词法翻译学生版
翻译技巧一词法翻译法
翻译技巧一词法翻译法词法中文翻译法是一种将英文涉及的词法结构准确转换成中文的翻译方法。
以下是一些词法翻译的技巧:1.词性转换:根据英文词的词性,在中文中选择相应的词性来进行翻译。
例如,将英文动词翻译为中文动词,将英文名词翻译为中文名词等。
2.词序调整:英语中的语序往往与中文不一致,因此在翻译过程中需要调整词语的顺序。
例如,在英文中形容词通常在名词之前,而在中文中通常在名词之后。
3. 词义转换:有些词在不同的语言中具有不同的意义,因此需要根据上下文选择合适的词义进行翻译。
例如,英文单词“present”既可以指“礼物”,也可以指“现在”。
在翻译时需要根据具体语境选择合适的中文词义。
4. 拆分合并:有些英文词在中文中需要拆分成多个词进行翻译,反之亦然。
例如,英文单词“breakfast”可以拆分成“早餐”进行翻译,中文词组“飞机场”可以合并成英文单词“airport”。
5.排序问题:中文和英文在表达时间、地点等信息时,顺序不同。
在翻译过程中需要注意将这些信息按照正确的顺序表达出来。
6. 同音词替换:有些英文词在发音上与中文词相似,可以使用同音词进行翻译。
例如,英文单词“flower”可以使用中文词“花”进行翻译。
7. 翻译成习惯用语:有些英文词没有直接对应的中文词,可以根据上下文和中文语境,将其翻译成习惯用语。
例如,英文表达“keep your chin up”可以翻译成中文的“保持乐观”。
总之,词法中文翻译法需要考虑词性转换、词序调整、词义转换、拆分合并、排序问题、同音词替换和翻译成习惯用语等方面的技巧,以确保翻译准确、地道。
汉英互译学生版-英汉部分
English-Chinese /English-Chinese TranslationWhat is translation?通俗的定义⏹《辞海》:把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来。
⏹《牛津英语词典》:在保留意义的情况下从一种语言转变成另一种语言。
⏹I love you. 我爱你。
⏹Who are you? 你是谁?⏹Today is Monday. 今天是星期一。
⏹One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy.⏹一个和尚挑水喝,两个和尚抬水喝。
三个和尚没水喝⏹他见马克思去了。
⏹He passed away.Word has its meaning in context.上课了?⏹Sauna⏹Pizza⏹Nike⏹Maxwell house⏹Jazz⏹Olay⏹The senator picked up his hat and courage.⏹参议员拾起了帽子,也鼓起了勇气文艺学的定义⏹从文艺学的角度解释翻译,认为翻译是艺术创作的一种形式,强调语言的创造功能,讲究译品的艺术效果Translation is art.⏹My dear father has joined the heavenly choir.⏹My dear father has passed away.⏹My father has died.⏹My old man has just kicked the bucket.⏹升天、过世、死了、翘辫子海上升明月,天涯共此时⏹Rising is the bright moon above the sea,Arising harmonious feeling you and me.⏹A round bright moon above the sea, a faraway homesickness you and me⏹Above the sea, the bright moon is hanging.In our hearts, the nostalgia is feeling.⏹Day after day he came to his work-sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning.Exercises影视片名的翻译transliteration 音译⏹Titanic⏹Mona Lisa⏹Hamletliteral translation 直译⏹My Fair Lady⏹The Graduate⏹Beauty and the Beast⏹Sleepless in Seattle⏹A Walk in the Clouds⏹Blood and Sand⏹The Silence of LampsFree translation 意译⏹Waterloo Bridge⏹Cloud Dancer⏹The Bathing Beauty⏹Gone with the Wind⏹The Red Shoes译名混乱⏹Ghost⏹Pretty Woman⏹Do the Right Thing⏹The House of the Spirits⏹The Sun Also RisesThe properties of translation⏹One servant, two masters⏹一仆二主Criteria of Translating⏹王佐良⏹一切照原作,雅俗如之,深浅如之,口气如之,文体如之。
第二章 词法翻译一般技巧(1--7法)
18)一语道破
hit the nail on the head
19) 充耳不闻 20) 出人头地 21) 吹毛求疵 22) 破釜沉舟 23) 大惊小怪 24) 大海捞针 25) 颠倒黑白 26) 得意忘形 27) 攀龙附凤 28) 大发雷霆 29) 骑虎难下 30) 视而不见
委员会提出那个提案,他们就把它否 决了。
They killed the motion when it came from the committee.
5)不顾具体搭配
由于不同语言有不同的选择限制,汉英两种语言中 某些对应的词语搭配范围是不尽相同的。 首先,使用范围大小不同。 其次,可引申的程度或引申义不同。 最后,上下义词的搭配分工不同。在汉语中泛指一 般动作的动词只能与泛指一般事物的名词搭配,表 示具体动作的动词往往只能与表示具体事物的名词 搭配;英语一般不受此限制。
汉译英句子翻译实例:
41) 这些国家的经济形势每况愈下。 The economic situation in these countries is on the downgrade. 42) 为了迷人眼目,他们把自己打扮成革命者。 In order to throw dust into the eye of the public, they decked themselves out as revolutionaries. 43) 扪心自问,他不得不承认自己是错了。 By searching his heart he could not but admit that he was in the wrong. 44) 他们个个摩拳擦掌,士气很高,准备再打一个漂亮仗。 Every one of them rolled up his sleeves for battle, high in morale and ready to win another brilliant victory. 45) 我们必须全力以赴,拿下这场球。 We must do our level best to win this game.
词法翻译学生版
第二章词法翻译A word may have different meanings in different contents.The meaning of a word is determined by its contents.词法翻译即根据“表达通顺”的需要在词类层次进行的各种处理,包括词性(类)转换、增词或减词、重复或省略、正译或反译、抽象化和具体化等等方法,以达到“表达通顺”之目的,此类方法,大多属于“此路不通,另辟蹊径”。
第一节词类转译词类转译又叫词性转换。
翻译过程中,为了句子通顺的需要,有时需改变原文的词性,不必也不可拘泥于原文的词性:即不能追求词性的对等。
一、转译成动词:1.Vietnamese War is a drain on American resources.2.The government called for the establishment of more technical schools.3.I am so grateful to my father for his continuous encouragement during my childhood.lions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally off poverty.5.It was a very informative meeting.6.This pupil is a good writer.7.I am no drinker, nor smoker.8.I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming. I think my little brot her is a better teacher than I.9.Rockets have found their application for the exploration of the universe.10. Arrogance and complacency turned out to be his ruin.11. The application of electronic computers makes for a tremendous rise in labor productivity.12. Ours is a policy for peace.13. Those Mexicans were great workmen. (jinghao: P.107)14. The Bench was nothing to me but an insensible blunderer.15. He is not an originator, but merely a calculator.二、转译成名词:1. Formality has always characterized their relationship.2. To them, he personified the absolute power.3. It was officially announced that Paris is invited to the conference.4. This instrument is chiefly characterized by its simplicity of structure.5. Glass is more transparent than plastic cloth.6. This problem is no more important than that one.7. A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car.8. Stevenson is eloquent and elegant—but soft.9. Because of Einstein’s theory, scientists never regarded again regar ded the world as they had before.10. The knowledge of how to communicate in an original, amusing, and spontaneous manner todelight the audience may be of importance to a would-be lecturer.三、转译成形容词。
翻译的技巧一词法翻译法(56页)
He worked round the day.
他工作了 一整天•(介词)
The boy's eves rounded with excitement.
男孩兴奋得眼睛座遵週廬的。(动词)
(二)根据上下文确定词义
以动词move为例,坤學上下文不一样,move的意思显然也是不一样,必 须依 据上下文才藉做到痛确通顺的翻译。
• delicate surgical operation • 难做的外科T-术 • delicate car for music *对音乐有鉴赏力 • delicate sense of smell *灵敏的嗅觉 • delicate food •美味的含物
sophisticated
1) Be careful when you deal with him. He is a sophisticated man. 与他打交道要 小心,他是个老于世故/狡黠的人。
move merit足“移动,施动”的息思,而不足“运品”的总也
・ 在2001 年75题And home appliances will become so smart that…甲,smart是能化.’的意®,而木是“聪 明”的意思;,
・re在jec2t0e0d_-屮2:什,:t6e5c题noaLtoegcyhlinuo方lo汰gy,o研f b究eh力a?vii”o的r w意illffci,ont而inu不e“to技b术e ”
影响原文尚正 确理解和准确翻
译据语&因法此
在 关
翻译中,我们I以 系去辨别关键Fra bibliotek的根 词
性, 以便能准确的判断词义。
This light is too poor to read by. 这光
词法翻译(四)具体译法
你应该分清好坏。 separate the good from the bad You should separate the sheep from the goats.
分清大小: separate the big from the small 分清主次: draw a clear distinction between the primary and the secondarythorny problem; knotty problem; a problem of some delicacy; He has many hot potatoes to handle every day.
你不要过早乐观,真正的困难还在 后头呢。
full of anxiety and worry
(三)句子(英译汉)
All the people were angered by his fault-finding.
所有的人都被他的吹毛求疵的做法激 怒了。
We were all greatly moved by his loftiness.
我们都被他那种崇高气质所深深打 动。
translation
family committee government
翻译
家庭 委员会 政府
翻译作品
家庭成员 委员会成员 政府官员
class
班级
全班同学
(二)成语
单词 very timid very strong very anxious to return home 抽象 非常胆小 十分强壮 非常想回家 十分挂念 具体 胆小如鼠 壮得像头牛 归心似箭 牵肠挂肚
prematurely optimistic Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched.
词法&句法翻译
三)句子英译汉时抽象译法的译例 I was practically on my knees but he still refused. He earns scarcely enough to keep body and soul together. I have no head for music. Please don‟t wake a sleeping dog. Man for the field and woman for the hearth; Man for the sword and for the needle she. Man with the head and woman with the heart; Man to command and woman to obey. (Tennyson)
某人心肠好---------为人善良
He
has a good heart. He has a bad heart. (heart attack) 亡羊补牢 -----未为晚也 Shut the stable door after the horse has bolted (/has been stolen).-------无补于事
三)句子英译汉时具体译法的译例
All the people were exasperated by his fault-finding. 大家都被他那种吹毛 求疵的做法激怒了。 We were all greatly moved by his loftiness. 我们都被他那种崇高品质所深 深打动。 There had been too much violence in that region. 那个地区发生了许多暴 力事件。
二)单词、词组和成语汉译英时具体译法的译例
大学英语翻译教程 02增词法
We have winked at these irregularities too long. 我们对这些越轨行为宽容得太久了. He was described as impressed by Deng’s flexibility. 据说他对邓的灵活态度印象很深. What we wanted most was an end of uncertainties. 那时他们最渴望的就是结束这摇摆不定 的局面.
2)She felt the flowers were in her fingers, on her lips, growing in her breast.
译文一:她觉得手里和唇上都是花儿,胸中也生长着花 儿。 译文二:她觉得她好像手里拿着花,嘴里吻着花,连胸 中也生出了花。
4)The quarrels of friends are the opportunities of foes. 朋友间的不和就是敌人进攻的机会.
He discussed greatness and excellence. 他探讨了伟大和杰出的涵义. He spoke with firmness, but his face was sad and his eyes at times were dim. 他讲话时,态度坚定,但面带愁容,时而眼神 暗淡. This is the day for our two peoples to rise to the heights of greatness which can build a new and a better world. 现在该是我们两国人民为缔造一个崭新的,更 加美好的世界而攀登这一伟大境界高峰的时候 了.
2.增加名词
We have made some achievements, and we must guard against complacency.
英汉互译词法翻译ts
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英汉互译
43) He went through fire and flood to save his mother.
他赴汤蹈火去救他的母亲。
44) You have a lucky star above you . 你真是福星高照。
45) She is now between the devil and the deep sea on this matter.
梁上君子经常光顾这家商店。
上面10个例句中的原文都包含1条英语成语,而且 都非常形象。10 个译文都成功地使用了对等译法, 都用对等的汉语成语进行翻译,不但做到了比喻意义 和感情色彩的对等,而且尽可能做到比喻形式的对 等。
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(五)汉译英句子翻译实例
英汉互译
51) 这些国家的经济形势每况愈下。 The economic situation in these countries is on
英汉互译
59) 你为什么要引狼入室? Why did you set the wolf to keep the sheep?
60) 他是信口开河,他对经济一窍不通。 He is shooting off his mouth . He does not know
the first thing of economy .
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英汉互译
(一)单词、词组和成语英译汉时具体译法的译例 1) transportation 运输—运输工具 2) advertisement 广告—广告资料 3) propaganda 宣传—宣传机关
翻译阅读笔记:词法翻译-汉语词组
【分析】这里的“pack”是包装的意思而“be packed with”是塞满的意思,“land”动词有“降落”,“上岸”和“陷入”的意思,但是land a job/prize/an order中是“得到”的意思。
自我思考:说实话,这句话我没看懂,我总觉得前言不搭后语,但是里面体现的翻译思想还是很重要的,就是汉语词组,我的理解上就是搭配,最主要的是平时要注意积累,一个单词至少了解它三个意思,用起来才会得心应手。
原文
【例三】To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.蔡基刚(1996:3)
译文:批评智力的测试不反映上述情况,就好比批评温度计不能测出风速一样。
Lexical Translation: Collocation
词语翻译:汉语词组-索引
蔡基刚(1996:2-3)《大学英语英汉翻译技巧》上海:上海外语教育出版社
班级
学号
姓名
标题
词语翻译:汉语词组
日期
2013-3-17
摘抄:蔡基刚(1996:2-3)《大学英语英汉翻译技巧》上海:上海外语教育出版社
原文:
原文:
【例二】I can think of a gooபைடு நூலகம் medical students who would willingly work through their college be filling in as nurses at our understaffed hospital.蔡基刚(1996:3)
【例一】Words are explosive, phrases are packed with TNT. A simple word can destroy a friend, land a large order.蔡基刚(1996:2-3)
词法翻译(二)_褒贬译法-词类转译
褒贬译法;词类转译法
5.词义的褒贬—褒贬译法
带褒义的词: • noble(高尚的) • heroic(英雄的) • sacrifice(牺牲) • polite(有礼貌的) • brave(勇敢的) • kindness(仁慈)
带贬义的词: • accomplice(帮凶) • cheat(欺骗、骗子) • cruel(残忍的) • die-hard(顽固的) •人赞成放弃这项计划。
The first speaker was for abandoning the
project.
4)尽管机票昂贵,还是有成千上万的人乘坐飞
机旅行。 Though plane tickets are expensive, there
are still thousands upon thousands of
people who travel by air.
3. 英语形容词与汉语动词相互转译
英语句子中用作表语的形容词属于动态形容词,常常表 示知觉,情欲,愿望等心理状态,它们往往可以与表 示知觉、情感等心理活动的汉语动词相互转译。
1) He was jealous of his friends’ reputation.
2) She flared up at the sight of her husband walking with another woman.
她一看到自己的丈夫和另一个女人走在一起就勃然大
怒。
C-E
3) 一提到钱,那陌生人就全神贯注起来。
At the mention of money, the stranger
2.英语介词与汉语动词相互转译
英语有大量的介词和介词词组,极大地丰富了英语的表达法。汉 语则多用动词,少用介词。在英汉互译中,英语介词和汉语动 词常常需要相互转译。
翻译阅读笔记:词法翻译-拆分法-12英2-12131107-张丽娜
Lexical Translation: Commendatory vs. Derogatory刘源甫(2004:) 《中国科技翻译》班级12英2翻译学号12131107 姓名张丽娜标题词语翻译:拆分译法日期2014-3-16摘抄:刘源甫(2004:) 《科技翻译词义的拆分法引申》原文: Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States.译文:同中国加强合作,符合美国的利益。
原书【评析】此句是在主谓连接处拆译法。
自我思考:翻译时要注意使用拆分译法,这样才能翻译的精准,多掌握一些的拆分译法,有益于我们的英语翻译。
班级12英2翻译学号12131107 姓名张丽娜标题词语翻译:拆分译法日期2014-3-16摘抄:刘源甫(2004:) 《科技翻译词义的拆分法引申》原文:1、I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.2、This is particularly true of the countries of the commonwealth, who see Britain's membership of the Community a guarantee that the policies of the community will take their interests into account.译文:1、我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。
中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻明世界的。
2、英联邦各国尤其如此,它们认为英国加入欧共体,将能保证欧共体的政策照顾到它们的利益。
原书评析:第一句是定语从句前拆译,第二句是定语从句前拆译。
词法翻译
在抽象名词的后面加上具体的名词。 Persuasion 说服工作 Preparation 准备工作 Backwardness 落后状态 Arrogance 自满情绪 Madness 疯狂行为
d.增加表示名词复数的词:们,各位,诸位,各, 种种….. Very acute problems exist among them. 他们之间存在着种种非常尖锐的问题。 e. 增加量词 A bike, a type writer, a red sun, a bad dream A stream was winding its way through the valley into the river
由动词派生的名词或拒有动词意义的名词
(1)One after another, speaker called for the downfall of imperialism, abolition of exploitation of man by man, liberation of the oppressed of the world. 发言人一个接着一个的表示要打倒帝国主义,要消灭人剥削人的 制度,要解放世界上被压迫的人民。 (2)The sight and sound of our jot planes filled me with special longing. 看到我们的喷气式飞机,听到隆隆的机声,令我特别神往。 (3)I got a wave and a grin from my classmate. 我的同学向我边笑边挥手。
C.由名词派生或转用的动词,在英译 汉时找不到相应的动词,往往译为 名词。 如:formality has always characterized their relationship 译:他们之间的关系,有一个特点, 就是以礼相待。 To them, he personified the absolute power. 译:在他们看来,他就是权威的化身。
Unit 3 词法翻译 - 具体法和抽象法
Unit 3. Translation Techniques of Words and Expressions 词法翻译(1)OverviewSkill:ExtensionOutline of this unit1. Frequent cases in word translation 词法翻译的四种情况2. Steps in word translation 四步法3. Extension 引申翻译(由具体到抽象;由抽象到具体)Frequent cases in word translation 词法翻译的四种情况单词翻译的最基本要求是无错。
四种常见情况:(1)已知无疑(2)已知有疑(3)未知已有(4)未知未有(1)已知无疑遇到的单词或表达是自己知道的,而且把自己知道的译法用在当前句子中很合适。
I didn‟t have breakfast this morning.已经知道I是…我‟,breakfast是…早饭‟,this morning是…今天早上‟。
全句翻译为:(2)已知有疑句中的单词是认识的,但是知道的译法在当前句子中感觉不太对。
We need to consider the economics of climate change.句中的economics,一般作为…经济学‟解释。
但这样译语意不通畅:?我们需要考虑气候变化的经济学。
第二个环节往往出错最多。
原因:一、虽然知道的词义不合适,但似乎勉强可以,于是没有去查阅工具书;二、明知不合适,但又不去查。
(3)未知已有单词是生词,经过查阅工具书,解决了问题。
这里的关键是以最快的方式找到合适的译法。
(稍后和第2点一起分析。
)(4)未知未有这种情况指工具书上查不到的单词。
这种情况不做详细探讨;实际工作中,可以向专业人士请教。
…自我开脱‟是翻译不当的原因之一。
这种误区往往是不良习惯造成的,几乎是根深蒂固。
比如不会或不清楚的地方留给老师去改。
要想单词无错翻译就要尽快树立“最后一关”的概念。
冯庆华《实用翻译教程》(第3版)配套题库(含考研真题)第二章 词法翻译【圣才出品】
第二章词法翻译2.1 具体翻译1. violence【译文】暴力事件2. confusion【译文】混乱状态3. individualism【译文】个人主义4. public security【译文】社会治安问题5. inflation【译文】通货膨胀问题6. trade volume【译文】成交情况7. independence【译文】独立地位8. R&D【译文】研发活动9. to do evil things openly【译文】明火执仗10. to be full of anxiety and worry【译文】牵肠挂肚11. a great and thorough-going change 【译文】翻天覆地的变化12. great in momentum and irresistible 【译文】声势浩大,不可阻挡13. A good conscience is a soft pillow. 【译文】良心过得去,睡觉才安稳。
14. Love lives in cottages as well as courts.【译文】爱情不分贵贱。
15. You should not show your hand to a stranger.【译文】对陌生人要保持戒心。
16. Please don’t wake a sleeping dog.【译文】请不要惹是生非。
17. I have no head for music.【译文】我没有音乐方面的天赋。
18. Vietnam War was his entree to the new Administration as a foreign policy consultant.【译文】越南战争成了他进入新政府的敲门砖,他成了新政府的对外政策顾问。
19. Action and foresight will be needed as well as learning and reputation.【译文】不但需要德高望重的学者,而且需要有远见卓识的实干家。
翻译基础词法翻译
目录
• 翻译基础概述 • 词法翻译基本概念 • 名词词法翻译 • 动词词法翻译 • 形容词与副词词法翻译 • 介词、连词与冠词词法翻译 • 总结回顾与拓展延伸
01
翻译基础概述
翻译定义与分类
翻译定义
翻译是将一种语言中的文本转换成另一种语言中的等效 文本的过程,涉及语言、文化和交际等多个方面。
04
动词词法翻译
动词时态与语态形式翻译
一般现在时
表示经常性或习惯性的动作,或客观事实 和普遍真理。在翻译时,通常翻译为“经 常”、“通常”、“总是”等。
被动语态
表示主语是动作的承受者。在翻译时,需 根据汉语表达习惯,灵活处理为“被”、 “由……所”、“受到”等。
一般过去时
表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态。 在翻译时,需根据上下文灵活处理,可翻 译为“曾经”、“以前”、“过去”等。
交流。
文化传承
翻译在文化传承中发挥着重要作用, 可以将不同文化的精髓和特色传递给
更广泛的人群。
知识传播
通过翻译,人们可以获取来自不同国 家和文化的知识和信息,促进知识的 传播和共享。
经济发展
随着全球化的深入发展,翻译在国际 贸易、商务洽谈等领域中的需求越来 越大,对经济发展的推动作用也日益 显著。
02
常见误区及避免方法
直译与意译的误区
避免过度直译或意译,根据语境 和表达习惯进行适当的调整,使 译文既忠实于原文又符合目标语
言的表达习惯。
文化差异的误区
注意源语言和目标语言之间的文 化差异,避免将源语言的文化特 色直接照搬到目标语言中,造成
文化冲突或误解。
专业术语的误区
对于专业领域的术语,要确保准 确理解和翻译,避免出现歧义或
词法翻译
• 照当时的情况,他除了忍气吞声又能怎么 办呢? • As things stood,what else could he do but swallow the insult. • 侵略者已经走投无路 • The invaders had come to the end of their tether. • 你为什么要引狼入室? • Why did you set the wolf to keep the sheep?
• He went through the fire and flood to save his mother • 他赴汤蹈火去救他的母亲 • You have a lucky star above you. • 你真是福星高照 • She is now between the devil and the deep sea on this matter • 她现在进退维谷。 • He is reaping what he has sown. • 他是咎由自取。
走: walk,stride, trudge, tiptoe, amble, wander, prance 机: machine,engine, plane, aircraft 羊: sheep, goat, ram, ewe, lamb
• 4.equivalents interwoven with one another In this case , a certain word may be treated differently according to various circumstances or collocations. say 说 speak 讲 talk 谈 tell 诉
出门一里,不如家里 East and west, home is best 皇天不负苦心人 Everthing comes to him who waits 小巫见大巫 The moon is not seen when the sun shines 山中无老虎,猴子称大王 When the cat is away ,the mice will play In the blind people’s world, the one-eyed is the king
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第二章词法翻译词法翻译即根据“表达通顺”的需要在词类层次进行的各种处理,包括词性(类)转换、增词或减词、重复或省略、正译或反译、抽象化和具体化等等方法,以达到“表达通顺”之目的,此类方法,大多属于“此路不通,另辟蹊径”。
第一节词类转译词类转译又叫词性转换。
翻译过程中,为了句子通顺的需要,有时需改变原文的词性,不必也不可拘泥于原文的词性:即不能追求词性的对等。
一、转译成动词:1.Vietnamese War is a drain on American resources.2.The government called for the establishment of more technical schools.3.I am so grateful to my father for his continuous encouragement during my childhood.lions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally off poverty.5.It was a very informative meeting.6.This pupil is a good writer.7.I am no drinker, nor smoker.8.I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.9.Rockets have found their application for the exploration of the universe.10. Arrogance and complacency turned out to be his ruin.11. The application of electronic computers makes for a tremendous rise in labor productivity.12. Ours is a policy for peace.13. Those Mexicans were great workmen. (jinghao: P.107)14. The Bench was nothing to me but an insensible blunderer.15. He is not an originator, but merely a calculator.二、转译成名词:1. Formality has always characterized their relationship.2. To them, he personified the absolute power.3. It was officially announced that Paris is invited to the conference.4. This instrument is chiefly characterized by its simplicity of structure.5. Glass is more transparent than plastic cloth.6. This problem is no more important than that one.7. A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car.8. Stevenson is eloquent and elegant—but soft.9. Because of Einstei n’s theory, scientists never regarded again regarded the world as they had before.10. The knowledge of how to communicate in an original, amusing, and spontaneous manner todelight the audience may be of importance to a would-be lecturer.三、转译成形容词。
1. As he is a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help.2. It is editorially reported that the conference was a great success.3. I recognized the absurdity of dealing with them through intermediaries.(Zhang: P.56-57)4. She promptly shepherded them out of the crowded living room and into the privacy of the library.5. Boys are supposed to think differently from girls.6. He became more surprised at the singularity of the stranger’s appearance.7. She wisely determined to give it up. (Jinghao: 111-113)8. This particular bit of Iceland was also heavily populated.9. Nobody came and went. In the solitude of the dark winter night, there was nowhere to come and go.10. The simplicity and cheerfulness of her nature, her contented and grateful spirit, were a recommendation to everybody.四、转译成副词:汉语中副词在句子中多充当修饰语,修饰动词、形容词和其它副词,因而从英语其它短语转译成汉语副词的,往往是相关整个短语整体转换,而不是孤立转换。
1. What he said at the meeting was sheer nonsense.2. People against the plan were in a clear minority.3. Can you give an exact interpretation of this sentence?4. He had a careful study of the map before starting off.5. It was a clear and unemotional exposition of the President’s reasons for willing to begin a Chinese-American dialogue. (谭卫国:147)6. For a clearer picture of what the student knows, most of teachers use another kind of examination in addition to objective tests. They use “essay”tests, which require students to write long answers of broad, general questions.7. Companies should strive to convince consumers that the benefits of an online data-collection program outweigh its intrusiveness (meaning: annoyance). (张春柏:p.99)8. I am taking the liberty of sending you these lines, hoping you will be good enough to publish them under your own name.9. When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor. (张培基:p.55)10. It may seem strange to put into the same packet an industrial revolution and two politicalrevolutions. But the fact is that they were all social revolutions. (庄绎传2002:p.30, 252)综合练习:1. The computer works with high calculating speed, high stability, and low consumption.2. He has surfaced with less visibility in the policy decisions.3. The significance of red-light running is magnified by its high visibility.4. He was deeply impressed by what they did in the critical moment.5. Two days later, I received a note from him saying he was impressed by my credentials, liked my answers to his questions and would probably invite me for additional interview. (杨立民III:P.107)6. It was not until about 1600 BC when the chariot was invented that the maximum speed was raised to roughly twenty miles per hour.So impressive was this invention, so difficult was it to exceed this speed limit, that nearly 3 500 years later, when the first mail coach began operation in England in 1784, it averaged a mere 10 mph. (大学英语精读III. Unit 10)7. In a major study, psychologist Martin E.P. Selgman of the University of Pennsylvania and colleague Peter Schulman surveyed the sales representatives at the Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. They found that the positive-thinkers among longtime representatives sold 37-percent more insurance than did the negative-thinkers. Of newly hired representatives, optimists sold 20 more.Impressed, the company hired 100 people who had failed the standard industry test but scored high on optimism. These people, who might never have been hired, sold 10-percent more insurance than did the average representatives. (研究生英语精读教程(下):P.3)8. What is questioned is whether a country like Britain has a chance, assuming it has the will, to succeed where so many have failed and even assuming it has, should make the tremendous effort and take substantial financial risk of trying to leapfrog into leadership in entirely new technology or whether it should take the softer opinion of merely catching up with the industrialized countries. (中译:99-5-23-24)9. If you feel depressed at a social gathering, keep it a secret. It may help you to remember the French writer Colette’s advice: There are times when you need to “put a smile on your philosophy of life”. When that philosophical smile is warm, it is often contagious.( (中译:98-3-13-14)10. Check the list of members, and roster of events of every organization you might join. Do not be afraid to ask tough questions about any group’s strength and reputation.11. When, for no apparent reason, all conversation in a room suddenly comes to a halt and everyone fails to come up with something appropriate to say, a painful silence develops.12. So take some of that extra time you might have spent in a health club or gym and give it over to the arts.13. We have acquired a keen sense of the diversity, dynamism, and progress of China under your policies of reform and opening to the outside world.14. At last, he whispered a hurried good-bye to his host and darted toward the door. (张培基:p.57)15. Somehow I always give myself away. Once I pinched a hotel towel to wrap up a wet swimming-costume. They were robbing me any-way, slamming the bag shut as the chambermaid entered the room, I hurried down the hall with my collar turned up and hat pulled down spy style, but knees knocking and heart pounding, I could see the lift-man eyeing my bag, and it seemed that everybody I met in the foyer was a plain-clothes policeman. I paid the bill, and the cashier called after me as I turned to leave: “Just a minute sir”. I stammered a full confession, opened my bag and handed over the towel. The cashier seemed embarrass ed. “The chambermaid just phoned downstairs”, he explained. “You left your shaving-kit in the bathroom”.第二节增词译法一、为了句意明了或背景需要,需进行表意性或解释性增词。