词法翻译学生版

第二章词法翻译

词法翻译即根据“表达通顺”的需要在词类层次进行的各种处理，包括词性（类）转换、增词或减词、重复或省略、正译或反译、抽象化和具体化等等方法，以达到“表达通顺”之目的，此类方法，大多属于“此路不通，另辟蹊径”。

第一节词类转译

词类转译又叫词性转换。翻译过程中，为了句子通顺的需要，有时需改变原文的词性，不必也不可拘泥于原文的词性：即不能追求词性的对等。

一、转译成动词：

1.Vietnamese War is a drain on American resources.

2.The government called for the establishment of more technical schools.

3.I am so grateful to my father for his continuous encouragement during my childhood.

lions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally off poverty.

5.It was a very informative meeting.

6.This pupil is a good writer.

7.I am no drinker, nor smoker.

8.I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.

9.Rockets have found their application for the exploration of the universe.

10. Arrogance and complacency turned out to be his ruin.

11. The application of electronic computers makes for a tremendous rise in labor productivity.

12. Ours is a policy for peace.

13. Those Mexicans were great workmen. (jinghao: P.107)

14. The Bench was nothing to me but an insensible blunderer.

15. He is not an originator, but merely a calculator.

二、转译成名词：

1. Formality has always characterized their relationship.

2. To them, he personified the absolute power.

3. It was officially announced that Paris is invited to the conference.

4. This instrument is chiefly characterized by its simplicity of structure.

5. Glass is more transparent than plastic cloth.

6. This problem is no more important than that one.

7. A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car.

8. Stevenson is eloquent and elegant—but soft.

9. Because of Einstei n’s theory, scientists never regarded again regarded the world as they had before.

10. The knowledge of how to communicate in an original, amusing, and spontaneous manner to

delight the audience may be of importance to a would-be lecturer.

三、转译成形容词。

1. As he is a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help.

2. It is editorially reported that the conference was a great success.

3. I recognized the absurdity of dealing with them through intermediaries.(Zhang: P.56-57)

4. She promptly shepherded them out of the crowded living room and into the privacy of the library.

5. Boys are supposed to think differently from girls.

6. He became more surprised at the singularity of the stranger’s appearance.

7. She wisely determined to give it up. (Jinghao: 111-113)

8. This particular bit of Iceland was also heavily populated.

9. Nobody came and went. In the solitude of the dark winter night, there was nowhere to come and go.

10. The simplicity and cheerfulness of her nature, her contented and grateful spirit, were a recommendation to everybody.

四、转译成副词：汉语中副词在句子中多充当修饰语，修饰动词、形容词和其它副词，因而从英语其它短语转译成汉语副词的，往往是相关整个短语整体转换，而不是孤立转换。

1. What he said at the meeting was sheer nonsense.

2. People against the plan were in a clear minority.

3. Can you give an exact interpretation of this sentence?

4. He had a careful study of the map before starting off.

5. It was a clear and unemotional exposition of the President’s reasons for willing to begin a Chinese-American dialogue. (谭卫国：147)

6. For a clearer picture of what the student knows, most of teachers use another kind of examination in addition to objective tests. They use “essay”tests, which require students to write long answers of broad, general questions.

7. Companies should strive to convince consumers that the benefits of an online data-collection program outweigh its intrusiveness (meaning: annoyance). （张春柏：p.99）

8. I am taking the liberty of sending you these lines, hoping you will be good enough to publish them under your own name.

9. When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor. (张培基：p.55)

10. It may seem strange to put into the same packet an industrial revolution and two political

revolutions. But the fact is that they were all social revolutions. (庄绎传2002：p.30, 252)

综合练习：

1. The computer works with high calculating speed, high stability, and low consumption.

2. He has surfaced with less visibility in the policy decisions.

3. The significance of red-light running is magnified by its high visibility.

4. He was deeply impressed by what they did in the critical moment.

5. Two days later, I received a note from him saying he was impressed by my credentials, liked my answers to his questions and would probably invite me for additional interview. (杨立民III：P.107)

6. It was not until about 1600 BC when the chariot was invented that the maximum speed was raised to roughly twenty miles per hour.