高考英语冲刺：名词和主谓一致
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His family has moved to the south .(他的一家)
His family are watchi ng TV.（他的家人）
Cl ass four is on the third floor.（四班）
Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.（四班的学生）
It is we whoaregoing to the cinema tonight.
如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数形式；如果它指的集体的成员，其谓语动词用复数形式
The police are looking for the lost child.
The cattle are eating grass in the field.
sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species
3
只有复数形式
ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents
4
一些集体名词总是用作复数
people, police, cattle, staff
加-s
Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans
单复数同形
Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese
以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women
Englishmen, Frenchwomen
C.much happiest timeD.a much happier time
③is money.
A.The time B.A timeC.TimeD.Times
抽象名词转换为普通名词可用 来表示“一次、一阵、一种”具体的行为、事件、现象或结
果。这时名词前往往有形容词修饰
①Oh, John. _____you gave me!
其它例子：The gift came as a complete surprise to me.We ha ve had some unpleasant surprise
③It is_____work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it.
A.so unusualB. such unusualC.such an unusualD.so an unusual
customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌),looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟)
7
表示“某国人”
What he said is very important for us all.
由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个 带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
whatIbought were threeEnglishbooks.
II.名词的数
规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es（参看有关语法书）。英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，请看下表
规则
例词
1
改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式
man-men, woman-women,foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice
2
单复数相同
take a walk/a bathmake an advance(进步)/make an early start(早点出发)
/make a decision/make a change/give a cry of pain(发出痛苦的叫声)/give a try
表示知识和时间的抽象名词转换为普通名词时可以用来表示
Lucy and Lily are twins
The writer and artist has come.
Every student and every teach is in the classroom.
Many a boy and many a girl l ikes it.
No boy and no girl likes it.
8
合成名词
将主体名词Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu为复数
sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends
无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数
grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches
将两部分变为复数
women singers, men servants
III.主谓一致
规则
情况
举例
语
法
一
致
原
则
以单数名词或代词动词不定式短语，动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词
用复数形式。
His father is working on the farm.
To studyE nglishwell is not easy.
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
He is one of my friends who are working hard.
He is the (only) one of my friends who is working hard.
在强调句型中应与被强调部分一致
It isIwhoamgoing to the cinema tonight.
Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.
50 percent of the students in our class are girls.
此外，还有a number of +复数名词有类似的用法（用复数），但the number of +复数名词的数就得依number而定（用单数）。
由a lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a heap of/ heaps of/ the rest of/the majority of+名词构成的短语以及由分数或百分数+名词构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。
There are a lot ofpeoplein the classroom.
用，表示某一次短暂的动作
①—I’d like______information about the management of your hotel,please.
—Well, you could have____word with the manager. He might be helpful
A.some,aB.an,someC.some,someD.an,a
A number of students have gone to the farm to help the farmer pick apples.
其中的一部分
①Many people agree that___knowledge of English is a mustin____international trade today.
A.a, /B.the, anC.the, theD. /, the
a knowledge of truth(知道实际情况)
一、名词和主谓一致
I.名词的种类
专有名词
普通名词
国名地名人名，团体机构名称
可数名词
不可数名词
个体名词
集体名词
抽象名词
物质名词
特别注意名词类别的相互转换
个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换
例句
意义
名词性质
①She held someflowersin her hand.
②The trees are now inflower
②He broke aglass.
玻璃
物质名词
玻璃杯
个体名词
①I bought a chicken this morning
②Please help yourself to somechicken
小鸡
个体名词
鸡肉
物质名词
抽象名词与个体名词的转换
具有动作意义的抽象名词加用与某些动词（如：have等）连
Each of us has a new book. Is everyone here today?
Somebody is speaking in class. Everything around us is matter
若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数。若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。
A.How a pleasant surpriseB.How pleasant surprise
C.What a pleasant surpriseD. What pleasant surprise
②She looked upwhen I shouted.
A.in a surprise B.in the surpriseC.in surpriseD.in some surprise
5
部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）
audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party
6
复数形式表示特别含义
give a fuller knowledge of China(提供关于中国更为翔实的知识)
have a knowledge of shorthand(有速记的知识)
②If there were no examination, we should have______at school.
A.the happiest timeB.a more happier time
②They sent usword of the latest happenings.消息（抽象名词）
A.a B.anC./D.the
③Could we haveword before you go to the meeting?话（个体名词）
A.aB.an C./ D.the
类例：have a dream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/a discussion/a look
WhatIsay and do is (are) helpful for you.
由连接词and或both…and连接起来的主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。但若所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物
时，它后面的谓语就用单数形式。由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every或more than a (an)/one,many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。either, neither, each, every或no+单数名词和由some, any no, every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。.
—I should say it wasasuccess.
成功
抽象名词
成功的事
个体名词
物质名词与个体名词的相互转换
例句
意义
名词性质
①Ironis a kind of metal.
②Please lend me youriron.
铁
物质名词
熨斗
个体名词
①He broke a piece ofglass.
花儿
个体名词
开花
抽象名词
①Youthis beautiful.
②He is ayouthof twenty
青春
抽象名词
年轻人
个体名词
①They have achieved remarkablesuccessin their work.
②—How abouttheChristmas evening party?
None of the sugar was left.
None of us has (have) been to America.
在定语从句里，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
Those who want to go please write their names on the blackboard.
His family are watchi ng TV.（他的家人）
Cl ass four is on the third floor.（四班）
Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.（四班的学生）
It is we whoaregoing to the cinema tonight.
如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数形式；如果它指的集体的成员，其谓语动词用复数形式
The police are looking for the lost child.
The cattle are eating grass in the field.
sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species
3
只有复数形式
ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents
4
一些集体名词总是用作复数
people, police, cattle, staff
加-s
Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans
单复数同形
Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese
以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women
Englishmen, Frenchwomen
C.much happiest timeD.a much happier time
③is money.
A.The time B.A timeC.TimeD.Times
抽象名词转换为普通名词可用 来表示“一次、一阵、一种”具体的行为、事件、现象或结
果。这时名词前往往有形容词修饰
①Oh, John. _____you gave me!
其它例子：The gift came as a complete surprise to me.We ha ve had some unpleasant surprise
③It is_____work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it.
A.so unusualB. such unusualC.such an unusualD.so an unusual
customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌),looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟)
7
表示“某国人”
What he said is very important for us all.
由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个 带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
whatIbought were threeEnglishbooks.
II.名词的数
规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es（参看有关语法书）。英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，请看下表
规则
例词
1
改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式
man-men, woman-women,foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice
2
单复数相同
take a walk/a bathmake an advance(进步)/make an early start(早点出发)
/make a decision/make a change/give a cry of pain(发出痛苦的叫声)/give a try
表示知识和时间的抽象名词转换为普通名词时可以用来表示
Lucy and Lily are twins
The writer and artist has come.
Every student and every teach is in the classroom.
Many a boy and many a girl l ikes it.
No boy and no girl likes it.
8
合成名词
将主体名词Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu为复数
sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends
无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数
grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches
将两部分变为复数
women singers, men servants
III.主谓一致
规则
情况
举例
语
法
一
致
原
则
以单数名词或代词动词不定式短语，动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词
用复数形式。
His father is working on the farm.
To studyE nglishwell is not easy.
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
He is one of my friends who are working hard.
He is the (only) one of my friends who is working hard.
在强调句型中应与被强调部分一致
It isIwhoamgoing to the cinema tonight.
Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.
50 percent of the students in our class are girls.
此外，还有a number of +复数名词有类似的用法（用复数），但the number of +复数名词的数就得依number而定（用单数）。
由a lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a heap of/ heaps of/ the rest of/the majority of+名词构成的短语以及由分数或百分数+名词构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。
There are a lot ofpeoplein the classroom.
用，表示某一次短暂的动作
①—I’d like______information about the management of your hotel,please.
—Well, you could have____word with the manager. He might be helpful
A.some,aB.an,someC.some,someD.an,a
A number of students have gone to the farm to help the farmer pick apples.
其中的一部分
①Many people agree that___knowledge of English is a mustin____international trade today.
A.a, /B.the, anC.the, theD. /, the
a knowledge of truth(知道实际情况)
一、名词和主谓一致
I.名词的种类
专有名词
普通名词
国名地名人名，团体机构名称
可数名词
不可数名词
个体名词
集体名词
抽象名词
物质名词
特别注意名词类别的相互转换
个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换
例句
意义
名词性质
①She held someflowersin her hand.
②The trees are now inflower
②He broke aglass.
玻璃
物质名词
玻璃杯
个体名词
①I bought a chicken this morning
②Please help yourself to somechicken
小鸡
个体名词
鸡肉
物质名词
抽象名词与个体名词的转换
具有动作意义的抽象名词加用与某些动词（如：have等）连
Each of us has a new book. Is everyone here today?
Somebody is speaking in class. Everything around us is matter
若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数。若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。
A.How a pleasant surpriseB.How pleasant surprise
C.What a pleasant surpriseD. What pleasant surprise
②She looked upwhen I shouted.
A.in a surprise B.in the surpriseC.in surpriseD.in some surprise
5
部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）
audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party
6
复数形式表示特别含义
give a fuller knowledge of China(提供关于中国更为翔实的知识)
have a knowledge of shorthand(有速记的知识)
②If there were no examination, we should have______at school.
A.the happiest timeB.a more happier time
②They sent usword of the latest happenings.消息（抽象名词）
A.a B.anC./D.the
③Could we haveword before you go to the meeting?话（个体名词）
A.aB.an C./ D.the
类例：have a dream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/a discussion/a look
WhatIsay and do is (are) helpful for you.
由连接词and或both…and连接起来的主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。但若所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物
时，它后面的谓语就用单数形式。由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every或more than a (an)/one,many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。either, neither, each, every或no+单数名词和由some, any no, every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。.
—I should say it wasasuccess.
成功
抽象名词
成功的事
个体名词
物质名词与个体名词的相互转换
例句
意义
名词性质
①Ironis a kind of metal.
②Please lend me youriron.
铁
物质名词
熨斗
个体名词
①He broke a piece ofglass.
花儿
个体名词
开花
抽象名词
①Youthis beautiful.
②He is ayouthof twenty
青春
抽象名词
年轻人
个体名词
①They have achieved remarkablesuccessin their work.
②—How abouttheChristmas evening party?
None of the sugar was left.
None of us has (have) been to America.
在定语从句里，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
Those who want to go please write their names on the blackboard.