中考英语语法动词不定式的构成
第十二章动词不定式(思维导图+知识梳理+好题精炼)2022-2023初中英语中考语法归纳
第十二章动词不定式思维导图知识梳理一、不定式概述动词不定式的基本形式是:“t o+动词原形”,有时可以不带to.不带to的不定式与动词原形同形,但它不是原形,而是一种语法形式.除基本助动词do和情态动词外,英语动词都有不定式形式.动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语,但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分－主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语.动词不定式和它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语.不定式有时态、语态变化(以do为例):动词不定式的句法作用(一)作主语用作主语的动词不定式通常表示一种具体的、特定的行为,其谓语动词用第三人称单数形式.To obey the laws is everyone's duty.服从法律是每个人的职责.How to use the computer is a question.怎么使用计算机是一个问题.How to get there is not decided yet.怎样去那里还没决定下来.点拨(1)在很多情况下,常用it作形式主语,而把真实主语不定式放在谓语之后.It was difficult to sell my car.我的车很难卖掉.It's not known where to stay for the night.在哪里过夜还不知道.(2)如果要表示不定式的动作是谁做的,一般在不定式前加一个for短语.It will be a regret for us not to help him.我们没有帮助他是个遗憾.(3)在某些形容词(如kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, considerate, rude, naughty, impolite等)作表语时,不定式前常可加一个以of引起的短语,来说明不定式指的是谁的情况.It would be rude of us to refuse their invitation.(我们)拒绝他们的邀请,会显得无礼.(二)作表语作表语,一般紧跟在系动词,如:be, seem, get等后面,用以说明主语.The question is when to start.问题是什么时候启程.You seem to have lost weight.你好像减肥了.What we have to do first is to find a solution.我们得做的第一件事是找出一个解决办法.点拨当不定式所作的表语仅用来说明主语的内容时,这个不定式只作单纯的表语,而不具有未来的含义.(三)作宾语能以不定式作宾语的动词很多,常见的有:agree, begin, decide, expect, forget, hope, learn, like, manage, pretend, start, try, want, wish等.Do you wish to see the manager?你想见经理吗?They decided to learn English hard.他们决定好好学英语.Don't forget to meet me at 6:00.别忘了六点钟和我见面.有些动词,如:tell, advise, show, teach, know, forget, learn , remember, show,understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, decide, discuss等后面,常用带疑问词的不定式作宾语.We don't know who(whom)to ask.我们不知道问谁.We asked how to get to the station.我们问怎么到达车站.Have you decided where to go for your holidays?你们决定到哪儿度假了吗?I don't know whether to apply for the job or not?那份工作我不知道申请还是不申请?(四)作定语I have no time to waste.我没有时间可浪费.Let me find a place to park.我来找个停车的地方.He is always the first to come to work and the last to leave.他总是第一个来上班,最后一个走.点拨不定式修饰something, anything, nothing时,放在它们的后面.如果something, anything, nothing 有形容词来修饰,词序是something(nothing...)+形容词＋不定式.My father had something to do.我父亲有事要办.Have you got anything important to buy?你有什么重要的东西要买吗?(五)作状语不定式常可用作状语,修饰动词,表示行为的目的、结果、原因等.一般放在被修饰词之后,但在表示目的时,为了强调也可放在句首.1.作目的状语为加强语气在否定式前还可加上in order或so as组成词组(即:in order to...,so as to...),作状语表示目的.To live a long and healthy life, we must learn to have a balanced diet.为了能过长寿而健康的生活,我们必须懂得吃均衡的食品.I stayed there so as to see what would happen.我留在那儿,为的是想看看会发生什么事.In order to help him, we would do everything we can.为了帮助他,我们愿意尽一切力量.2.作结果状语表结果,其逻辑主语通常亦是全句的主语.在“so...as to...”“such...as to..“enough to...”“only to...”以及“too...to...”等结构中的不定式皆表示结果.She is old enough to go to school.她已到了可以上学的年龄了.He was too drunk to drive home.他酩酊大醉,没法开车回家.3.作原因状语She trembled to think of the terrible accident.想到那可怕的车祸,她就不寒而栗.We jumped with joy to hear the news.听到这消息,我们都高兴地跳了起来.(六)宾语补足语1、有很多动词的后面都可以有不定式作宾语补足语常见的这类动词有:advise, ask, tell, help, wish, want, expect, forbid, persuade, press, request, teach, warn等.She asked her grandfather to play game with her.她请爷爷跟她一起做游戏.Mother told me to cook the meal.妈妈叫我做饭.2.有一些动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式通常不带to,这种动词有两类:一类是感觉动词,另一类是使役动词感觉动词:如feel, see, hear, watch, notice等.使役动词:如make, let, have等.Let me do it for you.让我来替你做.Don't let her go out.别让她出去.I made him work hard.我迫使他加劲干.(1)动词help之后,复合宾语中的不定式可带to,亦可不带to.在上述动词转换为被动结构时,其后的不定式必须带to.He was seen to enter the theatre.有人看见他走进了剧院.I was made to do my homework the whole night.我被迫整晚做作业.Can you help me (to) move this table?你能帮我移动一下这张桌子吗?(2)感官动词的宾语补足语有两种形式:不带to的不定式和动词-ing形式.I heard Meimei singing in her room when I went past.我路过的时候听见梅梅在房间里唱歌.(路过的瞬间正在唱,所以用singing)We often hear Meimei sing in her room.我们经常听见梅梅在房间里唱歌.(经常听见,用不定式)I saw him come in.I saw him coming in.两句话的意思都一样:我看见他进来.用不定式着重于动作的全过程,用动词-ing形式则是强调当时动作的进行情况.3.当谓语动词为think, make, find, consider, feel, regard等词,作宾语的不定式后面有宾语补足语时,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放在补足语的后面I find it easy to learn English well.我发现要把英语学好很容易.三、不定式的主要句型及注意事项(一)不定式的否定式不定式的否定式:not+不定式,经常和ask(tell)sb. to do sth.句型连用.She asked me not to drive him to the station.她要我不要开车送他到车站.Try not to be late.争取不要迟到.Mary asked me not to give my pen to Jimmy.玛丽让我别把笔给吉米.She decided not to come here again.她决定不再到这儿来.点拨不定式的否定式和否定句的区别:I asked him not to open the door.我让他别把门打开.I didn't ask him to open the door.我没让他把门打开.(二)不定式的进行时态进行式:表示在谓语动词所表示的动作或状态发生时正在进行.It's nice to be sitting here with you.在这儿陪你坐着是非常愉快的.It is unwise for him to be talking that topic all the time.他老是谈论这件事,很不明智.(三)不定式的完成时态完成式表示在谓语动词的动作或状态发生时已经完成.She said she was sorry to have missed you.她说她没见到你很遗憾.He seemed to have visited our factory.他好像参观过我们的工厂.They appeared to have met before.他们看来以前见过面.(四)动词不定式的被动语态表示被动意义I didn't want to be told about it.我不想被告知这件事.Nothing seems to have been forgotten.似乎什么也没有被遗忘.The building is said to have been destroyed in a fire two years ago.据说这幢大楼两年前已毁于一场大火.在以某些形容词,如kind, good, silly, honest, bad, stupid, bold, clever, cruel,courteous, nice, rude, sensible, tactful, wise, wrong等作表语时,后面需用以“of+名词(或代词宾格)＋不定式”结构,以说明不定式所表示的动作的执行者是谁(即of短语是不定式的逻辑主语).It's very good of you to come.谢谢你的光临.How silly of you (it is)to make such a mistake!你出了这样的差错,多傻啊！It's very kind of you to say so.多谢你这么说.在had better, had best, would rather, would rather...than, would sooner, would sooner...than, cannot but, do nothing but等结构后面的不定式要省略“to”.You had better write it in English.你最好用英文写.I would rather stay at home.我宁愿待在家里.好题精练一、用-ing形式或不定式的适当形式完成句子1.Do you enjoy_________ football?(play)2.Fred didn't have any money, so he decided_________ a job.(take)3.We're going out for dinner, Would you like_________ us?(join)4.The teacher reminded the students_________ their test paper on time.(finish)5.When I was tired, I enjoyed_________ TV.(watch)6.It was a nice day, so the old man agreed_________ for a walk.(go)7.I'm not in a hurry, I don't mind_________.(wait)答案:1.playing2.to take3.to join4.to finish5.watching6.to go7.waiting二、选择括号内所给词组完成句子,注意括号内“go+v.-ing形式”构成固定搭配的用法(go boating; go fishing; go dancing; go running; go skating; go hunting; go singing)1.She's a good dancer. She always_________ on Saturday.2.I've got a gun. I'll_________ with that strong hunter next weekend.3.“Where is Tim?”“He has. _________ He always runs in the morning.”4.We have enough fish to eat. Our father_________ every day.答案:1.goes dancing2.go hunting3.gone running4.goes fishing三、仿照示例改写下列句子示例:It is very interesting to play baseball.→ To play baseball is very interesting.1.lt was not polite to speak that way before Mr. Lee.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.It can be quite easy to travel by air.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.lt will be no problem to arrive there before noon.____________________________________________________________________________________________4.To make those strangers believe us was so difficult.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.To help Tom speak Chinese well is not at all easy.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案:1.To speak that way before Mr. Lee was not polite.2.To travel by air can be quite easy.3.To arrive there before noon will be no problem.4.It was so difficult to make those strangers believe us.5.It is not at all easy to help Tom (to) speak Chinese well.四、选择填空1. _________ the bookstore, he stopped_________ a few books.A. Passing; buyingB. Passing; to buyC. To pass; buyingD. Having passed; to buy2.Bruce,look at your dirty shoes, You'd better_________ them right now.A. washedB. washingC. washD. to wash3. _________ the room, I found the computer_________.A. Entering; stealingB. Entering; stolenC. To enter; stealD. To enter; stealing4.We've worked hard for nearly one hour. Let's stop_________ a rest now.A. haveB. to haveC. havingD. have had5.My mother always tells me not_________ to the net bars(网吧)．A. goB. to goC. goesD. going6.The teacher asked us_________ English for half an hour in the morning.A. reads B reading C. to read D. read7.You will have to get up early tomorrow. Stop_________ TV, Peter.A. watchesB. watchC. to watchD. watching8.I find it hard_________ English well.A. learnB. learningC. to learnD. learns9.The teacher asked John_________ a short talk in our class meeting.A. giveB. to giveC. gaveD. giving10.The girl was too poor_________ a houseA. to buy; to live inB. to buy ;to liveC. buy; to liveD. buying; living in11.It was very late at night, but Mr. Brown still went on_________.A. works B .worked C. working D. work12.Remember_________ him about it before he goes away.A. tellB. to tellC. tellingD. to telling13.Lin Tao is strong enough_________ the big box.A. carryB. to carryC. carryingD. carries14.Her mother told her_________ in bed.A. not readB. not to readC. don't readD. to not read15.When class began, we stopped_________ to the teacher carefully.A. listeningB. listenC. listens D .to listen16.You'd better_________ the cinema by bus.A. don't goB. to goC. to go toD. go to17.What did the manager_________ you to_________ at the meeting?A. tell; sayB. ask; speakC. tell; speakD. ask; talk18.Tom was let_________ in the gate house.A. waitB. to waitC. waitingD. to have waited19.Mr.Hu has enough time_________ the job in two days.A. finishB. to finishC. finishingD. finished20.Look,the building_________ is our library.A. is repairedB. being repairedC. repairingD. to be repairing21. _________ no money, I could not buy this coat.A. HaveB. HavingC. To haveD. Have had22.The teacher has something important_________ us.A. to tellB. tellsC. tellingD. told23.Li Ming didn't know_________ next.A. to do whatB. what to doC. how to doD. what do24.I'd love_________ to your birthday party.A. comeB. cameC. to comeD. comes25.It took me two hours_________ by bus.A. to get thereB. to get to thereC. get thereD. get to there答案:1-5BCBBB 6-10CDCBA11-15CBBBD 16-20DABBB21-25 BABCA五、改正下列句子的错误1.He seems to not hear from her.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.I hope see you soon.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.I made them to give the money back.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.The scientist gave us some advice on how learning English.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.No one noticed him to leave the room.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.Have you given up to smoke?____________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.We found him waited at the school gate.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.Why not to turn off the light?____________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.She didn't want me go.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 10.I don't know to swim.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 11.China is a developed country belonging to the third world.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 12.It's getting dark. We have to find a hotel to live.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 13.He said he had an important meeting to attended.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 14.They don't allow that people smoke.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 15.It's difficult sell my car.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案:1.He seems not to...2.I hope to see...3.I made them give...4....how to learn...5....him leave...6....given up smoking?7...him waiting...8.Why not turn off...9.She didn't want me to go.10.I don't know how to swim.11....a developing...12....to live in13....to attend.14. ...people to smoke.15...to sell my car.。
2023年中考英语语法专题：非谓语动词之动词不定式(to do)) 课件
3.用作宾补（V.+ sb. + to do）
eg: 她要我帮她 She asked me to help her.
eg: 老师告诉他让他准时来 The teacher told him to come on time.
eg: 汤姆的妈妈教他读英语 Tom’s mother taught him to read English.
动词不定式
定义：不定式的构成是to+动词原形，当然to有时也可 以省略。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，可以作除谓语 外的任何成分。
肯定式：to + 动词原形 否定式：not to + 动词原形
1.用作主语
A.动词不定式做主语，谓语动词用单数。
eg: 眼见为真 To see is to believe. eg: 学好英语对我们来说很重要 To learn English well is important for us.
2.用作宾语（V.+ to do）
eg: 我想买一台新电脑 I want to buy a new computer. eg: 我决定回家 I decide to go home.
eg: 她希望能找到一份更好的工作 She hopes to find a better job.
常用动词不定式作宾语 的动词有：hope, refuse, learn, need, choose, decide, agree, start, begin, like, try, plan.
Practice
1. Let him __fin_i_sh__ (finish) the work at once. 2. ——Is Wang Fang good at drawing?
中考英语语法精讲精练--非谓语动词
非谓语动词
如： I'm glad_to_meet you. (to meet作glad的宾语)见到你很高兴。 ③不定式和疑问词连用作宾语。 如：when to do(什么时候做)；how to do(怎样做)； what to do(做什么)；why to do(为什么做)； where to do(在哪儿做)；which to do(做哪一个)等。
succeed in(成功)
stop…from(阻止……做)
keep…from(阻止)
prevent…from(阻止……做)
depend on(依靠)
spend…in(在……花费)
be interested in(对……感兴趣)
be proud of(以……为骄傲/自豪)
非谓语动词 (非谓语动词)
To_learn_maths is very important. ＝It is very important to learn maths.学数学很重要。 3．省略to的不定式 使役动词和感官动词，后带宾语，再接不定式作宾 补时，主动语态时不定式要省略to，被动语态时要补 上to。
非谓语动词
常考的有： make sb.do sth.使某人做某事 let sb.do sth.让某人做某事 have sb.do sth.使某人做某事 watch sb.do (doing) sth.注视某人(正在)做某事 notice sb.do (doing) sth.注意某人(正在)做某事
英语语法之动词不定式
动词不定式语态
注意：1) 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型 2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。 3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型 (对)To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。 (错)It is to believe to see.
动词不定式时态
1) 现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。 He seems to know this. I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again. 我希望再见到你。
注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。 TБайду номын сангаасe question is how to put it into practice. 问题是怎样把它付诸实施。
3)当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即：主语＋动 词＋it＋补语＋to do句式。如： We think it quite important for us to learn a foreignlanguage well. He feels it his duty to help the poor. I find it difficult to learn English well.
动词不定式的构成与用法
动词不定式的构成与用法动词不定式是指动词的一种形式，在句子中可以作为名词、形容词或副词来使用。
它的构成很简单，通常由“to + 动词原形”组成，如to go、to eat等。
不定式在英语语法中扮演着重要的角色，具有多种用法和功能。
本文将详细探讨动词不定式的构成和用法。
一、动词不定式的构成动词不定式的构成非常简单，通常由“to + 动词原形”构成。
不定式的“to”是一个不可分割的部分，用于表示不定式的特殊形式。
动词原形则是不定式的主体部分，可以是及物动词或不及物动词的原形形式。
例如：- to go（前进）- to eat（吃）- to play（玩耍）二、动词不定式作为名词的用法1. 主语：动词不定式可以作为句子的主语，表示动作或状态的概念。
例如：To learn a new language is challenging.（学习一门新语言是具有挑战性的。
）2. 宾语：动词不定式可以作为动词的宾语，接在某些动词后面，表示完成某些动作或任务。
例如：She wants to travel around the world.（她想要环游世界。
）3. 表语：动词不定式可以作为动词be的补语，用来描述主语的身份、状态或特征。
例如：His dream is to become a famous musician.（他的梦想是成为一名著名的音乐家。
）4. 定语：动词不定式可以作为形容词修饰名词，表示目的、原因或用途。
例如：I need a pen to write down my ideas.（我需要一支笔来记录我的想法。
）三、动词不定式作为形容词的用法动词不定式可以作为形容词，修饰名词或代词，表示目的、原因或用途。
例如：She has a book to read on the train.（她有一本书可以在火车上阅读。
）四、动词不定式作为副词的用法动词不定式可以作为副词，用来修饰动词、形容词或副词等，表示目的、结果或方式等。
中考英语专题讲练： 动词不定式(含解析)语法专项练习
动词不定式非谓语动词指的是在句中不能单独作谓语, 但保留动词的某些特征（如有自己的宾语或状语等）的动词形式。
非谓语包括动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词和动名词。
非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化, 但要遵循基本的时态语态规则, 在句中充当各种成分。
一、动词不定式基本构成形式 结构 例句肯定形式to+动词原形The teacher asked his students to finish their homeworkon time.老师让学生们按时完成作业。
否定形式 not to+动词原形Aunt Li often tells her son not to eat too much sugar. 李阿姨经告诫她的儿子不要吃太多的糖。
被动形式 to+be+过去分词He would like to be treated as a child. 他喜欢被当成孩子般看待。
注意: 动词不定式在一些感官动词（see, watch, hear 等）或使役动词（make, let, have 等）的后面, 做宾补时, 通常会省略to, 如:动词不定式知识精讲The boss made me work ten hours a day.=I was made to work ten hours a day by the boss.这个老板让我一天工作十个小时。
二、动词不定式的语法功能动词不定式在句子中可充当主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语（即除谓语之外的各种成分）。
1.不定式作主语1).动词不定式短语作句子主语时，视为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数，如：To make work more efficient is our goal.让工作更有效率是我们的目标。
2).不定式短语作主语时, 为了考虑句子的平衡, 常用it作形式主语, 而将真正的不定式主语放在句子后面, 结构为: It+is/ was+adj.(+for sb.)+动词不定式, 如上一句话也可写成:It’s our goal to make work efficient.我们的目标是让工作更有效率。
动词不定式的构成与用法归纳
动词不定式的构成与用法归纳动词不定式是英语中的一种非谓语动词形式，通常由“to”+动词原形构成。
它具有独立使用和与其他动词共同构成动词短语的特点。
本文将对动词不定式的构成和用法进行归纳总结。
一、动词不定式的构成动词不定式的构成方法是在动词原形前加上“to”，几乎所有动词都可以构成不定式，但有一些特殊情况需要注意。
1. 一般情况大部分动词都能直接在原形前加上“to”构成相应的不定式，例如：to eat（吃）、to sleep（睡觉）等。
例句：She wants to eat an apple.（她想吃一个苹果。
）2. 情态动词后接不定式情态动词后面跟的动词不定式不需要再加上“to”，例如：can/could、may/might、will/would等。
例句：He can swim very well.（他游泳技术很好。
）3. 感官动词后接不定式感官动词（see、watch、hear等）后面跟的动词不定式也不需要再加上“to”。
例句：I heard her sing at the concert.（我听到她在音乐会上唱歌。
）二、动词不定式的用法归纳动词不定式具有多种用法，包括作主语、宾语、定语、状语以及句子的补足语等。
1. 主语动词不定式可以作为句子的主语，通常出现在句子的开头。
例句：To learn a foreign language requires patience and perseverance.（学习一门外语需要耐心和毅力。
）2. 宾语动词不定式可以作为及物动词的宾语，说明动作的对象或者接受者。
例句：I want to visit my grandparents this weekend.（我想在这个周末去拜访我的祖父母。
）3. 定语动词不定式可以作为形容词或名词的修饰语，起到进一步限定和说明的作用。
例句：This is a good book to read.（这是一本值得阅读的好书。
初三英语语法点拨动词不定式的用法与实例
初三英语语法点拨动词不定式的用法与实例初三英语语法点拨：动词不定式的用法与实例在初三英语的学习中，动词不定式是一个非常重要的语法点。
掌握动词不定式的用法对于我们正确理解和运用英语句子有着至关重要的作用。
接下来，让我们一起深入了解动词不定式的奇妙世界。
一、动词不定式的构成动词不定式的基本形式是“to ＋动词原形”，其中“to”是动词不定式的符号，没有实际意义。
例如：“to study”（学习）、“to play”（玩耍）。
需要注意的是，在某些情况下，“to”可以省略。
例如，在使役动词（let, make, have）和感官动词（see, hear, watch, feel, notice 等）后作宾语补足语时，要省略“to”。
例如：“Let him go”（让他走。
）“I saw her come in”（我看见她进来了。
）二、动词不定式的用法1、作主语动词不定式作主语时，通常位于句首。
但为了保持句子平衡，常用“it”作形式主语，将真正的主语——动词不定式后置。
例如：“To learn English well i s not easy”（学好英语不容易。
）这句话可以改写为：“Itis not easy to learn English well”2、作宾语一些动词后常接动词不定式作宾语，如：want, hope, wish, decide, plan, expect 等。
例如：“I want to go home”（我想回家。
）“She decides to study harder”（她决定更努力学习。
）3、作宾语补足语某些动词（如：ask, tell, want, teach, allow 等）后可接带“to”的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
例如：“The teacher asked us to do our homework carefully”（老师要求我们认真做作业。
）4、作定语动词不定式作定语时，要放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。
动词不定式的形式初中英语语法资料
动词不定式的形式初中英语语法资料
1.动词不定式的一般形式：
不定式的一般形式是"to + 动词原形"，如：to eat, to read, to dance等。
2.动词不定式的否定形式：
不定式的否定形式是在"to"之前加上"not"，构成"not + to + 动词
原形"，如：not to eat, not to read, not to dance等。
3.动词不定式的一般疑问形式：
不定式的一般疑问形式是将"to"放在动词原形之前，构成"to + 动词
原形 + ?"，如：to eat? to read? to dance?等。
4.动词不定式的完成形式：
不定式的完成形式是在"to"后面加上have，再加上动词的过去分词
形式，构成"to have + 过去分词"，如：to have eaten, to have read, to have danced等。
5.动词不定式的被动形式：
不定式的被动形式是在"to"后面加上be，再加上动词的过去分词形式，构成"to be + 过去分词"，如：to be eaten, to be read, to be danced等。
需要注意的是，动词不定式在句子中充当动词，可以用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等，具体用法要根据句子的结构和语境进行判断。
在一
些特殊情况下，动词不定式可能省略"to"，例如：let me go, make him stop等。
易错点08 非谓语动词之动词不定式(解析版)
易错点08非谓语动词之动词不定式在中考语法项目中，主要考查动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语。
动词不定式由“to+动词原形” 构成，有时to省略，直接由动词原形构成。
否定式由“not to+动词原形”构成。
如：We decided to go on hiking though we were tired. 虽然我们很累，但是我们决定继续远足。
The girl tried not to wake up her mother. 这女孩尽量不吵醒她妈妈。
动词不定式作宾语（1）接不定式作宾语的动词（“动词+to do” 结构）常见的有：learn 学会plan 计划decide 决定try 尽力choose 选择agree 同意refuse 拒绝pretend 假装offer 主动would like / want 想要expect 期望hope / wish 希望promise 承诺afford 负担得起prefer 喜欢help 帮助(help to do / help do) like 喜欢(like to do / doing)continue 继续(continue to do / doing) begin / start 开始(begin / start to do / doing)如：I would like to have a sandwich. 我想要吃一个三明治。
（2）动词不定式作宾语，置句末，前面用it指代不定式，it是形式宾语。
如：We found it difficult to understand what you said. 我们发现很难理解你所说的话。
（3）有的动词在不定式前可加上疑问词（who，what，which等）作宾语（即“动词+疑问词+to do” 结构），常见的有：show 表明、指示；know 知道；tell 告诉；teach 教；learn 学习；decide 决定。
中考英语语法动词不定式精讲课件(22张)
的
decide sb. to do sth. encourage sb. to do sth.
黑
help sb. do sth.
胖
plan sb. to do sth./promise sb. to do sth.
娃
want sb. to do sth. ask sb. to do sth.
娃
would like sb. to do
like/love to do (一次性的动作)
She likes to swim.
like/love doing (习惯/经常性的动作)
stop/go on 两件事情
stop to do (停下当下做的事去做另一件事情)
I'm tired. Let's stop to have a rest.
stop doing (停止正在做的事情)
表语：系动词之后，表明主语性质、状态、身份…
动词不定式可以放在be动词后作表语
作
表
My work is to clean the room every day.
语
2
decide 决定； expect期望；forget忘记； fail 失败； try尽力 prefer 更喜欢...... 作
宾
语
I hope to have a party tomorrow.
作
宾
补
Tina told her sister to turn down the TV.
5
tell sb. to do sth.
宾语补足语：用来说明宾语的性质，身份，特征和行为等情况。。
常考动词不定式作宾语补足语：
她
tell sb. to do sth./It takes sb. to do sth.
初中九年级英语动词不定式和宾语从句语法
动词不定式动词不定式无人称和数的变化，在句子中不能做谓语，其构成为“to+动词原形”，否定式为“not to+动词原形”。
当我们要表达“想要做某事want to do sth．、需要做某事need to do sth．或决定做某事decide to do sth．”时，就会出现两个动词连用的情况。
一．动词不定式在句子中作主语。
1.不定式作主语时，谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式。
To learn a foreign language is useful.这里的to learn a foreign language是动词不定式，在句子中作主语。
为了避免主语太长，谓语太短，一般会用it作形式主语，后面以不定式作实际主语，即It+形容词/名词+to do sth．。
如上句可改写为：It is useful to learn a foreign language.例：It is difficult to speak a foreign language well. = To speak a foreign language well is difficult. It is necessary to remember enough words. = To remember enough words is necessary.2. 带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首，复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。
（复合不定式结构：有时为了指明不定式动作的逻辑主语，即动作的执行者，常用介词for 或of引导出逻辑主语，其一般形式为：it is + 形容词+ for / of +名词或物主代词+ to do.）如：How to make requests politely is important. 如何有礼貌地提出请求很重要。
Where to go is not decided yet. 要去哪里还没做出决定。
It's good for you to walk after supper. 晚饭后散步对你是有益的。
中考英语语法动词不定式知识点
中考英语语法动词不定式知识点以下是中考英语语法中常见的动词不定式知识点：1.动词不定式的结构：- to + 动词原形：例如 to eat, to sleep。
- 动词原形：用于口语中，或在一些情况下省略 to，例如 Let me go。
2.动词不定式作主语：- It + be + 形容词 + to do：例如 It is important to study hard.- To do 表达强调：例如 To meet her is my dream.3.动词不定式作宾语：- 动词 + to do：例如 I want to play basketball.- 动词 + 不定式，如希望 hope, plan, decide, promise等：例如 I hope to see you again.4.动词不定式作补语：- 动词 + 名词/形容词 + to do：例如 She is happy to help her friend.- 动词 + 不定式，如 want, wish, like, love, hate, prefer等：例如 I want you to clean your room.5.情态动词后接动词不定式：- can, could, may, might 后接动词不定式表达能力或可能性。
- must, have to, need to 后接动词不定式表达必要性或需要。
6.动词不定式的否定形式：- not + to do：例如 I decided not to go to the party.- 动词 + not to do：例如 She asked me not to tell anyone.7.动词不定式形式的变化：- 过去式：to do → to h ave done- 完成式：to do → to be done- 进行式：to do → to be doing以上只是动词不定式的一些基本知识点，但需要根据具体语境和句子结构进行灵活运用。
2024年中考英语一轮语法专题动词不定式及感官动词课件
动词不定式及
感官动词
一、动词不定式
构成：to＋动词原形，其中to是不定式符号，没 有实际意义，有时可以不带to。 否定形式：not to＋动词原形
I will try to do the work by myself.
动词不定式的常见用法
用法 作宾语
说明
常接动词不定式作宾语的 动词有want, refuse, decide, hope, agree, wish, learn, choose等。
It’s important to be on time.
作 动词不定式作定语时， 定 应放在被修饰的名词或 语 代词之后。
He is always the first one to get to school.
作 表
常位于连系动词be后面。
His dream is to be a teacher.
river. It’s too dangerous!
A. to not swim B. not to swim
C. not swim
D. not swimming
4.(河北)The trip ____A____ really exciting to me. How I
wish to go!
A. sounds B. smells C. tastes D. feels
B C
3.Your idea A good.Let’s give it a try and see if it
will work.
4.This pair of socks __C_____ soft. I’ll take _______.
A. feel; it B. feels; it C. feels; them D.feels;they
中考英语总复习之动词不定式-详解与练习
概念:动词不定式由to+动词原形构成。
这里的to是不定式标志,没有词义。
不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能,又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。
可以做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语。
一、作主语动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：(1）把不定式置于句首.如：To get there by bike will take us half an hour。
（2）用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中.如：①It＋be＋名词＋to doIt's our duty to take good care of the old.②It takes sb+some time+to doHow long did it take you to finish the work?③It＋be＋形容词＋b＋to doIt is difficult for us to finish for swriting the composition in aquarter of an hour。
在句型③中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如：easy，difficult，hard,important，possible，impossible，comfortable，necessary,better; the first，the next,the last,the best,too much，too little，not enough④It＋be＋形容词＋of sb＋to doIt is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says.在句型④中,常用careless,clever，good,foolish,honest，kind，lazy，nice,right,silly,stupid,wise rude，clever,foolish，thoughtful, thoughtless（欠考虑的；不考虑的）,brave,considerate(考虑周到的)，selfish（自私的）等表示赞扬或批评的词。
2024中考英语二轮复习语法专项：非谓语动词课件(42张PPT).ppt
考点五:作定语
1. 动词不定式(短语)作定语时，常放在所修饰词之后。 e.g. I have some clothes to wash.
2. 不及物动词的不定式作定语，与被修饰的词有逻辑上的 被动关系时，不定式后面的介词通常不能省略; 不定式 修饰名词time/place/way时, 其后的介词则常省略。 e.g. He is looking for a room to live in. My grandma used to have no place to live.
• 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，宾语是它的逻辑主语。 e.g. Just now I heard my sister crying in the room. I didn’t see you come in. Don’t keep us waiting for a long time.
考点五: 作定语
• 非谓语动词是动词的一种形式。 • 非谓语动词在句中不能作谓语。 • 非谓语动词是中考考点之一。
动词不定式
一、动词不定式的构成
英语里的不定式分为带to的不定式(to do)和不带to的不定式 (do或动词原形)。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。 ✓ 动词不定式的肯定式: to+动词原形。有时可以省略to。
考点五:作定语
3. 不定式修饰复合不定代词时放在后面，即something/ anything/nothing … + 不定式。 e.g. I had something cold to dink.
考点六:作状语
动词不定式(短语)可在句中表示目的，作目的状语，可位于 句首或句末；还可表示原因，作原因状语。 e.g. To get a good seat she arrived at the hall early. (表示目的)
中考英语 语法专题 非谓语动词讲解素材
非谓语动词考点一、动词不定式一、构成不定式由“ to＋动词原形” 构成，其否定形式是在to 前加not。
在句子中，不定式可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。
注意：1、 在kind,good,nice,clever,等表示人的品质、特征的形容词后，不用for 而用of例：你那样做真是太聪明了。
________________________________________________2、 一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时要省略to.这些动词有：一感（feel ）,二听（hear, listen to ）、三让（let,make,have ）、四看（look at,see,watch,notice ）,但这些动词变成被动语态时，必须还原to 例：The boss made them work the whole night 。
____________________________________________________3、 不定式作定语：如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有被动关系，要在不定式后面加上介词。
例：没什么可担心的。
______________________________________________________4、常和疑问词 what ， which ， who ， whom ， how ， when ， where ， whether 等连用，相当于宾语从句。
它们常用在 know ，wonder ，ask ，tell ，decide 等动词的后面，该结构也可在句中作主语或表语。
例：The problem is how to get to the hotel.老师正告诉学生们要做什么。
_____________________________________________________________考点二、分词一、构成分为现在分词和过去分词两种。
2022年中考英语专题备考动词不定式及短语动词的用法归纳讲与练
动词不定式及短语动词的用法归纳讲与练动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，在句中不能作谓语，没有人称和数的变化。
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。
动词不定式和后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等。
今天我们来学习动词不定式及短语动词的用法。
一、动词不定式的结构动词不定式的基本结构为“to+动词原形”，其中to是动词不定式符号，称为小品词，有时to可以省略。
否定形式：“not+ to+动词原形”。
动词不定式可以与疑问词what，which，when，where，how等连用。
I dont know what to do next. 我不知道下一步该怎么办。
二、动词不定式的用法（一）不定式作宾语动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后用作宾语。
Nobody knew why she agreed to help Ian. 没人知道她为什么同意帮助伊恩。
不定式作宾语时有三点需要注意：1. 如果and连接两个动词不定式，第二个动词不定式一般省略to。
He wants to go and have a swim with us. 他想和我们一起去游泳。
2. 如果作宾语的不定式带有自己的补足语，则需用it作形式宾语，而真正的不定式宾语置于补足语之后，构成“主语+谓语+it+宾语补足语（名词/形容词）+to do sth.”结构。
He found it hard to catch up with others. 他发现很难赶上别人。
我们初中阶段常用的能接动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：agree （同意），hope （希望），decide （决定），wish （希望），fail （失败），want （想要），would like （想要），ask （请求），choose （选择）等。
为了便于记忆，请看下面的口诀：希望想要做决定（hope，wish，want，decide）学会同意和答应（learn，agree，promise）碰巧没能计划好（happen，fail，plan）拒绝提供再准备（refuse，offer，prepare）注意：下面的四对短语在实际运用中是存在很大差异的。
2017年中考英语语法专题详解十
专题⼗⾮谓语动词 ⼀、动词不定式 1、构成：动词不定式基本形式为： to+动词原形。
有些动词不定式不带to。
否定形式为：not (to)+动词原形。
2、功能及⽤法： (1)、⽤作主语 多数情况⽤it作形式主语，把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。
动词不定式作主语，谓语动词⽤第三⼈称单数形式。
如： For him, to talk with his mother is necessary.=It is necessary for him to talk with his mother. (2)、⽤作表语 动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。
常可转换成主语。
如： The best way to improve your English is to join an English club.=To join an English club is the best way to improve your English. (3)、⽤作宾语 ★可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree)，期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, learn)，宁可拒绝假装知道(prefer, refuse, pretend, know)，希望想要愿意(wish, want/need, would like / love)等。
如： We decided to talk to some students. He prefers to eat white bread and rice. ★动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell...后可⽤“疑问词+to的不定式短语”作宾语，但why后⾯的不定式不带to。
如： Could you please tell me where to park my car? ★动词feel, find, make, think等后⾯，可以⽤it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语—动词不定式，句⼦结构是sb. feel / find / make / ...+ it+adj. / n.+to do...。
初中英语语法——动词不定式重点考点中考实题详解
初中英语语法——动词不定式重点考点中考实题详解动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语。
其构成形式为＂to+动词原形＂，to为动词不定式的符号，本身无意义。
动词不定式具有两大特点：1.具有动词的特点，因此，后面可以跟表语、宾语或状语，构成动词不定式短语。
2.具有名词、形容词或副词的特点，可以在句子中用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语及同位语等。
中考英语试题为例，对不定式的难点以及它在中考英语中的考查点，作一简要的总结和分析。
No.1动词不定式作主语1.It's our duty _________ the room every day.A.to cleanB.cleanedC.cleanD.cleans(甘肃省)2.It's hard for us _________ English well.A.learnB.learnsC.to learnD.learning(江西省)3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。
It will _________ the workers over a year _________ _________ the flyover.(北京市海淀区)4.It's very nice _________ you to get me two tickets _________ the World Cup.(安徽省)A.for，ofB.of，forC.to，forD.of，toKeys：1.A 2.C 3.take，to，build 4.B【解析】动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置，也可以用先行词it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。
常见的句式有：(1)It is +形容词(of sb)to do sth.(2)It is +名词(for sb)to do sth.(3)It takes sb some time to do sth.(4)It is +形容词(for sb)to do sth.句式(1)中常用nice,kind,clever,good,right,wrong,foolish,careless等形容词，与介词of搭配，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质；句式(4)中常用hard,difficult,easy,important等形容词，与介词for搭配，表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。
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动词不定式的构成一、学习目标1.了解动词不定式的含义及结构;2.掌握动词不定式的用法;eg.动词不定式作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语、状语3.掌握动词不定式不带to的情况。
eg. had better do sth.Why not +不带to的不定式二、知识引入根据上句意思完成下句，每空--词。
①He was so angry that he couldn't say anything.He was too angry to say anything.②I don't know when we will have the meeting.I don't know when to have the meeting.③That you read English in the morning is very important.It is very important for you to learn English in the morning.④They got up early so that they could get there in time.They got up early in order to get there in time.⑤His brother decided that he would buy the book.His brother decided to buy the book.解析：①to say ( 动词不定式作结果状语)②to have (疑问词+动词不定式作宾语)③for,toread(it作形式主语)④in order to get (动词不定式作目的状语)⑤to buy (动词不定式作宾语)三、知识讲解1.动词不定式的含义与构成动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,是非谓语动词的一种,它没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能作谓语。
备注：非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词) , 即动词的非谓语形式。
非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。
基本结构动词不定式由“to +动词原形”构成,但有时不带to ;动词不定式的否定形式是"not to +动词原形”。
eg. He decides to leave Beijing. 他决定离开北京。
(否定)：He decides not to leave Beiing.他决定不离开北京。
2.动词不定式的常见用法(1)动词不定式作主语不定式置于句首eg. To get there by bike will take us half an hour.骑自行车到那儿将花费我们半个小时。
To master a language is not an easy thing.掌握一门语言不是一-件容易的事。
①It+is+名词+ to do sth.eg. It's our duty to take good care of the old.照顾老人是我们的责任。
It's a pity that you missed the exciting football match.很遗憾,你错过了这场精彩的足球比赛。
②It takes/took sb. +时间+ to do sth.eg. How long did it take you to finish the work?你花了多少时间来完成这项工作?It took us three years to complete the project.我们花费三年时间才完成了这项工程。
但如果是描述动作执行者的性格、品质的形容词,如kind , nice , smart , clever等时,则应在动词不定式前加of sb.即It+ be+形容词+ of sb. + to do sth.动词(2)不定式作表语动词不定式可放在连系动词be后面,作表语。
eg. My chief purpose is to point out the ificulties of the matter.我的主要目的是指出这件事的困难。
His dream is to be a bus driver.他的梦想是成为一名公交司机。
(3)动词不定式作宾语观察下列句子:①I want to learn more about volunteer. ( to +动词原形作动词want宾语)②|forgot when to go to bed last night.(疑问词+to+动词原形作动词forgot宾语)可以跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有:want, hope , begin , learn, try , decide , forget , remember , like , love , expect ,agree , refuse , wish , plan , afford , choose , would like , need , start, promise , allow等eg. The driver failed to see the other car in time.司机没能及时瞥见另一辆车。
He hoped to be the best basketball player of NBA.他希望成为NBA最好的篮球运动员。
He began to learn English at the age of four.他4岁开始学英语。
it作形式宾语有的及物动词要求跟复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语) ,如果其中的宾语是动词不定式,须将形式宾语it放在宾语的位置上,而将动词不定式(真正的宾语)放在宾语补足语后。
eg. I find it useful to learn English well.我发现学好英语很有用。
I don't feel it difficult to solve the problem.我觉得解决这个问题不难。
巧记用不定式作宾语的动词想要,忘记，拒绝( want , forget , refuse);需要，努力,学习(need , try , learn);喜欢，同意,帮助(like , agree , help);希望,决定,开始( hope/wish , decide , begin/start )备注:动词不定式作宾语，重点是不定式( to +动词原形)作动词的宾语，即哪些动词后跟不定式作宾语,需要特别记忆此类动词。
疑问词what , which , when , where , how等可以不定式连用,然后作动词的宾语,这也是需要注意的一点。
it作形式宾语,也是为了平衡句子结构,避免头重脚轻,将动词不定式(真正的宾语)放在后面。
分析例句: I find it useful to learn English well.I(主语) find(谓语) it(形式宾语) useful (宾补) to learn English (不定式作真正的宾语) well.(4)动词不定式作宾语补足语动词不定式在句子中可以用作宾语补足语,常用的“动词+宾语+不定式"的句子结构;否定形式为“动词+宾语+not to do..."。
eg. My boss told me to type out two letters.我的老板让我打两封信。
They forbid her to leave the country.他们禁止她离开这个国家。
常跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词:advise , allow , ask , beg，cause , direct , encourage , expect , forbid , force , invite ,order , permit , persuade (说服) , remind , request , require , teach , tell , want , warn等。
备注:分析My boss told me to type out two ltters.句中"My boss"做主语, "told”作谓语，"me"作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。
(5)动词不定式作定语(回想定语作用)不定式在句中作定语,放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。
（注：定语修饰名词一般单个词做定语放在被修饰名词前，大于一个词放在被修饰词后，特例：修饰不定代词放后面：something important）eg. The next train to arrive is from Washington.下一列到站的火车是从华盛顿开来的。
I have nothing to say on this question.在这个问题.上我没什么要说的。
（6）动词不定式作状语动词不定式及其短语具有副词的特性,可在句中作状语。
eg. To catch the train, he got up early.为了赶火车,他早早地起床了。
= He got up early to catch the train.注:表目的的连词有: To... only to (仅仅为了)，in order to，so as to，so(such)... as to (如此...以便...)如:①He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.②I come here only to say good-bye to you.,作原因状语eg. I'm sorry to hear that.听到那件事我很难过。
I'm glad to see you.我很高兴见到你。
too.. to结构中,作结果状语。
eg. He is too young to understand all that.他太年轻,不能理解那一切。
练习1，The trees give rewards to the ants, like special branches .A. to liveB. to live inC. livingD. living in答案B解析：考查非谓语动词。
不定式作非谓语,表目的。
; live in"居住....故答案选B。
2，Their plan is money for people who are suffering from this terrible disease.A. raiseB. raisedC. to be raisedD. to raise答案D解析:考查非谓语动词。