2016年6月大学英语四级《仔细阅读》练习题(3)

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2016年6月英语四级阅读答案及解析（卷三新东方版）

2016年6⽉英语四级阅读答案及解析（卷三新东⽅版）选词填空部分历来被看作是阅读部分中最难的⼀部分，但是并没有同学们想象的那样⾼不可攀，因为如果⼤家研读过考纲就会发现，该部分考查词汇的侧重点不在单词意思本⾝，⽽在词性的考查，考查语法的重点也不是什么⾼难度的句型和语法，⽽在实词成分的判定。

⽽这两部分都是⼤家可以提前准备的，也是南京新东⽅⽼师们课堂上已经给⼤家总结好的。

只要⼤家按照课上所讲的答题步骤和技巧去练习，严格控制答题时间，该部分拿个不错的分数也不是很难。

下⾯我们先回顾⼀下课我们课堂上所讲的选词填空的解题步骤吧。

1. 解题步骤2. 读⾸段⾸句抓主题句。

考纲明确指出⾸段⾸句不会设空，以便考⽣能迅速了解⽂章主题。

3. 整理选项标词性。

15个选项中肯定有⾃⼰认识的单词，也有不认识的。

认识的单词标出词性问题不⼤，关键是不认识的单词如何处理。

我们课上讲过，不认识的单词分两种，⼀种是可以通过单词的后缀去猜想的单词，⼀种是纯不会的单词，⽆后缀可猜。

那么我们⾸先肯定是勾兑出⾃⼰认识的单词，⼀般为中⾼考范围内词汇，并标出词性。

其次，勾兑那些通过后缀可以判断词性的单词。

考纲中明确规定，选词部分只对四类单词进⾏考查，形容词、动词、名词和副词。

只要熟记课上我们给⼤家总结的这四类词常见的后缀判断法，那么这类单词的词性不难判断。

也就是说，即使我们不认识⼀部分单词是什么意思，但依然能准确判断词性。

对于纯不会的单词也不于纠结，先放在那⾥，我们说长难词不是选词考查的重点，⽆技巧可猜的单词很可能是作为⼲扰选项，我们可以⽤排除法做。

4. 回到原⽂，缺什么成分补什么成分，⼀般只读空格句。

由于该部分分配到的时间有限，且它相对完形来讲，相对弱化语境，所以我们没有必要⼀句⼀句地读，⽽⼀般只需读空格前后。

语法不好的同学也不必担⼼，因为该部分的语法点只会考查最基础的名动形副成分的判定，这部分课上也是给⼤家总结过的。

5. 选词。

不要指望⼀步到位，我们要在有限的时间⾥拿到分数，这⼀步⼀定要注意我们选词的顺序。

6月大学英语四级阅读理解真题「卷三」

6月大学英语四级阅读理解真题「卷三」2016年6月大学英语四级阅读理解真题「卷三」选词填空、段落匹配、仔细阅读是英语四级阅读理解提的'三大题型，下面是店铺整理的2016年的英语四级阅读理解体积答案，希望能帮到大家!PartIII Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Physical activity does the body good, and there‟s growing evidence that it helps the brain too. Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise, whether at school or on their own, 26 to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests. In a 27 of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic, investigators found that the more children moved, the better their grades were in school, in the basic subjects of math, English and reading.The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools struggle to 30 on smaller budgets. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time. With standardized test scores in the U.S. in recent years, some administrators believe students need tospend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these findings show, exercise and academics may not be exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood to the brain, fueling memory, attention and creativity, which are 34 to learning. And exercise releases hormones that can improve and relieve stress, which can also help learning. So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they‟re running around, they may actually be exercising their brains as well.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph ismarked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Finding the Right Home—and Contentment, Too[A] When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long-term care facility—a moment few parents or children approach without fear—what you would like is to have everything made clear.[B] Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home, or has the industry simply hired better interior designers? Are nursing homes as bad as people fear, or is that an out-moded stereotype(固定看法)? Can doing one‟s homework really steer families to the best places? It is genuinely hard to know.[C] I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in maymatter less than we have assumed. And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the quality of care, let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record. But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do.[D] The most recent of these studies, published in The journal of Applied Gerontology, surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of assisted living, nursing homes and smaller residential care homes(known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes). Researchers from the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a large number of questions about their quality of life, emotional well-being and social interaction, as well as about the quality of the facilities.[E] “We thought we would see differences based on the housing types,” said the lead author of the study, Julie Robison, an associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonable assumption—don‟t families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can‟t?[F] In the initial results, assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities, for instance, and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction.[G] But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables, such differences disappeared. It is not the housing type, they found, that creates differences in residents‟ responses. “Itis the characteristics of the specific environment they are in, combined with their own personal characteristics—how healthy they feel they are, their age and marital status,”Dr. Robison explained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant.[H] An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health, therefore, might be no less depressed in assisted living(even if her children preferred it) than in a nursing home. A person who had input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home, other factors being equal. It is an interaction between the person and the place, not the sort of place in itself, that leads to better or worse experiences. “You can‟t just say, …Let‟s put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home—she will be much better off,‟”Dr. Robison said. What matters, she added, “is a combination of what people b ring in with them, and what they find there.”[I] Such findings, which run counter to common sense, have surfaced before. In a multi-state study of assisted living, for instance, University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables—the facility‟s type, size or age;whether a chain owned it;how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness, mental decline, hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was the residents‟physical health and mental status. What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened once they were there.[J] As I was considering all this, a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk,announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to helpfamilies compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are. As a matter of fact, consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities, the lowest rated, than with the five-star ones.(More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post.)[K] Before we collectively tear our hair out—how are we supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing?—here is a thought from Dr. Philip Sloane, a geriatrician(老年病学专家)at the University of North Carolina:“In a way, that could be liberating for families.”[L] Of course, sons and daughters want to visit the facilities, talk to the administrators and residents and other families, and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they don ‟t have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees. “Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be hap py,” Dr. Sloane said. And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.[M] We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happiness. They have their ideas, too. A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living/nursing home near my town. I have seen this place—it is elegant, inside and out. But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived, though the visit had been planned;nobody introduced them to the other residents. When they had lunch in the dining room, they sat alone at a table.[N] The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there, and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging from some of this research, that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.36. Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing home for their parents.37.Though it helps for children to investigate care facilities, involving their parents in the decision-making process may prove very important.38.It is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home.39.How a resident feels depends on an interaction between themselves and the care facility they live in.40.The author thinks her friend made a rational decision in choosing a more hospitable place over an apparently elegant assisted living home.41.The system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding a satisfactory place.42.At first the researchers of the most recent study found residents in assisted living facilities gave higher scores on social interaction.43.What kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think.44.The findings of the latest research were similar to an earlier multi-state study of assisted living.45.A resident‟s satisfaction with a care facility has much to do with whether they had participated in the decision to move in and how long they had stayed there.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.As Artificial Intelligence(AI) becomes increasingly sophisticated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be avoided, according to computer science professor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks, it‟s necessary to translate our morals into AI language.For example, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn‟t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. “You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values,” said Russell.Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn‟t think that‟s the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do.It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.Robots could also learn values fromdrawing patterns from large sets ofdata on humanbehavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are careless.The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to do sufficient testing and they‟ve produced a system that will break some kind of taboo(禁忌).One simple check would be to program a robot to check thecorrect course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation.If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps(嘟嘟声), and ask for directions from a human. If we humans aren‟t quite sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else.The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral, and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer, robots could be good for humanity.46.What does the author say about the threat of robots?A)It may constitute a challenge to computer programmers.B)It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.C)It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.D)It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated.47.What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author?A)They are aggressive.B)They are outgoing.C)They are ignorant.D)They are ill-bred.48.How do robots learn human values?A)By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.B)By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.C)By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.D)By imitating the behavior of property brought-up human beings.49.What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation?A)Keep a distance from possible dangers.B)Stop to seek advice from a human being.C)Trigger its built-in alarm system at once.D)Do sufficient testing before taking action.50.What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code?A)Determine what is moral and ethical.B)Design some large-scale experiments.C)Set rules for man-machine interaction.D)Develop a more sophisticated program.下载文档润稿写作咨询。

2016年6月大学英语四级真题试卷(三)(题后含答案及解析)

2016年6月大学英语四级真题试卷（三）(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Writing 2. Listening Comprehension 3. Reading Comprehension 4. TranslationPart I Writing1．For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to your parents or any other family member upon making a memorable achievement. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.正确答案：Dear Dad, With Father’s Day approaching, I’m writing this letter to express my thanks and love to you for supporting me in serving as a volunteer teacher in the rural area, which is a memorable achievement in my life. First of all, thank you for trusting me to take good care of myself and supporting me in doing meaningful things, which made the trip possible. Secondly, I’d like to thank you for your encouragement when I was frustrated with the tough living conditions there. What you told me about learning from hardships of life not only made me ashamed of myself but also inspired me to persist. Last but not least, thank you for your immediate visit at the news that I fell ill during the service. Not until that time did I realize how important I am in your heart. I became much more mature after this voluntary experience. More importantly, I got to know what a great father I have. Thank you for helping me to grow up. Love you! Yours sincerely, Mary Part II Listening ComprehensionSection A听力原文：(1)The International Labor Organization says the number of people without jobs is increasing. In its latest update on global employment trends, the agency says projections of the number of unemployed people this year range from 210 million to nearly 240 million people. The report warns that 200 million poor workers are at risk of joining the ranks of people living on less than two dollars per day in the past three years.(2)The director general of the International Labor Organization Juan Somavia notes that some countries have taken measures to address the effects of the global crisis. However, he points out that many countries have not done so. And based on past experiences, it takes four to five years after economic recovery for unemployment to return to pre-crisis levels. Mr. Somavia says the International Labor Organization is proposing a global jobs agreement to deal with unemployment. “Its key objective is to place at the center of recovery efforts measures that would generate higher levels of employment and provide basic social protection for the most vulnerable. “Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. What is the news report mainly about?2. What does JuanSomavia, director general of the International Labor Organization, say?2．A．The International Labour Organization’s key objective.B．The basic social protection for the most vulnerable.C．Rising unemployment worldwide.D．Global economic recovery.正确答案：C解析：新闻开篇提到，国际劳工组织称失业人数正在增加，随后具体说明今年全球失业人数达到2．1亿至2．4亿，故答案为C)。

2016英语四级考试仔细阅读练习题（3）

Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing (裁判) decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees. The researcher organized an experimental tournament (锦标赛) involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge.来源：考试⼤ Observers noted down the referees’ errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number. The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyse the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The research shows the optimum (的) distance is about 20 meters. There also seemed to be an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second. If FIFA, football’s international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues. He also says that FIFA’s insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided. If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical. 21. The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to ________. A) review the decisions of referees at the 1998 World Cup B) analyse the causes of errors made by football referees C) set a standard for football refereeing D) reexamine the rules for football refereeing 22. The number of refereeing errors in the experimental matches was ________. A) slightly above average B) higher than in the 1998 World Cup C) quite unexpected D) as high as in a standard match 23. The findings of the experiment show that ________. A) errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ball B) the farther the referee is from the incident, the fewer the errors C) the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely will errors occur D) errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot 24. The word “officials” (Line 2, Para. 4) most probably refers to ________. A) the researchers involved in the experiment B) the inspectors of the football tournament C) the referees of the football tournamentwww.Ｅ考试就上考试⼤ D) the observers at the site of the experiment 25. What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment? A) The ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is 45. B) Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee. C) A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible. D) An experienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition. Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. While still in its early stages, welfare reform has already been judged a great success in many states—at least in getting people off welfare. It’s estimated that more than 2 million people have left the rolls since 1994. In the past four years, welfare rolls in Athens Country have been cut in half. But 70 percent of the people who left in the past tow years took jobs that paid less than $6 an hour. The result: The Athens County poverty rate still remains at more than 30 percent—twice the national average. For advocates (代⾔⼈) for the poor, that’s an indication much more needs to be done. “More people are getting jobs, but it’s not making their lives any better,” says Kathy Lairn, a policy analyst at the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities in Washington. A center analysis of US Census data nationwide found that between 1995 and 1996, a greater percentage of single, female-headed households were earning money on their own, but that average income for these households actually wentdown. But for many, the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as they did with it is in itself a huge victory. “Welfare was a poison. It was a toxin (毒素) that was poisoning the family,” says Robert Rector, a welfare-reform policy analyst. “The reform in changing the moral climate in low-income communities. It’s beginning to rebuild the work ethic (道德观), which is much more important.” Mr. Rector and others argued that once “the habit of dependency is cracked,” then the country can make other policy changes aimed at improving living standards. 26. From the passage, it can be seen that the author ________. A) believes the reform has reduced the government’s burden B) insists that welfare reform is doing little good for the poor C) is overenthusiastic about the success of welfare reform D) considers welfare reform to be fundamentally successful 27. Why aren’t people enjoying better lives when they have jobs? A) Because many families are divorced. B) Because government aid is now rare. C) Because their wages are low. D) Because the cost of living is rising. 28. What is worth noting from the example of Athens County is that ________. A) greater efforts should be made to improve people’s living standards B) 70 percent of the people there have been employed for two years C) 50 percent of the population no longer relies on welfare D) the living standards of most people are going down 29. From the passage we know that welfare reform aims at ________. A) saving welfare funds B) rebuilding the work ethic C) providing more jobs D) cutting government expenses 30. According to the passage before the welfare reform was carried out, ________. A) the poverty rate was lover B) average living standards were higher C) the average worker was paid higher wages D) the poor used to rely on government aid。

2016年6月英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案解析

2016年6月英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案解析DThe results do not mean that young adults need to start worrying about their memories. Most people's minds function at a high level even in their later years, according to researcher Timothy Salthouse."These patterns suggest that some types of mental flexibility decrease relatively early in adulthood, but that the amount of knowledge one has, and the effectiveness of integrating it with one's abilities，may increase throughout all of adulthood if there are no dispases," Salthouse said in a news release.The study included healthy, educated adults who took standard tests of memory, reasoning and perception at the outset and at some point over the next seven years.The tests are designed to detect subtle (细微的)changes in mental function, and involve solving Puzzles, recalling words and details from stories, and identifying patterns in collections of letters and symbols.In general, Salthouse and his colleagues found, certain aspects of cognition (认知能力)generally started to decline in the late 20s to 30s.The findings shed light on normal age-related changes in mental function, which could aid in understanding the process of dementia(痴呆),according to the researchers."By following individuals over time," Salthouse said, "we gain insight in cognition changes, and may possibly discover ways to slow the rate of decline."The researchers are currently analyzing, the study participants' health and lifestyle to see which factors might influence age-related cognitive changes.47.【题干】What is the common view of mental function?【选项】A.It varies from person to person.C.It gradually expands with age.B.It weakens in one's later years.D.It indicates one's health condition.【答案】B【解析】Declining mental function is often seen as a problem of old age，but certain aspects of brain function actually begin their decline in young adulthood, a new study suggests.48.【题干】What does the new study find about mental functions?【选项】A.Some diseases inevitably lead to their decline.B.They reach a peak at the age of 20 for most people.C.They are closely related to physical' and mental exercise.D.Some of them begin to decline when people are still young.【答案】D【解析】but certain aspects of brain function actually begin their decline in young adulthood, a new study suggests.49.【题干】What does Timothy Salthouse say about people's minds in most cases?【选项】A.They tend to decline in people's later years.B.Their flexibility determines one's abilities.C.They function quite well even in old age.D.Their functioning is still a puzzle to be solved.【答案】C【解析】Most people's minds function at a high level even in their later years, according to researcher Timothy Salthouse.50.【题干】Although people's minds may function less flexibly as they age, they_____.【选项】A.may be better at solving puzzlesB.can memorize things with more easeC.may have greater facility in abstract reasoningD.can put what they have learnt into more effective use【答案】D【解析】"These patterns suggest that some types of mental flexibility decrease relatively early in adulthood, but that the amount of knowledge one has, and the effectiveness of integrating it with one's abilities，may increase throughout all of adulthood if there are no dispases," Salthouse said ina news release.51.【题干】According to Salthouse, their study may help us_____.【选项】A.find ways to slow down our mental decline6.find ways to boost our memoriesC.understand the complex process of mental functioningD.understand the relation between physical and mental health【答案】A【解析】Salthouse said, "we gain insight in cognition changes, and may possibly discover ways to slow the rate of decline."Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.The most important thing in the news last week was the rising discussion in Nashville about the educational needs of children. The shorthand(简写)educators use for this is "pre-K"—meaning instruction before kindergarten—and the big idea is to prepare 4-year-olds and even younger kids to be ready to succeed on their K-12 journey.But it gets complicated. The concept has multiple forms, and scholars and policymakers argue about the shape, scope and cost of the ideal program.The federal Head Start program, launched 50 years ago, has served more than 30 million children. It was based on concepts developed at Vanderbilt University's Peabody College by Susan Gray, the legendary pioneer in early childhood education research.A new Peabody study of the Tennessee Voluntary Pre-K program reports that pre-K works, but the gains are not sustained through the third grade. It seems to me this highlights quality issues in elementary schools more thanpre-K, and indicates longer-term success must connect pre-K with all the other issues, related to educating a child.Pre-K is controversial. Some critics say it is a luxury and shouldn't be free to families able to pay. Pre-K advocates insist it is proven and will succeed if integrated with the rest of the child's schooling. I lean toward the latter view.This is, in any case, the right conversation to be having now as Mayor Megan Barry takes office. She was the first candidate to speak out for strong pre-K programming. The important thing is for all of us to keep in mind the real goal and the longer, bigger picture.The weight of the evidence is on the side of pre-K that early intervention (干预)works. What government has not yet found is the political will to put that understanding into full practice with a sequence of smart schooling that provides the early foundation.For this purpose, our schools need both the talent and the organization to educate each child who arrives at the schoolhouse door. Some show up ready, but many do not at this critical time when young brains are developing rapidly.52.【题干】What does the author say about pre-kindergarten education?【选项】A.It should cater to the needs of individual children.B.It is essential to a person's future academic success.C.Scholars and policymakers have different opinions about it.D.Parents regard it as the first phase of children's development.【答案】C【解析】第一段：But it gets complicated. The concept has multiple forms, and scholars and policymakers argue about the shape, scope and cost of the ideal program.53.【题干】What does the new Peabody study find?【选项】A.Pre-K achievements usually do not last long.B.The third grade marks a new phase of learning.C.The third grade is critical to children's development.D.Quality has not been the top concern of pre-K programs.【答案】A【解析】A new Peabody study of the Tennessee Voluntary Pre-K program reports that pre-K works, but the gains are not sustained through the third grade.54.【题干】When does the author think pre-K works the best?A.When it is accessible to kids of all families.B.When it is made part of kids' education.C.When it is no longer considered a luxury.D.When it is made fun and enjoyable to kids.【答案】B【解析】It seems to me this highlights quality issues in elementary schools more than pre-K, and indicates longer-term success must connect pre-K with all the other issues, related to educating a child.56.【题干】What do we learn about Mayor Megan Barry?【选项】A.She knows the real goal of education.B.She is a mayor of insight and vision.C.She has once run a pre-K program.D.She is a firm supporter of pre-K.【答案】D【解析】She was the first candidate to speak out for strong pre-K programming.56【题干】What does the author think is critical to kids' education?【选项】A.Teaching method.B.Kids' interest.C.Early intervention.D.Parents' involvement.【答案】C【解析】The weight of the evidence is on the side of pre-K that early intervention (干预)works. What government has not yet found is the political will to put that understanding into full practice with a sequence of smart schooling that provides the early foundation.。

2016英语四级仔细阅读练习及答案解析（3）

Section C Directions：There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage isfollowed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each ofthem there are four choices marked A.，B.，C.andD..You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 56 to 60 are based on thefollowingpassage. They say that sticks and stones may break your bones，but words will never hurt you.Yet childhood bullying really can damage your long-term health. Gone are the days when bullying was considered an inevitable and ultimately harmless part of growing up—iust last month we learned that childhood bullying can lead to poorer mental health even into middle age. Now William Copeland at Duke University in Durham，North Carolina，and his colleagues have shown that it can have lingering physiological effects too.They tracked 1420 9-year-olds right through their teens.Each child was seen up to nine times during the study and quizzed about bullying.The team then measured levels of C-reactive protein in their blood.CRP is a marker of inflammation(炎症)linked to higher risk of cardiovascular disease (⼼⾎管疾病)and problems like diabetes. “Because we were collecting biological samples throughout，we were able to look at CRP levels in subjects prior to their bullying involvement.”says Copeland.“This really gives us an idea of the changes bullying brings about.” Although CRP levels naturally rise in everyone during adolescence，levels were highest in children who reported being tormented by bullies.Even at the ages of 1 9 and 2 1，children who had once been bullied had CRP levels about 1.4 times higher than peers who were neither perpetrators nor victims.In a cruel twist，the bullies had the lowest levels ofall.suggesting they didn’t suffer the same health risks. They may even see a benefit from their behavior,though Copeland stresses it doesn’t vindicate(辩护)their actions.“The goal would instead be to find other ways to produce this protective effect without it being at someone else’s expense，”he says. Andrea Danese at King’s College London has previously shown that maltreatment during childhood can lead to higll levels of inflammation in adult life.“This new study is a helpful addition in showing that these effects extend to another important childhood stressor,”he says.He suggests that care workers could monitor levels of CRP in children having psychotherapy to see if it is helping to soothe the stress of being bullied. 56.What do you know about CRP? A.It is a symbol of the inflammation. B.It is a symbol of cardiovascular. C. It relates directly to diabetes. D.It is a symbol of physiological effects caused by bullying. 57.What does Copeland mean by saying“prior to their bullying involvement”(Line 2，Para.4)? A.Before the children bullied others. B.Before the children were bullied. C.In preference to the children’s bullying behavior. D.In preference to the children’s being bullied. 58.What can be learned from paragraph 5? A. The levels of CRP of the children being bullied are much higher than their peers. B. CRP levels naturally rise along with the increase of age. C.The bullies are not blamed for the health risks of the bullied. D. Copeland intends to defend the benefit of the bullies’actions. 59.What does Andrea Danese suggest about childhood maltreatment? A. It has nothing to do with inflammation in adult life. B.Copeland’s study shows nothing related to it. C.CRP is the marker of childhood abuse. D. It has an influence on Children’s CRP levels. 60.What is the main idea of this passage? A.Bullying is harmless to children’s growth. B.CRP levels reflect the risks of poorer health. C.Bullying does harm to a person all through his life. D.Children once bullied have higher CRP levels than peers who are not. 56.What do you know about CRP?关于CRP你知道些什么? A.It is a symbol ofthe inflammation.它是炎症的标志物。

月英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案解析

2016年6月英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案解析Section CPassage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Declining mental function is often seen as a problem of old age，but certain aspects of brain function actually begin their decline in young adulthood, a new study suggests.The study, which followed more than 2,000 healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 60, found that certain mental functions—including measures of abstract reasoning, mental speed and puzzle-solving—started to dull as early as age 27.Dips in memory, meanwhile, generally became apparent around age 37.On the other hand, indicators of a person's accumulated knowledge—like performance on tests of vocabulary and general knowledge—kept improving with age, according to findings published in the journal Neurobiology of Aging.The results do not mean that young adults need to start worrying about their memories. Most people's minds function at a high level even in their later years, according to researcher Timothy Salthouse."These patterns suggest that some types of mental flexibility decrease relatively early in adulthood, but that the amount of knowledge one has, and the effectiveness of integrating it with one's abilities，may increase throughout all of adulthood if there are no dispases," Salthouse said in a news release.The study included healthy, educated adults who took standard tests of memory, reasoning and perception at the outset and at some point over the next seven years.The tests are designed to detect subtle (细微的)changes in mental function, and involve solving Puzzles, recalling words and details from stories, and identifying patterns in collections of letters and symbols.In general, Salthouse and his colleagues found, certain aspects of cognition (认知能力)generally started to decline in the late 20s to 30s.The findings shed light on normal age-related changes in mental function, which could aid in understanding the process of dementia(痴呆),according to the researchers."By following individuals over time," Salthouse said, "we gain insight in cognition changes, and may possibly discover ways to slow the rate of decline."The researchers are currently analyzing, the study participants' health and lifestyle to see which factors might influence age-related cognitive changes.47.【题干】What is the common view of mental function【选项】A.It varies from person to person.C.It gradually expands with age.B.It weakens in one's later years.D.It indicates one's health condition.【答案】B【解析】Declining mental function is often seen as a problem of old age，but certain aspects of brain function actually begin their decline in young adulthood, a new study suggests.48.【题干】What does the new study find about mental functions【选项】A.Some diseases inevitably lead to their decline.B.They reach a peak at the age of 20 for most people.C.They are closely related to physical' and mental exercise.D.Some of them begin to decline when people are still young.【答案】D【解析】but certain aspects of brain function actually begin their decline in young adulthood, a new study suggests.49.【题干】What does Timothy Salthouse say about people's minds in most cases【选项】A.They tend to decline in people's later years.B.Their flexibility determines one's abilities.C.They function quite well even in old age.D.Their functioning is still a puzzle to be solved.【答案】C【解析】Most people's minds function at a high level even in their later years, according to researcher Timothy Salthouse.50.【题干】Although people's minds may function less flexibly as they age, they_____.【选项】A.may be better at solving puzzlesB.can memorize things with more easeC.may have greater facility in abstract reasoningD.can put what they have learnt into more effective use【答案】D【解析】"These patterns suggest that some types of mental flexibility decrease relatively early in adulthood, but that the amount of knowledge one has, and the effectiveness of integrating it with one's abilities，may increase throughout all of adulthood if there are no dispases," Salthouse said ina news release.51.【题干】According to Salthouse, their study may help us_____.【选项】A.find ways to slow down our mental decline6.find ways to boost our memoriesC.understand the complex process of mental functioningD.understand the relation between physical and mental health【答案】A【解析】Salthouse said, "we gain insight in cognition changes, and may possibly discover ways to slow the rate of decline."Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.The most important thing in the news last week was the rising discussion in Nashville about the educational needs of children. The shorthand(简写)educators use for this is "pre-K"—meaning instruction before kindergarten—and the big idea is to prepare 4-year-olds and even younger kids to be ready to succeed on their K-12 journey.But it gets complicated. The concept has multiple forms, and scholars and policymakers argue about the shape, scope and cost of the ideal program.The federal Head Start program, launched 50 years ago, has served more than 30 million children. It was based on concepts developed at Vanderbilt University's Peabody College by Susan Gray, the legendary pioneer in early childhood education research.A new Peabody study of the Tennessee Voluntary Pre-K program reports that pre-K works, but the gains are not sustained through the third grade. It seems to me this highlights quality issues in elementary schools more than pre-K,and indicates longer-term success must connect pre-K with all the other issues, related to educating a child.Pre-K is controversial. Some critics say it is a luxury and shouldn't be free to families able to pay. Pre-K advocates insist it is proven and will succeed if integrated with the rest of the child's schooling. I lean toward the latter view.This is, in any case, the right conversation to be having now as Mayor Megan Barry takes office. She was the first candidate to speak out for strong pre-K programming. The important thing is for all of us to keep in mind the real goal and the longer, bigger picture.The weight of the evidence is on the side of pre-K that early intervention (干预)works. What government has not yet found is the political will to put that understanding into full practice with a sequence of smart schooling that provides the early foundation.For this purpose, our schools need both the talent and the organization to educate each child who arrives at the schoolhouse door. Some show up ready, but many do not at this critical time when young brains are developing rapidly.52.【题干】What does the author say about pre-kindergarten education【选项】A.It should cater to the needs of individual children.B.It is essential to a person's future academic success.C.Scholars and policymakers have different opinions about it.D.Parents regard it as the first phase of children's development.【答案】C【解析】第一段：But it gets complicated. The concept has multiple forms, and scholars and policymakers argue about the shape, scope and cost of the ideal program.53.【题干】What does the new Peabody study find【选项】A.Pre-K achievements usually do not last long.B.The third grade marks a new phase of learning.C.The third grade is critical to children's development.D.Quality has not been the top concern of pre-K programs.【答案】A【解析】A new Peabody study of the Tennessee Voluntary Pre-K program reports that pre-K works, but the gains are not sustained through the third grade.54.【题干】When does the author think pre-K works the bestA.When it is accessible to kids of all families.B.When it is made part of kids' education.C.When it is no longer considered a luxury.D.When it is made fun and enjoyable to kids.【答案】B【解析】It seems to me this highlights quality issues in elementary schools more than pre-K, and indicates longer-term success must connect pre-K with all the other issues, related to educating a child.56.【题干】What do we learn about Mayor Megan Barry【选项】A.She knows the real goal of education.B.She is a mayor of insight and vision.C.She has once run a pre-K program.D.She is a firm supporter of pre-K.【答案】D【解析】She was the first candidate to speak out for strong pre-K programming.56【题干】What does the author think is critical to kids' education【选项】A.Teaching method.B.Kids' interest.C.Early intervention.D.Parents' involvement.【答案】C【解析】The weight of the evidence is on the side of pre-K that early intervention (干预)works. What government has not yet found is the political will to put that understanding into full practice with a sequence of smart schooling that provides the early foundation.。

2016年6月英语四级考试答案汇总(卷三)

完整版2016年6月英语四级考试答案汇总（卷三）参考范文Dear my father and mother,This letter is my inner feelings. I want to thank both of you for so many years’ care and help.During my growth, you have made a lot of efforts and love for me. When I make a success, both of you are more excited than me, and support me to do better. Even though I have failed, you always share sorrow with me and encourage me not to give up. Especially, during my preparation for CET-4, the support from you is always everywhere. I have passed the exam successfully.You love is so unselfish that I am deeply affected, so I will study hard to be a useful person and won’t make you disappointed. Anyway, I would like to express the deep gratitude to you.With best wishes.Sincerely yours,Li Ming 【听力答案暂无】词汇理解26、【答案】G .growing27、【答案】A .dependent28、【答案】C.fast29、【答案】F.give30、【答案】unch31、【答案】N.successful32、【答案】I.policy33、【答案】B.designed34、【答案】O.treatments35、【答案】E.gained长篇阅读36.【题干】The more recent steep climb in grain prices partly results from the fact that more and more people want to consume meat products.【答案】F37.【题干】Social order is breaking down in many countries because of food shortages.【答案】A38.【题干】Rather than superpower conflict, countries unable to cope with food shortages now constitute the main threat to world security.【答案】C39.【题干】Some parts of the world have seen successful implementation(实施) of family planning.【答案】L40.【题干】The author has come to agree that food shortages could ultimately lead to the collapse of world civilization.【答案】B41.【题干】Increasing water shortages prove to be the biggest obstante to boosting the world's grain production.【答案】H42.【题干】The cost for saving our civilization would be considerably less than the world's current military spending.【答案】M43.【题干】To lower domestic food prices, some countries limited or stopped their grain exports.【答案】J44.【题干】Environmental problems must be solved to case the current global food shortage.【答案】D45.【题干】A quarter of this year's American grain harvest will be used to produce bio-fuel for cars.【答案】G仔细阅读46. 正确选项C.It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.47. 正确选项D.They are ill-bred.48. 正确选项C. By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.49. 正确选项D.Do sufficient testing before taking action.50. 正确选项A. Determine what is moral and ethical.51、【答案】A They had to work from early morning till late at night.52、【答案】B It brought family members closers to each other.53、【答案】D.Pace of life.54、【答案】B.It is varied, abundant and nutritious.55、【答案】A.They enjoyed cooking as well as eating.翻译：乌镇是浙江的一座古老水镇，坐落在京杭大运河畔。

2016四级考试仔细阅读练习题（3）

Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. Brazil has become one of the developing world’s great successes at reducing population growth-but more by accident than design. While countries such as India have made joint efforts to reduce birth rates, Brazil has had better result without really trying, says George Martine at Harvard. Brazil’s population growth rate has dropped from 2.99% a year between 1951 and 1960 to 1.93% a year between 1981 and 1990, and Brazilian women now have only 2.7 children on average. Martine says this figure may have fallen still further since 1990, an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries. Martine puts it down to, among other things, soap operas (通俗电视连续剧) and installment (分期付款) plans introduced in the 1970s. Both played an important, although indirect, role in lowering the birth rate. Brazil is one of the world’s biggest producers of soap operas. Globo, Brazil’s most popular television network, shows three hours of soaps six nights a week, while three others show at least one hour a night. Most soaps are based on wealthy characters living the high life in big cities. “Although they have never really tried to work in a message towards the problems of reproduction, they describe middle and upper class values-not many children, different attitudes towards sex, women working,” says Martine. “They sent this image to all parts of Brazil and made people conscious of other patterns of behavior and other values, which were put into a very attractive package.” Meanwhile, the installment plans tried to encourage the poor to become consumers. “This led to an enormous change in consumption patterns and consumption was incompatible (不相容的) with unlimited reproduction,” says Martine. 31. According to the passage, Brazil has cut back its population growth ________. A) by educating its citizens B) by careful family planning C) by developing TV programmes D) by chance 32. According to the passage, many Third World countries ________. A) haven’t attached much importance to birth control B) would soon join Brazil in controlling their birth rate C) haven’t yet found an effective measure to control their population D) neglected the role of TV plays in family planning 33. The phrase “puts it down to” (Line 1, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to “________”. A) attributes it to B) finds it a reason for C) sums it up as D) compares it to 34. Soap operas have helped in lowering Brazil’s birth rate because ________. A) they keep people sitting long hours watching TV B) they have gradually changed people’s way of life C) people are drawn to their attractive package D) they popularize birth control measures 35. What is Martine’s conclusion about Brazil’s population growth? A) The increase in birth rate will promote consumption. B) The desire for consumption helps to reduce birth rate. C) Consumption patterns and reproduction patterns are contradictory. D) A country’s production is limited by its population growth.。

6月英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案第三套

6月英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案第三套2016年6月英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案（第三套）转眼2016下半年英语四级考试即将来临，不少同学也正在准备2016下半年英语四级考试，下面yjbys网店铺将英语四级考试的'历年真题都进行汇总。

以下是2016年6月英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案(第三套)，提前助大家顺利备考、复习。

Passage OneAttitudes toward new technologies often along generational lines. That is, generally, younger people tend to outnumber older people on the front end of a technological shift.It is not always the case, though. When you look at attitudes toward driverless cars, there doesn't seem to be a clear generational divide. The public overall is split on whether they'd like to use a driverless car. In a study last year, of all people surveyed, 48 percent said they wanted to ride in one, while 50 percent did not.The face that attitudes toward self-driving cars appear to be so steady across generations suggests how transformative the shift to driverless cars could be. Not everyone wants a driverless car now-and no one can get one yet-but among those who are open to them, every age group is similarly engaged.Actually, this isn't surprising. Whereas older generations are sometime reluctant to adopt new technologies, driverless cars promise real value to these age groups in particular. Older adults, especially those with limited mobility or difficulty driving on their own, are one of the classic useeases for driverless cars.This is especially interesting when you consider that younger people are generally more interested in travel-related technologies than older ones.When it comes to driverless cars, differences in attitude are more pronounced based on factors not related to age. College graduates, for example, are particularly interested in driverless cars compared with those who have less education, 59 percent of college graduates said they would like to use a driverless car compared with 38 percent of those with a high-school diploma or less.Where a person lives matters, too. More people who lives in cities and suburbs said they wanted to try driverless cars than those who lived in rural areas.While there's reason to believe that interest in self-driving cars is going up across the board, a person's age will have little to do with how self-driving cars can be becoming mainstream. Once driverless cares are actually available for safe, the early adopters will be the people who can afford to buy them.46.What happens when a new technology emerges?A.It further widens the gap between the old and the young.B.It often leads to innovations in other related fields.C.It contribute greatly to the advance of society as a whole.D.It usually draws different reactions from different age groups.47.What does the author say about the driverless car?A.It does not seem to create a generational divide.B.It will not necessarily reduce road accidents.C.It may start a revolution in the car industry.D.It has given rise to unrealistic expectations.48.Why does the driverless car appeal to some old people?A.It saves their energy.B.It helps with their mobility.C.It adds to the safety of their travel.D.It stirs up their interest in life.49.What is likely to affect one's attitude toward the driverless car?A.The location of their residence.B.The amount of their special interestC.The amount of training they received.D.The length of their driving experience.50.Who are likely to be the first to buy the driverless car?A.The senior.B.The educated.C.The weaIthy.D.The tech fans.Passage TwoIn agrarian(农业的),pre-industrial Europe, "you'd want to wake up early, start working with the sunrise, have a break to have the largest meal, and then you'd go back to work," says Ken Albala, a professor of history at the University of the Pacific, "Later, at 5 or 6, you'd have a smaller supper."This comfortable cycle, in which the rhythms of the day helped shape the rhythms of the meals, gave rise to the custom of the large midday meal, eaten with the extended family, "Meal are the foundation of the family,' says Carole Couniban. a professor at Millersville University inPeensylvania, "so there was a very important interconnection between eating together" and strength-eating family ties.Since industrialization, maintaining such a slow cultural metabolism has been much harder. With the long midday meal shrinking to whatever could be stuffed into a lunch bucket or bought at a food stand. Certainly, there were benefits. Modern techniques for producing and shipping food led to greatervariety and quantity, including a tremendous, increase in the amount of animal protein and dairy products available, making us more vigorous than our ancestors.Yet plenty has been lost too, even in cultures that still live to eat. Take Italy. It's no secret that the Mediterranean diet is healthy, but it was also a joy to prepare and cat. Italians, says Counihan, traditionally began the day with a small meal. The big meal came at around 1 p.m. In between the midday meal and a late, smaller dinner came a small snack. Today, when time zones have less and less meaning, there is little tolerance for offices' closing for lunch, and worsening traffic in cities means workers can't make it home and back fast enough anyway. So the formerly small supper after sundown becomes the big meal of the day. the only one at which the family has a chance to get together. "The evening meal carries the full burden that used to be spread over two meals" says Counihan.51.What do we learn from the passage about people in pre-industrial Europe?A.They had to work from early morning till late at night.B.They were so busy working that they only ate simple meals.C.Their daily routine followed the rhythm of the natural cycle.D.Their life was much more comfortable than that of today.52.What does Professor Carole Counihan say about. pre-industrial European families eating meals together?A.It was helpful to maintaining a nation's tradition.B.It brought family members closers to each other.C.It was characteristic of the agrarian culture.D.It enabled families to save a lot of money.53.What does "cultural metabolism"(Line 1 ,Para. 3) refer to?A.Evolutionary adaptation.B.Changes in lifestyle.C.Social progress.D.Pace of life.54.What does the author think of the food people eat today?A.Its quality is usually guaranteed.B.It is varied, abundant and nutritious.C.It is more costly than what our ancestors ate.D.Its production depends too much on technology.55.What does the author say about Italians of the old days.A.They enjoyed cooking as well as eating.B.They ate a big dinner late in the evening.C.They ate three meals regularly every day.D.They were expert at cooking meals.参考答案Passage One46. 正确选项 D。

2016 年 6 月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案完整版

2016 年6 月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案完整版Part III Reading Comprehension （40 minutes）Section ADirections：In this section，there is a passage with ten blanks。

You are required to selectone word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage。

Read the passage through carefully before making your choices。

Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter。

Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre。

You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once。

Questions 26 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard。

Physical activity does the body good，and there’s growing evidence that it helps the brain too。

Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise，whether at school or on their own，26 to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests。

2016大学英语四级阅读理解专项练习题（3）

We use both words and gestures to express our feelings, but the problem is that these words and gestures can be understood in different ways. It is true that a smile means the same thing in any language. So does laughter or crying. There are also a number of striking similarities in the way different animals show the same feelings. Dogs, tigers and humans, for example, often show their teeth when they are angry. This is probably because they are born with those behavior patterns. Fear is another emotion that is shown in much the same way all over the world. In Chinese and in English literature, a phrase like “he went pale and begin to tremble” suggests that the man is either very afraid or he has just got a very big shock. However, “he opened his eyes wide” is used to suggest anger in Chinese whereas in English it means surprise. In Chinese surprise can be described in a phrase like “they stretched out their tongues”! Sticking out your tongue in English is an insulting gesture or expresses strong dislike. Even in the same culture, people differ in ability to understand and express feelings. Experiments in America have shown that women are usually better than men at recognizing fear, anger, love and happiness on people’s faces. Other studies show that older people usually find it easier to recognize or understand body language than younger people do. 6. According to the passage, ___. A. we can hardly understand what people’s gestures mean B. we can not often be sure what people mean when they describe their feelings in words or gestures C. words can be better understand by older people D. gestures can be understand by most of the people while words can not 7. People’s facial expressions may be misunderstood because ___. A. people of different ages may have different understanding B. people have different cultures C. people of different sex may understand a gesture in a different way D. people of different countries speak different languages 8. In the same culture, ___. A. people have different ability to understand and express feelings B. people may have the same understanding of something C. people never fail to understand each other D. people are equally intelligent 9. From this passage, we can conclude ___. A. words are used as frequently as gestures B. words are often found difficult to understand C. words and gestures are both used in expressing feelings D. gestures are more efficiently used than words 10. The best title for this passage may be ___. A. Words and Feelings B. Words, Gestures and Feelings C. Gestures and Feelings D. Culture and Understanding。

6月大学英语四级《仔细阅读》练习题

6月大学英语四级《仔细阅读》练习题2016年6月大学英语四级《仔细阅读》练习题英语四级阅读在考试中占比较重，也是考生复习时最喜欢练习的题目，新一轮四六级复习大幕拉开了，考试吧英语四六级考试网整理了“大学英语四级《仔细阅读》练习题”，赶快练一练吧!Happiness can be described as a positive mood and a pleasant state of mind. According to recent polls (民意测验) sixty to seventy percent of Americans consider themselves to be moderately happy and one in twenty persons feels very unhappy. Psychologists have been studying the factors that contribute to happiness. It is not predictable nor is a person in an apparently ideal situation necessarily happy. The ideal situation may have little to do with his actual feelings.A good education and income are usually considered necessary for happiness. Though both may contribute, they are only chief factors if the person is seriously undereducated or actually suffering from lack of physical needs.The rich are not likely to be happier than the middle-income group or even those with very low incomes. People with college educations are somewhat happier than those who did not graduate from high school, and it is believed that this is mainly because they have more opportunity to control their lives. Yet people with a high income and a college education may be less happy than those with the same income and no college education.Poor health does not rule out happiness except for the severely disabled or those in pain. Learning to cope with a health problem can contribute to happiness. Those with a good sex life are happier in general, but those who have a loving, affectionaterelationship are happier than those who rely on sex alone. Love has a higher correlation with happiness than any other factor.It should be noted that people quickly get used to what they have, and they are happiest when they feel they are increasing their level no matter where it stands at a given time.Children whose parents were happily married have happier childhoods are not necessarily happier adults.The best formula for happiness is to be able to develop the ability to tolerate frustration, to have a personal involvement and commitment, and to develop self-confidence and self-esteem.21. It can be inferred from the passage that______.A. happiness is predictableB. a person in an apparently ideal situation must be happyC. the rich are likely to be happier than the middle-income groupD. happiness is not necessarily connected to one's situation in society22. People with college education______.A. are not happier than those who have only an education at high schoolB. are much happier than those who did not graduate from high schoolC. have less opportunity to control their livesD. have more opportunity to control their lives23. According to the article, happiness is greatly dependent upon______.A. a happy childhoodB. great wealthC. a feeling that conditions are becoming for the betterD. a college degree24. Which of the following is most likely to contribute to happiness? A. Being exceptionally good-looking.B. Having a loving, affectionate relationship.C. Having a good paying job.D. Meeting lots of people.25. Which of the following attitudes or feelings is most likely to be found in happy people?A. Having self-esteem.B. Being sure of keeping everything they already have.C. Never being jealous.D. Knowing how to be charming.答案：21. D 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. A。

2016年6月大学英语四级真题和详细答案完整版(第三套)

2016年6月大学英语四级真题（第3套）PartIII Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Physical activity does the body good, and there‟s growing evidence that it helps the brain too. Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise, whether at school or on their own, 26to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests. In a 27of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic28, investigators found that the more children moved, the better their grades were in school, 29in the basic subjects of math, English and reading.The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools struggle to 30on smaller budgets. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time. With standardized test scores in the U.S. 31in recent years, some administrators believe students need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these findings show, exercise and academics may not be 32exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood 33to the brain, fueling memory, attention and creativity, which are 34to learning. And exercise releases hormones that can improve 35and relieve stress, which can also help learning. So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies whe n they‟re running around, they may actually be exercising their brains as well.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph ismarked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Finding the Right Home—and Contentment, Too[A] When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long-term care facility—a moment fewparents or children approach without fear—what you would like is to have everything made clear.[B] Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home, or has the industrysimply hired better interior designers? Are nursing homes as bad as people fear, or is that anout-moded stereotype（固定看法)? Can doing one‟s homework really steer families to the best places? It is genuinely hard to know.[C] I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an olderperson lives in may matter less than we have assumed. And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the quality of care, let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record. But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do.[D] The most recent of these studies, published in The journal of Applied Gerontology, surveyed150 Connecticut residents of assisted living, nursing homes and smaller residential care homes（known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes). Researchers from the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a large number of questions about their quality of life, emotional well-being and social interaction, as well as about the quality of the facilities.[E] “We thought we would see differences based on the housing types,” said the lead author of thestudy, Julie Robison, an associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonable assumption—don‟t families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can‟t?[F] In the initial results, assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They wereless likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities, for instance, and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction.[G] But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables, such differences disappeared.It is not the housing type, they found, that creates differences in residents‟ responses. “It is the characteristics of the specific environment they are in, combined with their own personal characteristics—how healthy they feel they are, their age and marital status,” Dr. Robison explained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant.[H] An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health, therefore, might be no lessdepressed in assisted living（even if her children preferred it) than in a nursing home. A person who had input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home, other factors being equal. It is an interaction between the person and the place, not the sort of place in itself, that leads to better or worse experien ces. “You can‟t just say, …Let‟s put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home—she will be much better off,‟” Dr. Robison said. What matters, she added, “is a combination of what people bring in with them, and what they find there.”[I] Such findings, which run counter to common sense, have surfaced before. In a multi-state studyof assisted living, for instance, University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables—the facility‟s type, size or age；whether a chain owned it；how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness, mental decline, hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was the residents‟ physical health and mental status. What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened once they were there.[J] As I was considering all this, a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk,announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are. As a matter of fact, consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities, the lowest rated, than with the five-star ones.（More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post.)[K] Before we collectively tear our hair out—how are we supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing?—here is a thought from Dr. Philip Sloane, a geriatrician（老年病学专家)at the University of North Carolina:“In a way, that could be liberating for families.”[L] Of course, sons and daughters want to visit the facilities, talk to the administrators and residents and other families, and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they don‟t have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees.“Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy,” Dr. Sloane said.And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.[M] We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happiness. They have their ideas, too. A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living/nursing home near my town. I have seen this place—it is elegant, inside and out. But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived, though the visit had been planned；nobody introduced them to the other residents. When they had lunch in the dining room, they sat alone at a table.[N] The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there, and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging from some of this research, that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.36.Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing home for theirparents.37.Though it helps for children to investigate care facilities, involving their parents in thedecision-making process may prove very important.38.It is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home.39.How a resident feels depends on an interaction between themselves and the care facility theylive in.40.The author thinks her friend made a rational decision in choosing a more hospitable place overan apparently elegant assisted living home.41.The system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding asatisfactory place.42.At first the researchers of the most recent study found residents in assisted living facilities gavehigher scores on social interaction.43.What kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think.44.The findings of the latest research were similar to an earlier multi-state study of assisted living.45.A resident‟s satisfaction with a care facility has much to do with whether they had participatedin the decision to move in and how long they had stayed there.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.As Artificial Intelligence(AI) becomes increasingly sophisticated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be avoided, according to computer science professor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.Russell argues that as robots take on mor e complicated tasks, it‟s necessary to translate our morals into AI language.For example, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn‟t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. “You would want that robot prelo aded with a good set of values,” said Russell.Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn‟t think that‟s the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do.It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.Robots could also learn values fromdrawing patterns from large sets ofdata on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are careless.The biggest concern with robots going against human values isthat human beings fail to do sufficient testing and they‟ve produced a system that will break some kind of taboo（禁忌).One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation.If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps（嘟嘟声), and ask for directions from a human. If we humans aren‟t quite sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else.The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral, and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer, robots could be good for humanity.46.What does the author say about the threat of robots?A)It may constitute a challenge to computer programmers.B)It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.C)It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.D)It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated.47.What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author?A)They are aggressive.B)They are outgoing.C)They are ignorant.D)They are ill-bred.48.How do robots learn human values?A)By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.B)By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.C)By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.D)By imitating the behavior of property brought-up human beings.49.What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation?A)Keep a distance from possible dangers.B)Stop to seek advice from a human being.C)Trigger its built-in alarm system at once.D)Do sufficient testing before taking action.50.What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code?A)Determine what is moral and ethical.B)Design some large-scale experiments.C)Set rules for man-machine interaction.D)Develop a more sophisticated program.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity（长寿）?Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic （神经质的) than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately, another rec ent study shows that your mother‟s personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy d iets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we‟re adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.Personality isn‟t destiny（命运), and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn‟t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.51. The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is____.A)to see whether people‟s personality affects their life spanB)to find out if one‟s life style has any effect on their healthC)to investigate the role of exercise in living a long lifeD)to examine all the factors contributing to longevity52. What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people?A)They have a good understanding of evolution.B)They are better at negotiating an agreement.C)They generally appear more resourceful.D)They are more likely to get over hardship.53. What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation?A)Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life.B)Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times.C)Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.D)Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity.54. What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show?A)Children‟s personality characteristics are invariably determined by theirmothers.B)People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner.C)Mothers‟ influence on children may last longer than fathers‟.D)Mothers‟ negative personality characteristics may affect their children‟s life spans.55.What can we learn from the findings of the two new studies?A)Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short one‟s life span.B)Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health.C)Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is.D)Health is in large part related to one‟s lifestyle.Part IV TranslationDirections:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.乌镇是浙江的一座古老水镇，坐落在京杭大运河畔。

2016年6月大学英语四级考试仔细阅读真题

going against human values is that human beings fail to do
sufficient testing and they’ve produced a system that will break
some kind of taboo（禁忌）.
One simple check would be to program
a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when
presented with an unusual situation.
If the robot is unsure whether an
code.
Russell argues that as robots take
on more complicated tasks, it’s necessary to translate our morals
into AI language.
For example, if a robot does chores
computer progranmers.
B)It accompanies all machinery
involving high technology.
C)It can be avoided if human values
are translated into their language.
drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They
are dangerous only if programmers are

2016全国大学英语四级考试试卷阅读(三)

2016全国大学英语四级考试试卷阅读（三）Part III Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Physical activity does the body good, and there’s growing evidence that it helps the brain too. Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise, whether at school or on their own, 26 to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests. In a 27 of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic 28 , investigators found that the more children moved, the better their grades were in school, 29 in the basic subjects of math, English and reading.The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physicaleducation classes should be cut as schools struggle to 30on smaller budgets. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time. With standardized test scores in the U.S. 31in recent years, some administrators believe students need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these findings show, exercise and academics may not be 32 exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood 33 to the brain, fueling memory, attention and creativity, which are 34 to learning. And exercise releases hormones that can improve 35 and relieve stress, which can also help learning. So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they’re running around, they may actually be exercising their brains as well.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Finding the Right Home—and Contentment, Too[A] When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long-term care facility—a moment few parents or children approach without fear—what you would like is to have everything made clear.[B] Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home, or has the industry simply hired better interior designers? Are nursing homes as bad as people fear, or is that an out-moded stereotype （固定看法)? Can doing one’s homework really steer families to the best places? It is genuinely hard to know.[C] I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed. And that the characteristics adult children look for when theybegin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the quality of care, let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a p oor safety record. But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do. [D] The most recent of these studies, published in The journal of Applied Gerontology, surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of assisted living, nursing homes and smaller residential care homes（known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes). Researchers from the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a large number of questions about their quality of life, emotional well-being and social interaction, as well as about the quality of the facilities. [E] “We thought we would see differences based on the housing types,” said the lead author of the study, Julie Robison, an associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonable assumption—don’t families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can’t? [F] In the initial results, assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities, for instance, a nd less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction.[G] But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables, such differences disappeared. It is not the housing type, they found, that creates differences in residents’ responses. “It is the characteristics of the specific environment they are in, combined with their own personal characteristics—how healthy they feel they are, their age and marital status,” Dr. Robison explained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant.[H] An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health, therefore, might be no less depressed in assisted living（even if her children preferred it) than in a nursing home. A person who had input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home, other factors being equal. It is an interaction between the person and the place, not the sort of place in itself, that leads to better or worse experiences. “You can’t just say, ‘Let’s put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home—she will be much better off,’” Dr. Robison said. What matters, she added, “is a combination of what people bring in with them, and what they find there.”[I] Such findings, which run counter to common sense, have surfaced before. In a multi-state study o f assisted living, for instance, University ofNorth Carolina researchers found that a host of variables—the facility’s type, size or age；whether a chain owned it；how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness, mental decline, hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was the residents’ physical health and mental status. What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened once they were there.[J] As I was considering all this, a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk, announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are. As a matter of fact, consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities, the lowest rated, than with the five-star ones.（More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post.)[K] Before we collectively tear our hair out—how are we supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing?—here is a thought from Dr. Philip Sloane, a geriatrician（老年病学专家)at the University of North Carolina:“In a way, that could be liberating for families.”[L] Of course, sons and daughters want to visit the facilities, talk to the administrators and residents and other families, and do everythingpossible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they don’t have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees.“Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy,” Dr. Sloane said. And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.[M] We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happiness. They have their ideas, too. A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living/nursing home near my town. I have seen this place—it is elegant, inside and out. But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived, though the visit had been planned；nobody introduced them to the other residents. When they had lunch in the dining room, they sat alone at a table.[N] The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there, and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging from some of this research, that might have been as rationala way as any to reach a decision.36.Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing home for their parents.37.Though it helps for children to investigate care facilities, involving their parents in the decision-making process may prove very important.38.It is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home.39.How a resident feels depends on an interaction between themselves and the care facility they live in.40.The author thinks her friend made a rational decision in choosing a more hospitable place over an apparently elegant assisted living home.41.The system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding a satisfactory place.42.At first the researchers of the most recent study found residents in assisted living facilities gave h igher scores on social interaction.43.What kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think.44.The findings of the latest research were similar to an earlier multi-state study of assisted living.45.A resident’s satisfaction with a care facility has much to do with whether they had participated in the decision to move in and how long they had stayed there.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.As Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly sophisticated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be avoided, according to computer science professor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.Russell argues that as robots take on mor e complicated tasks, it’s necessary to translate our morals into AI language.For example, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn’t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. “You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values,” said Russell.Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn’t think that’s the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do.It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines, ifonly we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are careless.The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to d o sufficient testing and they’ve produced a system that will break some kind of taboo（禁忌).One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation.If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps（嘟嘟声), and ask for directions from a human. If we humans aren’t quite sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else.The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral, and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer, robots could be good for humanity.46.What does the author say about the threat of robots?A)It may constitute a challenge to computer progra m mers.B)It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.C)It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.D)It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated.47.What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author?A)They are aggressive. B)They are outgoing.C)They are ignorant. D)They are ill-bred.48.How do robots learn human values?A)By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.B)By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.C)By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.D)By imitating the behavior of property brought-up human beings.49.What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation?A)Keep a distance from possible dangers. B)Stop to seek advice from a human being.C)Trigger its built-in alarm system at once. D)Do sufficient testing before taking action.50.What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code?A)Determine what is moral and ethical. B)Design some large-scale experiments.C)Set rules for man-machine interaction. D)Develop a more sophisticated program.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity （长寿）?Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic （神经质的) than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother’s personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we’re adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.Personality isn’t destiny（命运), and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show t hat long life isn’t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.51. The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Societyis____.A)to see whether people’s personality affects their life spanB)to find out if one’s lifestyle has any effect on their healthC)to investigate the role of exercise in living a long lifeD)to examine all the factors contributing to longevity52. What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people?A)They have a good understanding of evolution.B)They are better at negotiating an agreement.C)They generally appear more resourceful.D)They are more likely to get over hardship.53. What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation?A)Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life.B)Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times.C)Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.D)Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity.54. What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show?A)Children’s personality characteristics are invariably determined by their mothers.B)People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner.C)Mothers’ influence on children may last longer than fathers’.D)Mothers’ negative personality characteristics may affect their children’s life spans.55.What can we learn from the findings of the two new studies?A)Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short one’s life span.B)Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health.C)Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is.D)Health is in large part related to one’s lifestyle.。

(完整word版)2016年6月大学英语四级第三套

2016年6月大学英语四级真题（第3套）Part III Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Physical activity does the body good, and there’s growing evidence that it helps the brain too. Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise, whether at school or on their own, 26 to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests. In a 27 of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic 28 , investigators found that the more children moved, the better their grades were in school, 29 in the basic subjects of math, English and reading.The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools struggle to 30on smaller budgets. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time. With standardized test scores in the U.S. 31in recent years, some administrators believe students need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these findings show, exercise and academics may not be 32 exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood 33 to the brain, fueling memory, attention and creativity, which are 34 to learning. And exercise releases hormones that can improve 35 and relieve stress, which can also help learning. So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they’re running around, they may actually be exercising their brains as well.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Finding the Right Home—and Contentment, Too[A] When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long-term care facility—a moment fewparents or children approach without fear—what you would like is to have everything made clear.[B] Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home, or has the industrysimply hired better interior designers? Are nursing homes as bad as people fear, or is that anout-moded stereotype（固定看法)? Can doing one’s homework really steer families to the best places? It is genuinely hard to know.[C] I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an olderperson lives in may matter less than we have assumed. And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the quality of care, let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record. But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do.[D] The most recent of these studies, published in The journal of Applied Gerontology, surveyed150 Connecticut residents of assisted living, nursing homes and smaller residential care homes（known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes). Researchers from the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a large number of questions about their quality of life, emotional well-being and social interaction, as well as about the quality of the facilities.[E] “We thought we would see differences based on the housing types,” said the lead author of thestudy, Julie Robison, an associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonable assumption—don’t families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can’t?[F] In the initial results, assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They wereless likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities, for instance, and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction.[G] But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables, such differences disappeared.It is not the housing type, they found, that creates differences in residents’ responses. “It is the characteristics of the specific environment they are in, combined with their own personal characteristics—how healthy they feel they are, their age and marital status,” Dr. Robison explained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant.[H] An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health, therefore, might be no lessdepressed in assisted living（even if her children preferred it) than in a nursing home. A person who had input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home, other factors being equal. It is an interaction between the person and the place, not the sort of place in itself, that leads to better or worse experiences. “You can’t just say, ‘Let’s put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home—she will be much better off,’” Dr. Robison said. What matters, she added, “is a combination of what people bring in with them, and what they find there.”[I] Such findings, which run counter to common sense, have surfaced before. In a multi-state studyof assisted living, for instance, University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables—the facility’s type, size or age（whether a chain owned it（how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness, mental decline, hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was the residents’ physical health and mental status. What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened once they were there.[J] As I was considering all this, a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk,announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are. As a matter of fact, consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities, the lowest rated, than with the five-star ones.（More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post.)[K] Before we collectively tear our hair out—how are we supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing?—here is a thought from Dr. Philip Sloane, a geriatrician（老年病学专家)at the University of North Carolina:“In a way, that could be liberating for families.”[L] Of course, sons and daughters want to visit the facilities, talk to the administrators and residents and other families, and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they don’t have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees.“Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy,” Dr. Sloane said.And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.[M] We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happiness. They have their ideas, too. A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living/nursing home near my town. I have seen this place—it is elegant, inside and out. But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived, though the visit had been planned（nobody introduced them to the other residents. When they had lunch in the dining room, they sat alone at a table.[N] The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there, and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging from some of this research, that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.36.Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing home for theirparents.37.Though it helps for children to investigate care facilities, involving their parents in thedecision-making process may prove very important.38.It is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home.39.How a resident feels depends on an interaction between themselves and the care facility theylive in.40.The author thinks her friend made a rational decision in choosing a more hospitable place overan apparently elegant assisted living home.41.The system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding asatisfactory place.42.At first the researchers of the most recent study found residents in assisted living facilities gavehigher scores on social interaction.43.What kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think.44.The findings of the latest research were similar to an earlier multi-state study of assisted living.45.A resident’s satisfaction with a care facility has much to do with whether they had participatedin the decision to move in and how long they had stayed there.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.As Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly sophisticated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be avoided, according to computer science professor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.Russell argues that as robots take on mor e complicated tasks, it’s necessary to translate our morals into AI language.For example, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn’t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. “You would want that robot prelo aded with a good set of values,” said Russell.Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn’t think that’s the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do.It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are careless.The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to do sufficient testing and they’ve produced a system that will break some kind of taboo（禁忌).One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation.If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps（嘟嘟声), and ask for directions from a human. If we humans aren’t quite sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else.The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral, and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer, robots could be good for humanity.46.What does the author say about the threat of robots?A)It may constitute a challenge to computer programmers.B)It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.C)It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.D)It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated.47.What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author?A)They are aggressive. B)They are outgoing.C)They are ignorant. D)They are ill-bred.48.How do robots learn human values?A)By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.B)By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.C)By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.D)By imitating the behavior of property brought-up human beings.49.What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation?A)Keep a distance from possible dangers. B)Stop to seek advice from a human being.C)Trigger its built-in alarm system at once. D)Do sufficient testing before taking action.50.What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code?A)Determine what is moral and ethical. B)Design some large-scale experiments.C)Set rules for man-machine interaction. D)Develop a more sophisticated program.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity（长寿）?Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic （神经质的) than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother’s personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we’re adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.Personality isn’t destiny（命运), and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn’t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.51. The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is____.A)to see whether people’s personality affects their life spanB)to find out if one’s lifestyle has any effect on their healthC)to investigate the role of exercise in living a long lifeD)to examine all the factors contributing to longevity52. What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people?A)They have a good understanding of evolution.B)They are better at negotiating an agreement.C)They generally appear more resourceful.D)They are more likely to get over hardship.53. What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation?A)Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life.B)Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times.C)Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.D)Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity.54. What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show?A)Children’s personality characteristics are invariably determined by their mothers.B)People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner.C)Mothers’ influence on children may last longer than fathers’.D)Mothers’ negative personality characteristics may affect their children’s life spans.55.What can we learn from the findings of the two new studies?A)Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short one’s life span.B)Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health.C)Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is.D)Health is in large part related to one’s lifestyle.Part IV TranslationDirections:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.乌镇是浙江的一座古老水镇，坐落在京杭大运河畔。

6月英语四级仔细阅读练习试题

6月英语四级仔细阅读练习试题2016年6月英语四级仔细阅读练习试题下文是一篇英语四六级阅读考试题，希望在大家复习四六级英语时能帮到大家!Passage One“Humans should not try to avoid stress any more than they would shun food, love or exercise.” Said Dr. Hans Selye, the first physician to document the effects of stress on the body. While here’s on question that continuous stress is harmful, several studies suggest that challenging situations in which you’re able to rise to the occasion can be good for you.In a 2001 study of 158 hospital nurses, those who faced considerable work demands but coped with the challenge were more likely to say they were in good health than those who felt they stress that you can manage also boost immune (免疫的') function. In a study at the Academic Center for Dentistry in Amsterdam, researchers put volunteers through two stressful experiences. In the first, a timed task that required memorizing a list followed by a short test, subjects through a gory (血淋淋的) video on surgical procedures. Those who did well on the memory test had an increase in levels of immunoglobulin A, an antibody that’s the body’s first line of defense against germs. The video-watchers experienced a downturn in the antibody.Stress prompts the body to produce certain stress hormones. In short bursts these hormones have a positive effect, including improved memory function. “They can help nerve cells handle information and put it into storage,” says Dr. Bruce McEwen of Rockefeller University in New York. But in the long run these hormones can have a harmful effect on the body and brain.“Sustained stress is not good for you,” says Richard Morimoto, a researcher at Northwestern University in Illinois studying the effects of stress on longevity, “It’s the occasionalb urst of stress or brief exposure to stress that could be protective.”1. The passage is mainly about ________.A) the benefits of manageable stressB) how to cope with stress effectivelyC) how to avoid stressfulD) the effect of stress harmonies on memory2. The word “shun” (Line 1, Para. 1) most probably means ________.A) cut down onB) stay away fromC) run out ofD) put up with3. We can conclude from the study of the 158 nurses in 2001 that ________.A) people under stress tend to have a poor memoryB) people who can’t get their job done experience more stressC) doing challenging work may be good for one’s healthD) stress will weaken the body’s defense against germs4. In the experiment described in Paragraph 3, the video-watchers experienced a downturn in the antibody because ________.A) the video was not enjoyable at allB) the outcome was beyond their controlC) they knew little about surgical proceduresD) they felt no pressure while watching the video5. Dr. Bruce McEwen of Rockefeller University believes that________.A) a person’s memory is determined by the level of hormones in his bodyB) stress hormones have lasting positive effects on the brainC) short bursts of stress hormones enhance memory functionD) a person’s memory improves with c ontinued experience of stressPassage TwoThere are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably , some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual— the sort of environment in which he is brought up. If an individual is handicapped(不利) environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster(抚养) homes. Peter was raised by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmentaldifference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Mark's I. Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level.6. This selection can best be titled____________.A. Measuring Your IntelligenceB. Intelligence and EnvironmentC. The Case of Peter and MarkD. How the Brain Influences Intelligence7. The best statement of the main idea of this passage is that _______.A. human brains differ considerablyB. the brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligenceC. environment is crucial in determining a person's intelligenceD. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence8. According to the passage, the average I. Q. is_______.A. 85B. 100C. 110D. 1259. The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that_______.A. individuals with identical brains seldom test at the same levelB. an individual's intelligence is determined only by his environmentC. lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligenceD. changes of environment produce changes in the structure of the brain10. This passage suggests that an individual's I. Q. _______.A. can be predicted at birthB. stays the same throughout his lifeC. can be increased by educationD. is determined by his childhood【2016年6月英语四级仔细阅读练习试题】。

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2016年6月大学英语四级《仔细阅读》练习题(3) Agriculture is the number one industry in the United States and agricultural products are the country's leading export.American farmers manage to feed not only the total population of the United States,but also millions of other people throughout the rest of the world.Corn and soybean exports alone account for approximately75percent of the amount sold in world markets.
This productivity,however,has its price.Intensive cultivation exposes the earth to the damaging forces of nature.Every year wind and water remove tons of rich soil from the nation's croplands.
Each field is covered by a limited amount of topsoil,the upper layer of earth which is richest in the nutrients and minerals necessary for growing crops.Ever since the first farmers arrived in the Midwest almost200years ago，cultivation and,consequently, erosion have been decreasing the supply of topsoil.In the1830s,nearly two feet of rich,black top soil covered the Midwest.Today the average depth is only eight inches, and every decade another inch is blown or washed away.This erosion is steadily decreasing the productivity of valuable cropland.A United States Agricultural Department survey states that if erosion continues at its present rate,corn and soybean yields in the Midwest may drop as much as30percent over the next50years.
So far,farmers have been able to compensate for the loss of fertile topsoil by applying more chemical fertilizers to their fields;however,while this practice has
increased crop yields,it has been devastating for ecology.Agriculture has become one of the biggest polluters of the nation's precious water supply.Rivers,lakes,and underground reserves of water are being filled in and poisoned by soil and chemicals carried by drainage from eroding fields.Furthermore,fertilizers only replenish the soils they do not prevent its loss.
26.The last sentence in the first paragraph gives an example to show_______.
A.that American farmers manage to feed the total population of the U.S.
B.the leading position of the U.S.farming in the world
C.how important American people consider their farming
D.that many people in the world rely on the export of the agricultural products of the U.S.A.
27.In order to compensate for the loss of fertile topsoil,farmers have been_______.
A.planting less corn and soybean
B.putting fertilizers on their fields
C.preventing soil erosion
D.decreasing the supply of top soil
28.At the present rate,approximately how many years later the black top soil now covering the Midwest will completely be blown or washed away?
A.120years later..
B.80years later.
C.50years later.
D.100years later.
29."This practice"in Paragraph4refers to_______.
A.that farmers have lowered the yield of corn and soybean
B.that farmers have expanded croplands
C.that farmers have applied more chemical fertilizers
D.that the top soil has been decreased greatly
30.All of the following are statements about the disadvantages of fertilizers EXCEPT that
A.they replenish the soil
B.they do not prevent the loss of soil
C.they are destroying the ecology
D.they pollute the nation's water supply
答案：26.D27.B28.B29.C30.A
本文来源于中国大学网。