more information for a price.HarvestAn app called Harvest informs users about seasonal fruits and vegetables in di fferent areas.This can be helpful in planning meals. Harvest also tells about p esticide use and organic ers can learn the best ways to safely store f ood and keep it fresh longer.20 What are the points OpenTable offers users for?21 What do we learn about Epicurious?22 How does Calorific help people get healthier?Recording ThreeWe've had fifty years of progress since that landmark Surgeon General's rep ort back in 1964.Over these years incredible things have taken place. Our so ciety has changed—changed interms of tobacco use, in terms of its acceptan ce of smoking in public establishments, inrestaurants, in bars. So things have really changed for the better. In addition, smoking rateshave come down in the United States.We went from 43 percent of adult smokers in the United States to 18 percent currently. Sothat's really made incredible headway, yet I have to emphasi ze the battle isn't over, the warisn't over.Eighteen percent of American adults who are still smoking, basically 40 millio n people in our population. That being said we have to realize also that of th at whole group, we're going tohave roughly a half million people every year d ying from smoking related diseases.So although we've made progress in a half century the reality is we still have a lot of work todo. So, you know, we increasingly see tough advertisements o n the air against smoking.These ads are working. In particular, the CDC—the Center for Disease Contr ol and Preventioncame up with a series of advertisements from former smoke rs called TIPS.And that really was quite effective in terms of reducing the number of smoke rs. In addition,there's various policies that need to be implemented and furth er implemented in order to makeus a tobacco-free society.So we really have to work at the idea of using media, using those advertisem ents. We have tolook at really concentrating on the youth of America to make it more difficult to actually getcigarettes. And in addition we have to look at the idea of pricing cigarettes appropriately sothat ultimately it becomes a ha rdship to use those products.So, let's talk a little bit about packaging those products. Other countries have much moregraphic detail of the potential dangers of smoking.We're currently working closely; the office of the Surgeon General is working closely with theFood and Drug Administration, specifically the Center for Toba cco Products and are reanalyzingthe whole row of the idea of the warning lab els and the idea of how graphic they should be,and so there will probably be more information coming out on this in the near future.23 What is the number of smokers in America?24 What measures can be taken to make it harder to get cigarettes?25 What institution does the speaker most likely come from?。