罗宾斯管理学第五章练习题及答案

Chapter 5 – Social Responsibility and Managerial EthicsTrue/False QuestionsA MANAGER’S DILEMMA1. Digital Mafia Entertainment is a company that focuses on the legal approach to environmental issues.False (moderate)2. Darien Dash, the founder of Digital Mafia Entertainment, can be described as having an external locus ofcontrol.False (moderate)3. Digital Mafia Entertainment’s focus on social responsibility is best described as social responsiveness.True (moderate)4. The stage of moral development that best describes Darien Dash, the founder of Digital MafiaEntertainment, is conventional.False (moderate)WHAT IS SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY?5. The classical view of organizational social responsibility is that management’s only social respo nsibility isto maximize profits.True (moderate)6. The most outspoken advocate of the classical view of organizational social responsibility is MiltonFriedman.True (easy)7. In the socioeconomic view of organizational social responsibility, maximizing profits is a company'ssecond priority.True (moderate)8. A recent survey found that most business owners would continue socially responsible practices even if theyfound these practices cutting into profits.True (moderate)9. Socially responsible businesses tend to have less secure long-run profits.False (difficult)10. One argument against businesses championing social responsibility issues is that businesses already havetoo much power.True (difficult)11. A business has fulfilled its social obligation when it meets economic, legal, and ethical obligations.False (moderate)12. The difference between an organization's social obligation and social responsiveness is the legal aspect.False (moderate)SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE13. Research has found that corporations' social responsibility is unrelated to future financial performance,False (moderate)VALUES-BASED MANAGEMENT14. Values-based management is an approach to managing in which managers establish, promote, and practicean organization's shared values.True (easy)15. Though the outcomes are not perfectly measured, the majority of research studies show a positiverelationship between corporate social involvement and economic performance.True (easy)16. A company's shared values act as guideposts for managerial decisions and actions.True (moderate)17. Shared corporate values impact many issues, but not the marketing function.False (moderate)18. Values-based management is based on the close link between an organization's decisions and activities andits impact on the natural environment.False (moderate)19. Affluent societies account for more than 95% of the world's energy and resource consumption.False (moderate)THE “GREENING” OF MANAGEMENT20. The market approach to going green is when organizations respond to multiple demands of stakeholders.False (moderate)21. The activist approach to going green is when an organization looks for ways to respect and preserve theearth and its natural resources.True (moderate)22. A shareholder is any constituency in the external environment that is affected by an organization's decisionsand policies.False (easy)23. A union is an example of an organizational stakeholder.True (difficult)24. At stage 3 of an organization's expansion of social responsibility, the manager will promote thestockholders' interest by seeking to minimize costs and maximize profits.False (moderate)MANAGERIAL ETHICS25. Ethics refers to the rules and principles that define right and wrong conduct.True (moderate)26. In the rights view of ethics, decision-makers seek to impose and enforce rules fairly and impartially.False (moderate)27. The integrative social contracts theory proposes that decisions should be made on the basis of empirical andnormative factors.True (difficult)28. Studies have shown that most business people continue to hold utilitarian attitudes toward ethical behavior.True (moderate)29. In the preconventional stage of moral development, individuals make a clear effort to define moralprinciples apart from the authority of the groups to which they belong or society in general.False (moderate)30. People proceed through the six stages of moral development in lockstep fashion.True (moderate)Multiple ChoiceA MANAGER’S DILEMMA31. Which of the following approaches to environmental issues is best represented by Digital MafiaEntertainment?a.legalb.market (moderate)c.stakeholderd.activist32. At which stage of moral development is Darien Dash, the founder of Digital Mafia Entertainment?a.preconventionalb.conventionalc.preprincipledd.principled (moderate)33. Which of the following best represents Digital Mafia Entertainment’s focus on social responsibility?a.social obligationb.social responsiveness (moderate)c.preconventionald.legale.internal34. Which of the following best describes Darien Dash’s locus of control?a.internal (moderate)b.externalc.transparentd.verticale.horizontalWHAT IS SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY?35. Which of the following is associated with the classical view of social responsibility?a. economist Robert Reichb. concern for social welfarec. stockholder financial return (moderate)d. voluntary activitiese. ethical behaviors36. According to Milton Friedman, which of the following is not a potential result of spending anorganization's resources on "social good"?a. redistribution of assetsb. reduced profits and dividendsc. losses by employeesd. lower prices of goods (moderate)e. lower sales37. The socioeconomic view of corporate responsibility suggests that ______________.a. stockholders are the only responsibility.b. corporations are independent entities.c. maximizing profits is the first priority while social responsibility is the second priority.d. corporations are responsible to the state and its citizens. (moderate)e. organizations have an ethical but no legal responsibility to anyone except stockholders.38. In support of the socioeconomic view of corporate social responsibility, ______________ percent ofbusiness owners said they would continue socially responsible practices even if it lowered profits.a. 25b. 45c. 58d. 68 (easy)e. 7439. ______________ is defined as a business firm’s obligation, beyond that required by law and econ omics, topursue long-term goals that are good for society.a.Social obligationb.Social responsibility (moderate)c.Social screeningd.Value-based managemente.Social autonomy40. The belief that long-run profits are the normal result of strong community relations and business image isknown as which argument for social responsibility?a. public imageb. balance of responsibility and powerc. long-run profits (moderate)d. stockholder interestse. possession of resources41. The belief that business should be responsible because such actions are right for their own sake is known aswhich argument for social responsibility?a. public expectationb. ethical obligation (moderate)c. public imaged. discouragement of further government regulatione. balance of responsibility and power42. The belief that businesses that help solve difficult social problems create a desirable community and attractand keep skilled employees is known as which argument for social responsibility?a. ethical obligationb. public imagec. better environment (moderate)d. possession of resourcese. superiority of prevention over cures43. Which argument for social responsibility puts forth the belief that by becoming socially responsiblebusinesses can expect to have less government regulation?a. discouragement of further government regulation (moderate)b. stockholder interestsc. public expectationsd. public imagee. possession of resources44. Which argument for social responsibility puts forth the belief that an imbalance between the large amountof power held by firms and their responsibility is harmful to the public good?a. public expectationb. ethical obligationc. public imaged. discouragement of further government regulatione. balance of responsibility and power (easy)45. The belief that a socially responsible company will be viewed as less risky, and therefore have higher stockvalue, is known as which argument for social responsibility?a. long-run profitsb. balance of responsibility and powerc. stockholder interests (easy)d. possession of resourcese. superiority of prevention over cures46. The belief that businesses have the financial, technical, and managerial resources to support needed publicprojects is known as which argument?a. public expectationsb. ethical obligationsc. public imaged. better environmente. possession of resources (moderate)47. The belief that social problems should be addressed before they reduce a firm's goal of producing goodsand services is known as which argument for social responsibility?a. public expectationsb. long-run profitsc. stockholder interestsd. possession of resourcese. superiority of prevention over cure (moderate)48. The belief that businesses are being socially responsible when they attend only to economic interests isknown as which argument against a firm's being socially responsible?a. dilution of purposeb. violation of profit maximization (easy)c. costsd. too much powere. lack of accountability49. The belief that the pursuit of social goals restricts economic productivity, its primary purpose, and,therefore, may cause society to suffer, is known as which argument against a firm's being socially responsible?a. violation of profit maximizationb. costsc. too much powerd. dilution of purpose (moderate)e. lack of accountability50. The belief that the costs of social activity are passed on as higher prices to consumers is known as whichargument against a firm's being socially responsible?a. violation of profit maximizationb. dilution of purposec. costs (moderate)d. lack of skillse. lack of accountability51. The belief that firms' pursuing social goals would give them too much power is known as what argument inopposition to a firm's being socially responsible?a. costsb. lack of skillsc. lack of broad public supportd. too much power (moderate)e. dilution of purpose52. The belief that business leaders are poorly qualified to address social issues is known as what argumentagainst a firm's being socially responsible?a. dilution of purposeb. too much powerc. lack of accountabilityd. lack of skills (moderate)e. lack of broad public support53. The belief that business leaders should not direct social policy because there is no direct line of socialaccountability to the public is known as what argument against a firm's being socially responsible?a. dilution of purposeb. costsc. too much powerd. lack of broad public supporte. lack of accountability (moderate)54. Which of the following terms refers to when a firm meets its economic and legal responsibilities?a. social responsibilityb. social obligation (moderate)c. social responsivenessd. social dutye. social standard55. The aspect that differentiates social responsibility from other similar concepts is that it ______________.a. adds an ethical imperative. (easy)b. adds a legal imperative.c. adds a moral imperative.d. considers social norms.e. refers to adapting to changing societal conditions.56. When a company does not discriminate in the hiring of minorities, it is meeting its ______________.a. social obligations. (difficult)b. social responsibilities.c. moral obligations.d. ethical obligations.e. fairness obligations.57. When a firm advertises that it only uses recycled paper products, it is ______________.a. meeting its social obligation.b. meeting social responsibilities.c. being socially responsive. (difficult)d. paying attention to the bottom line.e. attempting to defraud consumers.58. Social responsiveness, when compared to social responsibility is seen as ______________.a. more philosophical.b. more intangible.c. action oriented. (moderate)d. unchanging to social norms.e. meeting its minimum requirements.SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE59. One should be cautious in the interpretation, but a summary of more than a dozen studies analyzing therelationship between organizational social responsibility and economic performance provides what conclusion?a.Being socially responsible causes good economic performance.b.Good economic performance allows firms to be socially responsible.c.There is a positive relationship between corporate social involvement and economic performance.(difficult)d.Corporate social involvement tends to devalue stock price in the long run.e.Corporate social involvement tends to result in increased net income but lower stock prices.60. Overall, does the evidence suggest that socially responsible behaviors by organizations lower a firm'seconomic performance?a. Yesb. No (easy)c. There is not enough evidence at this time to know for sure.d. It depends on the activity with which the organization is involved.e. It depends on the industry.61. Applying social criteria to investment decisions is a term used to describe _____________.a.Social obligationb.Social responsibilityc.Social screening (moderate)d.Value-based managemente.Social autonomyVALUES-BASED MANAGEMENT62. ______________ is an approach to managing in which managers establish, promote, and practice what anorganization stands for and believes in.a. Cause-related marketingb. Values-based management (moderate)c. Ethical marketingd. Belief managemente. Value management63. A corporation's ____________ act(s) as guideposts for managerial decisions and actions.a. shared values (moderate)b. team spiritc. marketing effortsd. industry standardse. stakeholders64. Which of the following is not a purpose of shared corporate values?a.They serve as a guidepost for managerial decisions and actions.b.They impact employee behavior.c.They communicate organizational expectations. (moderate)d.They influence marketing efforts.e.They decrease competition between organizations.65. Which of the following is true regarding shared corporate values?a.Individuals adapt easily to shared corporate values.b.Top management dictates shared corporate values.c.It is not easy to establish shared corporate values. (moderate)d.Most corporations will be unable to successfully establish shared corporate values.e.Shared corporate values negatively impact team spirit.66. A survey of Fortune 1000 companies found that ______________ percent believed they needed to becomemore socially responsible to remain competitive.a.50b.70c.85d.90e.95 (moderate)67. Which of the following is not suggested by your text for creating a good corporate values statement?a.Make the statement long enough to include all aspects of corporate values. (difficult)b.Involve everyone in the company.c.Allow customizing of the values by individual departments or units.d.Leave out religious reference.e.Challenge it.THE “GREENING” OF MANAGEMENT68. The recognition of the close link between an organization's decisions and activities and its impact on thenatural environment is referred to as ______________.a.corporate social responsibility.b.social responsiveness.c.shared corporate values.d.greening of management. (moderate)e.stakeholder self-interest.69. Natural resource depletion, global warming, pollution, and toxic wastes are examples of ______________.a.social problems.b.global environmental problems. (easy)c.social responsiveness.petitive strategies.e.shared corporate values.70. Affluent societies account for ______________ of the world's energy and resource consumption.a. over 75% (easy)b. halfc. 20%d. less than 40%e. over 90%71. Which of the following is not an approach organizations can take with respect to environmental issues?a. legalb. marketc. stakeholderd. responsibility (moderate)e. activist72. The ______________ approach to environmental issues is when an organization obeys rules andregulations but exhibits little environmental sensitivity.a. legal (moderate)b. marketc. stakeholderd. responsibilitye. activist73. Which of the following approaches toward environmental issues is a good illustration of social obligation?a.legal approach (moderate)b.market approachc.stakeholder approachd.activist approach74. The ______________ approach to environmental issues is when organizations respond to environmentalpreferences of their customers.a. legalb. market (moderate)c. stakeholderd. responsibilitye. activist75. Which of the following approaches toward environmental issues exhibits the highest degree ofenvironmental sensitivity and is a good illustration of social responsibility?a.legal approachb.market approachc.stakeholder approachd.activist approach (moderate)76. The ______________ approach to environmental issues is when an organization chooses to respond tomultiple demands made by groups in the organization's external environment.a. legalb. marketc. stakeholder (moderate)d. responsibilitye. activist77. Stakeholders, according to the progressive point of view, would include which of the following?a.only ownersb.only stockholdersc.only customersd.only supplierse.any individual or group that is impacted by the organization's decisions and policies (easy)78. According to the model of the expansion of an organization's social responsibility, stage two adds aninterest in ______________.a.stockholders.b.human resource concerns. (difficult)c.safe products.d.fair prices.e.high-quality products.79. According to the model of the expansion of an organization's social responsibility, stage three is noted byan added interest in ______________.a.stockholders.b.human resource concerns.c.owners.d.safe products. (moderate)e.profit maximization.80. According to the model of the expansion of an organization's social responsibility, stage four is noted by anadded interest in ______________.a.stockholders.b.human resource concerns.c.good supplier relations.d.fair prices.e.society as a whole. (moderate)MANAGERIAL ETHICS81. Which of the following is a basic definition of ethics?a. moral guidelines for behaviorb. rules for acknowledging the spirit of the lawc. rules or principles that define right and wrong conduct (moderate)d. principles for legal and moral developmente. There is no way to define ethics.82. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text as one of the four perspectives on business ethics?a.utilitarian viewb.principled view (difficult)c.rights viewd.theory of justice viewe.integrative social contracts theory83. The utilitarian view of ethics is based on which of the following?a. decisions based on their outcomes or consequences (moderate)b. respect and protection of individual liberties and freedomsc. the imposition and enforcement of fair and impartial rulesd. the existing ethical norms in industries and corporationse. the process used to determine the distribution of resources84. Which of the following encourages efficiency and productivity and is consistent with the goal of profitmaximization?a.utilitarian view (moderate)b.principled viewc.rights viewd.theory of justice viewe.integrative social contracts theory85. The rights view of ethics is based on which of the following?a. decisions based on their outcomes or consequencesb. the imposition and enforcement of fair and impartial rulesc. respect and protection of individual liberties and freedoms (moderate)d. the process used to determine the distribution of resourcese. the existing ethical norms in industries and corporations86. The theory of justice view of ethics is based on which of the following?a. the process used to determine the distribution of resourcesb. the existing ethical norms in industries and corporationsc. decisions based on their outcomes or consequencesd. the imposition and enforcement of fair and impartial rules (difficult)e. respect and protection of individual liberties and freedoms87. The integrative social contracts theory of ethics is based on which of the following?a. the process used to determine the distribution of resourcesb. decisions based on their outcomes or consequencesc. the imposition and enforcement of fair and impartial rulesd. the existing ethical norms in industries and corporations (difficult)e. respect and protection of individual liberties and freedoms88. Studies have shown that most business people tend to hold which attitude toward ethical behavior?a. the utilitarian view (moderate)b. the rights viewc. the theory of justice viewd. the integrative social contract theory viewe. No single view is dominant among business people.89. In the ____________ level of moral development, individuals respond to notions of right or wrong whenthere are personal consequences involved.a. preconventional (easy)b. conventionalc. principledd. arrivale. ethical90. Reasoning at the ______________ level of moral development indicates that moral values reside inmaintaining the conventional order and the expectations of others.a. preconventionalb. conventional (easy)c. principledd. arrivale. ethical91. At the ______________ level of moral development, individuals make a clear effort to define moralprinciples apart from the authority of the groups to which they belong or society in general.a. preconventionalb. conventionalc. principled (easy)d. arrivale. ethical92. A personality measure of a person's convictions is ______________.a.moral development.b.ego strength. (moderate)c.locus of control.d.social desirability.e.self-image.93. ______________ is a personality attribute that measures the degree to which people believe they controltheir own fate.a.Ego strengthb.Locus of control (easy)c.Social responsibilityd.Social obligatione.Social autonomy94.. A manager who believes that "she worked hard and met the productivity goals despite bad weather," isdisplaying what individual characteristic?a.strong self-imageb.high moral developmentc.low impression managementd.internal locus of control (moderate)e.low social desirability95. Research continues to show that the strongest single influence on an individual's own ethical or unethicalbehavior is ______________.a.peer pressure.b.rules.c.behavior of superiors. (moderate)d. a code of ethics.e.religion.96. Which of the following organizational structural characteristics would most likely result in managerialethical behavior?a.few job descriptionsb.formal rules (moderate)c.mixed messages from authority figuresd.performance appraisal systems focused on outcomese.bonuses based on achievement of quotas97. Which of the following is true concerning the impact of organizational culture on ethical behavior?a.Low conflict tolerance leads to ethical behavior.b. A strong culture will support high ethical standards. (moderate)c.Conflict tolerance is related to unethical behavior.d. A culture that is high in control tends to encourage unethical behavior.e.None of the above is true.98. Issue intensity, as an issue that affects ethical behavior, is described as which of the following?a.The characteristics of the ethical issue itself. (difficult)b.The level of control and influence one has over the event.c.The cultural strength of the organization.d.The organizational structure.e.None of the above99. Which of the following is not one of the six characteristics that are relevant in determining issue intensity?a.How great a harm (or benefit) is done to victims (or beneficiaries) of the ethical act in question?b.What is the probability that your act will be discovered? (moderate)c.How much consensus is there that the act is evil (or good)?d.What is the length of time between the act in question and its expected consequences?e.How large is the concentrated effect of the ethical act on the people involved?100. The 1977 Foreign Corrupt Practices Acta.makes it illegal for U.S. firms to make any cash payment for deferential treatment in a foreigntransaction.b.makes it illegal for U.S. firms to make any payment over 5% of total cost toward administrativeoverhead in foreign transactions.c.makes it illegal for U.S. firms to knowingly corrupt a foreign official. (difficult)d.makes it illegal for U.S. firms to make any payment to foreign clerical or ministerial employees inexchange for service.e.was repealed in 1992.101. Which of the following is not a way for management to reduce unethical behavior?a.Select individuals with high ethical standards.b.Establish codes of conduct.c.Provide ethics training.d.Monitor employee telephone calls. (moderate)e.Lead by example.102. A _____________ is a formal statement of an organization’s primary values and the ethical rules it expects its employees to follow.a.mission statementb.statement of purposec.code of ethics (moderate)d.vision statement103. Nearly ______________ percent of Fortune 500 companies have a code of ethics.a. 65b. 75c. 85d. 95 (easy)e. 105104. A survey of various codes of ethics found that their content tended to fall into all of the following categories EXCEPT:a.be a dependable and organizational citizen.b.do not do anything unlawful or improper that will harm the organization.c.consider profit maximization to be the primary focus of the company. (moderate)d.be good to customers.105. It is estimated that ______________ percent of companies provide some ethics training.a. over 40 (easy)b. over 50c. 75d. roughly 80e. 90ScenariosWHAT IS SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY?What Wood You Do? (Scenario)Imagine that you are the head of a company that manufactures secondary wood products for the construction industry. Recently, there have been many reports of a plywood subflooring product that has been failing in a number of commercial locations resulting in several complaints about ruined floor coverings and, in one instance, partial collapse of a third floor, which injured three people. Your head of research and development has asked to stop selling the product and wants to run tests on the product to determine the problem. However, third-quarter earnings reports are due out in two weeks, and public knowledge of problems with a lucrative product may delay the financing of the company's expansion plans and lower stock price. Your dilemma: Do you delay or refuse the product research, thereby enhancing the expansion plans but risking other damage and public safety, or, do you immediately stop sales of the product and run the necessary tests, thereby risking the expansion plans?106. If you (as head of the company) made your decision based on what was best for the stockholders, you would be operating with the ______________ view of social responsibility.a. neoclassicalb. classical (moderate)c. conservatived. socioeconomice. contemporary107. Friedman would argue that if you decided to make any decision other than what is in the best interest of the stockholders, which of the following is likely to occur?a. increased financial return to stockholdersb. increased profits and dividendsc. increased employee wages and benefitsd. increased consumer prices (moderate)e. increased sales108. If you decided to stop sales and investigate the product, because you felt you had an obligation to society as well as stockholders, you would be operating under which view of social responsibility?a. neoclassicalb. classicalc. socioeconomic (moderate)d. conservativee. contemporary109. Which view of social responsibility suggests that your decision should be based first on what will enable your wood products company long-term survival, and, only secondly, profit maximization?a. neoclassicalb. classicalc. socioeconomic (moderate)d. conservativee. contemporary。