英语中并列句的四种类型.

英语中并列句的四种类型

一、联合关系

常用的连词有and( 同，和), when(=and just at this time 就在这时，然后), not only…but (also)…( 不仅……而且…… ), neither…nor… （既不……也不……）等。如：

He helps me and I help him. 他帮我，我帮他。

He not only gave us a lot of advice, but also helped us to study English. 他不仅给我们出很多建议并且还帮助我学英语。

I was just leaving when the telephone rang. 我正要离开，电话铃响了。

注：when 作这种用法时，主要用于

was/were doing sth. when sth./sb. did;

was/were about to do sth. when sth./sb. did;

was/were on the point of doing sth. when sth./sb. did

等句型中，表示“当某人或某物正在或正要做某事，就在这时突然又发生了另一事”。

二、选择关系

常用的连词有or( 或者，否则), otherwise( 否则), or else( 否则), either...or( 不是……就是) 。如：

Hurry up, or (else) you’ll be late. 快点，否则就会迟到了。

Will he still be there or will he have gone away? 你那时还在那里还是可能已经走了？

You must go early, otherwise you will miss the bus. 你好得早点走，否则就赶不上公共汽车了。

Either Tom is coming or his sisters are. 不是汤姆就是她的姐妹们要来。

三、转折关系

常用的连词有but( 但是，可是，只是因为), while( 而、却), yet( 可是) 等。如：

It never rains but it pours. 祸不单行。

I like tea while she likes coffee. 我喜欢喝茶而她喜欢喝咖啡。

She said she would be late, yet she arrived on time. 她说她会迟到，但她却准时到达了。

She looks very young, but she is already in her 30’s. 她看上去很年轻, 可是她已三十多岁了。

此处，还有副词still( 仍然），however( 然而) 也表示转折关系。

He is good-natured; still I don''t like him. 他脾气很好, 可是我还是不喜欢他。

The book is expensive; however, it''s worth it. 这本书很贵；却很值。

注意：but, while 不与although 连用，但yet, still 可与although 连用。

Although she felt ill, she still went to work. 她虽然感觉不舒服，但她仍然去上班。

四、因果关系

常用的连词有for （因为）和so （所以，因此）等。如：

I am thirsty, for it is hot. 我口渴，因为天气太热。

The manager was ill so I went in her place. 经理病了所以我代她去。

注意：so 不与because 连用

复合句用法讲解

复合句

1、概述

复合句(complex sentence)由一个主句(main clause)和一个或一个以上的从句(subordinate clause)构成。主句是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在；从句则只用作句子的一个成分，不能独立。

After the students were all in the chemistry lab, the teacher brought out three bottles.在学生全都进入化学实验室后，老师拿出三个瓶子来。（主句是“the teacher brought out three bottles”，从句是“After the students were all in the chemistry lab”。）

Corn is a very useful plant that can be prepared in many different ways.玉米是一种非常有用的作物，可用许多不同的方法制作成食物。（主句是“Corn is a very useful plant”，从句是“that can be prepared in many different ways”。）

We also believe that many more people will prefer to travel by air.我们还认为会有更多的人愿意乘飞机旅行。（主句是“We also believe”但意义不完整，从句是“that many more people will prefer to travel by air”。）

2、从句的基本概念及其结构

从句不能独立成为一个句子，虽然它也有主语部分和谓语部分。从句通常由关联词引导，并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。从句的结构通常是：关联词+主语+谓语。

When I came home，my wife was cooking dinner. 我回家时，妻子在做晚饭。

He said that he would come. 他说他要来

Did you see the letter that I sent him? 你看到我寄给他的信了吗？

Whether the football game will be played depends on

the weather.足球比赛是否举行将视天气而定。

3、关联词（connective)

引导从句的关联词共有下列5类：

（1）从属连词：that（无词义），before（在…前），whether （是否），after（在…之后），if（假如、是否），since（既然、自从）, because（因为），as/so long as（只要），when （当时…候），so that（结果）

（2）疑问代词：who, which, whom, what, whose等。（3）疑问副词：when, why, where, how

（4）关系代词：who, which, whom, that, whose

（5）关系副词：when, why, where

4、关联词在从句中的功用举例

We can't travel through the forest by road because there