2017届高考语法填空非谓语动词常考点

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专题四非谓语动词常考点

非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。解答非谓语动词的题目时,一定要解析句子结构,确定所设空是谓语动词还是非谓语动词,以及非谓语动词在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补);找准相关动词的逻辑主语,确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动);搜索句子中相关的时间信息,确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。

非谓语功能形式

动名词

具有名词功能,常在句中作

主语,宾语

主动式doing

被动式being done

完成式

having done/having

been done

现在

分词

表主动和正在进行,常在

句中作定语,状语,宾补

一般式doing

完成式having done

过去

分词

表被动和已完成,常在句中

作定语,状语,补语

一般式done

进行式being done

完成式having been done

动词

不定式

表将来具体某一次,常在句

中作主语,定语,状语,补

语,宾语等

一般式to do/to be done

进行式to be doing

完成式

to have done/to have

been done

1动名词和不定式作主语

①如果表语是不定式,主语也是不定式;表语是动名词,主语也是动名词。如:

To see is to believe.=Seeing is believing.

②动名词作主语的句型。如:

It is no use/no good/useless doing sth.

It is a waste of time doing(也可用It is a waste of time to do)

③动词不定式和动名词的复合结构:

动词不定式的复合结构有两种:It is difficult/easy/possible/necessary/...for sb. to do sth.和It is kind/wise/foolish/considerate/...of sb. to do。

动名词的复合结构是由名词所有格或“物主代词+动名词”构成。在口语和非正式语体中,只要不是作主语,动名词复合结构中的逻辑主语常采用名词通格或人称代词宾格。如:

His coming made me happy.

I can't imagine his/him living there alone.

④动名词被动式作主语(过去分词不可作主语)。如:

Being exposed to the sunlight for a long time does harm to your skin.

完成下列句子:

①It's foolish ____________________________(你相信他说的话).

②It's impossible ____________________________(他做这样的事).

③Do you mind ____________________________(我抽烟)?

④It's no use ____________________________(你和他争辩).

⑤________(go) abroad is an honour to me.

⑥________(take) abroad is an honour to me.

⑦________(devote) to his work made him succeed.

2动名词和不定式作宾语

①下面的动词要求用不定式作宾语:

attempt(企图),afford(负担得起),demand(要求),long(渴望),desire(渴望),expect,hope,wish,want,swear(发誓),volunteer(自愿),offer(提供),fail(未能),plan,care(关心,喜欢),happen(碰巧),prepare(准备),learn(学习),choose(选择),hesitate(犹豫),claim(要求),promise,undertake(承接),appear(似乎),seek(寻觅),refuse(拒绝),decide(决定),determine(决定),manage(设法),pretend(假装),agree(同意),bother(烦恼),intend(想要),wait(等待)

②下面的动词只能用动名词作宾语:

acknowledge(承认),admit(承认),deny(否认),mention(说到,讲到),tolerate/stand/bear(忍受),dislike(不喜欢),advocate(提倡,主),appreciate(感激,欣赏),avoid(避免),enjoy(享受),envy(嫉妒),delay(延迟),postpone(延迟,延期),escape(逃跑,逃避),excuse/pardon/forgive(原谅),fancy(幻想,爱好),imagine(想象),favour(造成,偏爱),mind(介意),miss(错过),finish(完成),resist(抵抗),risk(冒险),involve(包含),practise(实践),suggest/advise/recommend(建议),prevent(阻止),keep(保持),quit/abandon(放弃,停止),understand(理解),include(包括)

③后接动名词作宾语的动词短语和句型有:

have(no/much/some/...) difficulty/trouble/a hard time(in),take pleasure in,spend time/money (in),waste time(in),be worth,be busy,feel like,be committed to

④to作为介词的短语有:

look forward to,pay attention to,object to=be opposed to,be devoted to,stick to,come close to(差一点),get down to(开始认真做),get/be accustomed/used to(doing), lead to=contribute to(sb. doing/being done)

⑤allow,permit,forbid,advise,recommend的用法:

allow/permit/forbid/advise/recommend+doing

allow/permit/forbid/advise/recommend+sb.+to do如:

I don't allow smoking in my room.

I don't allow him to smoke in my room.

用所给词的适当形式填空:

①We agreed ________(meet) here but so far she hasn't turned up yet.

②The discovery of the new evidence led to the thief ________(catch).

③Janey pretended __________(write) when her mother came in.

④I can hardly imagine Peter ________(sail) across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.

⑤The doctor advised him ________(stop) smoking.

3注意区别下列动词后接不定式和动名词

①forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事(此事未做)

forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)

remember to do sth. 记得去做某事(未做)

remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已做)

②stop to do 停止(某件事),目的是去做另一件事

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