中考英语专项复习 动词的时态和语态

（九）动词的时态和语态

01 命题趋势考标导向化

近几年对动词的时态考查主要集中在对一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时和现在完成时六种主要的时态上；对动词被动语态的考查主要以一般现在时、一般过去时的被动语态和含有情态动词的被动语态为主。

02 定义概念清晰化

动词的时态指的是谓语动词用来表示动作或情况发生时的各种动词形式。英语中一共有16种时态，但在初中阶段常考的时态有以下9种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时、过去将来时。考查重点集中在一般现在时在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中的用法、终止性动词在现在完成时中不能与for，since短语或从句连用、have been to与have gone to的用法以及在具体语境中动词的用法等。

动词的语态是表示句子主语与谓语动词之间关系的一种动词形式。英语中的动词语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示的主语是动作的执行者或发出者，被动语态表示的主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是中考中的必考内容之一，其中考查的重点是一般现在时、一般过去时和含有情态动词的被动语态。

03 知识归类知识网络化

1.在时间、条件和让步状语从句中，如果主句谓语动词是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。如：

We’ll have a picnic if it is fine next Sunday.如果下个星期日天气晴朗，我们将去野餐。

I’ll call you as soon as I get to Beijing tomorrow.我明天一到北京就给你打电话。

2.某些表示起始、往返、出发、到达之意的动词，可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排将要发生的动作(此时一般都有一个表示未来时间的状语)。这类动词有：begin, come, go, leave, start, arrive, end, stop, open, close等。如：

The meeting begins at 2:00 p.m. tomorrow.这个会议明天下午2点开始。

The next train leaves at 7 o’clock this evening.下一列火车将在今晚7点离开。

3.现在进行时与always, continually, forever等副词连用，表示反复出现或习惯性的动作，这种用法往往表达说话人的某种感情，如赞扬、遗憾、讨厌或不满等。如：

The rich woman is always laughing at the poor.这个有钱的夫人总是嘲笑穷人。

4.现在完成时中表示短暂动作的动词不能与for, since等引导的时间状语连用。如与一段时间连用，要把瞬间动词转化为意思相近的延续性动词。常见的变化有：

误:I’ve left this school for ten years.

正:I’ve been away from this school for ten years.

【题组训练】

一般现在时与一般过去时

( )1.(2014·徐州)What a surprise to see you here! When ____ you _____back?

A.do;get

B.did;get

C.have;got

D.will;get

( )2.(2014·十堰)—Have you finished using my dictionary? —Yes，I put it back on your desk just now.Who _____ it away?

A.will take

B.is taking

C.took

D.has taken

( )3.(2014·北京)—What do you often do at weekends?

—I often ________ my grandparents.

A.visit

B.visited

C.have visited

D.will visit

( )4.(2014·河南)—Are you going anywhere?

—I _______ about visiting my sister，but I have changed my mind.

A.think B .have thought

C.will think

D.thought ( )5.(2014·云南)If there _______ no buying and selling of animals，there will be no killing in nature.

A.is

B.will be

C.has

D.will have

现在进行时与过去进行时

( )6.(2014·十堰)—The book store _____ a big sale. The books there must be very cheap now.

—Sounds great. Let’s go into it and have a look.

A.will have

B.had

C.is having

D.was having

( )7.(2014·北京)—What were you doing when we were playing basketball yesterday afternoon?

—I _______ the classroom.

A.was cleaning

B.have cleaned

C.will clean

D.clean

( )8.(2014·河北)Someone _____ at the door.Can you open it?

A.knocks

B.knocked

C.is knocking

D.was knocking

( )9.(2014·孝感)—I was at the cinema at 8 o’clock last night.What about you?

—I ________ the Internet at home.

A.am surfing

B.surfed

C.will surf

D.was surfing

( )10.(2014·来宾)—Would you mind turning down your music player?Everybody ________now!

——I’m sorry.I’ll do it right now.

A.sleep

B.slept

C.is sleeping

D.are sleeping

一般将来时与过去将来时

( )11.(2014·河北)I’m busy now. I ______ to you after school this afternoon.

A.talk

B.talked

C.will talk

D.have talked

( )12.(2014·天津)Robots ______more heavy work for us in the future.

A.will do

B.did

C.have done

D.were doing

( )13.(2014·铜仁)There ________ a sports meet in our school next week.

A.is

B.will have

C.are

D.will be

( )14.(2014·河南)—Does this bus go to the beach?

—No.You ________ the wrong way.You want the Number 11.

A.go

B.were going

C.are going

D.would go

( )15.(2014·丽水)Hurry up! The sky is covered with black clouds. I’m afraid it_______ .

A.rains

B.is going to rain

C.rained

D.was raining

现在完成时与过去完成时