牛津上海版英语九年级上册全书语法知识汇总

牛津上海版英语九年级上册全书语法知识汇总

现在完成时

I. 现在完成时的概念。

①表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果

She has been ill for three days. （她病了三天了。）

②表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

We’ve known each other since we were children. （我们从小就认识。）I have been a member of the Party for 10 years. II. 构成：”助动词have, has + 过去分词”

练. 把下面变否定句、一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答。1. I have done my homework.

否定句：_______________________________________ 一般疑问句：___________________________________ 回答：_________________________________________ 2. The plane has arrived.

否定句：_______________________________________ 一般疑问句：___________________________________ 回答：_________________________________________ III. 现在完成时用法归纳

1. (此种用法谓语动词用结束性动词)

如：The plane has arrived. 常用的时间状语和副词：

already (已经) 用于肯定句中，位置比较灵活，但通常放在have/ has 与过去分词之间如：I have already done my homework.

yet (还，仍然，已经) 用于否定句和疑问句的句末。如：Has she finished cooking yet? 他做完饭了吗？

练：I have already done my homework. (变为否定句)_________________________________ ever (曾经)，句中，多用于疑问句

如：Have you ever been to Shanghai?

never (从不) ，本身否定；before (以前)，句尾，独立用；just (刚刚)，用于肯定句中，常用在助动词和过去分词之间。

如：I have just heard the news. 我刚刚听到消息。

2. 完成时可用于表示某时间段里完成的动作，常与today, these days, recently等时间状语连用。如：

Have you seen her these days? 译：______________

Have you been to the library today? 译：____________

Have you read the book recently? 译：______________

3.现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，可能延续到将来的动作和状态。常与表示过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间状语连用。如：

a. for + 一段时间：for two hours

b. since + 时间点：since 1999, since last year

c. since + 一段时间+ ago: since two days ago

d. since + 从句（用过去时）

e. up to now, till now, until now, so far

f. in the past two years, in the last few days

g. recently, lately

如：Miss Zhao has taught math for five years.

His mother has worked in the shop since 1990.

The Greens have lived in London since three years ago.

[注]：其中在a,b,c,d

如：

这本书我已买了一年半了！)

4. 短暂性动词怎样和表示一段时间的状语连用。

英语中的短暂性动词，也叫做终止性动词、瞬间动词或非延续性动词，只表示一时的动作，在肯定句式中不能与表示延续的时间状语连用。常见的短暂性动词有：go, come, leave, find, buy, arrive, give, stop, join, marry, die, begin, start, borrow, close, open, lend等。

eg. I have bought this book for three months. (×)

非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下列三种方法：

（1）将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词。

leave- have (has) been away from close- be closed

join- have (has) been (in) begin/start- be on

buy- have (has) had go- be there

die- have (has) dead finish- be over

come (arrive)- have (has) been here borrow- have (has) kept

begin to work- have (has) worked open- have (has) been open

get up- have (has) been up put on – have (has) on

come back- have (has) been back gone (left)- been away

joined – been got to know – known

（2）时间状语的变化：把表时间的状语―for…‖变为―数词+ 时间名词+ago‖的短语形式。（即：将时间状语改为过去时间，并用一般过去时代替现在完成时）

如：他参军五年了。（判断正误）

He has joined the Army for five years. ( )

He has been in the Army for five years. ( )

He joined the Army five years ago. ( )

他离开济南三年了。

He has left Ji’nan for three years. ( )