试题Ⅰ及答案
2020年高考英语全国卷Ⅰ试题及答案(word版)
绝密★启用前2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷I）英语（全国一卷适用地区：安徽、湖北、福建、湖南、山西、河北、江西、广东、河南）注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题分，满分分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirtA. ￡.B. ￡.C. ￡.答案是C。
1. Where are the speakersA. At a swimming pool.B. In a clothing shop.C. At a school lab.2. What will Tom do nextA. Turn down the music.B. Postpone the show.C. Stop practicing.3. What is the woman busy doingA. Working on a paper.B. Tidying up the office.C. Organizing a party.4. When will Henry start his vacationA. This weekend.B. Next week.C. At the end of August.5. What does Donna offer to do for BillA. Book a flight for him.B. Drive him to the airport.C. Help him park thecar.第二节（共15小题；每小题分，满分分）听下面5段对话或独白。
《助产学》考试试题及答案01
助产士考试试题一、选择题：（25分）1．关于脐带脱垂下列概念正确的是:（）A．一旦发现，若胎心音尚好立即取头低臀高位或膝胸卧位；立即消毒后将脐带放入阴道内；用手经阴道将胎先露部推向骨盆入口以上，以减轻脐带受压；B．不消毒立即将脐带放入阴道内；C．脐带放入阴道内后术者的手不必保持在阴道内；2．消毒会阴顺序下列正确的是:（）A．阴阜→大小阴唇→两大腿内侧上l/3→会阴及肛周；B．大小阴唇→阴阜→两大腿内侧上l/3→会阴及肛周；C．大小阴唇→阴阜→会阴及肛周→两大腿内侧上l/3；3．助产时下列正确的是:（）A．宫缩间歇时保护会阴部，宫缩时放松；B．宫缩时娩出胎头；C．胎头拨露使阴唇后联合紧张时，右手大鱼际肌顶住会阴部，宫缩时向上方托压，同时左手轻压胎头枕部，协助俯屈和下降，宫缩间歇时放松（防水肿）；D．娩出胎头；左手自鼻根向下颏挤压，挤出口鼻内粘液和羊水，右手不必保护会阴；4．断脐下列正确的是:（）A．距脐带根部15-20cm处断脐；B．距脐带根部5-10cm处断脐；C．距脐带根部10-14cm处断脐；5．气门芯结扎法处理脐带下列正确的是:（）A．套有气门芯的血管钳在距脐根部0.5cm处钳夹脐带；B．在距脐根部0.5cm处用粗丝线结扎第一道，在结扎线外0.5cm处结扎第二道，在第二道线外0.5cm处剪断脐带挤出残余血液用20％高锰酸钾液消毒断面（注意保护皮肤）；C．将无菌气门芯二个套于血管钳上用套有气门芯的血管钳在距脐根部lcm处钳夹脐带紧靠钳外端剪断脐带沿钳端将二个气门芯依次套在脐轮稍上方处，松钳，挤出残余血液：用碘伏消毒断面（注意保护皮肤），待干；二、填空题（25分）1、孕妇取伸腿仰卧位，检查者两手持测量器两末端置于两髂前上棘的外侧缘，测量两髂前上棘间距离（23—26cm）；称髂棘间径（5分）2、测髂嵴间径双手持测量器末端沿两髂嵴外侧循行，测得其最大距离为髂嵴间径（25—28cm）；（5分）3、孕妇取左侧卧位，右腿伸直，左腿屈曲；检查者双手持测量器末端，左手端放在第五腰椎脊突下（相当于米氏麦形窝上角），右手端放在耻骨联合上缘中点；测量其间距离为骶耻外径（18—20cm）；（5分）4、孕妇取仰卧位，两腿弯曲，双手抱膝，暴露会阴；检查者双手持测量器末端，测量两坐骨结节内侧缘的距离；称坐骨结节间径（出口横径）（5分）5、测耻骨弓角度用左右手拇指指尖斜着对拢放在耻骨联合下缘，左右两拇指平放在耻骨降支上，测两拇指间的角度（正常值为90）；（5分）三、简答题：（50分）1、会阴侧切术及麻醉。
通信建设工程安全生产-安全员考试试题及答案1
通信建设工程安全生产-安全员考试试题及答案1C。
较大安全事故D。
一般安全事故正确答案：B答案解析：根据《安全生产法》规定，造成3人以上死亡或10人以上重伤的为重大安全事故。
2.[单选题]下列哪项不属于安全生产管理体系的要素之一？(1分)A。
组织结构B。
职业健康安全政策C。
安全生产标准D。
企业经济效益正确答案：D答案解析：安全生产管理体系的要素包括组织结构、职业健康安全政策、安全生产标准、安全生产目标和计划、职业健康安全风险管理、安全生产培训和教育、安全生产信息管理、安全生产监测和测量、事故和事故灾难调查与分析等。
3.[单选题]下列哪种情况不属于应急救援的范畴？(1分)A。
火灾B。
地震C。
交通事故D。
自然灾害正确答案：C答案解析：交通事故不属于应急救援的范畴，应该由交通管理部门处理。
4.[单选题]下列哪项不属于安全生产法律法规的内容？(1分)A。
安全生产标准B。
职业病防治法C。
环境保护法D。
消防法正确答案：C答案解析：环境保护法不属于安全生产法律法规的内容，但安全生产和环境保护有着密切的关系。
5.[单选题]下列哪种情况不属于生产安全事故的直接原因？(1分)A。
设备故障B。
人为疏忽C。
自然灾害D。
操作不当正确答案：C答案解析：自然灾害不属于生产安全事故的直接原因，但自然灾害可能会导致生产安全事故的发生。
6.[单选题]下列哪项不是危险源辨识的方法？(1分)A。
安全检查B。
安全评价C。
安全监测D。
安全检验正确答案：D答案解析：安全检验不是危险源辨识的方法，而是危险源控制的方法之一。
7.[单选题]下列哪种情况不属于特种作业？(1分)A。
爆破B。
高处作业C。
电器作业D。
机械作业正确答案：D答案解析：机械作业不属于特种作业，但机械作业也存在一定的安全风险。
8.[单选题]下列哪种情况不属于安全生产培训的对象？(1分)A。
企业职工B。
合同工C。
访问者D。
社会公众正确答案：D答案解析：社会公众不属于安全生产培训的对象，但应该加强安全宣传教育，提高公众的安全意识和防范能力。
2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试[新高考全国卷Ⅰ]试题及答案解析
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但是沿革地理并不等于历史地理学，二者不仅有量的不同，而且有质的区别。就研究内容而言，前者主要是疆域政区、地名和水道的变迁，后者却涉及地理学的各个分支。就研究的性质而言，前者一般只是对现象的描述和复原，很少涉及变化的原因，后者则不仅要复原各种以往的地理现象，而且要寻找它们变化发展的原因，探索背后的规律。由于产生于西方的现代地理学在中国的传播很迟，加上我国缺乏全面系统的科学基础，中国沿革地理虽然早已成为专门学问，却一直未形成新的学科。历史地理学则有自己独立的学科体系和理论，是现代地理学的一部分。
在这个城里，有个家的人真是有福啊。他们还能够像四百年前的祖先们那样安居乐业，不必操心左邻右舍的德行，都是世交啦。有一位绕过曲曲弯弯的小巷，提着在龙井市场买来的水淋淋的草芽（一种建水特有的水生植物，可食，滚油翻炒数秒起锅，甜脆）、莴笋、茄子、青椒、豆腐、毛豆、肉糜、茭瓜……一路上寻思着要怎么搭配，偶尔向世居于此的邻居熟人搭讪，彼此请安。磨磨蹭蹭到某个装饰着斗拱飞檐门头的大门前（两只找错了窝的燕子拍翅逃去），咯吱咯吱地推开安装着铜质狮头门环的双开核桃木大门，抬脚跨过门槛。绕过照壁，经过几秒钟的黑暗，忽然光明大放，回到了曾祖父建造的花香鸟语、阳光灿烂的天井。从供销社退休已经三十年的祖母正躺在一把支在天井中央的红木躺椅上，借着一棵百年香樟树的荫庇瞌睡呢。
成书于公元1世纪的《汉书·地理志》对见于典籍记载的重要地理要素，包括古国、历史政区、地名、河流、山岭、古迹等都做了记载和简要考证，并不局限于西汉一朝。作者班固比较充分地利用已有的地理记载和地理研究成果，使得中国历史地理学研究初具雏形。同样，成书于公元6世纪的《水经注》也从传世的数百种地理著作中搜集整理了大量史料，并做了深入的考证和研究。今天，我们之所以还能知道先秦的某一个地名在现在的什么地方，能知道秦汉以降的疆域范围，能够大致了解黄河早期的几次改道，都离不开这两种著作。
2021全国新高考Ⅰ卷语文试题及参考答案
2021全国新高考Ⅰ卷语文试题及参考答案2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语 文本试卷共10页，23小题，满分150分。
考试用时150分钟。
一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读【(本题共5小题，19分)阅读下面的文字，完成1～5题。
材料一：十八世纪德国学者莱辛的《拉奥孔》是近代诗画理论文献中第一部重要著作。
从前人们相信诗画同质，直到菜辛才提出丰富的例证，用动人的雄辩，说明诗画并不同质。
据传说，希腊人为了夺回海伦，举兵围攻特洛伊城，十年不下。
最后他们佯逃，留着一匹腹内埋伏精兵的大木马在城外，特洛伊人看见木马，把它移到城内。
典祭官拉奥孔当时极力劝阻，说留下木马是希腊人的诡计。
他这番忠告激怒了偏心于希腊人的天神。
当拉奥孔典祭时，河里就爬出两条大蛇，把拉奥孔和他的两个儿子一齐绞死了。
这是罗马诗人维吉尔《伊尼特》第二卷里最有名的一段。
十六世纪在罗马发现的拉奥孔雕像似以这段史诗为蓝本。
莱辛拿这段诗和雕像互较，发现几个重要的异点。
因为要解释这些异点，他才提出诗画异质说。
据史诗，拉奥孔在被捆时放声号叫；在雕像中他的面孔只表现一种轻微的叹息，具有希腊艺术所特有的恬静与肃穆。
为什么雕像的作者不表现诗人所描写的号啕呢？希腊人在诗中并不怕表现苦痛，而在造型艺术中却永远避免痛感所产生的面孔筋肉挛曲的丑状。
在表现痛感之中，他们仍求形象的完美。
雕塑《拉奧孔》其次，据史诗，那两条长蛇绕腰三圈，绕颈两圈，而在雕像中它们仅绕着两腿。
因为作者要从全身筋肉上表现出拉奥孔的苦痛，如果依史诗，筋肉方面所表现的苦痛就看不见了。
同理，雕像的作者让拉奥孔父子赤裸着身体，虽然在史诗中拉奥孔穿着典祭官的衣服。
莱辛推原这不同的理由，作这样一个结论：“图画和诗所用的模仿媒介或符号完全不同，图画用存于空间的形色，诗用存于时间的声音。
……全体或部分在空间中相并立的事物叫作‘物体’，物体和它们的看得见的属性是图画的特殊题材。
全体或部分在时间上相承续的事物叫作‘动作’，动作是诗的特殊题材。
商务英语翻译试题(一)试卷及答案_1
商务英语翻译试题（一）Ⅰ词汇测试题：（2题，每题10分，共20分）1．该组有10个商务英语英文词或词组，下面均有英文词或词组来进行解释。
请将正确的选项标出，要求英英转换意义准确，符合商务英语规范。
（10分）(1) to concludeA. to give one’s place to eachB. to end or judge after some considerationC. to explainD. to contain(2) to enforceA. to break or act against a lawB. to cause a law or rule to be obeyedC. to prevent movement from happeningD. to direct something into a particular place(3) to appointA. to take back propertyB. to meet someone’s needsC. to choose someone officially for a jobD. to claim for something(4) to approveA. to abide byB. to comply withC. to have a positive opinionD. to come up with(5) obviateA. to violateB. to remove a difficulty, to avoidC. to allow sb to doD. to be apparent(6) to violateA. to break or act against a law, principleB. to beat or threaten someoneC. to obey a lawD. to cause a rule to be obeyed.(7) with respect toA. comply withB. in relation toC. conform toD. coincide with(8) to entertain a clientA. to cater forB. to treat sb. at the tableC. to launch a productD. to shorten a vacation(9) temptationA. trying to attract peopleB. to encourage the popularity, sales and developmentC. to allow the value of money to varyD. to judge or decide the amount(10) advanceA. to support by giving moneyB. to go or move sth. forward, to develop or improveC. to improve or increaseD. to produce or provide2. 该组有10个商务英语英文词或词组，下面均有汉语词或词组来进行解释，请将正确项选出，要求英汉转换意义准确，符合商务英语规范。
[荐]2020年高考语文(全国卷Ⅰ)试题及答案-全
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2020年高考语文（全国卷Ⅰ）试题及答案注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上、写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、现代文阅读（一）论述文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1~3题。
社会是由众多家庭组成的，家庭和谐关乎社会和谐。
要在家庭中建立一种和谐的关系，就需要有家庭伦理。
中国自古以来就有维护家庭关系的种种伦理规范，它们往往体现在各种“礼”之中、从《礼记》中可以看到各种礼制的记载，如婚丧嫁娶，这些都包含着各种家庭伦理规范，而要使这些规范成为一种社会遵守的伦理，就要使“礼”制度化。
在中国古代，“孝”无疑是家庭伦理中最重要的观念。
《孝经》中有孔子的一段话：“夫孝，天之经也，地之义也，民之行也。
”这是说“孝”是“天道”常规，是“地道”通则，是人们遵之而行的规矩，为什么“孝”有这样大的意义？这与中国古代宗法制有关。
中国古代社会基本上是宗法性的农耕社会，家庭不仅是生活单位，而且是生产单位，要较好地维护家庭中长幼尊卑的秩序，使家族得以顺利延续，必须有一套维护当时社会稳定的家庭伦理规范。
这种伦理规范又必须是一套自天子至庶人都遵守的伦理规范，这样社会才得以稳定。
“孝”成为一种家庭伦理规范，并进而成为社会的伦理制度，必有其哲理上的根据。
《郭店楚简·成之闻之》中说：“天登大常，以理人伦，制为君臣之义，作为父子之亲，分为夫妇之辨。
”理顺君臣、父子、夫妇的关系是“天道”的要求，君子以“天道”常规处理君臣、父子、夫妇伦理关系，社会才能治理好。
所以，“人道”与“天道”是息息相关的。
“孝”作为一种家庭伦理的哲理根据就是孔子的“仁学”，以“亲亲”（爱自己的亲人）为基点，扩大到“仁民”，以及于“爱物”，基于孔子的“仁学”，把“孝”看成是“天之经”“地之义”“人之行”是可以理解的。
中医外科学试题及答案(1)
中医外科学试题及答案一、单项选择题（在每小题的四个备选答案中选出一个正确的答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题中的括号内。
每小题1分，共25分。
）1.外科疾病发生、发展的根本原因是（）A.气血盛衰B.脏腑功能失调C.阴阳失调D.经络阻塞2.下列除（）外，均正确反映了脏腑功能与外科疾病的关系。
A.脾胃湿热，火毒蕴结可以发为疮疡B.诸痛痒疮皆属于心C.体表疮疡可以影响脏腑而发生病变D."五善七恶"是脏腑功能失常的表现3.下列哪项不是辨心恶的症状（）A.神志昏糊B.惊悸时作C.疮色紫黑D.言语呢喃4.辨肿块时，如肿硬似馒，有囊性感属（）A.寒B.湿C.痰D.气5.肿疡溃后脓水稀少，坚肿不消，身热乏力，面色少华，脉数乏力，治宜（）A.内托法B.补法C.透脓法D.补托法6.下面哪一项不宜用药线引流（）A.创孔小，不宜排脓B.脓腔深，流出浅黄色粘稠液体C.创孔内有坏死组织D.怀疑附骨疽创口内骨质已破坏7.溃疡脓出不畅，有少量带脓者，宜选（）A.内服清热解毒的B.扩创法C.垫棉法D.外用升丹提脓8.手掌肿胀，失去正常凹陷，疼痛剧烈者为（）A.蛇肚疔B.托盘疔C.蛇头疔D.蛀节疔9.颈后皮肤初起如粟米样丘疹，继而增大坚硬，肿胀作痛，脓头多个，状如蜂窝，诊断应为（）A.疔B.痈C.有头疽D.发10.诊断附骨疽，X线摄片最早应在什么时候进行？（）A.发病1-2天内B.发病一周时C.发病10-14天D.发病四周时11.溃后脓出黄稠，后稀薄，髋关节畸形，僵硬，诊断考试为（）A.附骨疽B.环跳疽C.历节风D.流痰12.流痰除由风寒痰浊凝聚而形成外，还与哪脏亏损有关（）A.肝B.脾C.肺D.肾13.一男青年，右侧大腿疼痛彻骨，肿胀，皮色不红，近膝关节处显著压痛，伴恶寒发热，应诊断为（）A.附骨疽B.骨肉瘤C.流注D.历节风14.疔疮走黄的内治原则是（）A.凉血清热解毒B.疏风清热解毒C.滋阴清热解毒D.宣肺泄热解毒15.乳痈郁乳期内治的方法和方剂是（）A.清热解毒，消肿止痛--仙方活命饮B.疏肝清胃，通乳散结--瓜蒌牛蒡汤C.清肝泻胃，通乳散结--龙胆泻肝汤D.清热解毒，和营消肿--柴胡疏肝汤16.以往有肉瘿病史，突然肿块增大，质地坚硬如石，推之不移，应考虑为（）A.失荣B.石瘿C.瘿痈D.肉瘿17.不能归于五脏的肿瘤是（）A.气瘤B.血瘤C.脂瘤D.肉瘤18.诊断乳癌的首要症状是（）A.乳房内可扪及硬而孤立的肿块B.乳头下陷或抬高C.乳头有血性分泌物D.肿块皮肤桔皮样改变19.多形性红斑粘膜糜烂者宜选用（）A.三黄洗剂外搽B.青黛膏外涂C.青吹口油膏外涂D.白玉膏外涂20.酒查皮鼻初起表现为（）A.暂时性阵发性红斑B.明显的毛细血管扩张C.脓疱 D.鼻部组织肥厚21.白庀的别名为（）A.摄颌疮B.松皮癣C.白屑风D.神经性皮炎22.结节性红斑是（）A.生于两小腿伸侧的红色或紫红色的结节性皮肤病B.以红斑为主、兼有丘疹、水疱等急性炎症性皮肤病C.好发于面、胸背及四肢的红色结节，晚期颜面满布大小不等结节D.生于小腿屈侧的暗红色结节性皮肤病23.肛门病不可忽视的检查方法是（）A.肛门视诊B.肛门指诊C.乙状结肠镜检查D.钡剂灌肠X片24.鉴别痔疮、脱肛、息肉痔常用体位是（）A.侧卧位B.胸膝位C.蹲位D.倒置位25.一肛瘘患者，外口位于截石位5点，距肛门缘约6厘米，其肛瘘内口大致在肛内什么方位？（）A.截石位5点B.截石位6点C.截石位9点D.截石位12点二、多项选择题（在每小题五个备选答案中选出二至五个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填入题中的括号内，错选、多选、漏选均不得分。
2019年高考语文全国Ⅰ卷及答案详细解析
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文试题（全国Ⅰ卷）一、现代文阅读（36分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。
对文学艺术创作者来说，或早或晚，都会遭遇到这个问题—为谁创作、为谁立言，强调：“文学艺术创造、哲学社会科学研究首先要搞清楚为谁创作、为谁立言的问题，这是一个根本问题。
人民是创作的源头活水，只有扎根人民，创作才能获得取之不尽、用之不竭的源泉。
”目前，文艺界普遍认识到，只有与身处的时代积极互动，深刻回应时代重大命题才会获得艺术创作的蓬勃生机。
然而，在创作实践中，还有许多作家、艺术家困惑于现实如此宏大丰富，以至于完全超出个人的认识和表现能力。
我们常常听到这样的说法现实太精彩了，它甚至远远走到了小说家想象力的前面。
是的，我们有幸生活在这样个日新月异的时代，随时发生着习焉不察而影响深远的变化。
这就为作家、艺术家观察现实、理解生活带来巨大困难。
对于他们而言，活灵活现地描绘出生活的表象，大约是不难的，难就难在理解生活复杂的结构，理解隐藏在表象之下那些更深层的东西。
那么这“更深层的东西”是什么呢？去过天安门广场的朋友一定会对矗立在广场上的人民英雄纪念碑印象深刻，许多人都背得出上面的碑文—“三年以来，在人民解放战争和人民革命中牺牲的人民英雄们永垂不朽!三十年以来，在人民解放战争和人民革命中牺牲的人民英雄们永垂不朽!由此上溯到一千八百四十年，从那时起，为了反对内外敌人，争取民族独立和人民自由幸福，在历次斗争中牺牲的人民英雄们永垂不朽!”在新中国成立70周年的今天，再次诵读这段话，我们就会意识到，这改天换地的宏伟现实是人民创造的，人民当之无愧是时代的英雄，是历史的创造者。
只有认识到人民的主体地位，才能感受到奔涌的时代浪潮下面深藏的不竭力量，才有可能从整体上把握一个时代，认识沸腾的现实。
认识人民创造历史的主体地位，是为了从理性和情感上把自己放到人民中间，是为了解决我是谁、我属于谁的问题。
2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷数学试题及答案解析
2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考Ⅰ卷）数学一、单选题（本大题共8小题，共40.0分）1. 若集合M ={x|√x <4}，N ={x|3x ≥1}，则M ∩N =( )A. {x|0≤x <2}B. {x|13≤x <2}C. {x|3≤x <16}D. {x|13≤x <16}2. 若i(1−z)=1，则z +z −=( )A. −2B. −1C. 1D. 23. 在△ABC 中，点D 在边AB 上，BD =2DA.记CA ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =m ⃗⃗⃗ ，CD ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =n ⃗ ，则CB ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =( ) A. 3m⃗⃗⃗ −2n ⃗ B. −2m⃗⃗⃗ +3n ⃗ C. 3m⃗⃗⃗ +2n ⃗ D. 2m⃗⃗⃗ +3n ⃗ 4. 南水北调工程缓解了北方一些地区水资源短缺问题，其中一部分水蓄入某水库．已知该水库水位为海拔148.5m 时，相应水面的面积为140.0km 2；水位为海拔157.5m 时，相应水面的面积为180.0km 2.将该水库在这两个水位间的形状看作一个棱台，则该水库水位从海拔148.5m 上升到157.5m 时，增加的水量约为(√7≈2.65)( )A. 1.0×109m 3B. 1.2×109m 3C. 1.4×109m 3D. 1.6×109m 35. 从2至8的7个整数中随机取2个不同的数，则这2个数互质的概率为( )A. 16B. 13C. 12D. 236. 记函数f(x)=sin(ωx +π4)+b(ω>0)的最小正周期为T.若2π3<T <π，且y =f(x)的图像关于点(3π2,2)中心对称，则f(π2)=( )A. 1B. 32C. 52D. 37. 设a =0.1e 0.1，b =19，c =−ln0.9，则( )A. a <b <cB. c <b <aC. c <a <bD. a <c <b8. 已知正四棱锥的侧棱长为l ，其各顶点都在同一球面上．若该球的体积为36π，且3≤l ≤3√3，则该正四棱锥体积的取值范围是( )A. [18,814]B. [274,814]C. [274,643]D. [18,27]二、多选题（本大题共4小题，共20.0分）9.已知正方体ABCD−A1B1C1D1，则()A. 直线BC1与DA1所成的角为90°B. 直线BC1与CA1所成的角为90°C. 直线BC1与平面BB1D1D所成的角为45°D. 直线BC1与平面ABCD所成的角为45°10.已知函数f(x)=x3−x+1，则()A. f(x)有两个极值点B. f(x)有三个零点C. 点(0,1)是曲线y=f(x)的对称中心D. 直线y=2x是曲线y=f(x)的切线11.已知O为坐标原点，点A(1,1)在抛物线C：x2=2py(p>0)上，过点B(0,−1)的直线交C于P，Q两点，则()A. C的准线为y=−1B. 直线AB与C相切C. |OP|⋅|OQ|>|OA|2D. |BP|⋅|BQ|>|BA|212.已知函数f(x)及其导函数f′(x)的定义域均为R，记g(x)=f′(x).若f(32−2x)，g(2+x)均为偶函数，则()A. f(0)=0B. g(−12)=0 C. f(−1)=f(4) D. g(−1)=g(2)三、填空题（本大题共4小题，共20.0分）13.(1−yx)(x+y)8的展开式中x2y6的系数为______(用数字作答)．14.写出与圆x2+y2=1和(x−3)2+(y−4)2=16都相切的一条直线的方程______．15.若曲线y=(x+a)e x有两条过坐标原点的切线，则a的取值范围是______．16.已知椭圆C：x2a2+y2b2=1(a>b>0)，C的上顶点为A，两个焦点为F1，F2，离心率为12.过F1且垂直于AF2的直线与C交于D，E两点，|DE|=6，则△ADE的周长是______．四、解答题（本大题共6小题，共70.0分）17. 记S n 为数列{a n }的前n 项和，已知a 1=1，{S na n}是公差为13的等差数列．(1)求{a n }的通项公式； (2)证明：1a 1+1a 2+⋯+1a n<2．18. 记△ABC 的内角A ，B ，C 的对边分别为a ，b ，c ，已知cosA 1+sinA =sin2B1+cos2B ．(1)若C =2π3，求B ；(2)求a 2+b 2c 2的最小值．19. 如图，直三棱柱ABC −A 1B 1C 1的体积为4，△A 1BC 的面积为2√2．(1)求A 到平面A 1BC 的距离；(2)设D 为A 1C 的中点，AA 1=AB ，平面A 1BC ⊥平面ABB 1A 1，求二面角A −BD −C 的正弦值．20. 一医疗团队为研究某地的一种地方性疾病与当地居民的卫生习惯(卫生习惯分为良好和不够良好两类)的关系，在已患该疾病的病例中随机调查了100例(称为病例组)，同时在未患该疾病的人群中随机调查了100人(称为对照组)，得到如下数据：不够良好良好病例组 40 60 对照组1090(1)能否有99%的把握认为患该疾病群体与未患该疾病群体的卫生习惯有差异？(2)从该地的人群中任选一人，A 表示事件“选到的人卫生习惯不够良好”，B 表示事件“选到的人患有该疾病”，P(B|A)P(B −|A)与P(B|A −)P(B −|A −)的比值是卫生习惯不够良好对患该疾病风险程度的一项度量指标，记该指标为R ． (ⅰ)证明：R =P(A|B)P(A −|B)⋅P(A −|B −)P(A|B −)；(ⅱ)利用该调查数据，给出P(A|B)，P(A|B −)的估计值，并利用(ⅰ)的结果给出R 的估计值． 附：K 2=n(ad−bc)2(a+b)(c+d)(a+c)(b+d)． P(K 2≥k)0.050 0.010 0.001 k3.8416.63510.82821.已知点A(2,1)在双曲线C：x2a2−y2a2−1=1(a>1)上，直线l交C于P，Q两点，直线AP，AQ的斜率之和为0．(1)求l的斜率；(2)若tan∠PAQ=2√2，求△PAQ的面积．已知函数f(x)=e x−ax和g(x)=ax−lnx有相同的最小值．(1)求a；(2)证明：存在直线y=b，其与两条曲线y=f(x)和y=g(x)共有三个不同的交点，并且从左到右的三个交点的横坐标成等差数列．答案解析1.【答案】D【解析】解：由√x <4，得0≤x <16，∴M ={x|√x <4}={x|0≤x <16}， 由3x ≥1，得x ≥13，∴N ={x|3x ≥1}={x|x ≥13}， ∴M ∩N ={x|0≤x <16}∩{x|x ≥13}={x|13≤x <16}． 故选：D ．分别求解不等式化简M 与N ，再由交集运算得答案． 本题考查交集及其运算，考查不等式的解法，是基础题．2.【答案】D【解析】解：由i(1−z)=1，得1−z =1i =−i−i 2=−i ， ∴z =1+i ，则z −=1−i ， ∴z +z −=1+i +1−i =2． 故选：D ．把已知等式变形，利用复数代数形式的乘除运算化简，求出z −，再求出z +z −． 本题考查复数代数形式的乘除运算，考查复数的基本概念，是基础题．3.【答案】B【解析】解：如图，CD ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =CA ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ +AD ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =CA ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ +12DB ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =CA ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ +12(CB ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ −CD ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ )=CA ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ +12CB ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ −12CD ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ， ∴12CB ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =32CD ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ −CA ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ，即CB ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =3CD ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ −2CA ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =3n ⃗ −2m ⃗⃗⃗ ． 故选：B ．直接利用平面向量的线性运算可得12CB⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =32CD⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ −CA⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ，进而得解．本题主要考查平面向量的线性运算，考查运算求解能力，属于基础题．4.【答案】C【解析】解：140km2=140×106m2，180km2=180×106m2，根据题意，增加的水量约为140×106+180×106+√140×106×180×1063×(157.5−148.5)=(140+180+60√7)×1063×9≈(320+60×2.65)×106×3=1437×106≈1.4×109m3.故选：C．先统一单位，再根据题意结合棱台的体积公式求解即可．本题以实际问题为载体考查棱台的体积公式，考查运算求解能力，属于基础题．5.【答案】D【解析】解：从2至8的7个整数中任取两个数共有C72=21种方式，其中互质的有：23，25，27，34，35，37，38，45，47，56，57，58，67，78，共14种，故所求概率为1421=23．故选：D．先求出所有的基本事件数，再写出满足条件的基本事件数，用古典概型的概率公式计算即可得到答案．本题考查古典概型的概率计算，考查运算求解能力，属于基础题．6.【答案】A【解析】解：函数f(x)=sin(ωx+π4)+b(ω>0)的最小正周期为T，则T=2πω，由2π3<T<π，得2π3<2πω<π，∴2<ω<3，∵y=f(x)的图像关于点(3π2,2)中心对称，∴b=2，且sin(3π2ω+π4)=0，则3π2ω+π4=kπ，k∈Z．∴ω=23(k−14)，k∈Z，取k=4，可得ω=52．∴f(x)=sin(52x+π4)+2，则f(π2)=sin(52×π2+π4)+2=−1+2=1．故选：A．由周期范围求得ω的范围，由对称中心求解ω与b值，可得函数解析式，则f(π2)可求．本题考查y=Asin(ωx+φ)型函数的图象与性质，考查逻辑思维能力与运算求解能力，是中档题．7.【答案】C【解析】解：构造函数f(x)=lnx+1x，x>0，则f′(x)=1x −1x2，x>0，当f′(x)=0时，x=1，0<x<1时，f′(x)<0，f(x)单调递减；x>1时，f′(x)>0，f(x)单调递增，∴f(x)在x=1处取最小值f(1)=1，∴lnx>1−1x，∴ln0.9>1−10.9=−19，∴−ln0.9<19，∴c<b；∵−ln0.9=ln109>1−910=110，∴109>e0.1，∴0.1e0.1<19，∴a<b；∵0.1e0.1>0.1×1.1=0.11，而−1n0.9=ln109<12(109−910)=19180<0.11，∴a>c，∴c<a<b．故选：C．构造函数f(x)=lnx+1x ，x>0，利用导数性质求出lnx>1−1x，由此能求出结果．本题考查三个数的大小的判断，考查构造法、导数性质等基础知识，考查运算求解能力，是基础题．8.【答案】C【解析】解：如图所示，正四棱锥P −ABCD 各顶点都在同一球面上，连接AC 与BD 交于点E ，连接PE ，则球心O 在直线PE 上，连接OA ， 设正四棱锥的底面边长为a ，高为ℎ，在Rt △PAE 中，PA 2=AE 2+PE 2，即l 2=(√2a2)2+ℎ2=12a 2+ℎ2，∵球O 的体积为36π，∴球O 的半径R =3，在Rt △OAE 中，OA 2=OE 2+AE 2，即R 2=(ℎ−3)2+(√2a2)2，∴12a 2+ℎ2−6ℎ=0，∴12a 2+ℎ2=6ℎ， ∴l 2=6ℎ，又∵3≤l ≤3√3，∴32≤ℎ≤92，∴该正四棱锥体积V(ℎ)=13a 2ℎ=13(12ℎ−2ℎ2)ℎ=−23ℎ3+4ℎ2， ∵V′(ℎ)=−2ℎ2+8ℎ=2ℎ(4−ℎ)，∴当32≤ℎ<4时，V′(ℎ)>0，V(ℎ)单调递增；当4<ℎ≤92时，V′(ℎ)<0，V(ℎ)单调递减， ∴V(ℎ)max =V(4)=643，又∵V(32)=274，V(92)=814，且274<814，∴274≤V(ℎ)≤643，即该正四棱锥体积的取值范围是[274,643]， 故选：C ．画出图形，由题意可知求出球的半径R =3，设正四棱锥的底面边长为a ，高为ℎ，由勾股定理可得l 2=12a 2+ℎ2，又R 2=(ℎ−3)2+(√2a 2)2，所以l 2=6ℎ，由l 的取值范围求出ℎ的取值范围，又因为a 2=12ℎ−2ℎ2，所以该正四棱锥体积V(ℎ)=−23ℎ3+4ℎ2，利用导数即可求出V(ℎ)的取值范围． 本题主要考查了正四棱锥的外接球问题，考查了利用导数研究函数的最值，属于中档题．9.【答案】ABD【解析】解：如图，连接B 1C ，由A 1B 1//DC ，A 1B 1=DC ，得四边形DA 1B 1C 为平行四边形， 可得DA 1//B 1C ，∵BC 1⊥B 1C ，∴直线BC 1与DA 1所成的角为90°，故A 正确；∵A 1B 1⊥BC 1，BC 1⊥B 1C ，A 1B 1∩B 1C =B 1，∴BC 1⊥平面DA 1B 1C ，而CA 1⊂平面DA 1B 1C ， ∴BC 1⊥CA 1，即直线BC 1与CA 1所成的角为90°，故B 正确；设A 1C 1∩B 1D 1=O ，连接BO ，可得C 1O ⊥平面BB 1D 1D ，即∠C 1BO 为直线BC 1与平面BB 1D 1D 所成的角，∵sin∠C 1BO =OC 1BC 1=12，∴直线BC 1与平面BB 1D 1D 所成的角为30°，故C 错误；∵CC 1⊥底面ABCD ，∴∠C 1BC 为直线BC 1与平面ABCD 所成的角为45°，故D 正确． 故选：ABD ．求出异面直线所成角判断A ；证明线面垂直，结合线面垂直的性质判断B ；分别求出线面角判断C 与D ． 本题考查空间中异面直线所成角与线面角的求法，考查空间想象能力与思维能力，考查运算求解能力，是基础题．10.【答案】AC【解析】解：f′(x)=3x 2−1，令f′(x)>0，解得x <−√33或x >√33，令f′(x)<0，解得−√33<x <√33，∴f(x)在(−∞,−√33),(√33,+∞)上单调递增，在(−√33,√33)上单调递减，且f(−√33)=2√3+99>0,f(√33)=9−2√39>0，∴f(x)有两个极值点，有且仅有一个零点，故选项A 正确，选项B 错误；又f(x)+f(−x)=x 3−x +1−x 3+x +1=2，则f(x)关于点(0,1)对称，故选项C 正确；假设y =2x 是曲线y =f(x)的切线，设切点为(a,b)，则{3a 2−1=22a =b，解得{a =1b =2或{a =−1b =−2，显然(1,2)和(−1,−2)均不在曲线y =f(x)上，故选项D 错误． 故选：AC ．对函数f(x)求导，判断其单调性和极值情况，即可判断选项AB ；由f(x)+f(−x)=2，可判断选项C ；假设y =2x 是曲线y =f(x)的切线，设切点为(a,b)，求出a ，b 的值，验证点(a,b)是否在曲线y =f(x)上即可．本题考查利用导数研究函数的单调性，极值以及曲线在某点的切线方程，考查运算求解能力，属于中档题．11.【答案】BCD【解析】解：∵点A(1,1)在抛物线C ：x 2=2py(p >0)上， ∴2p =1，解得p =12，∴抛物线C 的方程为x 2=y ，准线方程为y =−14，选项A 错误； 由于A(1,1)，B(0,−1)，则k AB =1−(−1)1−0=2，直线AB 的方程为y =2x −1，联立{y =2x −1x 2=y ，可得x 2−2x +1=0，解得x =1，故直线AB 与抛物线C 相切，选项B 正确；根据对称性及选项B 的分析，不妨设过点B 的直线方程为y =kx −1(k >2)，与抛物线在第一象限交于P(x 1,y 1)，Q(x 2,y 2)，联立{y =kx −1y =x 2，消去y 并整理可得x 2−kx +1=0，则x 1+x 2=k ，x 1x 2=1，y 1y 2=(kx 1−1)(kx 2−1)=k 2x 1x 2−k(x 1+x 2)+1=1，|OP|⋅|OQ|=√x 12+y 12⋅√x 22+y 22≥√2x 1y 1⋅√2x 2y 2=2√x 1x 2y 1y 2=2=|OA|2，由于等号在x 1=x 2=y 1=y 2=1时才能取到，故等号不成立，选项C 正确；|BP||BQ|=√x 12+(y 1+1)2⋅√x 2+(y 2+1)2>√x 12+4y 1⋅√x 22+4y 2=√5x 12⋅√5x 22=5√(x 1x 2)2=5=|BA|2，选项D 正确． 故选：BCD ．对于A ，根据题意求得p 的值，进而得到准线；对于B ，求出直线AB 方程，联立直线AB 与抛物线方程即可得出结论；对于C ，设过点B 的直线方程为y =kx −1(k >2)，联立该直线与抛物线方程，由韦达定理得到两根之和及两个之积，然后利用两点间的距离公式，结合基本不等式判断选项CD ． 本题考查抛物线方程的求解，直线与抛物线位置关系的综合运用，同时还涉及了两点间的距离公式以及基本不等式的运用，考查运算求解能力，属于中档题．12.【答案】BC【解析】解：∵f(32−2x)为偶函数，∴可得f(32−2x)=f(32+2x)，∴f(x)关于x =32对称， 令x =54，可得f(32−2×54)=f(32+2×54)，即f(−1)=f(4)，故C 正确； ∵g(2+x)为偶函数，∴g(2+x)=g(2−x)，g(x)关于x =2对称，故D 不正确； ∵f(x)关于x =32对称，∴x =32是函数f(x)的一个极值点，∴g(32)=f′(32)=0， 又∴g(x)关于x =2对称，∴g(52)=g(32)=0，∴x =52是函数f(x)的一个极值点，f(x)关于x =32对称，∴x =−12是函数f(x)的一个极值点，∴g(−12)=f′(−12)=0，故B 正确； f(x)图象位置不确定，可上下移动，即没一个自变量对应的函数值是确定值，故A 错误． 故选：BC ．由f(32−2x)为偶函数，可得f(x)关于x =32对称，可判断C ；g(2+x)为偶函数，可得g(2+x)=g(2−x)，g(x)关于x =2对称，可判断D ；由g(32)=0，g(x)关于x =2对称，可得g(52)=0，得到x =52是f(x)的极值点，x =−12也是极值点，从而判断B ；f(x)图象位置不确定，可上下移动，故函数值不确定，从而判断A ．本题考查函数的奇偶性，极值点与对称性，考查了转化思想和方程思想，属中档题．13.【答案】−28【解析】解：(x +y)8的通项公式为T r+1=C 8r x 8−r y r， 当r =6时，T 7=C 86x 2y 6，当r =5时，T 6=C 85x 3y 5，∴(1−yx)(x +y)8的展开式中x 2y 6的系数为C 86−C 85=8!6!⋅2!−8!5!⋅3!=28−56=−28． 故答案为：−28．由题意依次求出(x +y)8中x 2y 6，x 3y 5项的系数，求和即可． 本题考查二项式定理的应用，考查运算求解能力，是基础题．14.【答案】x =−1(填3x +4y −5=0，7x −24y −25=0都正确)【解析】解：圆x 2+y 2=1的圆心坐标为O(0,0)，半径r 1=1， 圆(x −3)2+(y −4)2=16的圆心坐标为C(3,4)，半径r 2=4， 如图：∵|OC|=r 1+r 2，∴两圆外切，由图可知，与两圆都相切的直线有三条． ∵k OC =43，∴l 1的斜率为−34，设直线l 1：y =−34x +b ，即3x +4y −4b =0，由|−4b|5=1，解得b =54(负值舍去)，则l 1：3x +4y −5=0；由图可知，l 2：x =−1；l 2与l 3关于直线y =43x 对称，联立{x =−1y =43x ，解得l 2与l 3的一个交点为(−1,−43)，在l 2上取一点(−1,0)，该点关于y =43x 的对称点为(x 0,y 0)，则{y 02=43⋅x 0−12y 0x 0+1=−34，解得对称点为(725,−2425).∴k l 3=−2425+43725+1=724，则l 3：y =724(x +1)−43，即7x −24y −25=0． ∴与圆x 2+y 2=1和(x −3)2+(y −4)2=16都相切的一条直线的方程为： x =−1(填3x +4y −5=0，7x −24y −25=0都正确)．故答案为：x =−1(填3x +4y −5=0，7x −24y −25=0都正确)．由题意画出图形，可得两圆外切，由图可知，与两圆都相切的直线有三条．分别求出三条切线方程，则答案可求．本题考查圆的切线方程的求法，考查圆与圆位置关系的应用，考查运算求解能力，是中档题．15.【答案】(−∞,−4)∪(0,+∞)【解析】解：y′=e x +(x +a)e x ，设切点坐标为(x 0,(x 0+a)e x 0)， ∴切线的斜率k =e x 0+(x 0+a)e x 0，∴切线方程为y −(x 0+a)e x 0=(e x 0+(x 0+a)e x 0)(x −x 0)， 又∵切线过原点，∴−(x 0+a)e x 0=(e x 0+(x 0+a)e x 0)(−x 0)，整理得：x 02+ax 0−a =0，∵切线存在两条，∴方程有两个不等实根，∴Δ=a2+4a>0，解得a<−4或a>0，即a的取值范围是(−∞,−4)∪(0,+∞)，故答案为：(−∞,−4)∪(0,+∞)．设切点坐标为(x0,(x0+a)e x0)，利用导数求出切线的斜率，进而得到切线方程，再把原点代入可得x02+ax0−a=0，因为切线存在两条，所以方程有两个不等实根，由Δ>0即可求出a的取值范围．本题主要考查了利用导数研究曲线上某点处的切线方程，属于中档题．16.【答案】13【解析】解：∵椭圆C：x2a2+y2b2=1(a>b>0)的离心率为12，∴不妨可设椭圆C：x24c2+y23c2=1，a=2c，∵C的上顶点为A，两个焦点为F1，F2，∴△AF1F2为等边三角形，∵过F1且垂直于AF2的直线与C交于D，E两点，∴k DE=tan30°=√33，由等腰三角形的性质可得，|AD|=|DF2|，|AE|=|EF2|，设直线DE方程为y=√33(x+c)，D(x1,y1)，E(x2,y2)，将其与椭圆C联立化简可得，13x2+8cx−32c2=0，由韦达定理可得，x1+x2=−8c13，x1x2=−32c213，|DE|=√k2+1|x1−x2|=√(x1+x2)2−4x1x2=√13+1⋅√(−8c13)2+128c213=4813c=6，解得c=138，由椭圆的定义可得，△ADE的周长等价于|DE|+|DF2|+|EF2|=4a=8c=8×138=13．故答案为：13．根据已知条件，先设出含c的椭圆方程，再结合三角形的性质，以及弦长公式，求出c的值，最后再根据椭圆的定义，即可求解．本题主要考查直线与椭圆的综合应用，需要学生很强的综合能力，属于中档题．17.【答案】解：(1)已知a1=1，{S na n }是公差为13的等差数列，所以S na n =1+13(n−1)=13n+23，整理得S n=13na n+23a n，①，故当n≥2时，S n−1=13(n−1)a n−1+23a n−1，②，①−②得：13a n=13na n−13na n−1−13a n−1，故(n−1)a n=(n+1)a n−1，化简得：a na n−1=n+1n−1，a n−1a n−2=nn−2，........，a3a2=42，a2a1=31；所以a na1=n(n+1)2，故a n=n(n+1)2(首项符合通项)．所以a n=n(n+1)2．证明：(2)由于a n=n(n+1)2，所以1a n =2n(n+1)=2(1n−1n+1)，所以1a1+1a2+...+1a n=2(1−12+12−13+...+1n−1n+1)=2×(1−1n+1)<2．【解析】(1)直接利用数列的递推关系式的应用求出数列的通项公式；(2)利用(1)的结论，进一步利用裂项相消法的应用求出数列的和，进一步利用放缩法的应用求出结果．本题考查的知识要点：数列的递推关系式，数列的通项公式的求法，数列的求和，裂项相消法在数列求和中的应用，主要考查学生的运算能力和数学思维能力，属于中档题．18.【答案】解：(1)∵cosA1+sinA =sin2B1+cos2B，∴cosA1+sinA=2sinBcosB2cos2B=sinBcosB，化为：cosAcosB=sinAsinB+sinB，∴cos(B+A)=sinB，∴−cosC=sinB，C=2π3，∴sinB=12，∵0<B<π3，∴B=π6．(2)由(1)可得：−cosC =sinB >0，∴cosC <0，C ∈(π2,π)， ∴C 为钝角，B ，A 都为锐角，B =C −π2． sinA =sin(B +C)=sin(2C −π2)=−cos2C ，a 2+b 2c 2=sin 2A+sin 2Bsin 2C=cos 22C+cos 2Csin 2C=(1−2sin 2C)2+(1−sin 2C)sin 2C =2+4sin 4C−5sin 2Csin 2C=2sin 2C+4sin 2C −5≥2√2×4−5=4√2−5，当且仅当sinC =1√24时取等号．∴a 2+b 2c 2的最小值为4√2−5．【解析】(1)利用倍角公式、和差公式、三角形内角和定理即可得出B ．(2)利用诱导公式把A 用C 表示，再利用正弦定理、倍角公式、基本不等式即可得出结论． 本题考查了倍角公式、和差公式、三角形内角和定理、余弦定理、基本不等式、转化方法，考查了推理能力与计算能力，属于中档题．19.【答案】解：(1)由直三棱柱ABC −A 1B 1C 1的体积为4，可得V A 1−ABC =13V A 1B 1C 1−ABC =43，设A 到平面A 1BC 的距离为d ，由V A 1−ABC =V A−A 1BC ， ∴13S △A 1BC ⋅d =43，∴13×2√2⋅d =43，解得d =√2． (2)由直三棱柱ABC −A 1B 1C 1知BB 1⊥平面ABC ，所以平面ABC ⊥平面ABB 1A 1，又平面A 1BC ⊥平面ABB 1A 1，又平面ABC ∩平面A 1BC =BC ， 所以BC ⊥平面ABB 1A 1，∴BC ⊥A 1B ，BC ⊥AB ，以B 为坐标原点，BC ，BA ，BB 1所在直线为坐标轴建立如图所示的空间直角坐标系，∵AA 1=AB ，∴BC ×√2AB ×12=2√2，又12AB ×BC ×AA 1=4，解得AB =BC =AA 1=2， 则B(0,0,0)，A(0,2,0)，C(2,0,0)，A 1(0,2,2)，D(1,1,1)， 则BA ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =(0,2,0)，BD ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =(1,1,1)，BC ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =(2,0,0)，设平面ABD 的一个法向量为n⃗ =(x,y,z)， 则{n ⃗ ⋅BA ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =2y =0n ⃗ ⋅BD ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =x +y +z =0，令x =1，则y =0，z =−1，∴平面ABD 的一个法向量为n ⃗ =(1,0,−1)， 设平面BCD 的一个法向量为m⃗⃗⃗ =(a,b,c)， {m ⃗⃗⃗ ⋅BC ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =2a =0m⃗⃗⃗ ⋅BD ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =a +b +c =0，令b =1，则a =0，c =−1， 平面BCD 的一个法向量为m ⃗⃗⃗ =(0,1,−1)， cos <n ⃗ ，m ⃗⃗⃗ >=√2⋅√2=12， 二面角A −BD −C 的正弦值为√1−(12)2=√32．【解析】(1)利用体积法可求点A 到平面A 1BC 的距离；(2)以B 为坐标原点，BC ，BA ，BB 1所在直线为坐标轴建立如图所示的空间直角坐标系，利用向量法可求二面角A −BD −C 的正弦值．本题考查求点到面的距离，求二面角的正弦值，属中档题．20.【答案】解：(1)补充列联表为：计算K 2=200×(40×90−10×60)2100×100×50×150=24>6.635，所以有99%的把握认为患该疾病群体与未患该疾病群体的卫生习惯有差异． (2)(i)证明：R =P(B|A)P(B −|A)：P(B|A −)P(B −|A −)=P(B|A)P(B −|A)⋅P(B −|A −)P(B|A −)=P(AB)P(A)P(AB −)P(A)⋅P(A −B −)P(A −)P(A −B)P(A −)=P(AB)⋅P(A −B −)P(AB −)⋅P(A −B)=P(AB)P(B)P(A −B)P(B)⋅P(A −B −)P(B −)P(AB −)P(B −)=P(A|B)P(A −|B)⋅P(A −|B −)P(A|B −)；(ⅱ)利用调查数据，P(A|B)=40100=25，P(A|B −)=10100=110，P(A −|B)=1−P(A|B)=35，P(A −|B −)=1−P(A|B −)=910， 所以R =2535×910110=6．【解析】(1)补充列联表，根据表中数据计算K 2，对照附表得出结论． (2)(i)根据条件概率的定义与运算性质，证明即可；(ⅱ)利用调查数据和对立事件的概率公式，计算即可．本题考查了独立性检验应用问题，也考查了条件概率的应用问题，是中档题．21.【答案】解：(1)将点A 代入双曲线方程得 4a 2−1a 2−1=1，化简得a 4−4a 2+4=0，∴a 2=2，故双曲线方程为x 22−y 2=1，由题显然直线l 的斜率存在，设l ：y =kx +m ，设P(x 1,y 1)Q(x 2,y 2)， 则联立双曲线得：(2k 2−1)x 2+4kmx +2m 2+2=0， 故x 1+x 2=−4km 2k 2−1，x 1x 2=2m 2+22k 2−1，k AP +k AQ =y 1−1x 1−2+y 2−1x 2−2=kx 1+m−1x 1−2+kx 2+m−1x 2−2=0，化简得：2kx 1x 2+(m −1−2k)(x 1+x 2)−4(m −1)=0， 故2k(2m 2+2)2k 2−1+(m −1−2k)(−4km2k 2−1)−4(m −1)=0，即(k +1)(m +2k −1)=0，而直线l 不过A 点，故k =−1； (2)设直线AP 的倾斜角为α，由tan∠PAQ =2√2，∴2tan∠PAQ 21−tan 2∠PAQ 2=2√2，得tan∠PAQ 2=√22， 由2α+∠PAQ =π，∴α=π−∠PAQ2，得k AP =tanα=√2，即y 1−1x 1−2=√2，联立y 1−1x 1−2=√2，及x 122−y 12=1得x 1=10−4√23,y 1=4√2−53， 代入直线 l 得m =53，故x 1+x 2=203,x 1x 2=689，而|AP|=√3|x 1−2|,|AQ|=√3|x 2−2|， 由tan∠PAQ =2√2，得sin∠PAQ =2√23， 故S △PAQ =12|AP||AQ|sin∠PAQ =√2|x 1x 2−2(x 1+x 2)+4|=16√29． 【解析】(1)将点A 代入双曲线方程得x 22−y 2=1，由题显然直线l 的斜率存在，设l ：y =kx +m ，与双曲线联立后，根据直线AP ，AQ 的斜率之和为0，求解即可；(2)设直线AP 的倾斜角为α，由tan∠PAQ =2√2，得tan∠PAQ 2=√22，联立y 1−1x 1−2=√2，及x 122−y 12=1，根据三角形面积公式即可求解．本题考查了直线与双曲线的综合，属于中档题．22.【答案】(1)解：∵f(x)=e x−ax，g(x)=ax−lnx，∴f′(x)=e x−a，g′(x)=a−1x，∵y=e x在x∈R上单调递增，函数y=−1x在x∈(0,+∞)上单调递增，∴函数f′(x)和函数g′(x)在各自定义域上单调递增，又∵函数f(x)=e x−ax和g(x)=ax−lnx有最小值，∴当f′(x)=0时，x=lna，当g′(x)=0时，x=1a，∴函数f(x)在(−∞,lna)上单调递减，在(lna,+∞)上单调递增，函数g(x)在(0,1a )上单调递减，在(1a,+∞)上单调递增，∴f(x)min=f(lna)=a−alna，g(x)min=1+lna，∵函数f(x)=e x−ax和g(x)=ax−lnx有相同的最小值∴a−alna=1+lna，解得：a=1．(2)证明：设三个交点的横坐标从小到大依次为x1，x2，x3，由(1)得，函数f(x)在(−∞,0)上单调递减，在(0,+∞)上单调递增，函数g(x)在(0,1)上单调递减，在(1,+∞)上单调递增，∴x1∈(−∞,0)，x2∈(0,1)，x3∈(1,+∞)，b=e x1−x1=e x2−x2=x2−lnx2=x3−lnx3，∴2x2=e x2+lnx2，e x1−x1=x2−lnx2，e x2−x2=x3−lnx3，∴e x1−x1=e lnx2−lnx2，e x2−x2=e lnx3−lnx3，∴f(x1)=f(lnx2)，f(x2)=f(lnx3)，∵lnx2∈(−∞,0)，lnx3∈(0,+∞)，∴x1=lnx2，x2=lnx3，∴x3=e x2，∴x1+x3=lnx2+e x2=2x2，∴x1，x2，x3成等差数列，∴存在直线y=b，其与两条曲线y=f(x)和y=g(x)共有三个不同的交点，并且从左到右的三个交点的横坐标成等差数列．【解析】(1)先对两个函数求导，然后由函数有相同的最小值得到函数f(x)和g(x)的单调性，从而求得f′(x)和g′(x)的零点，进而得到函数的最小值，然后列出方程求得a的值；(2)设三个交点的横坐标从小到大依次为x1，x2，x3，得到有关x1，x2，x3的方程，然后化简利用函数f(x)的单调性求得x1，x3和x2的数量关系，进而得证命题．本题考查了导数的应用，利用导数求函数的单调性，函数的零点，解题的关键是利用函数的单调性求得x1、x3和x2的数量关系．。
2023年普通高等学校招生统一考试数学及答案(新课标全国Ⅰ卷)
2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（试卷类型：A ）数学本试卷共4页，22小题，满分150分。
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一、选择题：本大题共8小题，每小题5分，共计40分，每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是正确的，请把正确的选项填涂在答题卡相应的位置上. 1.已知集合M ={－2,－1,0,1,2,3}，N ={x |x 2－x －6≥0}，则M ∩N =（ ） A.{－2,－1,0,1}B.{0,1,2}C.{－2}D.22.已知z =1i22i-+则z z -=（ ） A.－iB.iC.0D.13.已知向量a =(1,1)，b =(1,－1).若(a +λb )⊥(a +μb )，则（ ） A.λ+μ=1B.λ+μ=－1C.λμ=1D.λμ=－14设函数f (x )=2x (x -a )在区间(0,1)单调递减，则a 的取值范围是（ ） A.(－∞,－2]B.[－2,0)C.(0,2]D.[2,+∞)5.设椭圆C 1：2221x y a+=(a >1)，C 2：2214x y +=的离心率分别为e 1，e 2若e 21，则a =（ ）6.过(0,－2)与圆x 2+y 2－4x －1=0相切的两条直线的夹角为a ，则sin α=（ ）A.17.记S n 为数列{a n }的前n 项和，设甲：{a n }为等差数列；乙：{nS n}为等差数列，则（（ ） A .甲是乙的充分条件但不是必要条件 B .甲是乙的必要条件但不是充分条件 C .甲是乙的充要条件D .甲既不是乙的充分条件也不是乙的必要条件 8.已知sin(α－β)=13，cos αsin β=16则cos(2α+2β)=（ ） A.79B.19C.－19D.－79二、选择题：本大题共4小题，每小题5分，共计20分每小题给出的四个选项中，有多项符合题目要求。
2020年新高考全国卷Ⅰ历史高考试题及答案(山东卷)
山东省2020年普通高中学业水平等级考试历史注意事项:1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置。
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一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题3分，共45分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1．战国时期，孟子认为“无礼义，则上下乱”，韩非子认为“义者，君臣上下之事”。
他们所说“义”的实质是A．中央集权政治的准则B．衡量道德修养的标准C．统治阶层的行为规范D．维护等级秩序的工具2．先秦至西汉前期，山东东部地区得“鱼盐之利”，总体上是商业活跃的地方。
西汉中期以后，这一地区的商人活动开始步入低谷。
这是由于西汉政府A．重视关中地区经济发展B．强化了经济控制C．开通了丝路贸易D．以儒家义利观教化百姓3．表1为唐代翰林学士的起源和演进概况。
它反映了唐代表1A．翰林学士逐渐控制了决策权B．文官地位日益提高C．三省六部制渐趋成熟D．朝廷内部权力的再分配4．王安石在变法中“募饥民修水利”，以“赈救食力之农”“兴陂塘沟港之废”。
与“煮粥赈灾”“开仓放粮”等赈灾方式相比，王安石此举力图A．尽量减轻政府的救灾负担B．稳定灾区的社会秩序C．从长远上解决灾民生计问题D．建立政府抗灾救荒体系5．黄宗羲提出，古代圣王倡行“崇本抑末”，其中“抑末”是指禁绝与巫蛊、奇技淫巧等相关的无益于民生的工商业，而有利于民生的工商业皆属本业。
他作出这一论断旨在A．表达对社会现实的不满B．论证变革经济政策的合理性C．宣扬经世致用思想D．促进资本主义萌芽发展6．1873年，华蘅芳等人翻译的《地学浅释》把英国学者赖尔的地质学理论介绍到中国。
赖尔认为，地质的进化过程，不是由超自然力量或者巨大灾变造成的，而是由自然力量在漫长的岁月中逐渐形成的。
全国高考历史试题及答案
全国高考历史试题及答案高中历史作为高考中重要的一门学科,对学生的高考有着重要的影响。
下面是店铺为你整理关于全国高考历史试题及答案的内容，希望大家喜欢!全国高考历史试题Ⅰ选择题部分(共50分)一.选择题(本大题有25小题，每题2分，共50分。
每题所列的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
)1. 古代的每个民族都喜欢“谈天说地”，而西方人喜欢说“天上”，中国人更喜欢说“天下”，甚至认为，“凡我族类，其心必同”，可以共“天下一家”;“非我族类，其心必异”，那就不是一个“天下”，而是“不共戴天”。
这说明古代中国的“天下”()A. 和近代“国家”概念基本相同B. 严格按照民族区域进行划分C. 其区分标准主要是“文化认同”D. 专指汉民族所在的中原地区2. 刘绍玢说:封建制下，分封诸侯尽心孝忠于王;其不善在于封国势力发展后，不贡不朝，争为雄长;郡县制之善，在于无封建制下的尾大不掉之弊，其不善则在于由于实行流官制，官民不悉，官视民如路人，民亦貌承于官。
因此，他主张:“仍郡县之制，师封建之意，亦曰久于其任而已。
”作者旨在说明()A. 封建制利于统治阶级内部的团结不利于中央集权B. 郡县制利于中央集权不利于统治阶级内部的团结C. 中央集权的郡县制取代封建制是历史发展的必然D. 封建郡县均有利弊应在中央集权之下分权于地方3. 西汉丞相公孙弘在自己的府邸里建造“客馆”，以招揽才学之士。
公孙弘去世后，“李蔡、严青翟、赵周、石庆、公孙贺、刘屈麓继踵为丞相，自蔡至庆，丞相府客馆丘虚而已。
至贺、屈麓时，坏以为马厩、车库、奴脾(婢)室矣!”这段材料客观上反映出了()A. 中央与地方斗争激烈B. 西汉时丞相更替频繁C. 丞相有任免官员权力D. 丞相权力逐渐被削弱4.吕思勉指出：“汉代注释与阐述儒家经典的经学作为一门正统学问，成为知识分子关注的焦点。
如郑玄遍注群经，号称最博学的人。
而其经说，支离破碎，于理决不可通，以及自相矛盾之处，都不知凡己。
2024年全国高考Ⅰ卷英语试题及答案
2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语姓名________________ 准考证号________________全卷共12页，满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
考生注意：1. 答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔分别填写在试题卷和答题纸规定的位置上。
2. 答题时，请按照答题纸上“注意事项”的要求，在答题纸相应的位置上规范作答，在本试题卷上的作答一律无效。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A. £19.15.B. £9.18.C. £9.15.答案是C。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What is Kate doing?A. Boarding a flight.B. Arranging a trip.C. Seeing a friend off.【2. 此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What are the speakers talking about?A. A pop star.B. An old song.C. A radio program.3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What will the speakers do today?A. Go to an art show.B. Meet the man's aunt.C. Eat out with Mark.4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does the man want to do?A. Cancel an order.B. Ask for a receipt.C. Reschedule a delivery.5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】When will the next train to Bedford leave?A. At 9:45.B. At 10:15.C. At 11:00.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷英语试题及参考答案
2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考全国Ⅰ卷）英语本试卷共10页，满分120分。
考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。
用2B铅笔将试卷类型（A）填涂在答题卡相应位置上。
将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。
因笔试不考听力，选择题从第二部分的“阅读”开始，试题序号从“21”开始。
2. 作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。
3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁：考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
AGrading Policies for Introduction to LiteratureGrading Scale90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.Essays（60%）Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 =10%; Essay 2=15%; Essay 3=15%; Essay 4=20%Group Assignments（30%）Students will work in groups to complete four assignments（作业）during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework（10%）Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.Late WorkAn essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.21. Where is this text probably taken from?A. A textbook.B. An exam paper.C. A course plan.D. An academic article.22. How many parts is a student's final grade made up of?A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Five.23. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?A. You will receive a zero.B. You will lose a letter grade.C. You will be given a test.D. You will have to rewrite it.BLike most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula（芝麻菜）was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, "food waste goes against the moral grain," as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story. It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away—from “ugly"（but quite eatable）vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, "if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world."If that's hard to understand, let's keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time —but for him, it's more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished（有瑕疵的）produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? V olunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don't think. "Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat," Curtin says.24. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?A. We pay little attention to food waste.B. We waste food unintentionally at times.C. We waste more vegetables than meat.D. We have good reasons for wasting food.25. What is a consequence of food waste according to the test?A. Moral decline.B. Environmental harm.C. Energy shortage.D. Worldwide starvation.26. What does Curtin's company do?A. It produces kitchen equipment.B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.C. It helps local farmers grow fruitsD. It makes meals out of unwanted food.27. What does Curtin suggest people do?A. Buy only what is needed.B. Reduce food consumption.C. Go shopping once a week.D. Eat in restaurants less often.CThe elderly residents（居民）in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.The project was dreamed up by a local charity（慈善组织）to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people's wellbeing, It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are inuse.Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school."I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they've gone to bed."It's good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I'm enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful."There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: "Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here."Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: "We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities."28. What is the purpose of the project?A. To ensure harmony in care homes.B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.C. To raise money for medical research.D. To promote the elderly people's welfare.29. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?A. She has learned new life skills.B. She has gained a sense of achievement.C. She has recovered her memory.D. She has developed a strong personality.30. What do the underlined words "embark on" mean in paragraph 7?A. Improve.B. Oppose.C. Begin.D. Evaluate.31. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?A. It is well received.B. It needs to be more creative.C. It is highly profitable.D. It takes ages to see the results.DHuman speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common "m" and "a" to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages.More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as "f" and "v", were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned（对齐）, making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure（结构）, making it easier to produce such sounds.The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn't have to do as much work and so didn't grow to be so large.Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of "f" and "v" increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present whenhuman beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. "The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution," said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.32. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi's research focus on?A. Its variety.B. Its distribution.C. Its quantity.D. Its development.33. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.B. They could not open and close their lips easily.C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?A. Supporting evidence for the research results.B. Potential application of the research findings.C. A further explanation of the research methods.D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?A. It is key to effective communication.B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.C. It is a complex and dynamic system.D. It drives the evolution of human beings.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019年考研英语一真题及答案
2019年考研英语一真题及答案2019 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题SectionⅠ Use ofEnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points）①Today, we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps areall available on our smartphones.②1 of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone.③But phones 2 on batteries, and batteries can die faster than we realize.④ 3 you get lost without a phone or a compass, and you 4 can’t find north, a few tricks may help you navigate 5 to civilization, one of which is to follow theland.①When you find yourself 6 a trail, but not in a completely 7 area of land, you have to answer two questions: Which 8 is downhill, in this particular area? ②And where is the nearest water source? ③Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water.④ 9 , if you head downhill, and follow any H2O you find, you should 10 see signs ofpeople.①If you’ve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sights—you may be 11 how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore yourbearings.①Another 12 : Climb high and look for signs of human habitation.② 13 , even in dense forest, you should be able to 14 gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and other paths people carve 15 the woods.③Head toward these 16 to find a way out.④At night, scan the horizon for 17light sources, such as fires and streetlights, then walk toward the glow of light pollution.① 18 , assuming you’re lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the 19 we leave on the landscape.②Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features can 20 you to civilization.1. [A] Few[B] Most[C]Some[D] All2. [A] put[B] take[C] run[D] come3. [A] Since[B] Until[C] Though[D]If4. [A] formally[B] literally[C] gradually[D] relatively5. [A] around[B] away[C]back[D]next6. [A] onto[B] along[C] across[D]off7. [A] unattractive[B] unfamiliar[C] unchanged[D] uncrowded8. [A] way[B] point[C] site[D] place9. [A] Instead[B] Yet[C] So[D] Besides10. [A] immediately[B] eventually[C] unexpectedly[D] intentionally11. [A] frightened[B] annoyed[C] surprised[D] confused12. [A] problem[B] result[C] view[D] option13. [A] Above all[B] For example[C] On average[D] In contrast14. [A] spot[B] avoid[C] bridge[D] separate15. [A] from[B] under[C] beyond[D]through16. [A] posts[B]breaks[C] shades[D] links17. [A] hidden[B] mysterious[C]artificial[D] limited18. [A] Finally[B] Consequently[C] Incidentally[D] Generally19. [A] memories[B] belongings[C] notes[D]marks20. [A] lead[B] adapt[C]restrict[D] exposeSectionⅡ ReadingComprehensionPart A Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40points)Text 1①FinancialregulatorsinBritainhaveimposedaratherunusualruleonthebossesofbigbanks.②Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. ③The main purpose of this “clawback” rule is to holdbankersaccountableforharmfulrisk-takingandtorestorepublictrustinfinancialinstitutions.④Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long-term decision-making, not only by banks but by all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations.①“Short-termism”,orthedesireforquickprofits,hasworsenedinpubliclytradedcompanies, says the Bank of England’s top economist, Andrew Haldane. ②He quotes a giant of classical economics, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like “children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once” rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.①The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain, he notes, has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. ②Transient investors, who demand highquarterlyprofitsfromcompanies,canhinderafirm’seffortstoinvestinlong-termresearchor to build up customer loyalty. ③This has been dubbed “quarterlycapitalism”.①In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities, quicker use of information, and thus shorter attention spans in financial markets. ②“There seems to be a predominance of short-term thinking at the expense of long-term investing,” said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in a speech this week.①In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has pushed most public companies to defer performancebonusesforseniorexecutivesbyaboutayear,slightlyhelpingreduce“short-termism.”②InitslatestsurveyofCEOpay,TheWallStreetJournal findsthat“asubstantialpart”ofexecutive pay is now tied toperformance.①Muchmorecouldbedonetoencourage“long-termism,”suchaschangesinthetaxcodeand quicker disclosure of stock acquisitions. ②In France, shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes earn more voting rights in acompany.①Within companies, the right compensation design can provide incentives for executives to thinkbeyondtheirowntimeatthecompanyandonbehalfofallstakeholders.②Britain’snewrule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in their performance, not just for the short term but for the longterm.21.According to Paragraph 1, one motive in imposing the new rule isto[A]guarantee the bonuses of topexecutives.[B]enhance bankers’ sense ofresponsibility.[C]build a new system of financialregulation.[D]help corporations achieve largerprofits.22.Alfred Marshall is quoted toindicate[A]the solid structure of publicly tradedcompanies.[B]governments’ impatience indecision-making.[C]the conditions for generating quickprofits.[D]“short-termism” in economicactivities.23.It is argued that the influence of transient investment on public companies canbe[A]minimal.[B]indirect.[C]adverse.[D]temporary.24.The US and France examples are used toillustrate[A]the approaches to promoting“long-termism.”[B]the prevalence of short-termthinking.[C]the significance of long-termthinking.[D]the obstacles to preventing“short-termism.”25.Which of the following would be the best title for thetext?[A]Decisiveness Required of TopExecutives[B]Failure of QuarterlyCapitalism[C]Patience as a CorporateVirtue[D]Frustration of Risk-takingBankersText 2①Gradeinflation—thegradualincreaseinaverageGPAs(grade-pointaverages)overthepast fewdecades—isoftenconsideredaproductofaconsumererainhighereducation,inwhichstudents aretreatedlikecustomerstobepleased.②Butanother,relatedforce—apolicyoftenburieddeep in course catalogs called “grade forgiveness”—is helping raiseGPAs.①Gradeforgivenessallowsstudentstoretakeacourseinwhichtheyreceivedalowgrade,and themostrecentgradeorthehighestgradeistheonlyonethatcountsincalculatingastudent'soverall GPA.①The use of this little-known practice has accelerated in recent years, as colleges continue to do their utmost to keep students in school (and paying tuition) and improve their graduation rates.②When this practice first started decades ago, it was usually limited to freshmen, to give them a second chance to take a class in their first year if they struggled in their transition to college-level courses. ③But now most colleges, save for many selective campuses, allow all undergraduates, and even graduate students, to get their low grades forgiven.①Collegeofficialstendtoemphasizethatthegoalofgradeforgivenessislessaboutthegrade itself and more about encouraging students to retake courses critical to their degree program and graduationwithoutincurringabigpenalty.②“Ultimately,”saidJackMiner,OhioStateUniversity’s registrar, “we see students achieve more success because they retake a course and do better in subsequent courses or master the content that allows them to graduate ontime.”①That said, there is a way in which grade forgiveness satisfies colleges’ own needs as well.② For public institutions, statefunds are sometimes tied partly to their success on metrics such as graduation rates and student retention—so better grades can, by boosting figures like those, mean more money. ③And anything that raises GPAs will likely make students—who, at the end of the day, are paying the bill — feel they’ve gotten a better value for their tuition dollars, which is another big concern for colleges.①Indeed,gradeforgivenessisjustanotherwaythatuniversitiesarerespondingtoconsumers’expectationsforhighereducation.②Sincestudentsandparentsexpectacollegedegreetoleadtoa job,itisinthebestinterestofaschooltoturnoutgraduateswhoareasqualifiedaspossible—oratleastappeartobe.③Onthis,students’andcolleges’incentivesseemtobealigned.26.What is commonly regarded as the cause of gradeinflation?[A]Colleges’ neglect ofGPAs.[B]The influence of consumerculture.[C]Students’ indifference toGPAs.[D]The change of coursecatalogs.27.What was the original purpose of gradeforgiveness?[A]To maintain colleges’ graduationrates.[B]To increase universities’ income from tuition. [C]Toprepare graduates for a challenging future. [D]To helpfreshmen adapt to collegelearning.28.According to Paragraph 5, grade forgiveness enables collegesto[A]obtain more financialsupport.[B]improve their teaching quality. [C]boosttheir studentenrollments.[D] meet local governments’ needs.29.What does the phrase “to be aligned” (Para. 6) most probablymean?[A]To counterbalance eachother.[B]To be contradictory to eachother.[C]To be identical with each other. [D]Tocomplement eachother.30.The author examines the practice of grade forgivenessby[A]assessing itsfeasibility.[B]listing its long-runeffects.[C]comparing different views onit.[D]analyzing the causes behindit.Text 3①This year marks exactly two centuries since the publication of Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, by Mary Shelley. ②Even before the invention of the electric light bulb, the author produced a remarkable work of speculative fiction that would foreshadow many ethical questions to be raised by technologies yet to come.①Todaytherapidgrowthofartificialintelligence(AI)raisesfundamentalquestions:“Whatis intelligence, identity, or consciousness? What makes humanshumans?”①What is being called artificial general intelligence, machines that would imitate the way humans think, continues to evade scientists. ②Yet humans remain fascinated by the idea of robots that would look, move, and respond like humans, similar to those recently depicted on popular sci- fi TV series such as “Westworld” and “Humans”.①Just how people think is still far too complex to be understood, let alone reproduced, says David Eagleman, a Stanford University neuroscientist. ②“We are just in a situation where there are no good theories explaining what consciousness actually is and how you could ever build a machine to get there.”①But that doesn’t mean crucial ethical issues involving AI aren’t at hand. ②The coming use of autonomous vehicles, for example, poses thorny ethical questions. ③Human drivers sometimes must make split-second decisions. ④Their reactions may be a complex combination of instant reflexes,inputfrompastdrivingexperiences,andwhattheireyesandearstelltheminthatmoment.⑤AI “vision” today is not nearly as sophisticated as that of humans. ⑥And to anticipate every imaginable driving situation is a difficult programming problem.①Whenever decisions are based on masses of data, “you quickly get into a lot of ethical questions,” notes Tan Kiat How, chief executive of a Singapore-based agency that is helping the government develop a voluntary code for the ethical use of AI. ②Along with Singapore, other governments and mega-corporations are beginning to establish their own guidelines. ③Britain is setting up a data ethics center. ④India released its AI ethics strategy this spring.①OnJune7Googlepledgednotto“designordeployAI”thatwouldcause“overallharm,”or todevelopAI-directedweaponsoruseAIforsurveillancethatwouldviolateinternationalnorms.②It also pledged not to deploy AI whose use would violate international laws or human rights.①While the statement is vague, it represents one starting point. ②So does the idea that decisions made by AI systems should be explainable, transparent, and fair.①To put it another way: How can we make sure that the thinking of intelligent machines reflectshumanity’shighestvalues?②Onlythenwilltheybeusefulservantsandnot Frankenstein’s out-of-control monster.31.Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein is mentioned becauseit[A]involves some concerns raised by AItoday.[B]has remained popular for as long as 200years.[C]fascinates AI scientists all over theworld.[D]has sparked serious ethicalcontroversies.32.In David Eagleman’s opinion, our current knowledge ofconsciousness[A]helps explain artificialintelligence.[B]is too limited for us to reproduceit.[C]inspires popular sci-fi TVseries.[D]can be misleading to robotmaking.33.The solution to the ethical issues brought by autonomousvehicles[A]can hardly ever befound.[B]has aroused muchcuriosity.[C]is still beyond ourcapacity.[D]causes little publicconcern.34.The author’s attitude toward Google’s pledge is oneof[A]contempt.[B]skepticism.[C]respect[D]affirmation35.Which of the following would be the best title for thetext?[A]The Conscience of AI: Complex ButInevitable[B]Frankenstein, the Novel Predicting the Age ofAI[C]AI’s Future: In the Hands of TechGiants[D]AI Shall Be Killers Once Out ofControlText 4①States will be able to force more people to pay sales tax when they make online purchases under a Supreme Court decision Thursday that will leave shoppers with lighter wallets but is a big financial win for states.①TheSupremeCourt’sopinionThursdayoverruledapairofdecades-olddecisionsthatstates said cost them billions of dollars in lost revenue annually. ②The decisions made it more difficult for states to collect sales tax on certain onlinepurchases.①Thecasesthecourtoverturnedsaidthatifabusinesswasshippingacustomer’spurchaseto astatewherethebusinessdidn’thaveaphysicalpresencesuchasawarehouseoroffice,thebusinessdidn’thavetocollectsalestaxforthestate.②Customersweregenerallyresponsibleforpayingthe sales tax to the state themselves if they weren’t charged it, but most didn’t realize they owed it and fewpaid.①Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote that the previous decisions were flawed. ②“Each year the physical presence rule becomes further removed from economic reality and results in significant revenuelossestothestates,”hewroteinanopinionjoinedbyfourotherjustices.③Kennedywrote that the rule “limitedstates’ ability to seek long-term prosperity and has prevented market participants from competing on an even playingfield.”①The ruling is a victory for big chains with a presence in many states, since they usually collect sales tax on online purchases already. ②Now, rivals will be charging sales tax where they hadn’t before. ③Big chains have been collecting sales tax nationwide because they typically have physical stores in whatever state a purchase is being shipped to. ④, with its network of warehouses, also collects sales tax in every state that charges it, though third-party sellers whouse the site don’t have to.①Until now, many sellers that have a physical presence in only a single state or a few states have been able to avoid charging sales taxes when they ship to addresses outside those states.②Sellers that use eBay and Etsy, which provide platforms for smaller sellers, also haven’t been collectingsalestaxnationwide.③UndertherulingThursday,statescanpasslawsrequiringout-of- state sellers to collect the state’s sales tax from customers and send it to the state.①Retail trade groups praised the ruling, saying it levels the playing field for local and online businesses.②The losers, said retail analyst Neil Saunders, are online-only retailers, especiallysmaller ones. ③Those retailers may face headaches complying with various state sales tax laws.④The Small Business & Entrepreneurship Council advocacy group said in a statement, “Small businesses and internet entrepreneurs are not well served at all by this decision.”36.The Supreme Court decision Thursdaywill[A]put most online businesses in adilemma.[B]force some states to cut salestax.[C]make more online shoppers pay salestax.[D]better businesses’ relations withstates.37.It can be learned from Paragraphs 2 and 3 that the overruleddecisions[A]were widely criticized by onlinepurchasers.[B]have cost consumers a lot over theyears.[C]have led to the dominance ofe-commerce.[D]were considered unfavorable bystates.38.According to Justice Anthony Kennedy, the physical presence rulehas[A]hindered economicdevelopment.[B]harmed fair marketcompetition.[C]boosted growth in states’revenue.[D]brought prosperity to thecountry.39.Who are most likely to welcome the Supreme Courtruling?[A]Big-chainowners.[B]Third-partysellers.[C]Internet entrepreneurs.[D]Small retailers.40.In dealing with the Supreme Court decision Thursday, theauthor[A]presents its main points with conflicting views onthem.[B]gives a factual account of it and discusses itsconsequences.[C]cites some cases related to it and analyzes theirimplications.[D]describes the long and complicated process of itsmaking.Part BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraph C and F have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) A.These tools can help you win every argument—not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about the issues that divide people, learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. If we readjust our view of arguments—from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain mutual respect and understanding—then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.B.Inhis1936work HowtoWinFriendsandInfluencePeople,DaleCarnegiewrote:“Thereisonly one way…to get the best of an argument—and that is to avoid it.” This aversion to arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes profound problems for our personal and social lives—and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the firstplace.C.Noneofthesewillbeeasy,butyoucanstartevenifothersrefuseto.Nexttimeyoustateyourposition, formulate an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good. Next time you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view. Spell out their argument fully and charitably. Assess its strength impartially. Raise objections and listen carefully to their replies.D.Of course, many discussions are not so successful. Still, we need to be careful not to accuse opponents of bad arguments too quickly. We need to learn how to evaluate them properly. A large part of evaluation is calling out bad arguments, but we also need to admit good arguments by opponentsandtoapplythesamecriticalstandardstoourselves.Humilityrequiresyoutorecognize weaknesses in your own arguments and sometimes also to accept reasons on the oppositeside.E.Thereisabetterwaytowinarguments.Imaginethatyoufavorincreasingtheminimumwageinourstate,andIdonot.Ifyouyell,“Yes,”andIyell.“No,”neitherofuslearnsanything.Weneither understandnorrespecteachother,andwehavenobasisforcompromiseorcooperation.Incontrast, suppose you give a reasonable argument: that full-time workers should not have to live in poverty. ThenIcounterwithanotherreasonableargument:thatahigherminimumwagewillforcebusinesses toemployfewerpeopleforlesstime.Nowwecanunderstandeachother’spositionsandrecognize our shared values, since we both care about needyworkers.F.These views of arguments also undermine reason. If you see a conversation as a fight or competition,youcanwinbycheatingaslongasyoudon’tgetcaught.Youwillbehappytoconvince people with bad arguments. You can call their views stupid, or joke about how ignorant they are. Noneofthesetrickswillhelpyouunderstandthem,theirpositionsortheissuesthatdivideyou,but they can help you win —in oneway.G.Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them. Like physical fights, verbal fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. Your prospects would be almost as dismal if arguments were even just competitions—like,say,tennisgames.Parisofopponentshittheballbackandforthuntilonewinneremergesfrom all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking is why so many people try to avoid arguments, especially about politics andreligion.41. →42. →F→43. →44. →C→45.Part C Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals, and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end, that I realised just how bad much of the medical literature frequently was. I came to recognise various signs of a bad paper: the kind of paper that purports to show that people who eat more than one kilo of broccoli a week were 1.17 timesmorelikely than those who eat less to suffer late in life from pernicious anaemia. (46) There is a greatdeal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and thelay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms.Why is so much bad science published? A recent paper, titled “The Natural Selection of Bad Science”,publishedontheRoyalSociety’sopensciencewebsite,attemptstoanswerthisintriguing and important question. It says that the problem is not merely that people do bad science, but that our current system of career advancement positively encourages it. What is important is not truth, but publication, which has become almost an end in itself. There has been a kind of inflationary processatwork: (47)nowadaysanyoneapplyingforaresearchposthastohavepublishedtwicethenumber of papers that would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago. Never mind the quality, then, count thenumber.(48) Attempts have been made to curb this tendency, for example, by trying to incorporate somemeasureofqualityaswellasquantityintotheassessmentofanapplicant’spapers.Thisisthe famed citation index, that is to say the number of times a paper has been quoted elsewhere in the scientific literature, the assumption being that an important paper will be cited more often than one of small account. (49) This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favours.Boiling down an individual’s output to simple metrics, such as number of publications or journalimpacts,entailsconsiderablesavingsintime,energyandambiguity.Unfortunately,thelong-termcostsofusingsimplequantitativemetricstoassessresearchermeritarelikelytobequitegreat.(50)Ifweareseriousaboutensuringthatourscienceisbothmeaningfulandreproducible,wemust ensure that our institutions encourage that kind ofscience.SectionIII WritingPart A51.Directions:Suppose you are working for the “Aiding Rural Primary School” project of your university. Write an email to answer the inquiry from an international student volunteer, specifying the details of the project.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the email. Use “Li Ming” instead.(10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below. In your essay, you should1)describe the picturebriefly,2)interpret the implied meaning,and3)give yourcomments.Write your answer on theANSWER SHEET. (20points)2019年英语（⼀）试题参考答案Section I Use of English1.A. Few2.C. run3.D. If4.B. literally5.C. back6.D. off7.B. unfamiliar8.A. way9.C. So10.B. eventually11.C. surprised12.D. option13.B. For example14.A. spot15.D. through16.B. breaks17.C. artificial18.A. Finally19.D. marks20.A. leadPart ASection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionText121.B. enhance bankers’ sense of responsibility.22.D. “short-termism” in economic activities.23.C. adverse.24.A. the approaches to promoting “long-termism.”25.C. Patience as a Corporate Virtue26.B. The influence of consumer culture.Text227.D. To help freshmen adapt to college learning.28.A. obtain more financial support.29.C. To be identical with each other.30.D. analyzing the causes behind it.Text331.A. involves some concerns raised by AI today.32.B. is too limited for us to reproduce it.33.C. is still beyond our capacity.34.D. affirmation35.A. The Conscience of AI: Complex But InevitableText4 36.C. make more online shoppers pay sales tax.37.D. were considered unfavorable by states.38.B. harmed fair market competition.39.A. Big-chain owners.40.B. gives a factual account of it and discusses its consequences.Part B41. B. In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People, Dale Carnegie wrote: “There is only one way…to get the best of an argument—and that is to avoid it.” This aversion to arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes profound problems for our personal and social lives—and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.42. G. Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them. Like physical fights, verbal fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. Your prospects would be almost as dismal if arguments were even just competitions—like, say, tennis games. Paris of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner emerges from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking is why so many people try to avoid arguments, especially about politics and religion.43. E. There is a better way to win arguments. Imagine that you favor increasing the minimum wage in our state, and I do not. If you yell, “Yes,” and I yell. “No,” neither of us learns anything. We neither understand nor respect each other, and we have no basis for compromise or cooperation. In contrast, suppose you give a reasonable argument: that full- time workers should not have to live in poverty. Then I counter with another reasonable argument: that a higher minimum wage will force businesses to employ fewer people for less time. Now we can understand each other’s positions and recognize our shared values, since we both care about needy workers.44. D. Of course, many discussions are not so successful. Still, we need to be careful not to accuse opponents of bad arguments too quickly. We need to learn how to evaluate them properly. A large part of evaluation is calling out bad arguments, but we also need to admit good arguments by opponents and to apply the same critical standards to ourselves. Humility requires you to recognize weaknesses in your own arguments and sometimes also to accept reasons on the opposite side.45. A. These tools can help you win every argument—not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about the issues that divide people, learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. If we readjust our view of arguments—from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain mutual respect and understanding—then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.Part C46. 医学期刊中充斥着这类⽆稽之谈，这些东西⼀经⼴播和⾮专业报刊传播，就会引起健康⽅⾯的恐慌和对某些饮⻝的短暂追捧。
2019年考研英语一试题及答案
2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A B C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Today we live in a world where GPS systems digital maps and other navigation apps are available on our smart phones. 1 of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone. But phones 2 on batteries and batteries can die faster than we realize. 3 you get lost without a phone or a compass and you 4 can’t find north a few tricks to help you navigate 5 to civilization one of which is to follow the land...When you find yourself well 6 a trail but not in a completely 7 area you have to answer two questions: Which 8 is downhill in this particular area? And where is the nearest water source? Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys and on supplies of fresh water. 9 if you head downhill and follow any H2O you find you should 10 see signs of people.If you’ve explored th e area before keep an eye out for familiar sights—you may be 11 how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings.Another 12 : Climb high and look for signs of human habitation. 13 even in dense forest you should be able to 14 gaps in the tree line due to roads train tracks and other paths people carve 15 the woods. Head toward these 16 to find a way out. At night scan the horizon for 17 light sources such as fires and streetlights then walk toward the glow of light pollution.18 assuming you’re lost in an area humans tend to frequent look for the 19 we leave on the landscape. Trail blazes tire tracks and other features can 20 you to civilization.1. [A]Some [B]Most [C]Few [D]All2. [A]put[B]take[C]run [D]come3. [A]Since [B] If [C] Though [D]Until4. [A]formally [B] relatively [C] gradually [D] literally5. [A] back [B] next [C] around [D] away6. [A]onto [B]off[C]across [D]alone7. [A]unattractive[B] uncrowded [C]unchanged [D]unfamiliar8. [A] site[B]point [C]way [D]place9. [A] So [B] Yet [C]Instead [D]Besides10. [A]immediately [B] intentionally [C]unexpectedly [D] eventually11. [A]surprised [B]annoyed [C]frightened [D]confused12. [A] problem [B]option [C]view [D]result13. [A] Above all [B]In contrast [C] On average [D] For example14. [A]bridge [B]avoid [C]spot [D]separate15. [A] from [B] through [C]beyond [D] under16. [A] posts [B]lixxxxnks [C]shades [D]breaks17. [A] artificial [B] mysterious [C] hidden [D] limited18. [A] Finally [B] Consequently [C] incidentally [D] Generally19. [A] memories [B] marks [C] notes [D] belongings20. [A] restrict [B] adopt [C] lead [D] expose1-20参考答案及解析：1. 生活在一个GPS系统，数字地图和其他导航应用程序都在我们的智能手机上轻易获取”。
英美文学选读试题及答案
英美文学选读试题Ⅰ.Multiple Choice (40 points in all, 1 for each)Select from the four choices [A],[B],[C],[D] of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement and write the letter on the answer sheet.1.Romance,which uses narrative verse or prose to tell stories of ___ adventures or other heroic deeds, is a popular literary form in the medieval period.A.Christian2.Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of ___.A.Piers PlowmanB.Sir Gawain and the Green KnightC.Confessio AmantisD.The Canterbury Tales3.Which of the following historical events does not directly help to stimulate the rising of the Renaisssance Movement?A.The rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman culture.B.The new discoveries in geography and astrology.C.The Glorious revolution.D.The religious reformation and the economic expansion.4.Which of the following statements best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare's Sonnet 18?A.The speaker eulogizes the power of Nature.B.The speaker satirizes human vanity.C.The speaker praises the power of artistic creation.D.The speaker meditates on man's salvation.5.“And we will sit upon the rocks,/Seeing the shepherds f eed their flocks,/By shallow rivers to whose falls/Melodious birds sing madrigals.〞The above lines are probably taken from __.A.Spenser's The Faerie QueeneB.John Donne's “The Sun Rising〞C.Shakespeare's “Sonnet 18”D.Marlowe's “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love〞6.“Bassanio:Antonio,I am married to a wifeWhich is as dear to me as life itself;But life itself, My wife, and all the world.Are not with me esteem'd above thy life;I would lose all, ay, sacrifice them all,Here to the devil, to deliver you.Portia:Your wife would give you little thanks for that,If she were by to hear you make the offer.〞The above is a quotation taken from Shakespeare's comedy The Merchant of Venice.The quoted part can be regarded as a good example to illustrate ____.A.dramatic irony7.The ture subject of John Donne's poem,“The Sun Rising,〞is to ___.A.attack the sun as an unruly servantB.give compliments to the mistress and her power of beautyC.criticize the sun's intrusion into the lover's private lifeD.lecture the sun on where true royalty and riches lie8.Of all the 18thcentury novelists Henry Fielding was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specificall y a “___ in prose,〞the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.A.tragic epic B ic epicC.romanceD.lyric epic9.The Houyhnhnms depicted by Jonathan Swift in Gulliver's Travels are ___.A.horses that are endowed with reasonB.pigmies that are endowed with admirable qualitiesC.giants that are superior in wisdomD.hairy,wild, low and despicable creatures, who resemble human beings not only in appearance but also in some other ways.10.Here are four lines from a literary work:“Others for language all their care express,/And value books,as women men, for dress.〞The work is ___.A.Thomas Gray's “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard〞B.John Milton's Paradise LostC.Alexander Pope's Essay on CriticismD.Shakespeare's Midsummer Night's Dream11.The phrase “to urge people to abide by Christian doctrines and to seek salvation through constant struggles with their own weaknesses and all kinds of social evils〞may well sum up the implied meaning of ___.A.Gulliver's TravelsB.The Rape of the LockC.Robinson CrusoeD.The pilgrim's Progress12.William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all the following EXCEPT ___.A.the use of everyday language spoken by the common peopleB.the expression of the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelingsC.the use of humble and rustic life as subject matterD.the use of elegant wording and inflated figures of speech13.Which of the following is taken from John Keats’ “Ode on a Grecian Urn〞?A.“I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!〞B.“They are both gone up to the church to pary.〞C.“Earth has not anything to show more fair.〞D.“Beauty is truth, truth beauty〞.14.“If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind!〞is an epigrammatic line by __.A.J.KeatsB.W.BlakeC.W.Wordsworth15.“Ode o na Grecian Urn〞shows the contrast between the ___ of art and the ___ of human passion.A.glory …uglinessB.permanence…transienceC.transience…sordidnessD.glory…permanence16.In the statement“—oh,God! would you like to live with your soul in the grave?〞the term“soul〞apparently refers to ___.A.Heathcliff himselfC.one's spiritual lifeD.one's ghost17.The typical feature of Robet Browning's poetry is the ___.A.bitter satirerger-than-life caricaturetinized dictionD.dramatic monologue18.The Victorian Age was largely an age of ____,eminently represented by Dickens and Thackeray.A.poetryB.drama D.epic prose19.___is the first important governess(家庭女教师) novel in the English literary history.A.Jane EyreHeights20.The major concern of ______ fiction lies in the tracing of the psychological development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature.wrence'sB.J.Galsworthy'sC.W.Thackeray’sD.T.Hardy’s21.___is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare, and his representative works are plays inspired by social criticism.A.Richard SheridanB.Oliver GoldsmithC.Oscar WildeD.Bernard Shaw22.Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Modernism?A.To elevate the individual and inner being over the social being.B.To put the stress on traditional values.C.To portray the distorted and alienated relationships between man and his environment.D.To advocate a conscious break with the past.23.The Romantic writers would focus on all the following issues EXCEPT the ___ in the American literary histrory.A.individual feelingsB.idea of survival of the fittestC.strong imaginationD.return to nature24.Henry David Thoreau's work,__,has always been regarded as a masterpiece of New England Transcendentalism.B.The pioneersC.NatureD.Song of Myself25.The famous 20-years sleep in “Rip Van Winkle〞helps to construct the story in such a way that we are greatly affected by Irving's ___.A.concern with the passage of timeB.expression of transient beautyC.satire on laziness and corruptibility of human beingsD.idea about supernatural manipulation of man's life26.Walt whitman was a pioneering figure of American poetry.His innovation first of all lies in his use of __,poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.A.blank verseB.heroic coupletC.free verseD.iambic pentameter27.The literary characters of the American type in early 19th century are generally characterized by all the following features EXCEPT that they ___.A.speak local dialectsB.are polite and elegant gentlemenC.are simple and crude farmersD.are noble savages( red and white) untainted by society28.Hester Pryme, Dimmsdale,Chillingworth and Pearl are most likely the names of the characters in ___.A.The Scarlet LetterB.The House of the Seven GablestC.The Portrait of a LadyD.The pioneers29.“This is my letter to the World〞is a poetic expression of Emily Dickinson's __ about her communication with the outside world.A.indifferenceB.anger30.With Howells,James,and Mark Twain active on the literary scene, __ became the major trend in American literature in the seventies and eighties of the 19thcentury.31.After The adventures of Tom Sawyer, Twain gives a literary independence to Tom's buddy Huck in a book entitled ___.A.Life on the MississippiB.The Gilded AgeC.The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnD.A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court32.However,___,the keynote of Daisy Miller's character,turns out to be an admiring but a dangerous quality and her defiance of social taboos in the Old World finally brings her to a disaster in the clash between two different cultures.C.worldliness33.Generally speaking,all those writers with a naturalistic approach to human reality tend to be ___.A.transcendentalists34.Emily Dickinson wrote many short poems on various aspects of life.Which of the following is NOT a usual subject of her poetic expression?A.Religion and immortality.B.Life and death.C.Love and marriage.D.War and peace.35.In “After Apple-Picking,〞Robert Frost wrote:“For I have had too much/Of applepicking:I am overtired/Of the great harvestI myself desired.〞From these lines we can conclude that the speaker is ___.A.happy about the harvestB.still very much interested in apple-pickingC.expecting a greater harvestD.indifferent to what he once desired36.Chinese poetry and philosophy have exerted great influence over ____.A.Ezra PoundB.Ralph Waldo EmersonC.Robert FrostD.Emily Dickinson37.The Hemingway Code heroes are best remembered for their __.A.indestructible spirtieB.pessimistic view of life38.IN The Emperor Jones and The Hairy Ape,O'Neill adopted the expressionist techniques to portray the ___ of human beings in a hostile universe.A.helpless situationC.profound religious faithD.courage and perseverance39.In Hemingway's “Indian Cmap〞,Nick's night trip to the Indian village and his experience inside the hut can be taken as ____.A.an essential lesson about Indian tribesB.a confrontation with evil and sinC.an initiation to the harshness of lifeD.a learning process in human relationship40.which of the following statements about Emily Grierson, the protagonist in Faulkner's story “A Rose for Emily,〞is NOT true?A.She has a distorted personality.B.She is physically deformed and paralyzed.C.She is the symbol of the old values of the South.D.She is the victim of the past glory.PART TWOⅡ.Reading Comprehension (16 points, 4 for each)Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English.Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.41.“Her eyes met his and he looked away.He neither believed nor disbelieved her,but he knew that he had made a mistake in asking;he never had known,never would know,what she was thinking.The sight of her inscrutable face,the thought of all the hundreds of evenings he had seen her sitting there like that,soft and passive,but so unreadable, unknown, enraged him beyond measure.〞Questions:A.Identify the writer and the work.B.What does the phrase “inscrutable face〞mean?C.What idea does the quoted passage express?42.“And when I am formulated,sprawling on a pin,When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall.Then how should beginTo spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways.〞Questions:A.Identify the poem and the poet.B.What does the phrase “butt-ends〞mean?C.What idea does the quoted passage express?43.“God knows,…I'm not myself—I'm somebody else—…and I'm changed,and I can't tell what's my name,or who I am.〞Questions:A.Identify the work and the author.B.The speaker says he is changed.Do you think he is changed, or the social environment has changed?C.What idea does the quoted sentence express?44.“I shall be telling this wi th a sighSomewhere ages and ages hence:Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—I took the one less traveled by,And that has made all the difference.〞Questions:A.Idenfity the poem and the poet.B.What does the phrase “ages and ag es hence〞mean?C.What idea does the quoted passage express?Ⅲ.Questions and Answers(24 points in all, 6 for each)Give brief answers to each of the following questions in English.Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.45.As a rule,an allegory is story in verse or prose with a double meaning: a surface meaning,and an implied meaning.List two works as examples of allegory.What is an allegory usually concerned with by its implied meaning?46.Inspiration for the romantic approach initially came from two great shapers of thought.Who are the two?And what ideas they expressed inspire the romantic writers?47.The white whale,Moby Dick,is the most important symbol in Melville's novel.What symbolic meaning can you draw from it?48.Nature is a philosophic work, in which Emerson gives an explicit discussion on his idea of the Qversoul.What is your understanding of Emersonian “Oversoul〞?Ⅳ.Topic Discussion(20 points in all, 10 for each)Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.49.How is Romanticism different from Neoclassicism?Provide brief evidence from the literary works you know best.50.Summerize the story of Mark twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn in about 100 words,and comment on the theme of the novel.Ⅱ.Reading Comprehension (16 points, 4 for each)41.A.John Galasworthy:The Man of Property.B.A face does not show any emotion or reaction so that it is impossible to know how that person is feeling or what he is thinking about.C.it presents the inner mind of Soames in face of his wife's coldness.He can never know what is on his wife's mind because the makeup of his and her mentality is different.His wife Irene, whose mind is romantically inclined, is disgusted with her husband's possessiveness.Being unable to read his wife's mind is as good as saying that he really can't regard her as his property- this is the very reason why he is enraged beyond measure.42.A.T.S.Eliot:“The Love So ng of J.Alfred Pruforck.〞B.The ends of cigarettes,meaning trivial things here.C.Here,Prufrock's inability to do anything against the society he is in is made strikingly clear by using a sharp comparison .Prufrock imagines himself as a kind of insect pinned on the wall and struggling in vain to get free.This image vividly shows Prufrock's current predicament.43.A.Washington Irving:“Rip Van Winkle〞.B.The social environment is changed.C.When Rip is back home after a period of 20 years,he finds thta everything has changed.All those old values are gone,and he can hardly feel at home in a changed society.One of the functions that Rip serves in the story is to provide a measuring stick forchange.It is through him that Irving drives home the theme that a desire for change,improvement,and progress could subvert stable society.44.A.Robert Frost:“The Road Not Taken〞.B.Many many years later.C.The speaker is telling his experience of making the choice of the roads.But he is conscious of the fact that his choice will have made all the difference in his life.He seems to be giving a suggestion to the reader.“Make good choice of your life.〞Ⅲ.Questions and Answers (24 points in all,6 for each)45.A.Buyan's pilgrim's Progress and Spenser's The Faerie Queene.B.It is usually concerned with moral ,religious,political,symbolic or mythical ideas.46.A.The French philosopher,Jean Jacques Rousseau and the German writer Johna Wolfgan von Goethe.B.It is Rousseau who established the cult of the individual and championed the freedom of the human spirit;his famous announcement was “I felt before I thought.〞Goethe and his compatriots extolled the romantic spirit.47.A.To Ahab,the whale is either an evil creature itself or the agent of an evil force that controls the universe,or perhaps both.B.To Ishmale,the whale is an astonishing force,an immense power,which defies rational explanation due to a sense of mystery it carries.It is beautiful,but malignant at the same time.It also represents the tremendous organic vitality of the universe,for it has a life force that surges onward irresistibly, impervious to the desires or wills of men.C.As to the reader, the whale can be viewed as a symbol of the physical limits that life imposes upon man.It may also be regarded as a symbol of nature, or an instrument of God's vengeance upon evil man.In general,the multiplicity and ambivalence of the symbolic meaning of the whale is such that it becomes a source of intense speculation, an object or profound curiosity for the reader.48.A.The Oversoul is believed to be an all-pervading power for goodness,omnipresent and omnipotent from which all things come and of which all are a part.It exists in nature and man alike and constitutes the chief element of the universe.B.According to Emerson,it is a supreme reality of mind, a spiritual unity of all beings, and a religion regarded as an emotional communication between an individual soul and the universal Over-soul of which it is a part.C.He holds that intuition is a more certain way of knowing than reason and that the mind could intuitively perceive the existence of the Oversoul and of certain absolutes.Ⅳ.Topic Discussion (20 points in all, 10 for each)49.a.Neoclassicists upheld that artistic ideals should be order,logic,restrained emoticon and accuracy,and that literature,should be judged in terms of its service to humanity,and thus,literary expressions should be of proportion,unity,harmony and grace.Pope's An Essay on Criticism advocates grace,wit (usually though satire/humour),and simplicity in language(and the poem itself is a demonstration of those ideals,too);Fielding's Tom Jones helped establish the form of novel;Gray's “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard' displays elegance in style,unified structure,serious tone and moral instructions.b.Romanticists tended to see the individual as the very center of all experience,including art,and thus,literary work should be “spontaneous overflow of strong feelings,〞and no matter how fra gmentary those experiences were (Wordsworth's “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud,〞or “The Solitary Reaper,) or Coleridge's “Keble Khan〞),the value of the work lied in the accuracy of presenting those unique feelings and particular attitudes.c.In a word, Neoclassicism emphasized rationality and form but Romanticism attached great importance to the individual's mind (emotion, imagination, temporary experience…)50.A.Mark Twain's novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a Sequa to The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.The Story takes place along the Mississippi River before the Civil War in the United States, around 1850.Along the river, floats a small raft, with two people on it; One is an ignorant,uneducated black slave named Jim and the other is little uneducated outcast white boy about the age of thirteen, called Huckleberry Finn or Huck Finn.The novel relates the story of the escape of Jim from slavery and ,more important, how Huck Finn, floating along with Jim and helping him as best he could, changes his mind ,his prejudice, about Black people, and comes to accept Jim as a man and as a close friends as well.During their journey, they experience a series of adventures:coming across two frauds, the “Duke〞and the “King〞,witnessing the lynching and murder of a harmless drunkard, being lost in a fog and finally Tom's coming to rescue. B.The theme of the novel may be best summed in a word “freedom〞: Huck wants to escape from the bond of civilization andJim wants to escape from the yoke of slavery.Mark Twain uses the raft's journey down the Mississippi River to express his thematic contrasts between innocence and experience, nature and culture, wilderness and civilizati。
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G J B9001B-2009标准内审员培训班考试试题姓名单位分数一、判断题：（每题1分,共20分）1．（√）组织应对外包过程进行评审，批准后予以实施。
2．（√）试验是指按照程序确定一个或多个特性。
3．（√）对于组织来说，决定是否采用质量管理体系是一项战略决策。
4．（√）顾客要求时，外包过程须经顾客同意。
5．（×）对质量管理体系要求的删减，不需征得顾客的同意。
6．（×）按规定不需对文件进行标识。
7．（×）组织应对顾客反馈作出适当安排，并实施改进。
8．（√）最高管理者应确保质量方针与组织的宗旨相适应。
9．（√）产品防护中的“产品”包括：原材料、半成品、外协件、成品。
10．（×）组织不需对顾客提出的质量管理体系的特殊要求作出安排。
11．（√）管理者代表应是能参加质量管理体系决策的最高管理层成员。
12．（√）质量记录控制程序应包含对供方记录的控制要求。
13．（√）顾客的要求、法律法规及组织有效的质量体系文件可以作为内审的依据。
14．（√）设计输出对产品的安全性和正常使用所必需的产品特性应以文件的形式加以规定。
15．（√）产品要求由顾客提出或规定。
16．（√）组织的最高管理者应确保质量管理部门独立行使职权。
17．（√）设计和开发输入应包括工艺要求。
18．（×）过程的监视和测量的范围是产品实现的全过程。
19．（√）组织应确保内部审核员具有相应的能力。
20．（√）设计和开发更改应符合技术状态管理要求。
二、选择题（每题1分，共20分）1．特性可以是（）a. 固有的b. 赋予的c. 定量或定性的√d. 以上都是2．持续改进质量管理体系的目的是增强（）a. 顾客满意的机会b. 组织的有效性和效率c. 相关方满意的机会√d. a+c3．在对产品实现策划时，组织应确定以下方面的适当内容（）a. 产品的质量目标和要求b.产品标准化要求c. 计算机软件工程化管理要求√d. 以上都是4．组织应实施技术状态管理，顾客要求时，（）、（）应征的顾客同意a. 技术状态管理计划b. 技术状态标识C．技术状态基线建立及其更改. √ d. a+c5．组织收集和分析数据的目的（）a. 以证实体系的适宜性和有效性b. 以评价持续改进质量管理体系的有效性c. 以提供与顾客要求符合等方面的信息√d. a+c6．产品要求可以通过（）方式予以确定a. 由顾客提出b. 由组织预测顾客要求和期望予以规定c. 由法规规定√d. a+b+c7．适用时，产品的设计输出包括（）a. 产品规范b. 工艺规程c. 用户资料√d. a+b+c8．GJB9001B-2009对文件的要求说明（）√a. 需要文件的地方可以用不同形式的文件 b. 不需要程序文件的地方就不要文件 c. 需要文件的地方必须编制程序文件 d. 不需要文件的地方不要程序文件9．质量管理包括：（）a. 质量方针、质量目标b. 质量改进、质量策划c. 质量保证、质量控制√d. a＋b＋c10．生产和服务过程的受控条件，适用时包括（）、（）a. 生产和服务过程更改时，需经授权人员审批。
b.获得作业指导书c.获得适宜的原辅材料等√d. a+c11.评价质量管理体系过程时，提出的基本问题可包括（）a.职责是否予以分配b. 过程是否予以识别并适当规定c. 在实现所要求的结果方面，过程是否有效√d. a+b+c12.在GJB9001B-2009标准中（）a. 对统计技术没有要求b. 对统计技术的要求更高了√c. 统计技术可帮助测量、表述、分析过程活动的变化 d. 以上都不是13．顾客满意是指（）a. 顾客对产品质量要求已得到满足b. 顾客对其要求已满足其需求和期望√c. 顾客对其要求已被满足的程度的感受 d. 以上都不是14．由组织的相关方对组织进行的审核是（）a. 第一方审核√b. 第二方审核c. 第三方审核d. 管理评审15．交付后的活动通常可包括（）a. 技术咨询b. 安装和配件供应c. 产品延寿和退役√d.以上都是16．“要求”包括（）a. 明示的要求b. 通常隐含的要求c. 必须履行的要求√d. a+b+c17．质量管理体系评价的方式有（）a. 管理评审b. 内部审核c. 自我评价√d. a+b+c18.质量手册包括的内容（）a. 质量方针和目标b. 程序或对其的引用c. 质量管理体系范围√d.b+c19.阐明要求的文件是（）a. 质量手册b. 质量计划√ c. 规范 d. 形成文件的程序20．确定产品的质量目标和要求时可考虑的内容（）√a. 可靠性、维修性、保障性、测试性、安全性和环境适应性b. 产品使用和退役后的回收或最终处理c. 用于功能实现所需的计算机的选择和开发d. 以上都是三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1.以采购为例说明采购过程的输入、输出和活动的内容。
至少包括的内容:输入：采购要求（依据）、采购信息（采购计划、采购合同等）、资金、人员输出：满足要求的产品活动：按采购要求（依据）、采购信息（采购计划、采购合同等）等要求进行采购的过程。
2．简述“持续改进”可利用的七个活动。
见GJB9001B附录C.93．“以顾客为关注焦点”原则的内涵，请举例说明在GJB9001B-200?标准中的应用（至少举出两个条款）。
见GJB9001B附录B.a；标准:5.2（以顾客为关注焦点），5.3（质量方针），7.2（与顾客有关的过程）等4．简述如何对标准“8.2.4产品的监视和测量”进货过程进行审核？至少包括的内容：包括检验依据、检验或验证记录、检验人员、测试装置等方面的内容。
四、填空题（每题1分，共10分）指出GJB9001B-2009标准中适用于下述情景的某项条款，请将条款填在横线上。
1.“某批外型尺寸不符合要求的产品经重新加工后，检验员正在检查该批产品的外型尺寸是否符合要求”。
适用于这一情景的条款是： 8.32.“某份成品检验记录有两项检验结果无记录，且无检验人员的签字”。
适用于这一情景的条款是： 8.2.43.“某部门正在对用于监视和测量的计算机软件进行确认”。
适用于这一情景的条款是： 7.64.“某企业正在举办表面处理人员操作技能培训班”。
适用于这一情景的条款是： 6.2.25.“内审员到有关部门验证内审时发现的不符合项纠正措施的实施情况”。
适用于这一情景的条款是： 8.2.26．“技术部在讨论新产品的设计开发方案”。
适用于这一情景的条款是： 7.3.17．组织的最高管理者正在主持管理评审。
适用于这一情景的条款是： 5.68.技术人员正在填写设计更改通知单。
适用于这一情景的条款是： 7.3.79.销售部组织进行合同评审。
适用于这一情景的条款是： 7.2.210.文件管理部门对作废文件进行标识。
适用于这一情景的条款是：4.2.3g)五、依据GJB9001B-2009标准判断下列情景题中有不符合项的，应按以下格式从四个方面分别写出答案(1、不符合事实；2、不符合条款；3、不符合内容。
)（每题6分，共30分）1、审核员在包装车间看见工人正在用纸箱包装某产品，审核员查看该产品的包装指导书，指导书上规定应用木箱包装。
车间主任解释说：“上次内审时已经发现了这个问题，还开了一个不符合报告，但是因为木箱的成本比较高，我们使用纸箱包装已经有一段时间了，也没有出现什么问题，所以，我们就没改。
”不符合事实：车间对上次内审时已经发现的未按指导书规定的应用木箱包装的问题至今未采取措施。
不符合条款：8.2.2不符合内容：负责受审区域的管理者应确保及时采取措施，以消除所发现的不合格及其原因。
2、审核员在装配车间喷涂工段看见一位工人用小桶收集喷涂台上的残漆，并将残漆倒入一桶新漆进行混合后，喷涂C1031控制柜面板。
审核员看到喷涂后的C1031控制柜面板表面粗糙不平，工段长解释说：“这种油漆很贵，浪费了很可惜，但新漆和残漆混合后带有一些渣汁，影响喷涂的质量，并且很容易堵塞喷口，我们也不知道该怎么办，我们已经将这个问题反映到技术部了，请他们进行研究后制订一个工艺指导书，但至今也没有给我们一个可行的办法。
”不符合事实：装配车间喷涂工段将残漆和新漆混合后喷涂C1031控制柜面板，但新漆和残漆混合后带有渣汁，造成喷涂后的控制柜面板表面粗糙不平，车间将此问题已反映到技术部，并请技术部研究后制订一个作业指导书，但技术部至今未给出一个可行的办法。
不符合条款：7.5.1b）不符合内容：必要时，获得作业指导书。
3、200X年6月8日审核员在发动机加工中心进行现场审核，发现正在加工的某型号发动机箱体零件镗孔工序所使用的200X年5月10日至200X年6月8日“箱体零件随工记录卡”各栏目均未填写内容，而加工中心提供的工厂“实施批次管理产品零部件明细”则规定该零件应按要求实施批次管理。
不符合事实：审核发现正在加工的某型号发动机箱体零件镗孔工序所使用的200X年5月10日至200X年6月8日“箱体零件随工流程卡”各栏目均未填写内容，而加工中心提供的工厂“实施批次管理产品零部件明细”则规定该零件应按要求实施批次管理。
不符合条款：7.5.3a）不符合内容：实施批次管理的产品，组织应……。
4、在装配车间审核员查某产品A-03工件的200X年7月份第5批的检验记录时发现该批工件有一项指标不符合要求，但该批工件未经任何审理就装配使用了。
审核员要求查看允许此做法的批准记录，检验员说这项不合格的指标不会影响产品的主要性能是可以使用的，没必要经过批准。
不符合事实：某产品A-03工件2003年7月份第5批检验记录表明，有一项指标不符合要求，未经任何审理就装配使用了。
不符合条款：8.3 b)不符合内容：经有关授权人员批准,适用时经顾客批准,让步使用、放行或接受不合格品。
5、200X年X月X日，审核员B在DT研究所导弹设计室审核时，从提供的XX–02防空导弹弹体特性分析报告中了解到该弹体具有关键特性和重要特性，但未能提供其“关键件(特性)、重要件(特性)项目明细表”。
不符合事实：审核发现，未按要求提供XX-02防空导弹产品的“关键件(特性)、重要件(特性)项目明细表”。
不符合条款：7.3.3e)不符合内容：设计和开发输出应编制关键件（特性）、重要件（特性）项目明细表，并在产品设计文件和工艺文件、图样上做相应标识。