19年中考英语真题 分类 专题19.3 短文填空(自由填空)(第01期)(解析版)
19年中考英语真题 分类 专题19.1 短文填空(首字母填空)(第01期)(解析版)
（2019 年中考真题英语分项汇编专题 19 短文填空考点 1 首字母填空P assage 1（2019 •天津市）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整．每空限填一词。
The villagers in Mhangeni ， Africa ． faced a very big challenge （挑战）．They didn 't have a school for theirkids ．Then the village elder thought of an （1）i． He said that there was an old ， abandoned （废弃的）farmhouse ． It could be changed into classrooms after cleaning and furnishing 装设备）it ． All the villagers were （2）p leased with his suggestion and started the project immediately ． The p arents repaired the brok enwalls ． Some villagers （3）dthe house into three classrooms by using pieces of wood ． The others helpedmak e desks and chairs for the students ． S till ， t here was much more work to do ． B ut the rains were coming ． Theyhad to （4）sworking for the school as it was now the best time for them to plant ．So the children of Mhangeni decided to finish the house by （5）t．They had to hurry as summer had ended and other schools had already opened ．They didn 't want to delay （耽搁） their studies ． Every day they werebusy with cutting the grass and clearing the bushes （灌木）．The news about the project （6）sand many people knew it ． T wo teachers who work ed for the country'sDep artment of Education arrived to help out ． a nd two foreign visitors were also t ouche d （感动） b y the children 's（7）a．They donated mon ey for them to buy textbooks and stationery ．After 10 days of har d work ， the new school was （8）r．The kids were very happy but a bit worried ﹣they were behind in their studies ．Besides （除…之外）this ， they also faced many （9）d．There were not enough classrooms to hold allthe students ． And two or three students had to share one book ．However ， the children are happy to study in school ﹣（10）ein their new school which they helped tobuild ． Though their school might not be modern ， their dream of having a school near their homes has come true ．【答案与解析】【文章大意】非洲 Mhangeni 的村民面临一个严重的问题．他们村子没有学校，他们一起努力给孩子们建了一所学校，虽然学校很简陋，但是孩子们还是很开心能在学校学习．id s sd 2 r1．idea 【解析】考查名词；分析语境，此处表示：村子里的老者想出来一个主意． 开头的单词，idea 意见，想法．符合语境．故答案为：idea ．2．pleased 【解析】考查形容词；分析语境，此处表示：所有的村民对他的建议很满意，并开始开始了这个工厂．p 开头的单词，pleased 满意的，be pleased with 对……满意．符合语境．故答案为：pleased ．3． divided 【解析】考查动词；分析语境，此处表示：有一些村民用一些木板把房子分成几个教室． 开头的单词，divide 分开，divide ……into 把……分成……符合语境．根据语境，需要使用一般过去时，divide的过去式为 divided ．故答案为：divided ．4．stop 【解析】考查动词；分析语境，此处表示：他们不得不停止工作，因为现在对他们来说，是最好的种植的时间． 开头，stop 停止，stop doing 停止做．符合语境．had to 后面接动词原形．故答案为：stop ．5．themselves 【解析】考查反身代词；分析语境，此处表示：所以，Mhangeni 的孩子们决定自己完成这个房子，themselves 他们自己，符合语境．故答案为：themselves ．6．spr ead 【解析】考查动词；此处意思为：关于这个项目的消息传播出去，很多人都知道它了． 开头，spr ead 传播，符合语境．根据语境，此处需要用一般过去时，spr ead 的过去式是 spr ead ．故答案为：spread ．7．actions 【解析】考查名词；分析语境，此处表示：而且，两个外国游客也被孩子们的行动感动了．a开头的词，action 行动，可数名词，此处表示孩子们的行动，用可数名词的复数形式．故答案为：actions ．8．ready 【解析】考查形容词；分析语境，此处表示：经过 10 天的努力工作后，新学校已经准备好了．r开头的词，ready 准备好的．符合语境．故答案为：ready ．9．difficulties 【解析】考查名词；分析语境，此处表示：除此之外，他们还面临了很多困难． 开头，difficulty困难，可数名词，前面有 many ，此处需要用名词复数形式．difficulty 的复数形式是 difficulties ．故答案为：difficulties ．10．especially 【解析】考查副词；分析语境，此处表示：然而，孩子们很开心在学校里学习﹣﹣尤其是在他们帮助建的新学校里．e 开头的词，especially 尤其．符合语境．故答案为：especially ．【点评】此类题目，需要分析语境，并且需要熟记单词，再结合语法结构，便可得出正确答案．Passage （2019 •湖北省武汉市）阅读下面短文，在空白处写出各单词的正确形式，单词的第一个字母已给出。
2019年中考英语短文填空真题8篇(带详细答案)
2019年中考英语短文填空真题8篇(名师精选全国真题+实战训练，建议下载练习)一．填空题（共8小题）1．（2018•真题）With the development of modern technology，digital devices（数码设备）have been seen everywhere．People often check what is （1）h appening in the world on the Internet，keep in touch with friends through emails，or even start to read e﹣books．（2）H owever，many people still prefer paper books to e﹣books because they think that brains work （3）b etter when reading paper books．Now，some scientists have come up with some （4）d ifferent ideas．They believe how brains work is not greatly affected by the way people read，but depends on the following factors（因素）．They （5）i nclude the type and content of reading materials，the （6）p urpose of reading．etc．When people read for entertainment，like news about star families or （7）f unny stories，reading paper books or e﹣books makes no difference．When people read to gain （8）k nowledge about science，reading paper books is more helpful．Brains need longer to deal with harder problems．Usually，taking notes by （9）h and on paper books takes longer than typing（打字）notes out on digital devices．So it's （10）e asy for you to remember key points when you read paper books．Next time，when you read e﹣books about science，just remember to slow down and give your brain more time．【解答】1．happening；考查现在分词．句意"人们经常在网上查看世界上__的事情"．根据首字母提示，可知，应该是"发生"．表示现在正在进行的动作，用现在进行时态，结构是is/am/are+动词的现在分词．填happen的现在分词happening．2．However；考查连词．句意"__，许多人仍然喜欢纸质书胜过电子书"．根据上一句People often check what is happening in the world on the Internet，keep in touch with friends through emails，or even start to read e﹣books人们经常在网上查阅世界上发生的事情，通过电子邮件与朋友保持联系，甚至开始阅读电子书．及首字母提示，可知，表示转折，用However然而．3．better；考查比较级．句意"然而，许多人仍然喜欢纸质书，而不是电子书，因为他们认为在阅读纸质书时大脑工作得___"．根据首字母提示，可知，应该是"更好"．两者比较，且修饰动词work工作．用副词well的比较级better．4．different；考查形容词．句意"一些科学家提出了一些___想法"．根据下一句They believe how brains work is not greatly affected by the way people read，but depends on the following factors（因素）．他们相信大脑如何工作并不受人们阅读方式的影响，而是取决于以下因素．及首字母提示，可知，应该是"不同的"．修饰名词ideas想法．用形容词different．5．include；考查动词．句意"它们__阅读材料的种类和内容"．根据上一句but depends on the following factors而是取决于以下因素．及首字母提示，可知，应该是"包括"．主语they它们．一般现在时态，谓语动词用原形include．6．purpose；考查名词．句意"它们包括阅读材料的种类和内容，阅读的__"．根据首字母提示，可知，应该是"目的"．the purpose of…"…的目的"．填purpose．7．funny；考查形容词．句意"当人们阅读娱乐节目时，比如说关于明星家庭的新闻或__故事"．根据首字母提示，可知，应该是"有趣的"．修饰名词stories 故事．用形容词funny．8．knowledge；考查名词．句意"当人们阅读去获得科学__时，阅读纸质书籍更有帮助"．根据首字母提示，可知，应该是"知识"．填不可数名词knowledge．9．hand；考查名词．句意"通常，在纸质书上用___写笔记要比在数字设备上输入笔记更费时"．根据首字母提示，可知，应该是"手"．一只手写字，用单数名词hand．10．easy；考查形容词．句意"所以当你读纸质书时，你很___记住要点"．根据上一句Usually，taking notes by hand on paper books takes longer than typing （打字）notes out on digital devices通常，在纸质书上用手写笔记要比在数字设备上输入笔记更费时．及首字母提示，可知，应该是"容易的"．it is+形容词+for sb to do sth对某人来说，做某事是…填形容词easy．2．（2017•真题）One day，when a boy named Ted returned from school in a hurry，his mother complained，"It is six o'clock，and your school c（46）loses at four ﹣where have you been？""Oh，mom，" said Ted，"when we play ball games，we f （47）orget everything else．We don't think of the time．Is supper ready？"The boy's mother believed him．Ted's a（48）nswer led her to think that he had been playing with his classmates．But he hadn't been playing at all．He had been "kept in" by the school librarian，because he had made the l（49）ibrary in a complete mess．He didn't like to tell his mother about that．He wished her to think that he had been playing．"What a s（50）hame it is for you to try to deceive（欺骗）your mother!" said something in Ted's heart，as he q （51）uickly sat down to his supper．"I don't care，" said the boy to h（52）imself．"I don't care．I didn't tell a lie ﹣I didn't say that I was playing．""But，" said the voice，"you used words which m（53）ade your mother think that you had been playing，and that was s （54）imilar to what you had said so．""I didn't tell a lie．" said Ted．Did Ted tell a lie，or did he not？What do you think？If we use words which can deceive others，we tell a lie；and Ted's lie was a bad one，for it sounded so like the t （55）ruth．A lie that sounds true is the worst kind of lie．【解答】46．closes．考查动词．句意"现在是六点，你们学校四点___"．根据首字母提示，可知，应该是"关闭"．这里直接引语用一般现在时态，主语school 单数．谓语动词用colse的第三人称单数closes．47．forget．考查动词．句意"当我们打球时，我们__了其他一切"．根据下一句We don't think of the time我们不考虑时间．及首字母提示，可知，应该是"忘记"．主语we我们．直接引语用一般现在时态，谓语动词用原形forget．48．answer．考查名词．句意"Ted的__使她认为他一直在和同学们玩"．根据46空后where have you been？你去哪里了？及首字母提示，可知，应该是"回答"．名词所有格Ted's修饰名词，这里指一个问题的答案，用单数answer．49．library．考查名词．句意"因为他把__搞得一团糟"．根据上一句He had been "kept in" by the school librarian他被学校图书馆员"留住"了．及首字母提示，可知，应该是"图书馆"．填单数名词library．50．shame．考查名词．句意"你欺骗你母亲真是太___"．根据首字母提示，可知，应该是"羞耻"．a修饰单数名词shame．51．quickly．考查副词．句意"他___坐下来吃晚饭"．根据上一句"What a same it is for you to try to deceive（欺骗）your mother!" said something in Ted's heart"你欺骗你母亲真是太羞辱了"Ted的心里说．及首字母提示，可知，想要吃饭来掩盖说谎的羞耻．因此应该是"快速地"，修饰动词用副词quickly．52．himself．考查代词．句意"‘我不在乎，'男孩对___说"．根据51空前said something in Ted's heart在Ted的心里说了些什么．及首字母提示，可知，应该是"他自己"．填反身代词himself．53．made．考查动词．句意"你用那些___你妈妈认为你一直在玩的话"．根据首字母提示，可知，make sb do让某人做…一般过去时态，用make的过去式made让．54．similar．考查搭配．句意"这和你说过的话很__"．根据52空后I don't care．I didn't tell a lie ﹣I didn't say that I was playing我不在乎，我没有说谎，我没有说我在玩．可知，他又对心里的自己说谎．因此和对妈妈撒谎的话是"相似的"．be similar to与…相似．填similar．55．truth．考查名词．句意"Ted的谎言很糟糕，因为听起来像是___"．及首字母提示，可知，应该是"事实"，定冠词the修饰不可数名词truth．3．（2016•真题）根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词．When you have dinner，you follow table manners．When you have a （1）l esson，you obey the rules in the classroom．But have you ever thought about needing to （2）m ind your manners in the digital（数码的）world when youuse phones，e﹣mails and social media，like QQ，WeChat，etc？As new research by Oxford University noted，"It's just important to treat people with respect online as it is in real life．"The stydy came up with some rules of good manners to live by in the digital age．Their first （3）a dvice is not"over﹣sharing"on social media，which means not posting every detail about your life online，because some of us are not creative （4）e nough to always show off our thoughts and lives on social media．The manners also（5）i nclude not looking through others'phones and not gossiping（说闲话）about others over messages，（6）e specailly when you choose"reply all"to send a message to a group of people．Although gossip is not（7）h armful chat that can make conversations exciting，it can also be a way to spread something untrue about other people．Gossip can be even stronger on social media than in real life，so it's （8）b etter not to gossip．Moreover，when you have bad news for someone，do not leave text messages on social media，chat with him or her by （9）c alling or sending personal messages．Nowadays technology has （10）o ffered us different ways to contact others．It is important to remember hwo to behave toward others online．【解答】1．lesson．根据句意可知：当你上课的时候，你应该遵守教室里的规则．故填：lesson．2．mind．根据句意可知：但是你曾经想过在数字世界中使用手机、电子邮件、像QQ、微信等社交软件时需要介意你的礼仪吗？故填：mind．3．advice．根据上文："The stydy came up with some rules of good manners to live by in the digital age．"可知在数字时代，这项研究提出了一些规则．以及空白处的句意：他们的第一个建议是不在社交软件上过分分享．故填：advice．4．enough．根据句意可知：因为我们中的一些人在社交网站炫耀我们的想法和生活不够有创造力．这里的"enough"作副词，意为"充足地、足够地"用来修饰形容词，通常置于被修饰词之后．故填：enough．5．include．根据句意可知：这些礼仪也包括不浏览其他人的照片、不对他人的信息说闲话．故填：include．6．especially．根据上文："The manners also（50）i ncludenot looking throughothers'phones and not gossiping（说闲话）about others over messages"可知这些礼仪也包括不浏览其他人的照片、不对他人的信息说闲话．以及空白处：尤其是当你选择"全部回复"发送给一群人时．故填：especially．7．harmful．根据句意可知："即便说八卦也不是有害的聊天，它可以使对话变得更加刺激．"故填：harmful．8．better．根据上文："Gossip can be even stronger on social media than in real life"可知在社交媒体上，八卦甚至比现实生活更为强大，所以空白处为：不说八卦更好些．故填：better．9．calling．根据句意可知：当你有某人的坏消息时，不要在社交软件上留下文字信息，可以通过打电话或者私信和他（她）聊天．故填：calling．10．offered．根据句意可知：现在的技术提供给我们不同的联系他人的方式．故填：offered．4．（2015•真题）Do you remember how you get your English name？Your English teacher gave it to you or you looked up the （46）d ictionary to get it？Have you ever thought （47）w hether your English name will bring you good luck or bad luck？A～study found a name that others felt difficult to pronounce might （48）1 nfluence a persons future．The study shows that the （49）a easier your name is to pronounce，the more trustworthy（值得信赖的）people will think you are The research also shows that people with more familiar（熟悉的）names are probably to hold higher positions in（50）s ociety．In other words，a weird（古怪的）name may prevent someone from going to be a （51）1eader or a boss．You may think about your name again．If your first name sounds strange and you can't （52）c hange it，you can do as the Following （53）s uggestionsTry using a middle name if it's not hard to pronounce If you don't have a middle name，you can use a nickname（绰号）And when you get to the interview，you can （54）e xplain that you often use a nickname because people find your （55）r eal name difficult to pronounce．Your name may mean more than you think．【解答】46．答案：dictionary；该题考查名词辨析；句意：是你英语老师给你取的还是你查字典得到的？由look up可以推测出"查字典"，根据首字母d；可知该空应填dictionary，字典；故填：dictionary．47．答案：whether；该题考查连词辨析；句意：你想过你的英文名会给你带来好运还是坏运吗？根据句意，在good luck与bad luck两者间作选择，whether…or…：是…还是…．结合首字母w可知该空应填whether．故填：whether．48．答案：influence；该题考查动词辨析；句意：一份新的研究显示一个别人感到拼读的名字可能影响一个人的未来．把name，future联系起来，可以推测出填"影响"，结合给出的首字母i可知该空应填influence，影响；情态动词might的后面用动词原形；故填：influence．49．答案：easier；该题考查形容词比较级；句意：研究显示你的名字越容易拼读，就认为你越值得信赖．根据上句的句意：难拼读的名字影响人的未来，可以推出越容易拼的字越觉得可以依赖，the+比较级，the+比较级，越…就越…，结合给出的首字母e，故填形容词easy的比较级：easier．50．答案：society；该题考查名词辨析；句意：研究也显示出在一个社团里有越熟悉名字的人可能有更高的位置．从句子结构上可以分析出in a…短语指的是一个范围，由"人们有较高位置的"可以进一步推测出"社团，组织"，结合给出的首字母s，故填society．51．答案：leader；该题考查名词辨析；句意：一个古怪的名字可能阻止一个人成为领袖或老板．从句意可以知道这里填名词，与boss老板相并列，可以推测出填"领导"，结合给出的首字母l，可知该空应填leader，领导；根据句中的冠词a，可知用单数形式；故填：leader．52．答案：change；该题考查动词辨析；句意：如果你的名字听起来怪而且你不能改，你可以听从如下建议．名字"不好"时，人们首先想到的是改名字，结合给出的首字母c，可知该空应填动词change，改变；情态动词can't的后面用动词原形；故填：change．53．答案：suggestions；该题考查名词辨析；句意：如果你的名字听起来怪而且你不能改，你可以听从如下建议．下文就是给人们名字不好又不能改时提的建议，结合给出的首字母s，可知该空应填suggestions，该词是可数名词，结合句意，应填复数形式；故填：suggestions．54．答案：explain；该题考查动词辨析；句意：当有人问你时，你可以解释说因为人们发现你的真名难以拼读，你经常使用绰号．根据句意，当人们问及你为什么用绰号时，你会解释说明，根据给出的首字母e，可知该空应填动词explain，解释；情态动词can的后面用动词原形；故填：explain．55．答案：real；该题考查形容词辨析；句意：当有人问你时，你可以解释说因为人们发现你的真名难以拼读，你经常使用绰号．根据短文内容，解释的是不用真名而用绰号的原因：真名难以拼读，应用形容词real修饰name．结合给出的首字母r，可知该空应填real，真实的；故填：real．5．（2014•真题）根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词．使短文意思完整，每空一词．More and more families like to keep dogs as pets．But not all dog owners think of others while they are walking their dogs．So many towns and cities around the world （46）f ace a mess of left﹣behind feces（粪便）from dogs．In February of this year，a town in France started a new （47）p lan/project to teach dog owners a lesson．The （48）g overment sent about 20volunteers to search the streets carefully，looking for humans who wouldn't clean up after their dogs．The volunteers who seemed to have no （49）c lear/certain aim would then move nearer to the pet owner，then start a conversation in order to get the dog's name．"（50）W ith the name of the dog and its type，we can （51）e asily discover the owner from the registered（登记）database（信息库）held in the town hall．"an officer （52）e xplained．The volunteers would then pick up the dog feces and the package would be （53）p osted to the pet owner's house．In the past few （54）m onths，the town has seen a 70% decrease减少）in the amount of dog feces left on public streets．Maybe many cities in our country can follow its （55）e xample．In this way there will be fewer complaints about dog owners．【解答】46．答案：face 考查动词根据本空之前So many towns and citiesaround the world（世界上非常多的城镇和城市），之后为a mess of left﹣behind feces（粪便）from dogs（狗粪便的脏乱场面），且根据首字母f，可猜测此处为动词"面临"：face．且句子表述的是一个一般性的事实，故填动词原形face．47．答案：plan/project 考查名词根据本空之后"teach dog owners a lesson"（教训下狗的主人）及下文政府派出志愿者在街道上搜寻等一系列活动，可推测开始了一个新的计划（plan）或是项目（project）．前有冠词an，故用名词单数．故填plan/project48．答案：goverment 考查名词根据首字母g，联系…sent about 20volunteers to search the streets carefully可知，此处表达的是"政府派出20名志愿者到街上仔细搜寻"，故填goverment．表达"政府"之意，名词用单数即可．49．答案：clear/certain 考查形容词根据本句前面一句话表达的意思是"政府派出了大约20名志愿者在街道仔细搜索，寻找不及时清理掉狗粪便的主人"和设空处后面的名词aim，我们可以判断，志愿者没有明确的（清晰的）的目标，所以填形容词clear或certain．50．答案：With 考查介词结合首字母W和后面一句we can （51）…discover the owner from the registered（登记）database（信息库）held in the town hall 的句意"我们可以…从镇政府大厅里已登记的信息库中发现这个主人"可知这里是指用狗的名字和类型来查找狗主人的名字，所以填介词with"用"．51．答案：easily 考查副词结合首字母e，联系上文的条件With the name of the dog and its type，可知有了狗的名字和种类，所以就可以很容易的从镇政府大厅里已登记的信息库中发现这个主人．"故缺少easy的副词形式easily修饰动词discover．故填easily52．答案：explained 考查动词结合首字母e和前面的句子官员说的话，可推测表达是"一个官员解释道"，且表述的是过去的事情，所以用动词explain 过去式explained．故填explained53．答案：posted 考查动词结合首字母p根据关键部分the package would be （53）p…to the pet owner's house抓住关键词packages并联系上下文可知装有狗狗粪便的包裹是以邮寄的方式寄给狗的主人的，所以这里是指"这个包裹会被寄到狗主人的家"，主语package是动作post的承受者，结合would这里用过去将来时的被动语态，would+be+过去分词．故填post（邮寄）过去分词posted．54．答案：months 考查名词设空处所在的短语作时间状语，根据表时间的名词和首字母m确定表达的是"在过去的几个月里"，注意此处需用month的复数形式months．故填months55．答案：example 考查名词联系上文可知法国小镇处理狗狗粪便的方法是一个成功的例子，结合首字母e判断本句的句意是"或许我们国家的许多城市可以效仿这个例子"，故填名词example．由于文章中介绍的是法国一个小城镇的做法，所以此处的example 用单数即可．故填：example 6．（2013•真题）Twelve years ago．I learned an important life lesson in the back of a taxi in the New York City．I got into a taxi and we drove to Grand Central Station．While we were d（46）riving in the right lane（车道），a black car s（47）uddenly jumped out ofa parking space just in front of us．My taxi driver slammed on his brakes（猛踩刹车），skidded（打滑）and missed the other car by several inches!The driver of the other car，the guy who almost caused a big a（48）ccident，started saying bad words at us．My taxi driver just smiled and waved at the guy．I asked him．"W（49）hy did you just do that？This guy almost hit your car andcould have sent us to h（50）ospital!"He said．"Many people are like rubbish trucks（卡车）．They run around full of rubbish．They need a place to dump it．When someone w （51）ants to dump on you，just smile，wave，wish them well，and move on．You'll be happier if you do like that"．I thought his words were very m（52）eaningful．I couldn't help askingmyself．"How often do I a （53）llow this kind of people to dump rubbish on me？And how often do I take their rubbish and spread it onto other people：at work，at home，on the streets？''On that day I r（54）ealized．"I'm not going to do it any more．"Since then．I have started to see people like rubbish trucks e（55）verywhere．And like my taxi driver，I just smile，wave，wish them well，and then I move on．【解答】46．driving 考查动词，根据in the right lane（车道）在正确的车道，说明是在车道上行驶，结合首字母，推出动词"drive驾驶"符合题意，结合前面的were，推出是过去进行时，其结构是was/were+doing，故填driving．47．suddenly 考查副词，根据jumped out of a parking space just in front of us．从停车位窜出来，正好在我们前面，这种情景应该是突然地，结合首字母，推出是副词"suddenly突然地"符合题意，意思是在我们前面突然窜出来一辆车，故填suddenly．48．accident 考查名词，根据almost caused a big a差点引起一场大的…，结合前面描述，可知是几乎引起了一场大的交通事故，结合首字母，推出是"accident事故"符合题意，前面的冠词a说明是单数，故填accident．49．why 考查副词，根据后文司机的话，是在解释他所做事情的原因，所以此处应该是我问他"为什么那样做"结合首字母，why为什么，符合题意，故填why．50．hospital 考查名词，根据This guy almost hit your car 这个家伙几乎撞到了你的车，可推测出被撞上的结果是受伤住院，结合首字母，推出是"hospital 医院"符合题意，故填hospital．51．wants 考查动词，根据They need a place to dump it他们需要一个地方来倾倒，结合后面的不定式to dump以及首字母"w"，推出是want，want to do sth 想做某事，句意是"当有人向往你身上投放垃圾时，要微笑、挥手，祝福他们"，someone做主语，动词用三单式，故填wants．52．meaningful 考查形容词，根据I thought his words were 我认为他说的话，结合I couldn't help asking myself我禁不住反思自己，可知我感觉到了他说的话是"meaningful有意义的"，句意是"我认为他的话很有意义"，故填meaningful．53．allow 考查动词，根据后面句型how often do I take their rubbish and spread it onto other people我会多久把他们的垃圾传播到别人身上，推出此处是对应句"我多久允许比人忘我身上倾倒垃圾一次"，"allow允许"符合题意．do后面接动词原形，故填allow．54．realized 考查动词，根据后文．"I'm not going to do it any more．"我不打算这样做，可知这是作者领悟到的，结合首字母，推出"realize意识到"符合题意，结合时态为一般过去时，故填realized．55．everywhere 考查副词，根据people like rubbish trucks 像垃圾车一样的人，可知这种人到处都是，结合首字母，推出everywhere到处，符合题意，故填everywhere．7．（2012•真题）A tobacconist （烟草商）left the snowy streets of Chicago for a holiday in Florida．His wife was on a business trip and wanted to m（46）eet him there the next day．When he reached his hotel and checked in the room that he booked three days a （47）go，he decided to send his wife a quick e﹣mail．But he forgot to keep her e﹣mail a（48）ddress in his computer．He looked at the keyboard and made an effort to type it in from m（49）emory/ind．Unluckily，he missed one l （50）etter and his e﹣mail was sent instead to an elderly farmer's wife．Her h （51）usband had passed away only the day before．When the sad wife t（52）urned on the computer to check her e﹣mail，she took one look at the screen，let out a scream，felt so f（53）rightened and fell to the floor in a dead faint （不省人事）．At the sound，her family rushed into the room i（54）mmediately and saw this note on the screen：Dearest wife，I've just got checked in．E（55）verything is prepared for your arrival tomorrow．I'm looking forward to seeing you down here．【解答】46meet 47．ago 48．address 49．memory/mind 50．letter 51，．husband 52．turned 53．frightened 54．immediately 55．Everything46．答案：meet，根据该句意思可知他的妻子想在第二天在那儿和他见面汇合，want to do sth．"想要做某事"，meet"见面"，故填meet．47．答案：ago，根据上下文内容，他检查了三天前他预订的房间，并决定给他的妻子发邮件，三天前"three days ago"，故填ago"以前，之前"．48．答案：address，根据句意，可知该句是说他忘记了在他的电脑里记下他妻子的邮箱地址，address"地址，住址"，故填address．49．答案：memory/mind，根据上下文内容可知该句是说他看着键盘努力地从他的记忆里/头脑里回想他妻子的邮箱地址，memory"记忆"/mind"头脑，心智"，故填memory/mind．50．答案：letter，根据上下文内容，可知该句意思是说他努力地想，但不幸的是，他漏掉了一个字母，结果这封邮件被发送到那个老农夫的妻子那里，letter"字母"，故填letter．51．答案：husband，根据上下文内容，可知该句是说恰巧她的丈夫一天前刚去世，所以后来看到信件内容吓晕了过去，husband"丈夫"，故填husband．52．答案：turned，根据句意，当这位伤心的妻子打开电脑检查她的邮件时，turn on 固定短语"打开（电脑，电视等）"，根据文章所介绍的故事，可知本文是一般过去时，故填turned．53．答案：frightened，根据上文内容，因为她的丈夫刚刚去世，而她看到的信件内容是她丈夫发给她的发出尖叫声，感觉很害怕，frightened"害怕，恐惧"，故填frightened．54．答案：immediately，根据句意，听到声音她的家人立即冲进房间，immediately"立即，马上"，故填immediately．55，答案：Everything，根据句意，我刚刚检查入住，为你明天的到来一切准备好了，everything"一切"，故填everything．8．（2010•真题）Some western countries insist that China is one of the world's biggest greenhouse gas emitters （温室气体排放者）．But in fact our government has taken actions （46）a ctively to struggle with climate change．Firstly，the public are educated to （47）p ay more attention to the environment．As the government expects，the people have reached a very （48）h igh level of knowing low﹣carbon economy（低碳经济）．（49）I f youwatch TV，listen to the radio or read newspapers，you'll find low﹣carbon lifestyle has become a fashion．Secondly，developing renewable energy is another action．The government is（50）b uilding many wind farms and solar power stations in the deserts．Of course，（51）w ithin a long time，China will continue using the coal．At the same time，the government has been making（52）l aws to punish those people who dare to destroy the environment．Besides，some （53）s cientists have suggested that greening the deserts is more important thandeveloping new forms of energy．Their（54）l atest research shows that 80% of the CO2 in the atmosphere comes from land use．As we know，China hasn't （55）a chieved a balance between the green lifestyle and the economic growth，but we are on the way．We'll take more actions to reduce the greenhouse gas emission．【解答】46．答案：actively．考查副词．根据But in fact our government has taken actions但事实上，我们的政府已经采取行动．可知应该用副词actively积极地．表示"积极地采取行动"．用actively．47．答案：pay．考查动词．pay more attention to更加注意、更加重视．固定搭配．不定式to后用动词原形pay．48．答案：high．考查形容词．根据pay more attention to the environment更多的重视环境．可知应该是"人们了解低碳经济已经到了一个非常高的水平"，用high高的．49．答案：If．考查引导词．根据you watch TV，listen to the radio or read newspapers你看电视，听收音机或看报纸．是"you'll find low﹣carbon lifestyle has become a fashion你会发现低碳生活方式已经成为一种时尚"的条件．因此用if引导条件状语从句．主句用一般将来时态，从句用一般现在时态．因此用if如果．50．答案：building．考查现在分词．根据wind farms and solar power stations 很多风电站和太阳能电站．可知应该是正在建立，用现在进行时态，结构是be动词+动词的现在分词．因此用build建立，的动名词building．51．答案：within．考查介词．根据China will continue using the coal中国将继续使用煤．可知，应该是在很长时间之内．用within在…之内．52．答案：laws．考查名词．根据punish those people who dare to destroy the environment．惩罚那些敢于破坏环境的人．可知，应该是制定法律．用law 的复数laws法律．53．答案：scientists．考查名词．根据have suggested that greening the deserts is more important than developing new forms of energy建议，绿化沙漠比开发新能源更重要．及首字母，可知应该是科学家，由have可知应该是名词复数．用。
19年中考英语真题 分类 专题19.4 短文填空(杂糅型填空)(第01期)(原卷版)
2019年中考真题英语分项汇编专题19 短文填空考点4杂糅型填空Passage 1（2019 •福建省）Before paper was invented, people wrote or drew on materials such as bamboo, 81 [sɪlk], animal hide, and wooden blocks. Writing materials were 82 (real) expensive and few people learned to read. Therefore, few people wrote. This all changed, thanks 83 an man named Cai Lun.Paper had already existed (存在) in China , but the process for 84 (produce) it was difficult and the paper was of low quality. Cai Lun began experimenting (试验) with many different materials and different 85 (method) to turn those materials into paper. In the year 105, he made it from tree bark, bamboo, cloth rags, and fishing nets. His paper was 86 (strong) and cheaper than any paper that had been made before.With Cai Lun’s papermaking method, Chinese culture87 [ɡruː] more rapidly over the next several centuries. That’s because ideas were much easier to share88 more people learned to read. The use of paper spread abroad, helping 89 ['ʌðə] cultures record and spread their ideas. Today, Cai Lun is considered a national hero in China. But 90 whole world should remember the clever Chinese papermaker forever.Passage 2（2019 •浙江省绍兴市）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
19年中考英语真题 分类 专题19.1 短文填空(首字母填空)(第02期)(解析版)
1 ． w u d i c （ 2019 年中考真题英语分项汇编专题 19 短文填空考点 1 首字母填空P assage 1（2019 江苏省南京市）请根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为（ ）-（10）的相应位置上。
Chinese writing is one of the world's greatest writing systems It is more （1）in use than alphabetic（字母的） writing systems ． More th an half of the world's books are written in Chinese ， including historicalwritings and novels ， along with writings on government and law ．At the beginning ， written Chinese was a picture ﹣based 1（2） ． It dates back several th ou sand years to the （3） se of animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved （刻）by ancient Chinese people ．Someof the ancient symbols can still be seen in t （4）hanzi ． By the Shang Dynasty ， these symbols had become a well ﹣developed writing system ， Over the years ， thesystem developed into different forms ， as it was a time when people were （5）geographically ， leadingto different dialects （ 方言） and characters ． This ， however ， c （6）under Emperor Qishihuang of the Qin Dynasty ．Emperor Qinshihuang united （统一）the seven major states into one country where the Chinese writing systembegan to develop in one direction ． That writing system was of great （7）in uniting the Chinese people andculture ． Even today ， no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak ， they can all still c （8）ommunicate in writing ． W ritten Chinese has also become an important method to （9）China's presentwith its p ast ． P eople in modern times can r ead the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times ．T oday ， Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture ， As China plays a g （10）role in the world ，an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate 欣赏）China's culturethr oug h this amazing language ． Written Chinese spreads Chinese culture wherever it goes ．【答案与解析】） to 2 l. 【文章大意】文章介绍了中文写作系统历史发展。
19年中考英语真题分类专题19.3 短文填空(自由填空)(第02期)(解析版)
2019年中考真题英语分项汇编专题19 短文填空考点3自由填空Passage 1（2019 •重庆市B 卷）根据下面短文内容根据下面短文内容，，在短文的空格处填上一个恰当的词在短文的空格处填上一个恰当的词，，使短文完整使短文完整、、通顺通顺。
You’ve been here in China for a few days, and you may notice that Chinese people can sometimes be very direct.But don’t be fooled into thinking you can___54___anything you like to them. Here are a few things foreigners____55____China should never say.Have you been on vacation? You look so tanned (晒黑的)!While many people in the West grow up with the idea that dark skin is a sign of beauty, this is not true in China. That explains___56___umbrellas are just as common on sunny days as they are on rainy days here.I really love China, but…Don’t finish that___57___. No place can be perfect. It’s fine if you say something impolite about your___58___country, but don’t do it about someone else’s. This doesn’t just happen in China, but it’s fair to say the Chinese people show more love to their country.I think Chinese food is the best food in the world.What’s that? As everyone in China should already know this, saying that you love Chinese food is like saying that sugar is___59___or ice is cold. It’s won’t hurt anybody, but they may think you know___60___about their food culture. Since there are many different kinds of Chinese food, it sounds better to talk about the local food that you like most. Keep them in mind and___61___your stay in China!【答案与解析】【文章大意】短文介绍了外国游客在中国不应该说的一些话。
2019中考真题系列：首字母填空（3）（含答案解析）
2019中考真题系列：首字母填空（3）（含答案解析）（2019 ·泰州市）根据短文内容及首字母提示，补全空格内单词，使短文完整、通顺。
Everyone knows that second-hand smoke is as dangerous as first-hand smoke. But have you h_____71_____ of 'third-hand' smoke? Third-hand smoke means the pollution left on the surfaces (表面) of things around, l______72______ furniture or clothes. When someone smokes in a room, poisonous particles(粒子) in tobacco (烟草) smoke land on the surfaces of the furniture or his clothes, even after the cigarette (香烟) has been put out. This can cause a great danger to your family, e_____73_____younger children. Babies have only just learned to walk. They are more likely to be harmed by third-hand smoke. This is b_____74_____ they are often close to surfaces of things. Such as floors, walls and furniture where tobacco particles remain. When they t_____75_____ these surfaces, they get their hands polluted. So, it is necessary and important to say n_____76_____ to third-hand smoke. To achieve this, strict r_____77_____ for forbidding (禁止) smoking inside homes should be carved out. If one of your family members smokes, please make sure he smokes o____78____ the house. Get him a special jacket and hat, so once he f_____79_____ smoking, he will take them off before getting inside the house. Moreover, make sure that a smoker washes his hands and face, and changes his clothes before picking up the baby. Many times, you cannot see the smoke doing harm to your child, but it doesn't mean he or she is s_______80_______'. Give up smoking, or if that is not possible, make sure that your loved ones, far away from third-hand smoke.答案及解析【文章大意】本文介绍了“三手”烟的危害。
2019全国卷三语法填空及答案分析
2019全国卷三阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
hard that we couldn’t help wondering how On our way to the house, it was raining ___61___ long it would take ___62___(get) there. It was in the middle of Pearl City. We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dogs, seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ___65___(recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop,and visit. For breakfast, we were able to eat papaya(木瓜) and other fruits from their trees in the backyard. When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ___66___(compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many ___67___(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were ___68___(huge) popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay, we ___69___(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, ____70____(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 【答案】61. so 62. to get 63. of 64. who 65. recommended 66. competition 67. traditional 68. hugely 69. were invited 70. listening 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。
2019年中考英语真题 分类 专题19.3 短文填空(自由填空)(第02期)(原卷版)
2019年中考真题英语分项汇编专题19 短文填空考点3自由填空Passage 1（2019 •重庆市B卷）根据下面短文内容，在短文的空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
You’ve been here in China for a few days, and you may notice that Chinese people can sometimes be very direct. But don’t be fooled into thinking you can___54___anything you like to them. Here are a few things foreigners____55____China should never say.Have you been on vacation? You look so tanned (晒黑的)!While many people in the West grow up with the idea that dark skin is a sign of beauty, this is not true in China. That explains___56___umbrellas are just as common on sunny days as they are on rainy days here.I really love China, but…Don’t finish that___57___. No place can be perfect. It’s fine if you say something impolite about your___58___country, but don’t do it about someone else’s. This doesn’t just happen in China, but it’s fair to say the Chinese people show more love to their country.I think Chinese food is the best food in the world.What’s that? As everyone in China should already know this, saying th at you love Chinese food is like saying that sugar is___59___or ice is cold. It’s won’t hurt anybody, but they may think you know___60___about their food culture. Since there are many different kinds of Chinese food, it sounds better to talk about the local food that you like most.Keep them in mind and___61___your stay in China!Passage 2（2019 •湖南省岳阳市）根据短文内容，在文中空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
2019年中考英语首字母填空真题练习12篇（带答案）
2019年中考英语⾸字母填空真题练习12篇（带答案）2019年中考英语⾸字母填空真题练习(名师精选全国真题+详细解析答案，值得下载打印练习)第⼀篇For thousands of years, poems have been the favorite types of literature in China. There were many famous poets from different periods of time in Chinese h 1 , and most of their poems are s 2 read and enjoyed today.To remind people o 3 those classic Chinese poems, CCTV has produced a TV p 4 called Chinese Poem Competition. The final of the show’s second season was shown in February. A girl named Wu Yishu w 5 studies at the High School Affiliated to Fudan University, came out to be the w 6 of the competition. She recited lines from the Classic of Poetry (《诗经》): “In July, the crickets in the field; In A7 , they are in the yard; In September, they are at the door; In October, the crickets enter and crawl under our beds.” “I really admire her k8 of poems. The first time I saw her w 9 traditional Han clothing on TV, I was very impressed by her classical looks. She always keeps so calm through the show, which is very u 10 for her age,” said Huang Zijin after watching the final show.Mr. Huang also said we would find Chinese cultures and taste the beauty of life by enjoying poems.参考答案1. history2. still3. of4. program(me)5. who6. winner7. August8. knowledge9. wearing 10. unusual第⼆篇At some time in your life, you might have a roommate. It is a good idea to share a flat,expensive. And money is not the only reason for having a roommate. Sharing a flat can becollege students who shared a room. They found that students who had problems with theirroommates were not happy at school and were more likely to get sick than other students. So,Being roommates with a friend can be hard. Friends may be different when you stay with them all the time f_5_ when you don’t see them very often. So, before you plan to share a room with a friend, discuss the situation c _6_ .If you decide to share a room with someone you don’t know, talk to each other. It’s important to be h_7_about your habits and things you hate.You mustn’t tell lies to each other.When you move in with a roommate, make some r __8__. Decide how you will share housework, such as cleaning, washing and shopping. Will you share food? It is OK to have guests? And what about loud music?Don’t get angry at small things that your roommate does. Try to f_9__the unhappy things between you and your roommate. No one ---including you ---is p _10 __ .参考答案1. especially2. terrible3. live4. suggestions5. from6. carefully 6. honest 8. rules 9. forget10.perfect第三篇It was the beginning of a new term. As a te acher in that school, I didn’t know any of the students. A little girl was standing at the gate of the classroom. She looked very shy.I w___1_____ up to her and asked why she stood there. But she said n___2____. Then a boy shouted, “She is from Grade Four, the worst student in her grade.” I looked at the little girl. She didn’t seem to be the smart kind. I u 3 why her teacher asked her to stay in Grade Three. I took her hand and led her into the c_____4____ .“Sit here. Now you are my student and I’m your t____5____ ,” I said. She still said nothing, but suddenly began to cry.I later learnt that her parents d___6____ in a car accident. She became sad and didn’t like talking to others after that.She learnt very slowly. I gave her respect and n 7 looked down upon(鄙视) her as I know everybody needs to be respected. I helped her after school, and she was making p__8____ little by little. As time went by, she was not as shy as b___9___. At the end of the term, she seemed to have forgotten all her sadness. She was not among the best students when she left that school, but at least, she was not that shy and sad little girl any more.In the following years, she would send me a card on each Thanksgiving Day. Three days ago, I r 10 an invitation to her wedding. And now, I am at her wedding, and she is smiling brightly.Everyone deserves respect and everyone can be happy.参考答案：1. walked2. nothing3. understood4. classroom5. teacher6. died7. never8. progress9. before 10. received第四篇Small talk and chitchat(闲谈)are the short conversations we have at parties, while we wait in line at the store, at family events or work.Sometimes we make small talk with people we already know but not w 1 . Often we have to make small talk with complete strangers.Many people find these small conversations about unplanned subjects difficult. Some people say they hate it. Others say small talk is a w 2 of time. They may even call it useless chitchat or useless chatter, meaning it doesn’t do anything. They c 3small talk not important.However, small talk is important. These exchanges can open doors that may lead to l 4 , more meaningful conversations. When you first meet someone or talk to someone you don’t know well, it would be awkward(尴尬的)to b 5 a conversation about a really deep subject such as war, politics or the meaning of life.Small talk also gives you the c 6 to decide if you want to get to know that person better–or not. Let’s say you make small talk with someone at a party. But they only want to talk about cats. You may not want to build a friendship with them u 7 you really, really love cats.Chitchat can also increase your feeling of understanding toward people you know but not well. Chatting with a workmate about their child may help you to understand more of their life outside the o 8 . This could help build healthy work relationships.Researchers at the University of Chicago find that those who make small talk with strangers are happier than those who sit a 9 . Also, another similar study showed that people who talked with a cashier(收银员) in a coffee shop felt happier t 10 those who simply went in, ordered and left.Small talk may make us happier.参考答案1. well2.waste3. consider/doc/40b235fcb34e852458fb770bf78a6529647d35d9.html rger5. begin6. chance(s)7. unless8. office9. alone10.than第五篇Leonardo da Vinci's(达芬奇) mother may have been a Chinese slave(奴⾪) according to a new research by an Italian -Angelo Paratico. He has spent the last 20 years living and working in Hong Kong, researching the links(联系) b 1 his homeland and China.It is believed that Leonardo da Vinci's mother was named Caterina, who, according to some reports, was a local farmer. But Mr. Paratico's new work leads to a d 2 explanation.Speaking to the South China Morning Post, Mr. Paratico said, “I am s 3 that Leonardo's mother was from the East, but to make her a Chinese, we need to use a deductive method (演绎法).”Angerlo Paratico has s 4 many documents(⽂献). He found that one wealthy friend of Leonardo's father’s had a slave called Caterina. After Leonardo's date of b 5 , she disappeared from the documents. “She was no longer working there and could not be found,”Paratico a 6 . Supporting his opinion, he said, “During the period, countries like Italy and Spain were f 7 of slaves from the Eas t.”He said that there were certain aspects(⽅⾯) of Da Vinci's life and works which suggest a Chinese link. An e 8 is that he was writing with his left hand from left to right. And he was a vegetarian(素⾷者), which was not common. Mona Lisa(蒙娜丽莎) is probably a picture of his mother. On the back of Mona Lisa, there is a Chinese landscape and e 9 her face looks Chinese.Mr. Paratico said the only way to s 10 the mystery is to extract(提取) some DNA. But he said he preferred to let the mystery to remain mysterious.参考答案：1. between2. different3. sure4. studied /searched5. birth6. added7. full8. example9. even 10. solve第六篇A man walked into a doctor's examining room."Put out your tongue."the doctor s 1 ．"OK. There is nothing s 2 ，"the doctor said."It's clear what's wrong with you. You need more exercise.""But, doctor,"the man said."I don't think...""Don't tell me what you think." the doctor said."I am the doctor, not you. I know what you need. I see hundreds of people like you. N 3 of them get any exercise.They sit in the office all day and in f 4 of the television in the evening. What you need is to walk quickly at l 5 twenty minutes a day."“Doctor ,you don’t understand.” The man said. “I…”“There is no e 6 ,”the doctor said. “You must find time for exercise. If you don’t, you will get fat and have health problems when you are old.”“But I walk every day.” The man said .“Oh ,yes, and I know that kind of walking that is. You walk a few meters to the office from your house, and a few more meters to a r 7 for lunch and back.”“Please listen to me , doctor!” the man s 7 8 at the doctor angrily. “I’m a mailman. “ the man w 9 on,” I walk for seven hours every day.”For a moment the doctor was silent,then he said quietly,”Put your tongue a 10 ,will you?”参考答案：1.said2.serious3.none4.front5.least6. excuse7.restaurants8. shouted9.went 10.again第七篇Miracles（奇迹）will happen if you don’t give up trying. Even if you have f 1 for one hundred times, you may succeed when you try for the 10lst time.When I was born, my doctor told my mother that the re was something wrong with my l__2 . They were too soft to be able to walk. A 3 the news was bad, my mother didn’t become frustrated(沮丧的). She didn't believe what the doctor said and started to look for other ways.My mother k 4 looking for other doctors for me, and finally she succeeded. The doctor and his team in the hospital did everything t 5 could to help me. They also asked my parents to teach me to do some e 6 to help me walk. One day when my mother came to pick me up. I crawled(爬) towards her. She was so surprised and happy that she couldn’t believe her eyes. Crawling was not walking, but it was a good s 7 . Day by day, I could walk by myself.When I grew up, my mother a 8 told me these stories. She said that if I thought of what she said whenever I met difficulties, I could do a__9__ successfully. I have been working hard and I have turned out to be a very e 10 person. I get best grades in school and I am a good dancer and swimmer. What the story tells us, as my mother always says, is: Never give up.参考答案1.Failed2.legs3.Although4.kept5.they6.exercise7.start8.always9.anything 10.excellent第⼋篇Being a youth is one thing, and being a good one is another. A good youth should have these qualities: F 1 of all, health, a healthy body is the best wealth. Without it,n 2 can be done well. If you are poor in health, you’ll have to take m 3 day after day. Even you can’t work, do sports and so on; Secondly, one must be of good quality. Always do something for others. Help those in trouble and c 4 about the people around you. If everyone did the same, what a w 5 world this would be! Thirdly, one must have the ability to work with others. Cooperation and communication are two important k 6 to better human relationship. Everyone needs friends b 7 no one can live through life alone or do everything he wants to.Besides the examples above, patriotism(爱国主义) is the one we should never forget. Patriotism means a love of one’s country. It is one of the h 8 qualities of human’s. Everyone should love his own country. But people sometimes think that patriots(爱国者)must be fighters or that they live in a time of f 9 for their country. That is wrong. A good youth’s work is not only fighting. A good youth will do the things his country asks him to do.I think a good youth of today should also have some training in a 10 . If everyonecan enjoy art and be able to make more of it for others, then people will live better and enjoy more.参考答案1. First2. nothing3. medicine4. care5. wonderful6. keys7. because9. fighting 10. art第九篇Are you the kind of person who likes to move with music？It’s a natural thing to do. Even little children start jumping up and down when they (1)h music.Scientists say that animals dance, too. But their dancing is (2)d . The “dances” of animals send messages to other animals. But when people dance, they express (3)f about life and love, or about these very human experiences.Dances are really good for you in many (4)w . For one thing, dancing is good for your(5) b . It makes your heart work and makes you breathe fast. It also makes you use your arms and your legs. If you go dancing often, you can keep (6)h . You may feel very (7)t after dancing, but you’ll probably also feel relaxed and happy at the same time. This is (8)a important point about dancing. It offers you an opportunity to express yourself and feel better about yourself. If you are angry or upset about something, dancing sometimes helps you (9)f those unpleasant things.And finally, it’s a social activity. Some dances are for couples and some are for groups. But all kinds of dances give you a (10)c to meet new people or to do something enjoyable with friends.参考答案1. hear2. different3. feelings4. ways5. body6. healthy7. tired8. another9. forget 10. chance第⼗篇In 1883, an engineer named John Roebling got an idea to build a bridge between New York and Long Island. However, bridge-building experts around the world thought that it was i 1 . It had never been done before.After much d 2 , he made his son Washington, a great engineer, believe that the bridge could be built.The project started well, but a few months later, an accident took the life of John Roebling. Washington was b 3 hurt and he was not able to walk or talk. However, Washington never lost his heart. He still wanted to c 4 the bridge. But all he could do was to move one finger. So he decided to make the best use of it. By m 5 his finger, he slowly developed a way of communicating with his wife.He touched his w 6 arm with his finger, “telling” her that he wanted her to call the engineers again. Then he used the same way to tell the engineers w 7 to do. The project carried on again.For 13 years, Washington tapped out (敲出) his instructions with his finger o 8 his wife’s arm, until the bridge was finally completed.Today the Brooklyn Bridge stands as a monument(纪念碑) to one man’s unbeatable spirit.It is also a monument to engineers and t 9 teamwork, and to their faith in a man who was c 10 crazy by half the world.参考答案1.impossible2.discussion4. Complete/continue5. moving6. wife’s7. what8. on9. their/the 10. considered第⼗⼀篇Once there was a poor little girl living near a forest. She had no family and no one to love her. So she often felt sad and l 1 .One day, when she was walking in the forest, she found that a small butterfly was trapped unluckily in a bush. It tried to fly away but f 2 . The kind little girl saved the butterfly with great c 3 . Instead of flying away, the butterfly turned i 4 a beautiful fairy. The little girl was very surprised.“Thank you for saving me. You are so kind. I will make any of your d5 come true.” said the fairy.The little girl thought for a moment and then said, “I want to be happy!”The fairy said, “Very well. I will help you.”And she said something in the little girl’s ear. Then the fairy d 6 .When the kind little girl grew up, she was always r 7 to help villagers in need. Noone in the village was as happy as she was. E 8 asked her the secret of happiness. She always smiled and answered, “The secret is that I listened to a kind fairy when I was a little girl.”When the kind girl became a very cold woman and was d 9 , the neighbors in the village all gathered around her bed and asked what the kind fairy said years ago.The lovely old woman still smiled and said, “Helping o 10 would make me happy all my life.”参考答案1.lonely2. failed3. care4. into5. dreams5.disappeared 7. ready 8. everyone 9. dying 10. others第⼗⼆篇Stephen Hawking was born in Oxford, England on 8thJanuary, 1942. He went to school in St. Albans—a small city nearLondon. After l 1 school, Hawking went first to OxfordUniversity where he studied physics, then he went to Cambridge University where he studied cosmology(宇宙学). As he himself admits (承认), he didn’t work hard. He was a very l 2 student, and did very little work. However, he still got good m 3 . It was at the age of 20 that Hawking first noticed something was w 4 with him. When he visited his family at Christmas time, his mother was so worried that she made him see a d 5 . Hawking was sent to hospital for tests. Finally, the r 6 came out. Hawking had motor neuron disease, an incurable illness which would make him unable to speak, breathe or move w 7 the help of a machine. Doctors said they had no way to help him. He would die before he was 23.At first, Hawking became very s 8 . After a while, though, he began to see his life in a different way. As he later write, “Before my illness was diagnosed (诊断), I had been very bored with life. There had not seemed to be anything worth doing. But shortly after Icame out of hospital, I suddenly realized that there were a lot of worthwhile things I could do.” Hawking married, f 9 a job at Cambridge University, and had three children. He also went on to do some of the most important scientific research.On 14th, March, 2018, Hawking left us forever, but many people think he is one of the most excellent physicists s 10 Einstein.参考答案1. leaving2. lazy3. marks4. wrong5. doctor6. result(s)7. without8. sad9. found 10. since。
2019年中考英语短文填空(一)--短文语法填空及参考答案
2019年中考英语短文填空（一）--短文语法填空及参考答案短文语法填空作为一种新颖的题型，能全面地考查学生的英语综合应用能力。
【考纲分析】短文语法填空是一种综合性很强而且难度较大的题型，它主要是检测学生的语言综合运用能力，让学生参照所给的一幅图画，在特定的情景中填入被挖空的单词，使得短文通顺，没有错误并且与图画内容一致。
它不仅考查学生通过看图和阅读获取信息的能力及分析判断能力，还考查学生语言综合运用的准确性和规范性，如人称、时态、单复数等的变化。
【教师点拨】1、通读短文，图文参照，确定大意。
2、依据语法和逻辑，确定所填单词的词义后，再判定所填的词在句子中充当的句子成分，从而确定所填词的词性及其形式。
3、认真审读，检查错误。
将你填入的词代入短文从头到尾通读一遍，一方面要注意内容是否符合图画内容，另一方面要特别留意有词形变化的地方，如动词的时态和语态、形容词和副词的比较等级、名词的单复数等。
一旦发现错误，立刻改正过来。
【中考回放】2016年广东省初中毕业生学业考试英语试题请用适当的词完成下面的短文,并把所缺单词填写在答题卡指定的位置上。
每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。
Like most Chinese,Mr,Zhang has a traditional family.1he and his wife are middleschool teacherswhile their6-year-old son is a pupil.Mr Zhang's mother lives with themand helps look2the kids.They love one another and live3happy life.mother's birthday.The couple wanted to do something to4their love for her.After a Yesterday was Mr Zhang’ｓbig dinner,Mr,zhang brought of basin of warm water and asked his father to sit in front of the basin.He took off her shoesand put her5into the water.After that,he began to wash them carefully.His wife helped to comb his mother's hair slowly.Seeing this,the boy6his mother's example.He tried to comb his mother's hair,too.But he was not at all7to do that.So he brought a chair and stood on it.Everyone could feel the warmth and love in the family.8we all know,respecting the old and taking care of the young is a good Chinese tradition.We should try ourbest9to care for our family.We must visit our parents as often as possible,and10time with them even though we may work far away.Indeed family is a place for happiness.1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________6．________7.________8.________9.________0.________【答案解析】这是一篇记叙兼议论的短文。
2019年中考英语真题 分类 专题19.3 短文填空(自由填空)(第01期)(原卷版)
2019年中考真题英语分项汇编专题19 短文填空考点3自由填空Passage 1（2019 •广东省）请用适当的词完成下面的短文，并把所缺单词填写在答题卡指定的位置上。
每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。
Last winter holiday, I visited a village with only 11 houses. __71__ the village was very small, I spent a whole day in it.The village became popular because __72__ Grandpa Huang's hard work. He bought a house there over 30 years __73__, but in 2010 the village was to be pulled down. In order to save the old village, Grandpa Huang painted on the walls of __74__ own house and other houses. He painted things that he liked. In the village, there were many paintings of __75 __, such as cats and birds. The most popular paintings for visitors were of famous people. One of them was a picture of Andy. He and my __76__ singer. I liked him so much that I asked a visitor to __77__ a photo of that painting and me. On the ground of the village, Grandpa Huang has painted __78__ lot of well-known Chinese sayings. From them, Grandpa Huang learned to live a long and happy __79__.I really had a good time in the village __80__ wished to visit it again.Passage 2（2019 •重庆市A卷）I recently turned 30. Thinking back what I’ve experienced, I took some time to write myself some advice.TrustEven if it kills your relationship. Even if you lose your friends. Even if it means you end up getting hurt. __74__ people even if they give you a reason not to.But don’t be too naive(幼稚). Some people are out to hurt you.PeoplePeople are the best and __75__ thing that will happen to you. Some will help you go further and faster. Others will pull you down to their level and make you lose.Most are OK. Many are average. Some are excellent. You don’t need a lot of people or friends around you. You need amazing people who help you just __76__ you help them. Only a few people will change your life forever. Find __77__.Value timeDon’t w aste time on people who cheat you.Value other people’s __78__. Do n’t be late. That means that if you’re late, you don’t care about them or their time. And that also means you think you’re worth more and therefore(因此) keep them __79__. Some people will tel l you that it’s OK to be late. It’s not.FailFail. Fail a lot. Fail often. Fail in making friends. Fail in work. __80__ please don’t lose your heart! Learn a lesson.If you don’t learn something wh e n you fail, then all you’ve done is failed. If you learn something, then you’ve grown. Every time you grow and fail and learn, you become better at finding out the way to __81__.。
19年中考英语真题 分类 专题19.2 短文填空（选词填空）（第01期）（解析版）
2019年中考真题英语分项汇编专题19 短文填空考点2选词填空Passage 1（2019 •四川省自贡市）将下列单词的适当形式填入空格．每空限填一词，每词只能用一次．continue make place careful whosame stop before good somethingA man named Bill once visited a temple that was still being built．He saw a sculptor （雕刻家）（1） a sculpture．As he watched the man work on the sculpture， he noticed that there was a similar sculpture lying nearby．He felt strange and asked the sculptor， "Why are you creating two （2） sculptures？ Do you need two to put in different （3） ?""No．" the man said without looking up， "We need only one， but the first one became damaged（损害）（4） I could finish it， so I' m working on a new one．"Bill picked up the damaged sculpture and examined it （5） ． But he couldn't find （6） wrong withit．"Where is the damage？" he asked．"There is a scratch （划痕） on the sculpture's nose " the sculptor said while （7） his work．Bill then asked "Where are you going to place the sculpture？"The sculptor replied that it would be placed on a platform which is 20 feet in height．" If the sculpture is upthat high，（8） is going to notice that there is a scratch on the nose？ " Bill asked．The sculptor（9） his work， looking up at the man and said，" I will know it．"The sculptor chose a high standard of excellence in his work． Even if other people didn't notice it， it mattered to him that his work should be of the （10） quality（质量）． This is an attitude we should work hardto have．【答案与解析】【文章大意】这是一篇选词填空，主要介绍了一个雕刻家对待工作一丝不苟的故事，通过这个故事告诉我们应该有的工作态度．（1）making 考查动名词，see sb doing看见某人正在做某事，make a sculpture雕刻，故答案为making．（2）same 考查形容词，根据上文As he watched the man work on the sculpture， he noticed that there was a similar sculpture lyingnearby．当他观看那个人雕刻时，他注意到旁边放着一个相似的雕像，因此判断本句的意思是你为什么要雕刻两个相同的雕塑．故答案为same．（3）places考查可数名词复数，different不同的，后跟可数名词复数，结合语境，你为什么雕刻两个相同的雕塑，你需要把它们放在不同的地方吗？故答案为places．（4）before考查时间副词，结合语境，我们只需要一个，但是在我完成第一个之前它已经被损害了．判断是完成之前，故答案为before．（5）carefully考查副词，结合语境，Bill捡起受损的雕塑并且仔细检查，但是他没发现有什么问题．examine为实意动词，用副词修饰，故答案为carefully．（6）anything 考查不定代词， couldn't否定词，结合语境，Bill捡起受损的雕塑并且仔细检查，但是他没发现有什么问题．否定句中不定代词用anything．故答案为anything．（7）continuing考查动名词，while后动词用 ing形式，结合语境，"雕塑的脖子上有一道划痕"雕刻家边说边继续工作．故答案为continuing．（8）who考查疑问代词，结合语境，如果雕塑放那么高的话，谁会注意到它的脖子上有一道划痕．故答案为who ．（9）stopped考查动词，本文谓语动词用过去式，判断时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式，结合语境，雕刻家停下他的工作，看着那个男人说："我会知道．"故答案为stopped．（10）best考查形容词最高级，quality为名词，前用形容词，the后形容词用最高级，结合语境，即使别人没有注意到，他的作品应该保持最好的质量对他来说很重要．故答案为best．Passage 2（2019 •湖北省孝感市）阅读短文, 用方框中所给词的适当形式填空, 使短文通顺、连贯。
19年中考英语真题 分类 专题19.4 短文填空(杂糅型填空)(第01期)(原卷版)
2019年中考真题英语分项汇编专题19 短文填空考点4杂糅型填空Passage 1（2019 •福建省）Before paper was invented, people wrote or drew on materials such as bamboo, 81 [sɪlk], animal hide, and wooden blocks. Writing materials were 82 (real) expensive and few people learned to read. Therefore, few people wrote. This all changed, thanks 83 an man named Cai Lun.Paper had already existed (存在) in China , but the process for 84 (produce) it was difficult and the paper was of low quality. Cai Lun began experimenting (试验) with many different materials and different 85 (method) to turn those materials into paper. In the year 105, he made it from tree bark, bamboo, cloth rags, and fishing nets. His paper was 86 (strong) and cheaper than any paper that had been made before.With Cai Lun’s papermaking method, Chinese culture87 [ɡruː] more rapidly over the next several centuries. That’s because ideas were much easier to share88 more people learned to read. The use of paper spread abroad, helping 89 ['ʌðə] cultures record and spread their ideas. Today, Cai Lun is considered a national hero in China. But 90 whole world should remember the clever Chinese papermaker forever.Passage 2（2019 •浙江省绍兴市）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
2019年四川省成都中考英语试卷(含答案与解析)
6. Be quiet! The students ______ an English exam.
A. takeB. are takingC. will take
7.Unluckily, Notre Dame de Paris (巴黎圣母院) ______ this April. We felt so sad for that.
A
As a police artist, Joe Brown draws pictures of suspects(嫌疑犯)when people tell him about the16of each suspect. Then, the police put the pictures in newspapers and on television to help17the suspects.
Ⅴ.听短文，根据短文内容完成图表中所缺信息。短文念三遍。
WeChat26
dos
☆When adding WeChat friends,27yourself and explain how you know them.
don’ts
☆Don’t send long voice messages because it’s hard to follow and remember.
B
One day in class, the teacher held up an apple. She stood on the platform(讲台)and said,“Please21it in the air, and…”
One student22his hand and said, “I can smell it. It is the smell of an apple.”
【附加20套2019年中考真题】19年中考英语真题 分类 专题19.4 短文填空(杂糅型填空)(第01期)(解析版)
2019年中考真题英语分项汇编专题19 短文填空考点4杂糅型填空Passage 1（2019 •福建省）Before paper was invented, people wrote or drew on materials such as bamboo, 81 [sɪlk], animal hide, and wooden blocks. Writing materials were 82 (real) expensive and few people learned to read. Therefore, few people wrote. This all changed, thanks 83 an man named Cai Lun.Paper had already existed (存在) in China , but the process for 84 (produce) it was difficult and the paper was of low quality. Cai Lun began experimenting (试验) with many different materials and different 85 (method) to turn those materials into paper. In the year 105, he made it from tree bark, bamboo, cloth rags, and fishing nets. His paper was 86 (strong) and cheaper than any paper that had been made before.With Cai Lun’s papermaking method, Chinese culture87 [ɡruː] more rapidly over t he next several centuries. That’s because ideas were much easier to share88 more people learned to read. The use of paper spread abroad, helping 89 ['ʌðə] cultures record and spread their ideas. Today, Cai Lun is considered a national hero in China. But 90 whole world should remember the clever Chinese papermaker forever.【答案与解析】【文章大意】主要讲述中国造纸术之父——蔡伦以及造纸的过程。
2019年中考英语短文填空真题精选(带详细答案)
2019年中考英语短文填空真题精选(名师精选全国真题+实战训练，建议下载练习)一．填空题（共9小题）1．（2018•真题）Just as a famous saying （1）g oes，"Reading is to success what water is to fish．" Reading is very important for all humans．It can open many （2）d oors and can lead you into a path to success．It's quite clear that every successful person has a good （3）h abit of reading．This is （4）b ecause reading is an important way to get the information required to understand something．For example，a good doctor has to know the latest development in （5）m edicine by reading．Then，how can you develop an interest in reading？There is only one way．Let me explain this to you．If you want to learn how to ride a bike，you have to get on the bike as many times as possible （6）u ntil you can ride skillful．It works the same way with reading．If you want to improve your reading，try to read as （7）m uch as you can．When you finish reading your first book，take another book kand do the same．If you are going out，take a magazine，a book，an article or something （8）e lse to read．When you are reading，try to understand （9）w hat message thewriter is giving to you．So，parents should help to get their children to read as early as possible．Studies have （10）s hown that reading to your unborn child is very good．In this way，your child will like reading later．Reading is always a wonderful time．Good books are good friends．【解答】1．goes；考查动词．句意"正像一句名言__的那样"．根据首字母提示，可知，应该是"说"go．一般现在时态，主语saying单数．谓语动词用go的第三人称单数goes．2．doors；考查名词．句意"它可以打开许多__，引领你走向成功之路"．根据首字母提示，可知，应该是"门"．many许多．修饰可数名词复数doors．3．habit；考查名词．句意"很明显每个成功的人都有阅读的好___"．根据首字母提示，可知，应该是"习惯"．a一个．填单数habit．4．because；考查连词．句意"这是___阅读是获得理解某事所需信息的重要途径"．根据首字母提示，可知，应该是"因为"．填because．5．medicine；考查名词．句意"一个好医生必须通过阅读知道___的最新发展"．及首字母提示，可知，应该是"医学"，填不可数名词medicine．6．until；考查连词．句意"如果你想学骑自行车，你必须尽可能多地骑自行车，___你能熟练地骑自行车"．及首字母提示，可知，应该是"直到"．填连词until．7．much；考查副词．句意"如果你想提高阅读能力，尽量___读"．根据首字母提示，可知，as much as尽量多．修饰动词read读．用副词much．8．else；考查形容词．句意"如果你要出去，拿一本杂志，一本书，一篇文章或___东西来读"．根据首字母提示，可知，应该是"别的"．形容词修饰不定代词放在后面．填else．9．what；考查疑问词．句意"当你阅读时，试着理解作者给你的信息是___"．根据首字母提示，可知，应该是"什么"．填what．10．shown；考查动词．句意"研究已经___，阅读给你未出生的孩子是非常好的"．根据首字母提示，可知，应该是"显示"．现在完成时态，用show的过去分词shown．2．（2017•真题）Many teenagers don't get along well with their parents and they don't know what to do．If you face such a problem，what I'm saying now might be （71）h elpful to you．Have you ever thought of （72）t alking to your parents to find out why you don't get along well with each other？When I was a teenager，I didn't get on well with my parents，（73）e ither．We sometimes argued（争吵）with each other．I am sorry that I had such an （74）e xperience．Now I'm a mother of four girls．Of course we have different opinions，but I encourage them to communicate with me openly and honestly．In this way I make sure thalthey （75）t rust me and come to me for anything．As a （76）r esult，weget along very well．Arguing with your parents will make them angry and you won't feel good．Also，remember that the most important thing is to solve problems．Try your best to be calm．If you cannot control your （77）f eelings，you can go to a doctor or your teacher who could give you （78）a dvice on your problem．Remember that your parents love you．Sometimes they do something that you find （79）h ard to understand．For example，you may want to be a singer in the future，but your parents want you to do something else．If （80）s o，try to think in their shoes．Life is too short and family is important[ Try your best to get along well with your parents．【解答】71．helpful．考查形容词．句意"如果你面对这样一个问题，我现在说的话可能对你是___"．根据首字母提示，可知，应该是"有帮助的"．系表结构．填形容词helpful．72．talking．考查动名词．句意"你有没有想过和你的父母__为什么你们相处得不好？"．根据首字母提示，可知，talk to sb和某人交谈．介词of后用talk的动名词talking．73．either．考查副词．句意"当我还是个十几岁的孩子时，我和我的父母相处得__不好"．根据首字母提示，可知，应该是"也"．否定句且用于句尾用either．74．experience．考查名词．句意"我很抱歉我有这样的一个___"．根据73空When I was a teenager，I didn't get on well with my parents，either当我还是个十几岁的孩子时，我和我的父母相处得也不好．及首字母提示，可知，应该是"经历"．an一个．填单数名词experience．75．trust．考查动词．句意"这样，我确信他们__我，来找我做任何事"．根据首字母提示，可知，找我做任何事，应该是"信任"．主语they她们．一般现在时态，谓语动词用原形trust．76．result．考查搭配．句意"___，我们相处得很好"．根据首字母提示，可知，as a result 结果．固定搭配．填result．77．feelings．考查名词．句意"如果你无法控制自己的___"．根据上一行Arguing with your parents will make them angry and you won't feel good和父母争吵会使他们生气，你会感觉不好．及首字母提示，可知，应该是"情感"．情感有很多种，填复数feelings．78．advice．考查名词．句意"你可以去看医生或你的老师，他们可以给你提供你的问题的__"．根据首字母提示，可知，应该是"建议"．填不可数名词advice．79．hard．考查副词．句意"有时他们会做一些你很__理解的事情"．根据下一句For example，you may want to be a singer in the future，but your parents want you to do something else例如，你将来可能想成为一名歌手，但你的父母希望你做些别的事情．及首字母提示，可知，应该是"很难地"．修饰动词用副词hard．80．so．考查搭配．句意"如果___，你可以站在他们的角度想问题"．根据上一句For example，you may want to be a singer in the future，but your parents want you to do something else例如，你将来可能想成为一名歌手，但你的父母希望你做些别的事情．及首字母提示，可知，if so如果是这样．固定搭配．填so．3．（2016•真题）We all need exercise．Exercise uses up feed that we eat and keeps the body full of（71）e nergy．Exercise makes your heart and muscles（肌肉）strong．Exercise also makes you feel relaxed．If you exercise several times a week，you will stay happy and （72）h ealthy．There are many （73）w ays to exercise．You can walk，run，play sports or swim．（74）H owever，most people cannot do this．It is too far from their homes to their offices．They have no （75）c hoice but to drive to work．First，these people don't havea chance to exercise because they are sitting in their cats for two to four hours eachday．Second，driving is challenging，（76）e specially in rush hours，and needs too much attention．It makes a person （77）t ired out．When these people arrive home after work，they don't want to take exercise．Some western countries，such as the United States，have problems with exercise．Many people don't have enough exercise．They have to work from morning till（78）n ight．so they don't have time to take exercise．Today，many people in the West are fat，which causes health problems，Doctors say exercise can help people both lose （79）w eight and improve their health．So many people are trying to get more exercise．But it takes time to change，and when people don't see a （80）d ifference right away，they will lose heart and stop exercising．【解答】71．答案：energy 考查名词联系语境结合首字母提示推测此处表达的意思是"锻炼可以消耗我们每天所吃进的脂肪，使我们的身体充满能量"，注意"能量"energy 是不可数名词，故填：energy72．答案：healthy 考查形容词联系上下文结合语境推断此处表达的意思是"如果你每天锻炼几次，你将保持心情愉快并且身体健康．"根据前面的happy and判断设空处应该填形容词，故填：healthy73．答案：ways 考查名词根据下文You can walk，run，play sports or swim．联系语境结合首字母提示推测此处的句意是"有很多种锻炼的方式，"由前面的many判断应该填可数名词复数形式，故填：ways74．答案：However 考查副词联系上下文，结合首字母提示此处表达的意思是"然而，很多人并不能锻炼身体，"，表转折用however，故填：However75．答案：choice 考查名词根据设空处后面的but to drive to work结合首字母提示推断此处的句意是"，除去开车上班他们没有别的选择"，结合设空处前面的no判断应该填名词，构成固定短语have no choice but to do"别无选择"，故填：choice 76．答案：especially 考查副词联系上下文结合结合首字母提示和设空处后面的in rush hours推断此处的句意是"其次，开车很有挑战性，尤其是在车流高峰期，需要特别注意．"表达"尤其是"用副词，故填：especially77．答案：tired 考查形容词根据语境结合结合首字母提示和下文中的When these people arrive home after work，they don't want to take exercise．推断此处的句意是"这让人感到劳累"，根据前面的make确定填形容词，表示"使某人…"，故填：tired 78．答案：night 考查名词结合结合首字母提示和设空处前面的from morning 以及下文so they don't have time to take exercise推断此处的句意是"他们必须从早晨工作到夜晚"，故填名词：night79．答案：weight 考查名词结合首字母提示联系上文和后面的improve their health 推断此处的句意是"．医生认为锻炼不仅可以使人减肥，而且可以改善人的健康状况"，由设空处前面的动词lose推断应该填名词，"体重"是weight，故填：weight80．答案：difference 考查名词结合首字母提示联系上文和设空处后面的they will lose heart and stop exercising推断此处的句意是"当人们看不到立竿见影的差异后，他们会失去信心放弃锻炼．"根据设空处前面的不定冠词a判断填名词"不同"，故填：difference4．（2015•真题）In a national spelling competition，an 11﹣year﹣old girl，Sara，was asked to spell a word．But because of her soft voice，the judges（裁判）were not sure （1）if the girl spelled the word kith the letter B or D．They asked her to repeat what shesaid．By then，Sara realized she had made a （2）m istake Instead of telling a （3）1ie，she told them that she said the wrong letter．As a result，she （4）1ost the competition．As the girl went back to her seat，all the people stood up and cheered for what she did．She smiled．Many newspapers （5）r eported the girl's story the next day．In fact she won great respect from others （6）b ecause she was honest．The young girl could simply tell a lie，and nobody would find it out except （7）h erself But She was brave （8）a enough to tell the truth．She made the right choice．It's true that that the choices we make today will decide （9）w hat we are like tomorrow．Our children will follow us．So if you want them to grow up to be （10）h onest，we must show them that we are honest ourselves．【解答】1．答案：if．句意：由于她的声音低，裁判不能确定_____那个女孩是用B 还是D拼写那个单词的．由首字母联想到if"是否"．2．答案：mistake．句意：到那时，Sara意识到她已经犯了一个_____．理解后句可知，她犯了一个错误．由首字母联想到mistake．3．答案：lie．句意：她告诉他们她说了错误的字母，而没有说______．跳读后文可知，她没有撒谎．由首字母联想到lie．这里是名词形式．4．答案：lost．句意：结果她_____了比赛．由前后文可知她输了比赛，由首字母联想到lose，一般过去时态，变为过去式lost．5．答案：reported．句意：第二天许多报纸______女孩的故事．由常识和首字母联想到report．用其过去式reported，意为"报道"．6．答案：because．句意：事实上，她赢得其他人极大的尊重_____她是诚实的．分析前后句的逻辑关系，可知后句是前句的原因．由首字母联想到because．7．答案：herself．句意：这个小女孩能够撒个谎，除了______没有人会发现．根据前文讲述可知，只有她自己才知道她最初的答案，由首字母联想到herself．意为"她自己"．8．答案：enough．句意：但是她_______勇敢地说出事实．由句意和首字母联想到enough．修饰形容词放在后面．9．答案：what．句意：事实上我们现在做的选择决定着我们未来会成为________．由首字母联想到what，作为be like的宾语．0．答案：honest．句意：因此你想要他们长大后是____的，我们必须向他们展示我们自己是诚实的．理解全文和首字母联想到honest．5．（2014•真题）Now it can be difficult for students to find time to exercise，since what they do is to sit at their desks and study all day long．Even on vacations，most children prefer to enjoy（66）t hemselves at home watching TV or playing computer games．They seldom go out and （67）s pend time in the sun．However，the importance of exercise is well﹣known to us．A survey shows that to do well in （68）1earning，a student should spare time to exercise every day．That is to say，we should pay attention to （69）h ealth as well as studies．There are also （70）o ther good points of exercise．One is greater confidence．Exercise may make it easier for students to take part in class activities and help them do a（71）b etter job in studies and social communications．Another is less stress．Exercise can make them forget troubles and（72）f eel relaxed．It is not hard to do exercise．Just get some exercise into your daily （73）s chool life．Go to school on foot or by bike（74）i nstead of by bus or by car．Doing some exercise during class breaks is helpful （75）b ecause it can make your mind clear．Also，you'd better play football or basketball with your friends in the park at weekends．Get out of your chair and do more exercise，everyone!【解答】66．themselves．考查反身代词的用法．根据Even on vacations，most children prefer to enjoy t﹣﹣at home watching TV or playing computer games．本句出现了单词enjoy，而enjoy后面一般跟oneself表示玩的开心，过的愉快，因主语是复数故要用反身代词，故用themselves．故填themselves．67．spend．考查动词的用法．根据They seldom go out and s﹣﹣time in the sun．可知这里time的意思是时光．我们一般说的是度过时光，表示花费，度过英语一般用spend．和前面的动词go并列，故用原形．故填spend．68．learning．考查动词的用法．根据A survey shows that to do well in 1﹣﹣﹣，a student should spare time to exercise every day．可知在这里学生的任务应该是学习．本句使用固定句型结构do well in doing sth表示在某个方面表现非常的不错，所以这里使用学习的动名词形式learning．故填learning．69．health．考查名词的用法．根据a student should spare time to exercise every day，可知这里是说学生应该每天花费时间来就行体育锻炼，从这里可以推测出我们重视健康应该和重视学习是一样的．考查固定短语pay attention to sth表示关心某物，其中to是介词其后可跟名词也可跟动名词，结合首字母h表示健康的名词应该是health．故填health．70．other．考查代词的用法．根据There are also o﹣﹣good points of exercise．可知此句的含义是有关运动还有很多其他的观点或看法．表示其他的要用不定代词other 修饰good points．故正确答案为other．71．better．考查形容词的用法．根据help them do a b﹣﹣job in studies and social communications．在这里do good job in sth表示在某些方面表示出色，此处要用比较级表示有与以前相比较的含义，故填better．72．feel．考查动词的用法．根据Exercise can make them forget troubles and f﹣﹣relaxed，relaxed表示轻松的意思，从这里可以看出锻炼可以让他们忘记烦恼，这样就能感觉轻松一点，感觉的英语说法是feel．make后跟动词原形．故填feel．73．school．考查名词的用法．根据It is not hard to do exercise．Just get some exercise into your daily s﹣﹣life．可知本句考查固定短语school life表示学习生活，故用名词school作定语修饰名词school．故填school．74．instead．考查短语的用法．根据Go to school on foot or by bike i﹣﹣of by bus or by car．可知本句的含义是走着或者是骑自行车去上学取代坐汽车或公交车．考查固定短语instead of表示取代或者而不是的意思，故正确答案为instead．75．because．考查连词的用法．根据Doing some exercise during class breaks is helpful b﹣﹣it can make your mind clear．此句的含义是在课间休息的时候做点运动因为能让你的头脑变得更清醒．it can make your mind clear是前面分句的原因，故考查连词because的基本用法，表示原因．故答案为because．6．（2013•真题）How can we students keep ourselves safe？Here are some tips．On your way home or to school：Wait for the g（66）iven traffic light，and look left and right before you cross the road．If you see a car coming，don't cross until it really s（67）tops．Dress in bright colors，so the drivers can see you e（68）asily．At school：When students around you begin to push，try to hold onto something，or stay ina sager corner．If you f（69）all down in a crowded place，cover your head w（70）ith both hands．When there's a fire：Stay calm and leave quickly．Use a piece of wet cloth to cover your mouth and nose so that you don't breathe in s（71）moke．If your clothes catch fire，drop to the ground and roll from side to side to p（72）ut out the fire．For eating：Wash f（73）ruits like apples or pears carefully before you eat them．Check the expiration dates（保质期）and if your food looks or smells b（74）ad，don't eat it．For riding on the escalator（自动扶梯）：Hold onto the handrails（扶手）and stand on the right side of the escalator because right arms are stronger．It is d （75）angerous to run up and down on them．You may fall down because escalator steps are not designed for running．【解答】66．答案：given．考查分词及语境的理解．句意：你过马路之前等待发出的红绿灯并向左右看．红绿灯是发出的交通信号，所以用过去分词表示被动意义．故填given．67．答案：stops．考查动词及语境的理解．句意：如果你看到车来了，知道它确实停下才能通过．根据句意可知用stop，主语是it，所以动词加s．故填stops．68．答案：easily．考查副词及语境的理解．句意：穿亮色的衣服，因此司机能够看见你．此处修饰动词see，所以用副词easily，故填：easily．69．答案：fall．考查动词及语境的理解．句意：如果你在拥挤的地方摔倒，用双手护住你的头．fall down摔倒，故填：fall．70．答案：with．考查介词及语境的理解．句意：如果你在拥挤的地方摔倒，用双手护住你的头．表示"用…"用介词with．，故填：with．71．答案：smoke．考查名词及语境的理解．句意：用一片湿布捂住你的嘴和鼻子，这样你就不会吸入烟．这里说的是有火的地方如何保护自己，所以是不吸入烟，故填smoke．72．答案：put．考查动词及语境的理解．句意：如果你的衣服着了火，躺倒地上来回滚动扑灭火．Put out是固定词组表示"扑灭"，可知此处填put．73．答案：fruits．考查名词及语境的理解．句意：在吃像苹果和梨这样的水果之前仔细清洗．根据所举例子apples or pears，可知此处填fruits．74．答案：bad．考查形容词及语境的理解．句意：检查保质期而且如果你的食物看上去或闻起来不好，就不要吃了．根据句意，可知此处填bad．75．答案：dangerous．考查形容词及语境的理解．句意：在自动扶梯上跑上跑下是危险的．根据下一句说你会摔倒，可知这样很危险，故此处填dangerous．7．（2012•真题）True friends are hard to find．Often you thought you could believe in someone，b ut（66）later he or she may let you down （让你失望）．A true friend is sometimes who will always be there for you．Through good times or b ad（67）times，they will stand by your side．They will not l eave（68）you alone when things get difficult．They will accept you without trying to change you．A friend will b ring（69）new and exciting things into your life and make it richer．True friends will keep your worst secrets as you will keep t heirs（70）．They will be honest and you can always believe in them．If you talk to someone who you believe in，you don't have to w orry（71）about what you may say．We can enjoy this freedom only with friends．Friendship is a two﹣way street．To find a true friend and keep the friendship b etween （72）you，you must do the same thing as well．Be there for your friends when they are in n eed（73）and share the good times with them．Offer them the same things they give to you．Friendship will break quickly if only one person is giving and p utting（74）effort into it．You will find that there is nothing more valuable t han（75）having a true friend byyour side to share life with，just as someone says，"There is nothing on this earth more to be prize （珍惜）than true friendship"．【解答】答案1．but 2．bad 3．leave 4．bring 5．theirs 6．worry 7．between 8．need 9．putting 10．than．66．but．考查连词的用法．根据Often you thought you could believe in someone，b﹣﹣later he or she may let you down，联系上下文可知前后为转折关系，结合首字母b 可知这里填转折连词but，但是．故填but．67．bad．考查形容词的用法．根据Through good times，可知句意为：过好日子，那么后面应该说的是过坏日子，结合首字母b可知填形容词bad，坏的．修饰名词times．故填bad．68．leave．考查动词的用法．根据They will not l﹣﹣you alone when things get difficult，可知指的是在困难时不会留下你独自一个人．结合助动词will及首字母l可知填原形动词leave，留下，离开．故填leave．69．bring．考查动词的用法．根据A friend will﹣﹣new and exciting things into your life and make it richer，可知朋友会带来新的令人兴奋的东西，结合前文助动词will及首字母b，可知填原形动词bring，带来．故填bring．70．theirs．考查代词的用法．根据True friends will keep your worst secrets as you will keep t…，可知此处指的是就像你会保守最坏的秘密一样，真正的朋友会保守你最坏的秘密，在这里前面说了worst secrets，后面再涉及到这个短语的话，就可以用名词性物主代词来代替，根据首字母t可知填名词性物主代词theirs代指their worst secrets．故填theirs．71．worry．考查动词的用法．根据you don't have to w﹣﹣about what you may say．，可知此处指的是不必担心他们说什么．本句中to是不定式符号，后面接动词原形．根据首字母w可知填原形动词worry担心．worry about固定短语"为…担心"．故填worry．72．between．考查介词的用法．根据Friendship is a two﹣way street．描述，可知此处指的是在你们两者之间．根据首字母b可知填介词between在两者之间．故填between．73．need．考查名词的用法．根据Be there for your friends when they are in n﹣﹣可知这里固定短语in need表示在危难中．结合语境可知此处指的是当他们处于危难中时．根据首字母n可知填名词need，需要，抽象名词不可数，故用原形即可．故填need．74．putting．考查动词的用法．根据Friendship will break quickly if only one person is giving and p﹣﹣effort into it．可知句意为如果只有一个人付出和努力，友谊将很快破裂．根据首字母p联系effort into 可知此处应用固定短语put effort into对某事付出很大力气；根据前面is giving 用了现在进行时，后面and连接的词也应用现在进行时，故用put的现在分词putting．故填putting．75．than．考查连词的用法．根据You will find that there is nothing more valuable t﹣﹣having a true friend by your side to share life with，可知句意为你会发现没有什么东西比有一个真正的朋友站在旁边和你分享生活更有价值了．结合语境及more valuable 可知本句表示在两个事物中进行比较，故用形容词的比较级．根据首字母t可知填连词than，比．故填than．8．（2011•真题）Your maths teacher may wear old﹣fashioned clothes and always pronounce your name wrongly．Your English teacher may love to start classes with tests．Perhaps it is hard f（62）or you to accept these．But they eat pizza，go to movies and enjoy sports at weekends，just like you．So how can you g（63）et along with your teachers？Here are some tips．F（64）irst，do the following things：Don't be late for school．H（65）and in your homework on time．Be polite to your teachers．Second，show an interest in the subject．Even if you are not g（66）ood at your maths or English，you should do your b（67）est to learn it and show your teacher that you are a hardworking student．You can also come to your teacher during his/her spare time．Use this time to get some help or talk about your progress in class．You may be surprised to learn that your teacher is more relaxed in his/her free time t（68）han in his/her working hours．A good relationship with your teachers will help you now and in the f（69）uture．There may be some t（70）hings you will always remember because theychange you and your life．After f（71）inishing school，you may even go back to visit them．And they are always proud of that．【解答】62．for．考查介词的用法及语境理解．根据"Perhaps it is hard f﹣﹣you to accept these和首字母f，可知句子考查了It is+adj+for sb to do sth对某人来说做某事是怎么样的，在人称之前用for．故填for．63．get．考查动词的用法及语境理解．根据So how can you g﹣﹣along with your teachers你和老师相处得怎样"和首字母g，可知，这类考查了短语get along with和某某相处，故填get．64．First．考查序数词的用法及语境理解．根据下文的second，可知开始介绍的时候应该用first，第一．故填first．65．Hand．考查动词的用法及语境理解．根据H﹣﹣in your homework on time按时交作业"和首字母提示"H﹣﹣in your homework"可知，这里意为"交作业"．交作业：hand in your homework，故填hand．66．good．考查形容词的用法及语境理解．根据Even if you are not g﹣﹣at your maths or English即使你不擅长数学或者英语"和首字母提示"are g﹣﹣at"可知，这里意为"擅长"．擅长：be good at，故填good．67．best．考查形容词的用法及语境理解．根据下文show your teacher that you are a hardworking student，可知向你的老师证明你是一个勤奋的学生，可知上面应该说的是尽你最大的努力学习它，根据首字母b可知，这里考查了try one best尽力，故填best．68．than．考查连词的用法及语境理解．根据more relaxed in his/her free time t﹣﹣in his/her working hours．可知这里是两个事物之间进行比较，所以应该用than，故填than．69．future．考查名词的用法及语境理解．根据will可知这里句子应该是将来时，而能用将来时的句子，含有的时间应该是表示将来的时间，in the future，在将来，固定短语，故填future．70．things．考查代词的用法及语境理解．根据There may be some t﹣﹣you will always remember because they change you and your life也许有些事情你会永远记得，因为它们改变了你和你的生活，remember，记得，后面应该跟的是事情，thing，事情，这里some后面应该跟复数．故填things．71．finishing．考查动词的用法及语境理解．根据go back to visit them回去看望他们，这里说的应该是毕业以后的事情，完成学业一般用finish school表示，放在after 后面应该用动名词形式．故填finishing．9．（2010•真题）Climbing a mountain is hard work．But one step after another finally bringsa person to the （86）t op．Along the way，he can stop and look （87）around/about．And the （88）h igher he climbs，the more wonderful his view is．If he keeps climbing，he will have a new world before him．He will have a new way of （89）w atching everything．Now learning （90）a nother language is something like climbing a mountain．This new language can give you a new view of life．And it is more than a look at the surface of things．It can open the way into people's minds and hearts，into a culture that is very （91）d ifferent from the one of your own．This will make you richer，（92）r icher inthings that money can't buy．Even though you never set foot on a ship or a plane，you can be an armchair（93）t raveller through books．Like the mountain climber who stops now and then to （94）e njoy the scenery（风景）around him，everyone who is interested in reading will find （95）f un in books if he learns more and more of that new language．【解答】86．top．考查名词．句意为：但是，一步接一步，这种让人登上顶点．分析句子成分可知，空格处为介词to的宾语，故填名词．根据上文"Climbing a mountain"和句意，并结合首字母提示，确定填top．top为名词，意思是"顶点"．to the top得到顶点．故填top．87．around/about．考查短语look around．句意为：沿线他可以停下来，到处看看．分析句子成分可知，look为不及物动词，而空格后面为名词（宾语），故填副词．根据句意和英语提示"Along the way"，并结合首字母提示，确定填around或about．look around/about到处看．故填around/about．88．higher．考查the more …the more句型．句意为：他爬得越高，看到的风景就越美．分析句子特点可知，本句为the more …the more句型，而本句中第一个比较级为状语，故填副词的比较级．根据句意，并结合首字母提示，确定填high的比较级higher，意思是"更高；越高"．故填higher．。
2019年中考英语短文首字母综合填空3人教新目标版
2019中考英语短文首字母（综合）填空（3）及答案第一部分Last year, four children waited for their school bus every day for ten minutes, on the same dirty street corner. Old bottles, parts of old bikes, and empty soda cans (苏打罐) could be1. s everywhere around the bus stop. The trees were brown and had no leaves, and there weren’t any flowers at all.One Friday, one of the children looked at the corner and2.d to do something about it. The next Monday, she brought a bag and collected some of the old bottles to3. r . On Tuesday, she spent another ten minutes picking up old bottles, while her best friend Judy picked up soda cans and4. p them in different bags for recycling. On Wednesday, all the5. c joined together. The6. c became clean!The corner looked better, but it was still ugly. So the next day the girl 7. b some flower seeds. She planted the seeds and watered 8. t , and watered the trees, too. It only took ten minutes a day 9. b that was enough.A few months later, this corner became a beautiful garden 10. w many flowers and trees.It only took ten minutes a day. Do you have ten minutes a day to help your city?【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。
19年中考英语真题 分类 专题19.4 短文填空（第02期）（解析版）
2019年中考真题英语分项汇编专题19 短文填空考点4杂糅型填空Passage 1（2019 •浙江省湖州市）阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Greetings from Madrid!I can't believe I'm finally here! The trip from Hong Kong ___51___ (be) long and tiring, but I made it. My hotel is nice and I am staying in a guesthouse in the central area of Madrid. I got a cheap and simple room, much ___52___ (small) than my own room back home. It only has a small bed and shower, ___53___ it is quite comfortable to stay in.The weather here is wonderful. It's warm and sunny, ___54___ clear blue skies every day. It's great for sightseeing, because there are a lot of things to see and do. I've found a friendly guide here and yesterday I ___55___ (show) around the city. Tomorrow he will take ___56___ (I) to Andalusia to visit the city of Granada. I can't wait ___57___ (see) the Alhambra Palace and other places of interest. Also, I ___58___ (real) want to try the food there - especially gazpacho, ___59___ kind of cold soup which I hear is special, very different from anything else in Spain.I'll bring you back some ___60___ (present). See you next month!Love,Jamie 【答案与解析】【文章大意】文章介绍了作者旅游的一些情况，住的房间很小，但是很舒服，天气温暖，阳光明媚，湛蓝的天空，友好的导游带他参观了很多名胜，还要品尝当地的名吃美食。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
2019年中考真题英语分项汇编
专题19 短文填空
考点3自由填空
Passage 1（2019 •广东省）
请用适当的词完成下面的短文,并把所缺单词填写在答题卡指定的位置上。
每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。
Last winter holiday,I visited a village with only 11 houses. __71__ the village was very small, I spent a whole day in it.
The village became popular because __72__ Grandpa Huang's hard work. He bought a house there over 30 years __73__, but in 2010 the village was to be pulled down. In order to save the old village, Grandpa Huang painted on the walls of __74__ own house and other houses. He painted things that he liked. In the village, there were many paintings of __75 __, such as cats and birds. The most popular paintings for visitors were of famous people. One of them was a picture of Andy. He and my __76__ singer. I liked him so much that I asked a visitor to __77__ a photo of that painting and me. On the ground of the village, Grandpa Huang has painted __78__ lot of well-known Chinese sayings. From them, Grandpa Huang learned to live a long and happy __79__.
I really had a good time in the village __80__ wished to visit it again.
【答案与解析】
71．Although/Though 此句的前后内容之间存在让步关系，故用表示让步关系的although和though。
此句意为“虽然这个村子很小，但我在里面度过了一天的时光。
”
72. of 短语because of意为“因为，由于”，后接名词（短语）、代词或动名词等。
Grandpa Huang's hard work
是名词短语。
73. ago 结合语境可推知，此处指在30多年前，黄爷爷在那里买了一所房子。
ago意为“以前，以往”，与
一般过去时连用。
74. his 结合空格后的“own house and other houses”可推知，此处指黄爷爷他自己的房子，故用his。
75. animals 结合空格后的“such as cats and birds”，此处指很多动物的画。
76. favo(u)rite 结合下一句“I liked him so much that I asked a visitor to... a photo of that painting and me.”可推
知，Andy是“我”最喜爱的歌手。
77. take 短语take a photo of...意为“给……拍照片”。
此处指给“我”和那幅画拍一张照片。
78. a 短语a lot of意为“很多”。
79. life 结合上一句可推知，黄爷爷从这些中国谚语中学习去过长寿且幸福的生活。
live a long and happy
life意为“过着长寿且幸福的生活”。
80. and and在此处表示并列，连接两个并列的谓语动词。
Passage 2（2019 •重庆市A卷）
I recently turned 30. Thinking bac k what I’ve experienced, I took some time to write myself some advice.
Trust
Even if it kills your relationship. Even if you lose your friends. Even if it means you end up getting hurt. __74__ people even if they give you a reason not to.
But don’t be too naive(幼稚). Some people are out to hurt you.
People
People are the best and __75__ thing that will happen to you. Some will help you go further and faster. Others will pull you down to their level and make you lose.
Most are OK. Many are average. Some are excelle nt. You don’t need a lot of people or friends around you. You need amazing people who help you just __76__ you help them. Only a few people will change your life forever. Find __77__.
Value time
Don’t waste time on people who cheat you.
Value other people’s __78__. Do n’t be late. That means that if you’re late, you don’t care about them or their time. And that also means you think you’re worth more and therefore(因此) keep them __79__. Some people will tell you that it’s OK to be late. It’s not.
Fail
Fail. Fail a lot. Fail often. Fail in making friends. Fail in work. __80__ please don’t lose your heart! Learn a lesson.
If you don’t learn something wh e n you fail, then all you’ve done is failed. If you learn something, then you’ve grown. Every time you grow and fail and learn, you become better at finding out the way to __81__.
【答案与解析】
74. Trust 结合本段的小标题“Trust”和内容尤其是空格后表示让步关系的even if可推知，此处指即使人们
给你理由让你不去信任他们，你也要去信任他们。
75. worst 结合本段的后两句可推知，（遇见）不同的人会对你不同的影响，一些人会帮你走得更好或更
快，一些人会拉低你的层次并让你遭受损失，故此处指（遇见不同的）人是将会发生在你身上最好和最坏的事情。
76. as/like 结合空格前后内容可推知，此处指你需要了不起的人，他们帮助你就像你帮助他们一样。
连词
as/like在此意为“如同；像……一样”。
77. them 此处用them指代上文提到的那些将会永远改变你的生活的极少数的人。
78. time 结合本段的小标题“Value time”和空格后面的两句话可推知，此处指要珍惜他人的时间。
79. waiting 结合上下文内容可推知，此处指迟到意味着你认为你值得更多并且因此让他们等你，故此处
填waiting。
80. But 空格前后的内容之间存在转折关系，故用but。
此处指尽管在失败多次，经常失败，在交友和工
作中遇到失败，但请不要失去你的信心。
81. success/succeed 结合上文可推知，此处指如果你能从失败中学习并成长，那么你就更善于寻找到成
功的道路。
the way to success/succeed意为“成功之道”。