上海中医药大学针灸学2019年考博真题考博试卷
针灸推拿专业考博题库
1、腕横纹上3寸，掌长肌腱与桡侧腕屈肌腱之间的穴位是A.支沟 B .间使 C .阴郄 D .三阳络 E .会宗 2、 位于桡骨茎突上方，腕横纹上 1.5寸的穴位是 A .尺泽 B .孔最 C .列缺D .经渠 E .太渊3、 在胸部，任脉旁开 2寸的经脉是 A •足太阴脾经 B •手太阴肺经 C •足阳明胃经 D •足少阳胆经4、 尾骨端与肛门连线的中点处的穴位是A .会阴B .中极C .长强D .腰俞E .曲骨5、 腕横纹上3寸，掌长肌腱与桡侧腕屈肌腱之间的穴位是A.支沟 B .间使 C .阴郄 D .三阳络 E .会宗 6、 手厥阴经的络穴是 A .列缺 B .通里 C .内关 D .支沟 E .偏历7、 拔罐时若需留罐，其留罐的时间一般为 A . 5~10min B . 10~15min C . 15~20min D . 20~25min E8、 前正中线旁开4寸，平第7肋间隙的穴位是A .期门B .日月C .膻中D .大包E .京门9、 任脉起于A .会阴B .小腹内C .神阙D .承泣穴E .目眶下10、 捏脊在小儿推拿临床上常用于 CA .惊风B .发热C .疳积D .腹泻E .便秘11、 手阳明大肠经出于“柱骨之会上” ，所指督脉的穴位是A .百会B .大椎C .风府D .神庭E .水沟12、 足阳明胃经的起始穴位是A .大包B .睛明C .承泣D .四白E .厉兑13、 心的募穴是A .巨阙B .鸠尾C .中庭D .膻中E .华盖14、 下列腧穴中不具有补虚功能的是A .上巨虚B .三阴交C .中冲D .关元E .太冲15、 肌肉薄浅部位腧穴进针法应用A .夹持进针法B .指切进针法C .双手进针法D .提捏进针法E .舒张进针法16、 八会穴中的脏会在A .足厥阴肝经上B .足太阴脾经上C .足阳胆胃经上D .任脉上E .手太阳小肠经上17、 位于桡骨茎突上方，腕横纹上 1.5寸的穴位是A.尺泽 B .孔最 C .列缺D .经渠 E .太渊 18、 腕横纹上3寸，掌长肌腱与桡侧腕屈肌腱之间的穴位是 A .支沟 B .间使 C .阴郄 D .三阳络 E .会宗19、 耳穴在耳郭的分布有一定的规律，其中与上肢、与内脏相应的穴位分别在 BA .耳垂、耳甲B .耳舟、耳甲 A .耳垂、对耳轮体D .三角窝、耳甲E .三角窝、 耳垂21、下列情况中除哪一点外均属于不宜拔罐的情况 E .足少阴肾经 25~30min 20、位于小指末节桡侧，指甲角旁 A .少海 B .小海 C0.1寸处的穴位是少泽 D .少列 E 中冲A .皮肤过敏、溃疡B .皮肤上有疮疡化脓C.大血管部位D .高热抽搐者E .孕妇的腹部、腰骶22、不与足厥阴肝经相联系的经脉是A •肝经B •肺经C •胆经D •脾经E •胃经23、使用电针时，当电针器的输出电压在40V以上时，其最大输出电流应控制在BA . 0.5mA以上B . 1mA以内C . 1.5mA以内D . 2mA以内E . 10mA以内24、位于桡骨茎突上方，腕横纹上 1.5寸的穴位是A .尺泽B .孔最C .列缺D .经渠E .太渊25、电针法中疏波的频率为每秒多少次？A . 50~100次B . 50次以上C. 100次以上D . 2〜5次E . 10~20次26、手少阳三焦经的起始穴位是A .丝竹空B .中冲C .关冲D .侠溪E .中渚27、手太阳小肠经联系的脏腑，除心和小肠外，还有A .胃B .胆C .脾D .肝E .大肠28、既是络穴，又是八脉交会穴的是A .内关B .少列C .通里D .神门E .足临泣29、在胸部，任脉旁开4寸的经脉是A .足太阴脾经B .足少阴肾经C.足阳明胃经D .足厥阴肝经E .足太阳膀胱经30、任脉起于A.会阴B.小腹内 C .神阙D .承泣穴E目眶下【下载本文档，可以自由复制内容或自由编辑修改内容，更多精彩文章，期待你的好评和关注，我将一如既往为您服务】。
上海中医药大学中医内科学2019年考博真题试卷
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上海中医药大学
2019年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：中医内科学
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释，共10分
1.证，症，病的概念
2.异法方宜
3.呷嗽
4.气利
5.脑风
二、类证鉴别，共20分
1.癃与闭
2.中脏腑与中经络
病案分析
3.战汗与脱汗
4.泻安表里与开通里表
5.噎膈
三、简答题，共20分
1.如何理解水肿治疗的“开鬼门”“洁净府”“去莞陈侳”
2.痹症的证治要点
四、论述题，共30分
1.历代医家对于眩晕的病名，病因病机，证治的主要论述
2.心悸日久会产生哪些变证，ຫໍສະໝຸດ 理如何五、病案分析，共20分
陈某，男性，46岁，胃脘胀痛，每与情绪不稳而加重，大便欠畅，脉弦苔薄白
中医基础理论考博真题
2017年3月11号上海中医药大学中医基础理真题二：名词解释（每题5分，共20分）1.乙癸同源、水火既济2.仓廪之官、决渎之官3.用热远热、热因热用4.忘了三：简答题（每题5分，共20分）1.气脱与亡阳的定义与联系2.热、火、暑的异同点3.忘了4.忘了四：论述题（每题10分，共40分）1.何谓肾精、肾气、肾阳、肾阴试述它们之间的关系。
2.阴阳偏衰既可导致相对一方亢盛，又可导致相对一方虚损不足，对此应如何正确理解和分析3.风气内动的概念、成因和病机。
4.“治病求本”与“标本缓急”中的“本”的区别与联系。
2017年山东中医药大学考博，中医基础理论考题记忆版1.为什么说“亡血家不可发汗”2.何谓体质何谓征候二者有何联系3.何谓七情为什么说情志病皆从心生4.何谓脱气与亡阳有何区别5.女子胞的生理功能与脏腑经络之间的联系6.何谓循经论治何谓分经论治试论头痛与牙痛的分经论治7.对脾喜燥恶湿，胃喜润勿燥的理解8.金元四大家。
9.对“金曰从革”的理解及临床指导意义2016年福建中医药大学中医基础理论考博真题回忆一、名词解释（20分，5个每题4分）1.水火既济2.经脉3.寒性凝滞4.阴阳格拒5.七情内伤二、简答题（共40分，每题8分，5个）1.简述中医发病的基本原理2.何为正治包括哪些治法3.何为痰饮痰饮的分类4.简述宗气学说的原理5.心的生理功能、生理特性及其与形、体、窍、华、志、液之间的关系三、论述题（共40分）1.中医藏象学说的理解（15分）2.中医“体病相关”理论与临床意义（25分）2017科学院中医基础理论一，名词解释（2*5）1.疬气2.五脏化液3.百病皆由气4.从化5.皮部二，简答（10*5）1.试论述“肝生于左，肺藏于右”。
2.阴维脉、阳维脉经脉循行及其功能。
3.试述“肾为胃之关”。
4.试述何谓反治简述其应用。
5.试述五运推演步骤，举例说明。
三，论述（20*2）1.论述整体观念。
其在中医认识生理、病理、诊断、治疗中的意义。
医博士中医试题及答案
医博士中医试题及答案中医学作为我国传统医学的重要分支，具有悠久的历史和深厚的理论基础。
如今，中医学已经成为医学领域的重要组成部分，在医博士考试中也占据了重要地位。
本文将为大家提供几道医博士中医试题，并附上详细的答案解析，希望能够帮助广大考生更好地备战医博士考试。
题目一：针灸是中医学的重要治疗手段，下列关于针灸的说法中错误的是：A. 针灸是通过刺激人体穴位，调整气血运行来达到治疗疾病的目的。
B. 针灸可以改善人体的免疫功能，提高机体抵抗力。
C. 针灸只适用于某些特定类型的疾病，对于其他疾病无效。
D. 针灸可以缓解疼痛，改善患者的生活质量。
答案解析：选项C中的说法是错误的。
针灸并非只适用于某些特定类型的疾病，它在治疗很多疾病上都具有独到的疗效。
针灸可以通过刺激穴位，调节人体的气血运行，从而达到治疗疾病的目的；同时，针灸还可以改善人体的免疫功能，提高机体的抵抗力；此外，针灸还可以缓解疼痛，改善患者的生活质量。
题目二：中医药理论中的“五脏六腑”是指：A. 心、肝、脾、肺、肾、胆B. 心、肝、胃、肺、肾、胆C. 脾、肝、胃、肺、肾、胆D. 心、肝、脾、胃、肾、胆答案解析：选项D中的说法是正确的。
中医药理论中的“五脏六腑”分别指的是心、肝、脾、胃、肾、胆。
中医认为，人体的脏腑器官相互关联，共同构成了一个整体，对人体的生理和病理起着重要的调节作用。
题目三：中医学的“四诊法”指的是：A. 望、闻、问、切B. 望、听、问、切C. 望、闻、问、摸D. 观、闻、问、切答案解析：选项A中的说法是正确的。
中医学的“四诊法”指的是望、闻、问、切。
中医医生在诊断疾病时，通过观察患者的面色、舌苔等外部表现（望）、听取患者的呼吸、声音等身体感觉（闻）、询问患者的症状、病史等（问）、以及通过脉搏等方式判断患者的体质和病情（切），来综合判断疾病的病情和治疗方法。
题目四：中医药学中，药物治疗的基本原则是：A. 寒热并用，阴阳平衡B. 攻补兼施，病因治疗C. 以药克药，活血化瘀D. 一药兼顾，调理气血答案解析：选项B中的说法是正确的。
近5年 中医基础理论考博真题
2016—2020年中医基础理论考博真题上海中医药大学中医基础理论2019年考博真题试卷名词解释(5题，每题4分，共20分)1.土爱稼穑2，阴病治阳3.审证求因4.湿性黏滞5.塞因塞用论述题(5题，每题8分，共40 分)1.营气与卫气有何异同，营卫失和的临床表现2.水湿痰饮的区别与联系3.何为十二经脉的表里关系?其特点与其意义如何?4.外燥与内燥的异同5.脾与精，气，血，津液的生理联系湖南中医药大学2018年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试考试科目:中医基础理论注意:所有答案-律写在答题纸上。
写在试题纸上或其他地方--律不给分。
、名词解释1.肝主疏泄2.肺主治节3.循经取穴4. 内生五邪5.塞因塞用6.阴病治阳7.精血同源8. 心肾不交二、简答题1. 脾胃的关系。
2. 饮的分类。
3. 药邪的形成及致病特点。
4.风邪致病的特点。
5.心主神明与脑主神明的认识。
6. 三焦的认识。
7.脏腑之别。
山东中医药大学中医基础理论2018年考博真题考试科目:中医基础理论注意:所有答案-律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一-律不给分。
论述题: .1.试述心与肾的关系。
2.《内经》中津液的产生与输布。
3.如何理解冲为血海。
4.火热内生的临床表现及致病因素。
5.体质的概念及形成因素。
6.如何理解大实有赢状，至虚有盛候。
7.试述”阴病治阳，阳病治阴”与”阴中求阳，阳中求阴”有何异同?8.试述湿邪致病特点，及与外湿有何异同?9.谈谈对益火补土法的认识及临床中的应用。
山东中医药大学中医基础理论考博真题1.风邪性质和致病特征，为什么说风为百病之长?2.从病机转化角度说明寒证转化为热证的转变形式?3.虚实的病机机制?2018年山东中医药大学博士考试中医基础理论试题1.试述心与肾的关系。
2.《内经》中津液的产生与输布。
3.如何理解冲为血海。
4.火热内生的临床表现及致病因素。
5.体质的概念及形成因素。
6.如何理解大实有羸状，至虚有盛候。
中医考博试题.doc
中医文献学2005年1何谓文献学？屮医文献学的基础知识包括哪些方而？2金元时期中医学术发展的特点是什么？试述此期的主要医家和医著。
3请问汉刘歆的《七略》中提出的六略分类法是哪六略，其中医经、经方等书籍分在哪一略？4请简述校勘与校觥的关系。
5请简述古籍的丿力代版本类别。
6伪书的形成主要有哪些因素？如何辨析和利用伪书？7宋代校正医书局的主要成员冇哪几位？在中医古籍整理方面有何成就？（举出5例）8中医文献研究中选择善本有何重要意义？9请简述《伤寒杂病论》传本系统。
10试述中医文献研究对于当代中医临床研究的意义和作用。
2006年1何谓文献？简述我国古代文献载体。
2类书与丛书有何区别？各举出三部较著名的中医类书和丛书。
3简述六朝至隋唐时期医药文献发展的特点和代表作品。
4简述避讳的概念、避讳方法并举例说明研究避讳对中医占籍的校勘与利用的意义。
5校勘的主要方法有几种？请简述之。
6请简述点校说明与校勘的概念，并说明两者的区别？7请简述训诂（注释）的基本方法。
8请简述占代书目的基木结构。
9请简述四部分类法，其中“医学类”书籍分在哪一部？10请结合您所从事的研究，谈谈对屮医文献学的认识。
2007年1简述胡适捉出辨别伪书的五种方法。
2我国占代解题课分为几类，请分别进行简述。
3从哪几个方而进行版本鉴别，请试述Z。
4请简述校勘的方式。
5什么是因声求意。
请试述之。
6以《古今图书集成医部全录》为例，分析中医类书的常见体例。
7《黄帝内经》冇哪几个主要传本系统、请简述Z。
8陈垣先生总结占籍校勘“四校法”的主要内容是什么？9六朝至隋唐时期医药文献发展的特点是什么？冇哪些代表作品？10屮国古代书口的基木结构和特点是什么？2008年1什么是类书、丛书？以屮医书籍为例说明二者的特点。
2什么是“比较互证”，其方式主要有哪些？3评判辑佚书优劣的标准是什么？4胡适在《屮国哲学史大纲》对辨别伪书如何认识的？5试述《晋中经簿》一书对目录学分类方法的影响。
2019年针灸学(正高)历年真题精选
2019年针灸学(正高)历年真题精选[多项选择题]1、乳癖兼见冲任失调者在基本方的基础上加A.内关B.血海C.太冲D.太溪E.三阴交参考答案：B,E[多项选择题]2、厥证治法包括（）A.回阳救逆法B.辛寒清热法C.寒温并用，安蛔止痛法D.舒肝解郁法E.温胃化饮法参考答案：A,B,C,D,E[多项选择题]3、与心有联系的经脉有( )A.足少阴肾经B.足太阴脾经C.手少阴心经D.手太阳小肠经E.足太阳膀胱经参考答案：A,B,C,D[多项选择题]4、下列病症均宜用灸法A.脾胃虚寒胃痛B.鼻塞流清涕C.癫痫D.慢性泄泻E.急性咽喉炎参考答案：A,B,D[多项选择题]5、属于瘀血阻络型胁痛的临床表现是A.胁肋刺痛B.固定不移C.入夜尤甚D.胁痛隐隐，遇劳加重E.舌质紫暗，脉沉涩参考答案：A,B,C,E参考解析：胁痛隐隐，遇劳加重属肝阴不足证型。
[多项选择题]6、临床可用于主治戒断综合征的耳穴有A.神门B.口C.肺E.内分泌参考答案：A,B,C[多项选择题]7、白虎加人参汤证的治法是（）A.苦寒清热B.辛寒清热C.滋阴清热D.益气生津E.益气养血参考答案：B,D[多项选择题]8、据《素问·评热病论》，下列哪些属于“阴阳交”的症状A.汗出辄复热B.烦满不解C.狂言D.不能食E.强上冥视参考答案：A,C,D[多项选择题]9、瘢痕灸在施灸前涂以大蒜液是为了A.增加粘附B.皮肤消毒C.加强刺激E.减少疼痛参考答案：A,C[多项选择题]10、常用治鼻塞鼻渊的药物是A.辛夷B.白芷C.苍耳子D.细辛E.升麻参考答案：A,B,C,D[多项选择题]11、针刺练习是初学针灸的基础，是顺利进针，减少疼痛，提高疗效的基本保证，它包括了A.持针姿势B.手法C.押手D.指力E.力贯针尖参考答案：B,D[多项选择题]12、牛黄的功效是A.息风止痉B.化痰开窍C.清肝明目D.清热解毒E.镇惊安神参考答案：A,B,D[多项选择题]13、下列哪些是《灵枢·本藏》所言卫气的功能A.适寒温B.温分肉C.肥腠理D.司开合E.充皮肤参考答案：B,C,D,E[多项选择题]14、治疗牙痛的处方中以手、足阳明经为主，是因为A.手阳明大肠经入下齿B.足阳明胃经入下齿C.手阳明大肠经入上齿D.足阳明胃经入上齿E.用阳明经泻火参考答案：A,D参考解析：下关、颊车、内庭为足阳明胃经穴，合谷为手阳明大肠经穴。
上海中医药大学中医基础理论2011--2019年考博真题
上海中医药大学
2011年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：中医基础理论
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名解 4分 8个总32分
罢极之本、阴病治阳、脾主升清、五行制化、
乙葵（没有草头，原字打不出）同源、用热远热、上焦如雾、十二皮部、
二、单选题2分 10个 20分
1、行于腹部的经脉
2、入耳的经脉
3、肝经，经胁部
4、气化：汗血的生成
5、心主血脉，表现于舌，面---与睡眠关系？
6、阴阳互根
7、木火刑金，属于五行相侮？
8、9、10没能能记下
三、论述8分 6个共48分
1、以虚实论阴阳失调
2、肝火上炎，肝阳上亢之别与联系
3、阴阳偏衰的区别，联系
4、阴阳互根解释
5、十二经脉在四肢，头面，躯干的分布
6、脏腑之别解释及临床意义。
第1页共1页。
针灸科考试题及答案(1)教学教材
针灸科考试题及答案(1)针灸专业考核试卷姓名__________ 成绩___________一、名词解释（每题 5分，共10分）1、伤筋：2、得气：二、选择题（每题只有一个正确的答案，每题2分，共40分）1、针灸学起源于我国的时代是( )A．青铜器时代 B．石器时代 C．仰韶文化时期 D．奴隶制度时代E．春秋战国时期2、辨证归经、循经取穴、针刺补泻的依据是( )A．阴阳学说 B．卫气营血理论 C．五行学说 D．经络学说 E．脏腑学说3、分布于四肢外侧和头面、躯干的经脉是( )A．阴经 B．阴维脉 C．阳经 D．奇经 E．带脉4、督、任、冲脉皆起于胞中，同出会阴，故称( )A．循行走向 B．离入出合 C．奇恒之腑D．一源三歧 E．别道奇行5、两乳头之间的骨度分寸是( )A．8寸 B．6寸 C．12寸 D．9寸 E．10寸6、有关推拿对脾胃功能的作用论述错误的是（）A 、胃以通降为顺B 、脾的输布作用称为“升”C 、推拿对脾胃的调节作用主要为加强胃腑的功能D 、擦背部的脾胃区域不能促进全身气血运行。
E 、摩腹可促进胃的通降功能。
7、三焦的下合穴在( )A．胃经上 B．胆经上 C．膀胱经上 D．三焦经上 E．大肠经上8、手太阴肺经的起始穴位是( )A．云门 B．中府 C．少商 D．列缺 E．少泽9、风热外感在推拿治疗时，手法应（）。
A 、先轻后重B 、先重后轻C 、重而有力D 、轻而柔和E 、以上都不是10、“起于中焦，下络大肠”的经脉是( )A．足阳明胃经 B．足太阴脾经 C．手少阴心经D．手阳明大肠经 E．手太阴肺经11、“出髃骨之前廉，上出于柱骨之会上”的经脉是( ) A．足阳明胃经 B．手阳明大肠经 C．手少阳三焦经D．足太阳膀胱经 E．足少阳胆经12、推拿治疗踝关节扭伤适用于（）A 、腓侧韧带断裂B 、外侧关节囊及腓侧韧带损伤C 、伴有内踝部骨折D 、伴有外踝尖部横行撕脱性骨折E 、以上都不是13、下列经脉循行中“交人中”的是( )A．足阳明胃经 B．手少阴心经 C．手阳明大肠经D．手太阳小肠经 E．足少阳胆经14、曲池位于( )A．肘横纹内侧端，屈肘，曲泽与肱骨内上髁连线的中点B．肘横纹外侧端，屈肘，尺泽与肱骨内上髁连线的中点C．肘横纹内侧端，屈肘，曲池与肱骨内上髁连线的中点D．肘横纹内侧端，屈肘，曲泽与肱骨外上髁连线的中点E．肘横纹外侧端，屈肘，尺泽与肱骨外上髁连线的中点15、振法可用于（）A 、胸部B 、腹部C 、头面部D 、全身各部E 、腰背部16、起于本脏的经脉是( )A.手少阳三焦经 B．足厥阴肝经 C．手少阴心经 D.足少阴肾经 E.足太阳膀胱经17、既是络穴，又是八脉交会穴的是( )A.内关B.少冲C.通里D.神门E.足临泣18、十二经脉中，循行至心的经脉有( )A.2条B.3条C.4条D.5条E.6条19、腰椎间盘突出症发生的主要因素是（）A 、腰椎肥大B 、外伤C 、劳损D 、受寒着凉E 、椎间盘退变20、捏脊疗法不适于下列何症（）A 、腹泻B 、疳积C 、便秘D 、肠套叠E 、佝偻病三、判断题（每题1分，共10分）1、小肠经的腧穴可治疗头、项、耳、口、咽喉病和热病、神志病以及经脉循行部位的其他病症。
中医针灸学博士试题及答案
中医针灸学博士试题及答案一、选择题1. 针灸起源于哪个古代文明？a. 美索不达米亚文明b. 印度河流域文明c. 尼罗河流域文明d. 中国古代文明答案：d. 中国古代文明2. 针灸学中，通常使用多长的针？a. 2cmb. 5cmc. 10cmd. 不固定答案：d. 不固定3. 针刺的主要途径是经络，经络是什么？a. 神经束b. 血管集合体c. 蔓延全身的特殊器官d. 虚拟的通道答案：d. 虚拟的通道4. 根据中医理论，针灸疗法可以调节人体的哪种能量？a. 阳气b. 阴气c. 气血d. 脏腑答案：c. 气血5. 针灸治疗能够通过哪种途径发挥作用？a. 直接作用于病变部位b. 通过神经系统调节全身功能c. 改变体液代谢d. 以上皆是答案：d. 以上皆是二、简答题1. 针灸学的基本理论有哪些？答案：针灸学的基本理论包括：“经络论”、“阴阳学说”、“气血学说”、“脏腑学说”等。
这些理论相互联系，共同构成了针灸学的理论体系。
2. 针灸治疗的主要途径有哪些？答案：针灸治疗的主要途径包括：“经络刺激法”、“络脉刺激法”、“经穴刺激法”等。
其中，经络刺激法是最常用的方法，通过在经络上刺激特定穴位来调节气血运行，达到治疗的目的。
三、论述题针灸学是中国传统医学的重要分支，它以针刺刺激人体特定穴位，调节气血运行，达到治疗疾病的效果。
针灸学的理论体系包括经络论、阴阳学说、气血学说、脏腑学说等多个方面。
1. 经络论：根据中医理论，人体内有一套虚拟的通道系统，称为经络。
经络运行于全身，与五脏六腑相互联系。
针灸疗法主要通过刺激经络上的穴位来调节气血，疏通经络，达到治疗疾病的目的。
2. 阴阳学说：阴阳学说是中医学的核心理论之一。
它认为，宇宙万物都是由相互对立而又统一的阴阳组成。
在针灸学中，阴阳学说用于解释疾病的发生、发展和变化规律。
针灸治疗的目的就是通过调节阴阳的平衡来治愈疾病。
3. 气血学说：气血学说是中医学中的重要观念之一。
2019年针灸学(副高)历年真题精选
2019年针灸学(副高)历年真题精选[单项选择题]1、带下色白量多，质稀如涕，淋漓不绝，是因A.湿热下注B.寒湿下注C.湿毒蕴结D.肝经郁热E.热伤冲任参考答案：B[单项选择题]2、下列属于治法的是A.未病先防B.治病求本C.滋阴养血D.扶正祛邪E.调整阴阳参考答案：C[单项选择题]3、"圣人不治已乱治未乱"一语，出自A.《难经》B.《内经》C.《温疫论》D.《湿热病篇》E.《伤寒瘟疫条辨》参考答案：B[多项选择题]4、口苦、咽干、目眩三症已充分反映了少阳病（）A.火气为病B.灼伤津液C.肝风内动D.胆汁上溢E.胆火上炎参考答案：A,B,C,E[单项选择题]5、肾虚不固遗精，可在基本处方上加A.志室、太溪B.心俞、脾俞C.太溪、神门D.中极、阴陵泉E.太溪、阴陵泉参考答案：A参考解析：志室、太溪补肾固精。
[单项选择题]6、治疗血热内扰型崩漏，除针刺主穴外，还应加用A.脾俞、足三里B.行间、期门C.肾俞、太溪D.丰隆、阴陵泉E.中脘、足三里参考答案：B参考解析：行间、期门可清泄血中之热。
[单项选择题]7、"夺血者无汗"的生理基础是A.气为血帅B.血为气母C.汗为心液D.津血同源E.气能行津参考答案：D[多项选择题]8、《素问·厥论》所言热厥的病因病机有A.酗酒无度B.入房太甚伤肾C.阴虚阳亢D.气血不足E.肾阴亏虚参考答案：A,B,C,E[单项选择题]9、关于坐骨神经痛的治疗，以下哪项不恰当：A.取足阳明经和足少阳经穴为主B.毫针刺可用泻法C.毫针刺可用补法D.可以用灸法E.常选用的穴位如环跳、肾俞、阿是穴参考答案：A[单项选择题]10、灸疮自愈时间一般在灸后A.2星期左右B.3星期左右C.4星期左右D.5星期左右E.6星期左右参考答案：E[单项选择题]11、要求针灸并用、并强调重用灸法的是A.气虚证B.气滞证C.气逆证D.气陷证E.都不是参考答案：D参考解析：陷下则灸之。
(完整版)历年中医药大学博士考题
山东中医药大学历年中内及西内考博真题（2000-2010）2000年中医内科1.请阐述水肿、淋证、癃闭、关格的临床特点及联系。
（10分）2.请论述内伤头痛与肝、脾、肾三脏的关系。
（10 分）3.胸痹的发病基础和病理因素是什么？其病理特点如何？怎样辨别阴寒证、痰浊证、气滞证、血瘀证的不同？各证型治疗要点是什么？（10分）4.如何理解“治痿独取阳明”的意义？（10分）5.试述“真中”“类中”的源流考略？（10分）6.痰饮发病的内在病理基础是什么？为什么?其治则如何？为什么？（10分）7.消渴病（糖尿病）临床常见哪些急慢性并发症？请写出消渴病（糖尿病）周围神经病变辨证分型（只写分型）、治法、方剂。
（10分）8.如何理解《血证论》提出的治血四法？（10分）9.调补脾肾为何是治疗虚劳的关键？请论述之。
（10分）10.通窍活血汤方义如何？你在临床应用如何体会？（10分）西内内科一、名词解释：Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭，卓－艾综合症，脾功能亢进，肾病综合症，Graves病，高血压危象。
二、试述肺气肿的治疗原则及具体措施。
三、试述PSVT的ECG 表现及临床表现。
四、试述再生障碍性贫血的诊断标准。
五、试述急性肾功能衰竭的分类及原因。
六、试述DM的诊断标准。
七、肝硬化腹水形成的主要原因有哪些?2001年中医内科1.你对中西医结合治疗风湿病的看法。
2.中风病（中脏腑、中经络）的临床表现。
3.“开鬼门、洁净府”结合心血管（心衰）的应用。
4.胃痞、胃胀、痞满的鉴别诊断。
5.试述扶正治疗肿瘤（祛邪需要扶正，邪去正自安）6.肝癌、积症的治疗方法，在何时用何法？7.石棉在《内经》的论述及其治法（3个）8.试述“病痰饮者当以温药和之”9.试述糖尿病的非药物治疗。
10.血府逐瘀汤的组成，能治疗心系的那些疾病？西医内科1.慢性腹泻的发病机理。
2.感染性心内膜炎的诊断标准。
3.白血病前期多发MDX 的分类标准。
4.再障的鉴别诊断。
5.癫痫及其处理。
上海中医药大学中医内科学2015年考博真题试卷
简答：
王清任的五个逐瘀汤配伍特点与临床应用；
结合《证治汇补》中对哮病的论述简述哮病的病因病机；
论述：
血证治疗的注意要点；
水肿日久的变证及如何预防
上海中医药大学医学考博真来自试卷攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
上海中医药大学
2015年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：2010中医内科学
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
名词解释
重不胜；
百合病；
提壶揭盖法；
少阴三急下；
五疸。
区别：
风气和客气；
子火与贼火；
开表通里与通里解表；
上海中医药大学中医基础理论2019年考博真题试卷
二、多选题（10题，每题2分，共20分）
1.相乘关系的有：肝火犯胃……
2.血淤常因：气虚气滞血热血寒血虚……
3.津停导致：气虚气滞血虚血淤血燥……
4.人的气的来源：水谷之气，营气，清气，精气，卫气
5.属于逆治的：虚则补之……
6.肾中精气充足的标志：齿骨发
7.入耳的经脉：三小胆
医学考博真题试卷
攻
读
博
士
学
位
研
究
生
入
学
考
试
试
卷
上海中医药大学
2019年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：中医基础理论
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、单选题（20题，每题1分，共20分）
1.中清之府——胆；
2.孤府——三焦；
3.常血虚脏腑为主——心肝；
4.用寒远寒、用热远热——因时制宜；
5.气逆常见于——肝胃肺
6.阴阳转化的理论基础——阴阳互根
7.阴病治阳——
8.啥啥是什么关系：相乘、相侮、相生相克……
9.通行元气与水液的通道——三焦
10.吐下定无完气——津能载气
11.体阴而用阳的脏——肝
12.冲脉并行的经脉——足太阴肾经
13.距离正中线最近的经脉
14.津分布的部位——肌肉、皮肤、孔窍
二、名词解释（5题，每题4分，共20分）
1.土爰稼穑
2ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้阴病治阳
3.审证求因
4.湿性黏滞
5.塞因塞用
三、论述题（5题，每题8分，共40分）
1.营气与卫气有何异同，营卫失和的临床表现
2.水湿痰饮的区别与联系
2019-9-11针灸试题14页word
1．下列属于针灸治疗原则的是（B）A．扶正祛邪B．虚则补之C．子母补泻D．调和阴阳E．都不是2．下列出自《灵枢*九针十二原》的是（E）A．实则泻之B．寒者热之C．热者寒之D．陷下则灸之E．宛陈则除之3．下列属随症选穴的是（B）A．肝阳上亢取太冲B．发热针曲池C．心肾不交灸神门D．五更泻灸命门E．脾虚腹泻针足三里4．根据交经缪刺理论的治法为（A）A．合谷治面瘫B．曲池退热C．后溪治腰扭伤D．劳宫治手心热E．头维治偏正头痛5．阴经经脉五腧穴五行属性正确的是（A）A．木火土金水B．金水木火土C．金木水火土D．木火金水土E．土木金火水6．下列腧穴除（E）之外，都是络穴A．通里B．偏历C．长强D．鸠尾E．支沟7．按主客配穴法，脾经先病，胃经后病应取（A）A．太白、丰隆B．冲阳、丰隆C．太白、冲阳D．公孙、丰隆E．均不是8．按八脉交会穴的应用，列缺配照海的主治范围是（D）A．眼病B．牙病C．耳病D．咽喉病E．舌体病9．下列五腧穴除（D）之外，都是本经的母穴A．曲池B．后溪C．解溪D．行间E．至阴10．穴位按压可查得（A）A．京门B．石门C．章门D．风门E．殷门11．以“苦心痛”为主症的奇经八脉是（E）A．任脉B．督脉C．冲脉D．阳维脉E．阴维脉12．适宜于胃阴不足证的是（E）A．针灸并用B．重用灸法C．针补加灸D．泻法E．平补平泻13．肾不纳气选（C）A．少商B．伏兔C．足三里D．俞府E．都不对14．痛痹的治疗除在病变局部选穴外，可再加（D）A．阴陵泉、足三里B．风池、风府C．大椎、曲池D．肾俞、关元E．膈俞、血海15．治疗腰痛的基本处方为（A）A．委中、阿是穴、大肠俞、肾俞、腰阳关B．阳陵泉、肾俞、委中C．照海、委中、阿是穴D．秩边、环跳、委中、阿是穴E．大椎、环跳、委中、阿是穴16．坐骨神经痛与天气变化密切相关者，在基本方的基础上加灸（B）A．大肠俞B．大椎C．膈俞D．委中E．环跳17．治疗湿热浸淫型痿证，在基本处方的基础上再加（D）A．尺泽B．脾俞C．太溪D．中极E．风池18．风痰阻络型中风可在基本处方上再加（B）A．曲池、内庭、丰隆B．丰隆、合谷C．足三里、气海D．太溪、风池E．太冲、太溪19．针灸治疗面瘫的基本处方为（E）A．阳白、四百、颊车、地仓、翳风、颧髎B．翳风、颧髎、合谷、太冲、丰隆C．阳白、四白、颊车、地仓、翳风、列缺D．颊车、地仓、翳风、颧髎、大陵E．阳白、四白、颊车、地仓、翳风、颧髎、合谷20．针灸治疗风寒型面瘫可在基本处方上加（A）A．风池B．环跳C．足三里D．百会E．曲池21．下列那项（C）不是针灸治疗三叉神经痛的原则A．疏通经络B．祛风止痛C．针刺为主D．泻法E．补法22．风寒型三叉神经痛，在基本处方上加（A）A．列缺B．内关C．曲池D．太冲E．内庭23．治疗风寒头痛除基本处方外，下列穴组还当选（B）A．曲池、合谷、大椎B．风门、大椎、风池C．合谷、三阴交、内庭D．足三里、三阴交、丰隆E．足三里、膈俞、血海24．下列各项中除（D）外，都用于治疗肝肾阴虚型眩晕A．肝俞B．肾俞C．太溪D．大敦E．绝骨25．治疗风阳上扰型眩晕，可在基本处方的基础上再加（A）A．行间、太冲、太溪B．内关、中脘、丰隆C．气海、血海、足三里D．肝俞、肾俞、太溪E．合谷、曲池、太阳26．治疗高血压在基本处方中具疏肝理气、平降肝阳作用的腧穴是（D）A．百会B．合谷C．三阴交D．太冲E．曲池27．下列不属于低血压病治则的是（A）A．活血化瘀B．补益心脾C．调和气血D．补肾充髓E．温阳化气28．针灸治疗贫血取用悬钟意在（D）A．气血双补B．调理脾胃C．滋养心脾D．养髓补血E．益气补血29．心悸急性发作者针刺可用（B）A．补法B．泻法C．平补平泻法D．禁用针刺E．刺血法30．治疗心阳不振型心悸，可在基本处方的基础上再加（B）A．神阙、中脘B．关元、足三里C．气海、足三里D．关元、中脘E．神阙、气海31．治疗痰热内扰型失眠，针灸治疗时可施用（A）A．只针不灸B．只灸不针C．针灸并用D．补泻兼施E．平补平泻32．下列各项中除（C）外，都能治疗肝郁型失眠A．安眠B．行间C．尺泽D．风池E．太冲33．治疗湿浊困脾型失眠，可在基本处方的基础上再加（C）A．公孙、大包B．脾俞、公孙C．脾俞、大包D．阴陵泉、脾俞E．中脘、大包34．下列各项中除（E）外，都是针灸治疗痴呆的基本处方用穴A．足三里B．大钟C．悬钟D．太溪E．中脘35．治疗气血虚弱型痴呆，可在基本处方的基础上再加（D）A．少商B．鱼际C．风门D．气海E．中脘36．下列各项中除（E）外，都是治疗癫病的基本处方用穴A．脾俞B．丰隆C．心俞D．神门E．合谷37．狂病发病年龄多见于（C）A．婴幼儿B．儿童C．青少年D．中年E．老年38．治疗痫病在夜间发作者可在基本处方上加（E）A．肝俞B．太冲C．太溪D．肾俞E．照海39．梅核气治疗配穴可用（C）A．通里、三阴交B．太溪、肾俞C．列缺、照海D．四白、光明E．曲池、足三里40．大椎治疗震颤麻痹，下列刺灸方法除（C）外多均选用A．重灸B．拔罐C．浅刺D．针感向四肢放射E．刺血41．治疗风寒咳嗽，可在基本处方的基础上再加（D）A．少商B．尺泽C．鱼际D．风门E．孔最42．下列各项中除（B）外，都能治疗心肾阳虚之哮喘A．肺俞B．大椎C．中府D．列缺E．关元43．下列各穴除（A）外均可温胃散寒A．太冲B．足三里C．胃俞D．脾俞E．中脘44．治疗胃阴不足型胃痛可在基本方的基础上加（A）A．太溪B．太冲C．期门D．神阙E．建里45．治疗胃下垂主方中具有升阳举陷作用的腧穴是（A）A．百会B．脾俞C．太冲D．胃俞E．中脘46．呕吐的针灸治疗原则不正确的是（C）A．虚证用补法B．实证用泻法C．胃阴不足者可用灸法D．肝气犯胃者用泻法E．胃阴不足者平补平泻47．肝气犯胃型呕吐可在基本方的基础上加（A）A．太冲、期门B．丰隆、公孙C．天枢、梁门D．外关、大椎E．脾俞、三阴交48．下列不属于胃火上逆型呃逆的临床表现的是（C）A．呃声洪亮有力，冲逆而出B．口臭烦渴，喜冷饮C．呃声低沉无力D．尿赤便秘E．苔黄燥，脉滑数49．脐周腹痛宜取（C）A．中脘B．大横C．天枢D．气海E．关元50．泄泻的病机主要在于（D）A．肝气郁滞B．肾阳亏虚C．食滞胃脘D．脾胃功能障碍E．湿热积滞51．关于气秘的针灸治疗正确的是（C）A．只针不灸，补法B．只灸不针，补法C．只针不灸，泻法D．只灸不针，泻法E．针灸并用，补泻兼施52．在治疗胁痛的针灸处方中，有“见肝之病，当先实脾”之意的腧穴是（C）A．期门C．足三里D．支沟E．太冲53．肝阴不足型胁痛的性质为（A）A．隐痛B．胀痛C．刺痛D．空痛E．窜痛54．不属于阳黄的临床表现的是（D)A．眼白和皮肤黄色鲜明B．发热C．小便黄赤，大便秘结D．神疲乏力E．苔黄腻，脉滑数55．针灸治疗阴水属脾虚者，可在基本处方的基础上再加（C）A．肺俞、列缺、脾俞B．列缺、脾俞、足三里C．脾俞、足三里、三阴交D．足三里、三阴交、合谷E．三阴交、太冲、合谷56．治疗热淋，可在基本处方的基础上再加（A）A．行间B．委中C．大椎D．曲池E．昆仑57．针灸治疗肾虚不固型遗精，可在基本处方的基础上加（A）A．志室、太溪B．心俞、脾俞C．太溪、神门D．中极、阴陵泉E．太溪、阴陵泉58．治疗上消证，可在基本处方的基础上再加（B）A．中脘、内庭B．太渊、少府C．太冲、照海D．阴谷、气海E．命门、至阳59．治疗糖尿病时，若见肌肤瘙痒可加用的腧穴是（B）A．风府B．血海C．尺泽E．内关60．治疗单纯性肥胖症中的脾胃虚弱证，可在基本处方的基础上再加（B）A．合谷B．足三里C．血海D．膻中E．照海61．治疗急惊风暴受惊恐证，可在基本处方的基础上再加（C）A．中脘、丰隆B．外关、风池C．印堂、承浆D．足三里、三阴交E．飞扬、承山62．治疗脾胃虚弱型小儿厌食，可在基本处方的基础上再加（D）A．内关、合谷B．三阴交、太冲C．太冲、太白D．脾俞、胃俞E．肾俞、关元63．治疗下焦湿热型遗尿，可在基本处方的基础上再加（C）A．关元、肾俞B．心俞、肺俞C．曲骨、阴陵泉D．大肠俞、小肠俞E．肺俞、脾俞64．以下脑瘫的治则中，哪一项是不合适的（E）A．益气养血B．疏通经络C．补益肝肾D．强筋壮骨E．和胃止呕65．治疗肾虚肝亢型注意力缺陷多动症，可在基本处方的基础上再加（C）A．足三里、解溪B．合谷、曲池C．肾俞、行间D．风池、外关E．关元、中脘66．治疗气血不足型经前期紧张综合征，除针刺主穴外，还应加用（A）A．脾俞B．太溪C．肾俞D．丰隆E．中脘67．治疗血虚型月经不调，可在基本处方的基础上再加（C）A．中脘B．太溪C．膈俞D．肾俞E．太冲68．治疗气血郁滞型痛经，可在基本处方的基础上再加（B）A．中脘、脾俞、足三里B．合谷、太冲、次髎C．膈俞、脾俞、气海D．关元、脾俞、三阴交E．太冲、太溪、命门69．下列各项中除（C）外，都能治疗气血不足型闭经A．血海B．气海C．大椎D．三阴交E．脾俞70．治疗血热内扰型崩漏，除针刺主穴外，还应加用（B）A．脾俞、足三里B．行间、期门C．肾俞、太溪D．丰隆、阴陵泉E．中脘、足三里71．治疗湿热下注型带下病，除针刺主穴外，还应加用（B）A．脾俞、太溪B．中极、次髎C．肾俞、上髎D．中极、下髎E．膻中、血海72．妊娠呕吐加用三阴交、丰隆的治疗作用是（C）A．健脾和胃B．补益脾胃C．健脾化痰D．开胃进食E．清头明目73．针灸治疗脾虚湿滞型胎位不正宜在基本方基础上再加（B）A．足三里、太冲B．阴陵泉、丰隆C．脾俞、阳陵泉D．中脘、气海E．脾俞、肾俞74．恶露不绝血热内扰证宜在基本方基础上再加（C）A．足三里B．百会C．中极D．地机E．膈俞75．产后乳少清稀，乳房柔软无胀感，伴神疲食少，可在基本处方的基础上再加（B）A．关元、气海B．足三里、三阴交C．内关、期门D．太冲、行间E．血海、膈俞76．治疗子宫脱垂初期之脾气虚证，可在基本方基础上再加（C）A．中极、蠡沟B．中脘、足三里C．归来、足三里D．肾俞、阴陵泉E．中极、带脉77．针灸治疗不孕症之痰湿阻滞证，可在基本方基础上再加（C）A．公孙、内关B．合谷、三阴交C．丰隆、阴陵泉D．中脘、足三里E．中极、肺俞78．治疗更年期综合征的基本处方中，除肾俞、太溪、三阴交外，还包括（D）A．足三里、气海B．神门、内关C．太冲、风池D．关元、百会E．丰隆、中脘79．治疗乳腺炎的经验穴是（E）A．足三里B．梁丘C．期门D．内关E．肩井80．治疗阑尾炎所取主穴属（B）A．手阳明经穴B．足阳明经穴C．手、足阳明经穴D．手少阳经穴E．足少阳经穴81．针灸治疗胆石症以哪组选穴最佳（E）A．以肝、胆的背俞穴为主B．以肝、胆的募穴为主C．以肝、胆的下合穴为主D．以肝、胆的原穴为主E．以肝、胆的背俞穴、募穴、下合穴为主82．针灸治疗丹毒胎火蕴毒型可在基本处方上加（A）A．水沟B．合谷C．委中D．血海E．曲池83．下列各项中除（A）外，都能治疗血栓闭塞性脉管炎A．中脘B．阴陵泉C．气海D．关元E．膈俞84．下列哪个腧穴是针灸治疗痔疮的经验用穴（E）A．长强B．百会C．承山D．会阳E．二白85．下列各项中除（C）外都是治疗颈部扭伤的基本处方A．大椎B．天柱C．风府D．风池E．后溪86．治疗落枕病及督脉、太阳经者，可在基本处方上再加（C）A．风池、风市、肩井B．肩井、肩外俞、风市C．肩外俞、风府、天柱D．风市、风池、风府E．风府、肩井、风池87．治疗颈椎病头晕目眩者可在基本处方的基础上再加（D）A．膈俞、条口、风府B．风府、曲池、外关C．曲池、合谷、外关D．风池、百会、太阳E．天突、风门、风府88．下列各项中除（E）外都能治疗风寒痹阻型颈椎病A．风门B．风府C．后溪D．天柱E．内关89．下列各项中除（D）外均可治疗肩关节周围炎的基本穴位A．肩三针B．阿是穴C．阳陵泉D．天府E．中平穴90．下列关于腱鞘囊肿治则不正确的是（E）A．针刺为主B．泻法C．行气活血D．化瘀散结E．补法91．下列各项中除（D)外均可治疗外伤性截瘫A．委中B．三阴交C．悬钟D．风池E．足三里92．下列各项中除（A）外均为颞下颌关节功能紊乱综合征的治则A．补法B．泻法C．平补平泻D．祛风散寒E．舒筋活络93．下列各项中除（A）外，都能治疗血虚风燥型神经性皮炎A．合谷B．曲池C．血海D．委中E．大椎94．治疗脾虚卫弱型皮肤瘙痒症，可在基本处方的基础上再加（B）A．肝俞B．脾俞C．太溪D．大椎E．合谷95．治疗风热犯表型荨麻疹，可在基本处方的基础上再加（D）A．曲池B．血海C．三阴交D．大椎E．内关96．下列各项中除（E）外，都能治疗带状疱疹A．支沟B．阴陵泉C．行间D．夹脊穴E．风市97．下列治疗肾精亏虚型耳鸣、耳聋的治则中。
针灸考试题及答案
针灸考试题及答案(总20页) --本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--针灸考试题及答案【篇一：针灸护理题库及答案】b1．针灸学起源于我国的时代是( )a．青铜器时代 b．石器时代 c．仰韶文化时期 d．奴隶制度时代 e．春秋战国时期c2．分布于四肢外侧和头面、躯干的经脉是( )a．阴经 b．阴维脉 c．阳经 d．奇经 e．带脉e3．与胃经相表里的经脉是( )a．肺经 b．心经c．肝经d．肾经 e．脾经b4．下肢外侧分布有( )a．手三阴经 b．足三阳经c．属六脏的阴经 d．手三阳经 e．足三阴经c5、足三里穴治( )a、面口部疾患 b．头项部疾患 c．肚腹部疾患 d．胁肋部疾患e．腰背部疾患d6、下列哪项不属于“奇经八脉”的内容( )a．督脉 b．任脉 c．冲脉 d．络脉 e．带脉c7、“血海”指的是( )a.阴跷脉 b．阴维脉c．冲脉 d，带脉 e.任脉a8、“十四正经”是指( )a．“十二经脉加任、督脉 b．“十二经脉加冲、带脉 c.“十二经脉”加阴维、阳维脉d “十二经脉加阴跷、阳跷脉 e．“十二经脉”加冲、任脉b9、手太阴肺经起于( )a.上焦b．中焦 c．胸中 d．肺中 e．心中a10、列缺穴的简便取穴法为( )a．两手虎口交叉，食指尖所至凹陷处 b．两手虎口交叉，中指尖所至凹陷处c. 两手虎口交叉，无名指尖所至凹陷处 d．腕横纹上一横指e．腕横纹上二横指c11、下列名称中，不属于皮肤针的别名是( )a．梅花针 b．罗汉针 c.微针 d．七星针 e.小儿针d12、捻转补泻法中的补法是( )a．捻转角度大，频率慢，用力轻 b.捻转角度小，频率快，用力重c．捻转角度大，频率快，用力重 d. 捻转角度小，频率慢，用力轻 e.捻转角度小，频率慢，用力重 a13、晕针的直接原因是( )a．精神紧张 b．体质虚弱 c．饥饿疲劳 d．手法过重 e．脑部暂时缺血d14、.“一夫法”是指( )a．手指同身寸 b．中指同身寸 c．拇指同身寸 d．横指同身寸e．无名指同身寸 b15、募穴指的是( )a.脏腑经气汇聚于腰背部的腧穴 b．脏腑经气汇聚于胸腹部的腧穴 c.脏腑经气汇聚于头面部的腧穴 d．脏腑经气汇聚于下肢部的腧穴e．脏腑经气汇聚于上肢部的腧穴a．井 b．荥 c．输 d．经 e．合a17、腧穴可分为哪三大类a.经穴，奇穴，阿是穴b.经穴，奇穴，特定穴c.十二经穴，经外奇穴，阿是穴d.经穴，络穴，奇穴e.经穴，络穴，阿是穴c18、八会穴是指哪些精气所会聚的腧穴？a.气、血、脑、髓、筋、脉、胆、女子胞b.脏、腑、经、脉、气、血、阴、阳c.脏、腑、气、血、筋、脉、骨、髓d.气、血、脑、髓、津、神、脉、络e.脑、髓、脏、腑、脉、胆、筋、骨c19．耳穴采用毫针刺时，刺入深度的标准是( )a．刺入皮下 b．刺穿对侧皮肤 c．刺入皮肤，达软骨后毫针站立不摇动d．刺入皮肤，穿通软骨和对侧皮肤 e．刺入皮肤，穿通软骨b20.造成弯针的原因是( )a．患者过度劳累 b．针刺时向单一方向捻转太过 c．患者体位不适而有移动改变了姿势d．针前对针具失于检查 e.患者体质虚弱d21、下列哪项属于近部选穴（）a、头痛去膈腧b、脱肛取百会c、咳嗽取列缺d、鼻病选迎香e、鼻病选合谷（22-25共用选项）a.仰卧位b.俯伏坐位c.俯卧位d.侧俯坐位e.仰靠坐位 c22、针刺双侧环跳时体位宜为( )d23、针刺单侧听宫时体位宜为( )b24、针刺双侧风池时体位宜为( )a25、针刺关元时体位宜为( )（26-30共用选项）a. 百会b.风市c.膝眼d. 膻中e. 列缺f.三阴交g.血海d26、两乳头连线的中点（）b27、立正姿势，手中指端所至的股外取（）a28、两耳尖直上连线中点取（）e29、两手虎口交叉取（）g30、屈膝，在髌韧带两侧凹陷处取（）名词解释1又称十二经脉，在体内属络于脏腑，在体表左右对称地分布于头面、躯干和四肢，纵贯全身，它们是经络系统的主体。
医学考博2019真题
Listening：无Vocabulary：Section A31. According to the Geneva ______no prisoners of war shall be subject to abuse.A. CustomsB. CongressesC. ConventionsD. Routines32. Environmental officials insist that something be done to ______acid rain.A. curbB. sueC. detoxifyD. condemn33. It is impossible to say how it will take place, because it will happen______, and it will not be a long process.A. spontaneouslyB. simultaneouslyC. principallyD. approximately34. Diabetes is one of the most______ and potentially dangerous disease in the world.A. crucialB. virulentC. colossalD. prevalent35. Rheumatologist advises that those with ongoing aches and pains first seek medical help to ______the problem.A. affiliateB. alleviateC. aggravateD. accelerate36. How is it possible that such______ deception has come to take place right under our noses?A. obviousB. significantC. necessaryD. widespread37. Now a paper in Science argues that organic chemicals in the rock come mostly from ______on earth rather than bacteria on Mars.A. configurationB. constitutionC. condemnationD. contamination38. Chronic high-dose intake of vitamin A has been shown to have ______effects on bones.A. adverseB. prevalentC. instantD. purposeful39. Generally, vaccine makers _____ the virus in fertilized chicken eggs in a process that can take four to six months.A. penetrateB. designateC. generateD. exaggerate40. We are much quicker to respond, and we respond far too quickly by giving ______ to our anger.A. ventB. impulseC. temperD. offenceSection B41. The patient's condition has worsened since last night.A. improvedB. returnedC. deterioratedD. changed42. Beijing Television-Station Transmitting Tower really looks magnificent at night when it’s lit up.A. decoratedB. illustratedC. illuminatedD. entertained43. Attempts to restrict parking in the city centre have further aggravated the problem of traffic congestion.A. amelioratedB. aggregatedC. deterioratedD. duplicated44. The applications of genetic engineering are abundant and choosing one appropriate for this case can be rather difficult.A. sufficientB. plentifulC. adequateD. countable45. The defect occurs in the first eight weeks of pregnancy, though no one understands why.A. deficitB. deviationC. draw backD. discrepancy46. He has been on hormone alternate therapy for four years and looks fantastic.A. successorB. replacementC. surrogateD. choice47. It had over 2,000 apartment complexes, a great market, a large number of industrial workshops, an administrative center, a number of massive religious edifices, and a regular grid pattern of streets and buildings.A. ancientB. carefullyC. very largeD. carefully protected48. When patients spend extended periods in hospital, they tend to become overly dependent and lose interest in taking care of themselves.A. extremelyB. exclusivelyC. exactlyD. explicitly49. The anxious parent was vigilant over the injured child in spite of a full array of emergency room of doctors and nurses.A. preoccupiedB. unwaryC. watchfulD. dozing50. The doctor vacillated so frequently on disease-prevention techniques that his colleagues accused him of inconsistency.A. waveredB. instigatedC. experimentedD. reliedClozeWe spend a lot of time looking at the eyes of others for social 51 —it helps us understand a person’ emotions, and make decisions about how to respond to them. We also know that adults avoid eye contact when anxious. But researchers have known far 52 about eye gazing patterns in children.According to new research by Kalina Michalska, assistant professor of psychology at the University of California, Riverside, we now, know that anxious children tend to avoid making eye contact, and this has consequences for how they experience fear. The 53 and less frequently they look at the eyes of others, the more likely they are to be afraid of them, even when there may be no reason to be. Her study, “Anxiety Symptoms and Children's Eye Gaze During Fear Leaming”, was published in the journal The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry."Looking at someone’s eyes helps us understand whether a person is feeling sad, angry, fearful, or surprised. As adults, we then make decisions about how to respond and what to do next. But, we know much less about eye patterns in children—so, understanding those patterns can help us learn more about the development of social learning,” Michalska said.Michalska and the team of researchers showed 82 children, 9 to 13 years old, images of two women’s faces on a computer screen. The computer was equipped with an eye tracking device that allowed them to measure 54 on the screen children were looking, and for how long. The participants were originally shown each of the two women a total of four times. Next, one of the images was 55 with a loud scream and a fearful expression, and the other one was not. At the end, children sawboth faces again without any sound or scream.The following three conclusions can be drawn from the study:1. All children spent more time looking at the eyes of a face that was paired with the loud scream than the face that was not paired with the scream, 56 they pay attention to potential threats even in the absence of outward cues.2. Children who were more anxious avoided eye contact during all three phases of the experiment, for both kinds of faces. This had consequences for how afraid they were of the faces.3. The more children avoided eye contact；the more afraid they were 57 the faces.The conclusions suggest that children spend more time looking at the eyes of a face when previously paired with something frightening suggesting they pay more attention to potentially threatening information as a way to learn more about the situation and plan what to do next.However, anxious children tend to avoid making eye contact, which leads to greater 58 experience. Even though avoiding eye contact may reduce anxiety 59 , the study finds that—over time—children may be missing out 60_ important social information. This includes that a person may no longer be threatening or scary, and yet the child continues feeling fearful of that person.51. A. environment B. cues C. relations D. answers52. A. less B. more C. enough D. beyond53. A. longer B. more anxious C. shorter D. more54. A. where B. when C. how D. what55. A. followed B. recorded C. paired D. marked56. A. suggest B. suggesting C. suggests D. being suggested57. A. to B. of C.at D. about58. A. fear B. surprise C. sad D. angry59. A. in the long run B. for a long timeC. in the short timeD. in a long time60. A. with B. without C. of D. onReading ComprehensionPassage OneThe British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive “attachment” p eriod from birth to three may sca r a child’s personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life.Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby' s work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails, and many people do believe this. It has been argued that an infant under three who is cared for outside the home may suffer because of the separation from his parents. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.But traditional societies are so different from modem societies that comparisons based on just one factor are hard to interpret. Firstly, anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modem societies does notusually exist in traditional societies. For example, in some tribal societies, such as the Ngoni, the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone—far from it.Certainty, Bowlby’s analysis raises the possibilities that early day care had delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only explored by the use of statistics. However, statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the results would certainly be complicated and controversial. Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents, care-takers found children had problems with it. Thirdly, in the last decade, there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, and they have uniformly reported that care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on childre n’s development.Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy，and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter, then, is far from clear-cut, though experience and available evidence indicate early care is reasonable for infants.61. According to the passage, the consequence of parental separation________.A. still needs more statistical studiesB. has been found negative is more seriousC. is obviousD. in modem times62. The author thinks that John Bowlby’s concern___________.A. is relevant and justifiableB. is too strong to RelieveC. is utterly groundlessD. has something that deserve our attention63. What’s the result of American studies of children in day care in the last decade?A. The children’s unhappiness and protest was due to the day car e the children received.B. The bad effects of parental separation were hard to deal with.C. The effect of day care was not necessarily negative on children’s development.D. Early care was reasonable for babies since it’s practiced by so many people nowadays.64. According to the passage, which of the following is probably a reason for parents to send their children under three to day care?A. They don’t know about day care’s negative effect.B. They are too busy to care for their children.C. They want their children to be independent as early as possible.D. They want to facilitate their children to adapt to nursery at the age of about three.65. What’s the author’s attitude to people who have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby’s work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three?A. He supports most of their belief because Bowlby's proposition is well-grounded.B. He is sympathetic for them, for he thinks they have been misled by Bowlby.C. He doesn't totally agree with them, since the long-term effect of day care still needs further study.D. He doesn't quite understand them, as they are contradictory in themselves. Passage TwoBy the end of this century, the average world temperature is expected to increase between one and four degrees, with widespread effects on rainfall, sea levels and animal habitats. But in the Arctic, where the effects of climate change are most intense, the rise in temperature could be twice as much.Understanding how Arctic warming will affect the people, animals, plant and marine life and economi c activity in Canada’s North are important to the country's future, says Kent Moore, an atmospheric physicist at University of Toronto Mississauga who is participating in a long-term, international study of the marine ecosystem along the Beaufort Sea, from Alaska to the Mackenzie delta.The study will add to our knowledge of everything from the extent of sea ice in the region to how fish stocks will change to which areas could become targets for oil and gas exploration to the impact on the indigenous people who call this part of the country home.Moore, who has worked in the Arctic for more than 20 years, says his research hasalready found that thinning sea ice and changes in wind patterns are causing an important change in the marine food chain: phytoplankton（淳游植物）is blooming two to three weeks earlier. Many animals time their annual migration to the Arctic for when food is plentiful, and have not adapted to the earlier bloom. " ' Animals' behavior can evolve over a long time, but these climate changes are happening in the space of a decade, rather than hundreds of year s, ” says Moore, " Animals can't change their behavior that quickly. ”A warmer Arctic is expected to have important effects on human activity in the region, as the Northwest Passage becomes navigable during the summer, and resource extraction becomes more feasible. Information gained from the study will help government, industry and communities make decisions about resource management, economic development and environmental protection.Moore says the study—which involves Canadian, American and European researchers and government agencies will also use a novel technology to gather atmospheric data: remotely piloted drones. "The drones have the capability of a large research aircraft，and they’re easier to deploy,” he says, showing the researchers to gather information on a more regular basis than they would be able to with piloted aircraft.66. By the end of this century, according to the author, global warming will ______.A. start to bring about extreme weather events to humans and animalsB. increase the average world temperature by four degreesC. cause more damages to the whole world than expectedD. affect the Arctic more than any other parts of the earth67.To help understand the destructive mechanism of Arctic warming, as indicated by the passage, the international study ______.A. is conducted with every single discipline of University of TorontoB. pioneers in pursuing the widespread effects of climate changeC. involves so many countries for different investigationsD.is intended to deal with various aspects in research68. When he ways, “Animals can’t change their behavior that quickly,” what does Moore mean by that quickly?A. The migration of the animals to the Arctic.B. The widespread effects of global warming.C. The rate of the climate change in the Arctic.D.The phytoplankton within the marine ecosystem.69. According to the author, to carry out proper human activities in the Arctic______.A. becomes more difficult than ever beforeB. is likely to build a novel economy in the regionC. will surely lower the average world temperatureD. needs the research-based supporting information70. With the drones deployed, as Moore predicts, the researchers will _______.A. involve more collaborating countries than they do nowB. get more data to be required for their researchC. use more novel technologies in researchD. conduct their research at a regular basisPassage ThreeHaving too much caffeine during pregnancy may impair baby’s liver development and increase the risk of liver disease in adulthood, according to a study published in the Journal of Endocrinology. Pregnant rats given caffeine had offspring with lower birth weights, altered growth and stress hormone levels and impaired liver development. The study findings indicate that consumption of caffeine equivalent to 2-3 cups of coffee may alter stress and growth hormone levels in a manner that can impair growth and development, and increase the risk of liver disease in adulthood.Previous studies have indicated that prenatal caffeine intake of 300 mg/day or more in women, which is approximately 2 to 3 cups coffee per day, can result in lowerbirth weights of their children. Animal studies have further suggested that prenatal caffeine consumption may have more detrimental long-term effects on liver development with an increased susceptibility to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, a debilitating condition normally associated with obesity and diabetes. However, the underlying link between prenatal caffeine exposure and impaired liver development remains poorly understood. A better understanding of how caffeine mediates these effects could help prevent these health issues in people in the future.In this study, Prof Hui Wang and colleagues at Wuhan University in China, investigated the effects of low (equivalent to 2-3 cups of coffee) and high dose (equivalent of 6-9 cups of coffee) caffeine, given to pregnant rats, on liver function and hormone levels of their offspring. Offspring exposed to prenatal caffeine had lower levels of the liver hormone, insulin like growth factor (IGF-1), and higher levels of the stress hormone, corticosteroid at birth. However, liver development after birth showed a compensatory 'catch up' phase, characterised by increased levels of IGF-1, which is important for growth.Dr. Yinxian Wen, study co-author, says, “Our results indicate that prenatal caffeine causes an excess of stress hormone activity in the mother, which inhibits IGF-1 activity for liver development before birth. However, compensatory mechanisms do occur after birth to accelerate growth and restore normal liver function, as IGF-1 activity increases and stress hormone signalling decreases. The increased risk of fatty liver disease caused by prenatal caffeine exposure is most likely a consequence of this enhanced, compensatory postnatal IGF-1 activity. ”These findings not only confirm that prenatal caffeine exposure leads to lower birth weight and impaired liver development before birth but also expand our current understanding of the hormonal changes underlying these changes and suggest the potential mechanism for increased risk of liver disease in the future. However, these animal findings need to be confirmed in humans.Dr. Wen comments, "Our work suggests that prenatal caffeine is not good for babies and although these findings still need to be confirmed in people, I would recommend that women avoid caffeine during pregnancy."71. Which of the following is NOT the problem of baby rats of pregnant rats given caffeine?A. Lower birth weight.B. Smaller stress.C. Liver development problem.D. Growth problem.72. If a pregnant woman takes 3 cups of coffee, what will probably happen?A. Her weight will get lower and lower.B. The weight of her baby will get lower and lower.C. She will suffer from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a long run.D. Her baby will be more vulnerable to obesity and diabetes because of liver problem.73. Which of following is not correct according to the passage?A. A better understanding of the relationship between caffeine and effects has been achieved.B. 4-5 cups of coffee could be categorized as medium-dose intake.C. Liver development problem may be remedied after birth by increased growth factor.D. The study is mainly conducted on the rats instead of human.74. What is the relationship between stress hormone and liver development when taking in prenatal caffeine?A. Lower stress hormone, lower birth weight before birth.B. Higher stress hormone, lower growth hormone before birth.C. Higher stress hormone, more accelerated growth of weight after birth.D. Lower stress hormone, less accelerated growth of liver after birth.75. What can be the best summary of the last paragraph?A. The r esearch hasn’t been done on humans so pregnant women can ignore the results.B. The compensatory mechanism for liver growth makes prenatal caffeine intake safe.C. Experts suggest pregnant women should still avoid caffeine.D. We have known enough about the hormone changes underlying the health Passage FourThe bizarre antics of sleepwalkers have puzzled police, perplexed scientists, and fascinated writers for centuries. There is an endless supply of stories about sleepwalkers. Persons have been said to climb on steep roofs, solve mathematical problems, compose music, walk through plate-glass windows, and commit murder in their sleepHow many of these stories have a basis in fact, and how many are pure fakery? No one knows, but if some of the most sensational stories should be taken with a barrel of salt, others are a matter of record.In Revere, Massachusetts, a hundred policemen combed a waterfront neighborhood for a lost boy who left his home in his sleep and woke up five hours later on a strange sofa in a strange living room, with no idea how he had got there.There is an early medical record of a somnambulist who wrote a novel in his sleep. And the great French writer V oltaire knew a sleepwalker who once got out of bed, dressed himself, made a polite bow, danced a minuet, and then undressed and went back to bed.At the University of Iowa, a student was reported to have the habit of getting up in the middle of the night and walking three-quarters of a mile to the Iowa River. He would take a swim and then go back to his room to bed.The world's champion sleepwalker was supposed to have been an Indian, Pandit Ramrakha, who walked sixteen miles along a dangerous road without realizing that he had left his bed. Second in line for the title is probably either a Vienna housewife or a British farmer. The woman did all her shopping on busy streets in her sleep. The farmer, in his sleep, visited a veterinarian miles away.The leading expert on sleep in America claims that he has never seen asleepwalker. He is Dr. Nathaniel Kleitman, a physiologist at the University of Chicago. He is said to know more about sleep than any other living man, and during the last thirty-five years had lost a lot of sleep watching people sleep. Says he, "Of course, I know that there are sleepwalkers because I have read about them in the newspapers. But none of my sleepers ever walked, and if I were to advertise for sleepwalkers for an experiment, I doubt that I'd get many takers."Sleepwalking, nevertheless, is a scientific reality. Like hypnosis, it is one of those dramatic, eerie, awe-inspiring phenomena that sometimes border on the fantastic. It lends itself to controversy and misconceptions, what is certain about sleepwalking is that it is a symptom of emotional disturbance, and that the only way to cure it is to remove the worries and anxieties that cause it. Doctors say that somnambulism is much more common than is generally supposed. Some have estimated that there are four million somnambulists in the United States. Others set the figure even higher. Many sleepwalkers do not seek help and so are never put on record, which means that an accurate count can never be made.The simplest explanation of sleepwalking is that it is the acting out of a vivid dream. The dream usually comes from guilt, worry, nervousness, or some other emotional conflict. The classic sleepwalker is Shakespeare’s Lady Macbeth. Her nightly wanderings were caused by her guilty conscience at having committed murder. Shakespeare said of her, “The eyes are open but their sense is shut.”The age-old question is: Is the sleepwalker actually awake or asleep. Scientists have decided that he is about half-and-half. Like Lady Macbeth, he has weighty problems on his mind. Dr. Zeida Teplitz, who made a ten-year study of the subject, says, “So me people stay awake all night worrying about their problems. The sleepwalker thrashes them out in his sleep. He is awake in the muscular area, partially asleep in the sensory area." In other words, a person can walk in his sleep, move around, and do other things, but he does not think about what he is doing.76. The second sentence in the second paragraph means that_________.A. no one knows, but certainly all the sleep walking stories have something incredibleB. the sleepwalking stories are lik e salt adding flavor to people’s lifeC. sleepwalking stories that are most fantastic should be sorted out from ordinary storiesD. the most fantastic sleepwalking stories may be just fictions, yet there are still truthfully recorded stories77. ________was supposed to be the world's champion sleepwalker.A. The student habitually walked to the Iowa River and swam in his sleepB. The man danced a minuet in his sleepC. The man walker sixteen miles along a dangerous roadD. The boy walked five hours in his sleep78. Sleepwalking is the result of ______ according to the passage.A. emotional disorderB. a vivid dreamC. lack of sleep and great anxietyD. insanity79. Dr. Zeida Teplitz seemed to_________.A. agree that sleepwalking sometimes leads to dangerous actsB. conclude that sleepwalkers are awake in their sensory areaC. disagree with the belief that sleep walkers are immune to injuryD. think that sleepwalking can turn into madness80. The writer makes it obvious that_________.A. sleepwalkers are often awakened by dangersB. most sleepwalkers can find ways to avoid self-injuryC. it is important to find out the underlying cause of sleepwalkingD. sleepwalking is actually a kind of hypnosisPassage FiveBeyond the basic animal instincts to seek food and avoid pain, Freud identified two sources of psychic e nergy, which he called "drives”: aggression and libido. The key to his theory is that these were unconscious drives, shaping our behavior without the mediation of our waking minds; they surface, heavily disguised, only in our dreams. The work of the past half-century in psychology and neuroscience has been to downplay the role of unconscious universal drives, focusing instead on rational processes in conscious life. But researchers have found evidence that Freud s drives really do exist, and they have their roots in the limbic system, a primitive part of the brain that operates mostly below the horizon of consciousness. Now more commonly referred to as emotions, the modem suite of drives comprises five: rage, panic, separation distress, lust and a variation on libido sometimes called seeking.The seeking drive is proving a particularly fruitful subject for researchers. Although like the others it originates in the limbic system, it also involves parts of the forebrain, the seat of higher mental functions. In the 1980s, Jaak Panksepp, a neurobiologist at Bowling Green State University in Ohio, became interested in a place near the cortex known as the ventraltegmental area, which in humans lies just above the hairline. When Panksepp stimulated the corresponding region in a mouse, the animal would sniff the air and walk around, as though it were looking for something. Was it hungry? No. The mouse would walk right by a plate of food, or for that matter any other object Panksepp could think of. This brain tissue seemed to cause a general desire for some thing new. “What I was seeing,”he says, “was the urge to do stuff. ” Panksepp called this seeking.To neuropsychologist Mark Solms of University College in London, that sounds very much like libido. “Freud needed some sort of general, appetitive desire to seek pleasure in the world of objects,” says Solms. "Panksep p discovered as a neuroscientist what Freud discovered psychologically.” Solms studied the same region of the brain for his work on dreams. Since the 1970s, neurologists have known that dreaming takes place during a particular form of sleep known as REM—rapid eye movement—which is associated with a primitive part of the brain known as the pons. Accordingly, they regarded dreaming as a low-level phenomenon of no great psychological interest. When Solms looked into it, though, it turned out that the key。