逻辑关系及常用标志词

逻辑关系及常用标志词

1.并列

and；and also；or；neither…nor(既不…也不)；either…or(二者选一)；not only…but also；likewise(同样的)；

similarly(相似的)；equally(同样的)；in the same as(和…一样)；as well as

2.递进

also；then；besides；additionally；in addition；furthermore；moreover；what is more(之前都表示此外;而且的意思)；indeed(的确确实)

3.因果

because；for；since(既然)；as(因为;由于)；thus(因此)；hence(因此)；therefore(因此)；so(因此)；so…that；

such…that；in order that；consequently(结果)；accordingly(因此)；due to(由于)；thanks to(多亏)；in response to(对于…的回应)；on account of(由于)；because of；considering that(鉴于…原因)；seeing that(鉴于…原因)；

in that(可换because)；now that(既然)；as a result；for this reason

4.转折

But(口语常用,语气强,泛指与前情况相反)；however(弱于but,连接性较弱,常作插入语)；yet(常用于否定句语气比still强,指不管做什么都达不到预期效果)；contrarily(相反的)；on the contrary(相反的)；by contrast(相反的)；

unfortunately(不幸的)

5.对比

While(当…时候;程度弱,可与whereas互换,可后加省略句)；whereas(然而;不可加省略句)；as；A rather than B(是A不是B)；instead of；not A but B(不是A而是B)

6.让步

although；though；even though；even if；even；despite(+句子)；in spite of(+词/短语)；regardless of(+词/短语)；anyway；anyhow(可以加句子)；

7.列举

first；second；last；in the first place；finally；to begin with；to continue；first…then；on the one hand；on the other hand；for one thing…for another；one…another(一方面…另一方面)；some…others…still others(列举观点)

8.时间

when；whenever；before；after；since(自…以来)；as(当…时候)；while；until；till；simultaneously(同时)；

meanwhile(同时)；in the meantime(同时)；at the same time(同时)

9.条件

if；only if(只要)；if only(干扰项)；unless；otherwise；as soon as；as long as(只要)；in case(防止)；suppose that(假设)；supposing that；provided that；providing that(假设)

10.举例

such as；for example；for instance；to illustrate(解释)；as an illustration(解释)；namely(也就是说)；to take an example；specifically speaking(具体而言)