江西师范大学历年考研专业课真题_中外音乐史2011--2013
江西师范大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题a
江西师范大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题（A卷）
专业：学科教学（美术）科目：中外美术史
注：考生答题时，请写在考点下发的答题纸上。
写在本试题纸或其他答题纸上的一律无效。
（本试卷满分为150分，开始时间为180分钟，本试题共 1 页）
一、名词解释题（共5小题，每小题6分，共30分）
1.正面律
2.巴比松画派
3.新古典主义
4.画像石
5.吴门画派
二、简答题（5小题，每小题10分，共50分）
1.请简述古希腊瓶画的三种风格。
2.请陈述卡拉瓦乔在艺术创作上的特色。
3.请简述样式主义的兴起及其艺术特色。
4.请比较吴道子和顾凯之在画风上的区别。
5.请列举宋代宫廷画家中的代表及其作品。
（举出至少2个画家，不少于4幅作品）
三、论述题（2小题，每小题20分。
共40分）
1.请谈谈对达达主义和超现实主义的理解。
2.请论述扬州八怪的代表画家及其代表作品，分析该派的艺术特色。
四、思考题（1小题，共30分）
简述董其昌南北宗论的内容及其含义，分析董其昌的书画实践和理论对明以后中国画发展所产生的影响。
2010-2013年江西师范大学827真题
江西师范大学2010年硕士研究生入学考试试题（ A 卷）专业：学科教学（英语）科目：英语综合注：考生答题时，请写在考点下发的答题纸上，写在本试题纸或其他答题纸上的一律无效。
Ⅰ.Vocabulary: (20 points, 1 X 1)Directions: Choose the best word which has the closest meaning to the underli -ned word in the sentence.1.Hauchecome’s death was bought about by ________.A) remorse B) accusation C) rheumatism D) frustration2.Jack _______ crimson with embarrassment when his girl friend saw his dirty socks under the sheet.A) disputed B) fumbled C) flushed D) stopped3.The boy had a _______ expression because of silly mistakes he had made.A) rustic B) shamefaced C) incredulous D) desperate4.The poem handles the problem of instinct _______ intellect in man.A) versus B) positive C) implement D) academic5.The government _______ its policy of helping the unemployed.A) implemented B) enriched C) enrolled D) plagued6.Obviously, the Chairman’s marks at the conference were _______ and not planned.A) substantial B) spontaneous C) simultaneous D) synthetic7.Reporters and photographers alike took great _______ at the rude way the actor behaved during the interview.A) annoyance B) offence C) resentment D) irritation8.These continual _______ in temperature make it impossible to decide what to wear.A) transitions B) transformations C) exchanges D) fluctuations9.Susan has _______ the elbows of her son’s jacket with leather patches to make it more durable.A) reinforecd B) sustained C) steadied D) confirmed10.Although we tried to concentrate on the lecture, we were _______ by the noise from the next room.A) distracted B) displaced C) dispersed D) discarded11.The reason why so many children like to eat this new brand of biscuit is t-hat it is particularly sweet and _______.A) fragile B) feeble C) brisk D) crisp12.There is supposed to be a safety _______ which makes it impossible for trains to collide.A) appliance B) accessory C) machine D) mechanism13.For years now, the people of that faraway country have been cruelly _____ by a dictator.A) depressed B) immersed C) oppressed D) cursed14.Ever since the rise of industrialism, education has been _______ towards producing workers.A) harnessed B) hatched C) motivated D) geared15.He developed a _______ attitude after years of frustration in his career.A) sneaking B) disgusted C) drastic D) cynical16.They believed that this was not the _______ of their campaign for equality but merely the beginning.A) climax B) summit C) pitch D) maximum17.Several guests were waiting in the _______ for the front door to open.A) porch B) vent C) inlet D) entry18.As the mountains were covered with a _______ of cloud, we couldn’t see their tops.A) coating B) film C) veil D) shade19.We couldn’t really afford to buy a house so we got it on hire purchase and paid monthly _______.A) investments B) requirements C) arrangements D) installments20.The magician made us think he cut the girl into pieces but it was merely an _______.A) illusion B) impression C) image D) illumⅡ.Reading Comprehension: (40 points, 1 X 2)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by so me questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked a, b, c, and d. You should decide on the best choice and write the an swer on the Answer Sheet.TEXT 1Pygmies are the earliest-known inhabitants of central Africa. They lived in t he Congo basin long before other groups migrated there--their presence confirm ed in ancient Egyptian records. They are gentle, peaceful people who conceal t he-mselves well in the rainforest. They have in recent times had to share with immigrant farmers. Pygmies do not farm, but trade meat, honey and other for -est products for knives, metal tools ,rice, corn and bananas. They are lighter skinned than some of their neighbors and different in stature. Adults are 1.2 to 1.5m tall.The Efe group of Pygmies of the Ituri forest in eastern Congo is one of the last to retain its original culture. The Efes, whose existence is threatened by l -ogging and farming in the forests in which they hunt, are among the Burundi group of Pygmies who live in north-eastern Congo.In Cameroon, there is a population of 35,000 Baka Pygmies,but this number is uncertain because of the group’s semi-nornadic lifestyle in wandering the ra -inforest in search of game and other foods. During the three-month rainy seas -on, when food is plentiful, the Baka leave their permanent villages to roam th e forest, rarely staying in one place more than a week.Men contract marriages during this crucial season; they prove their hunting a -bility by the game they bring home to the parents of a future wife.Men from farming tribes sometimes marry Pygmy women, although there is a ban again -st Pygmy men marrying women from farming tribes.Within the Baka culture, hunting elephant is one of the most important activ -ities,not only for food but for the symbolic meanings and prestige traditionally attached to it. Elephant hunting is linked to other cultural activities, including men’s initiation and women’s ritual songs.Hunting is performed with poisoned arrows, bows, crossbows, spears and traps. The Baka are interested in the out -side world while maintaining their identity and independence. And though they are attracted by much of what the outside world offers, they have always had access to the forest,a world that is completely their own.Their culture is robust enough to survive as long as the forest remains. Without it this culture will be meaningless.21.The fact that Pygmies are the earliest Central African inhabitants has been ______.A)established B)made C)discovered D)explored22.Pygmies are gentle and peaceful people who in stature is ________.A)unusually big C)normally smallB)normally big D)quite normal23.________fails to denote the name of a country.A)the Congo B)Ituri C)Burundi D)Cameroon24.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A)A Baka Pygmy marriage takes place in the rainforestB)Of all Pygmies, the Efe group is the last group keeping its primitive cultureC)Pygmy men are forbidden to marry women from farming tribesD)Pygmy women are not forbidden to marry men from farming tribes25.Robust as Pygmy culture is, it can according to the text, by all means surv -ive ________.A)to the end of this centuryB)the next centuryC)the culture of farming tribes long in the outside worldD)as long as there is the rainforestTEXT 2The use of chemicals in almost all areas of life has become a commonplace phenmoenon. There is growing evidence ,however, that chemicals in the envir -onment, including pesticides, may contribute to some illnesses. While studies are still being conducted preliminary conclusions point to the verdict that such chemicals are indeed negatively impacting those humans to whom they are exp -osed.Children are especially vulnerable to toxic substancs. Pound for pound, they eat, drink and breathe more than adults,all of which expose them more heavily to those chemicals to which most individuals encounter on a daily basis. Fur-theremore, their bodies are still in developing stages, exacerbating the negative effects of those chemicals which negatively impact them.Of 50 types of pesticieds commonly used in American schools a study cond -ucted by the National Coalition Against the Misuse of Pesticides found thatmany caused negative reactions in laboratory animals. Such negative effects inc -luded kidney and liver damage, cancer, and neurological and reproductive prob -lems.These implications of these findings are far-reaching, Given the variety of ha -rmful effects attributed to those pesticides tested, one must pause and consider whether it is wise to continue their use in the nation’s schools,where children will be constantly exposed to them. Activists have lobbied for the elimination of such use with a degree of success, and recent findings, if supported by fur -ther analysis and confirmation, may help further the cause. A long term soluti on or alternative, however, remains elusive.In the short run, however, there may be some measures that can be taken to mitigate the harmful effects of dangerous pesticides. The American Medical Association’s Council on Scientific Affairs concluded in a 1997 report that giv-en the “particular uncertaint regarding the long-term health effects of low-dose pesticide exposures.”It is “prudent”for adults and children to limit their expos -ure and to “consider the use of the least toxic chemical pesticides or non-che-mical alternatives”.26.The citing of dangerous effects of pesticides on laboratory animals in paragr -aph 3 is used to suggest that _______.A)scientists are also concentrated with effects of pesticides on animalsB)cancer is the worst effect of the pesticidesC)most or all of the dangerous effects of pesticides are now knownD)the chemicals may also cause these effects in humans27.Children are more likely than adults to suffer the negative effects of pestici-des because ________.A)children absorb more pesticides than adults, proportionallyB)pesticides are used more in areas with childrenC)the pesticides used in schools are more dangerous than other pesticidesD)adults know more about pesticides than children28.The main point of this text is that _________.A)pesticides are dangerous and their uses need to be reevaluatedB)children suffer most from the effects of pesticidesC)schools are most responsible for pesticide-relate illnessesD)pesticides should be eliminates everywhere29.The author mentions the exaggerated effects of chemicals on children in par -agraph 2 to _____.A)prove that pesticides are dangerous to all humansB)show that children are more susceptible to many kinds of dangersC)suggest a solution to the problem of pesticidesD)identify one group that pesticides hurt in particular30.The author cites the American Medical Association’s advice in paragraph 4 in order to ________.A)present more factual details to clarify the issueB)present an alternative theory for considerationC)present a recommendation from a reputable sourceD)Present a solution drawn from all the evidence consideredTEXT 3It came as something of a surprise when Diana, Princess of Wales, made a trip to Angola in 1997,to support the Red Cross’s campaign for a total ban on all anti-personnel landmines. Within hours of arriving in Angola, television scre -ens around the world were filled with images of her comforting victims injure -d in explosions caused by landmines.”I knew the statistics”,she said,”But putti-ng a face to those figures brought the reality home to me; like when I met Sandra, a 13-year-old girl who had lost her leg, and people like her.”The Princess concluded with a simple message:”We must stop landmines”. And she used every opportunity during her visit to repeat this message. But, back in London, her views were not shared by some members of the British government,which refused to support a ban on these weapons. Angry politicians launched an attack on the princess in the press. They described her as”very ill -informed”and a “loose cannon”. The princess responed by brushing aside the Criticisms:”This is a distraction we do not need. All I’m trying to do is help”. Opposition parties, the media and public immediately voiced their support for Princess. To make matters worse for the government, it soon emerged that the Princess’s trip had been approved by the Foreign Office, and that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British go-vernment ‘s policy regarding landmines.The result was a severe embarrassment for the government. To try and limit the damage, the Foreign Secretary,Malcolm Rifkin, claimed taht the Princess’s views on landmines were not very different from government policy, and that it was “working towards”a worldwide ban. The Defense Secretary , Michael Portilo, claimed the matter was “a misinterpretation or misunderstanding.”For the Princess,the trip to this war-torn country was an excellent opportunity to use her popularity to show the world how much destruction and suffering lan -dmines can cause. She said that the experience had also given her the chance to get colser to people and their problems.31.Princess Diana paid a visit to Angola in 1997_______.A)to clarify the British government’s stand on landminesB)to establish her image as a friend of landmine victimsC)to investigate the sufferings of landmine victims thereD)to voice her support for a total ban of landmines32.What did Diana mean when she said “putting a face to those figures broug-ht the reality home to me”(Line 5, Para,1)?A)Meeting the landmine victims in person made her believe the statisticsB)She just couldn’t bear to meet the landmine victims face to faceC)The actual situation in Angola made her feel like going back homeD)Seeing the pain of the victims made she realized the seriousness of the situa -tion33.Some members of the British government criticized Diana because ______.A)she had not consulted the government before the visitB)she was ill-informed of the government’s policyC)they were actually opposed to banning landminesD)they believed that she had misinterpreted the situation in Angola34.How did Diana respond to the criticisms?A)She made more appearances on TVB)She paid no attention to themC)She rose to argue with her opponentsD)She met the 13-year-old girl as planned35.What did Princess Diana think of her visit to Angola?A)It had caused embarrassment to the British governmentB)It had greatly promoted her popularityC)It had brought her closer to the ordinary peopleD)It had affected her relations with the British governmentTEXT 4“History is written by the victors.”This famous phrase reverberates througho -ut the halls of history, constantly reminding us to take all that we learn with a grain of salt, knowing that the information provided for our dissemination was provided, shaped and influenced by this left to hold the pen that recorded it. In that respect, one of the worst crimes against history is the revision ofit, the altering of the record of the past so as to reflect the viewpoint of a biased group who stand to benefit from the altered version.By revising the lens by which history is judged, valuable information is lost, to the detriment of both students of the filed as well as the awareness that co-mes from experience. Without an accurately recorded account to serve as guidi -ng light, nations and societies are left to stumble their way about their affairs, ignorant of what has and hasn’t worked before, and unaware of what past ev -ents shaped and determined their present situation. Such dismal situations emer -ge from simple pride, as well as the desire of the revisionists to depict thems -elves in a better light to posterity or to cover up an embarrassing legacy, no matter the cost to the future.Recent attempts by nations involved in the second World War to minimize or erase altogether certain shameful incidents from their history textbook has been met with international outrage and protest, and rightly so. By allowing fu -ture generations to forget or never even learn about how their ancestors stumb -led on the path to progress, the experiences of those who suffered as a result of those mistakes are trivialized and made to be in its information. Both are heinous results for both nationals of that particular nation as well as those of the international community,whose stories intertwine to form the large picture.When a single string in the tapestry of world history is unraveled by revisio -n, the entire piece becomes a weaker one, subject to additional modification at the whim of those who would like to use history as a tool for their own purposes, even if it means fundamentally changing it. This outcome must be avoided at all costs, firstly by not allowing a precedent to be established that makes it acceptable, even in a single case, to commit the revision. Otherwise, humans as a race will fall prey to yet another oft-quoted phrase:”History, if fo -rgotten, is doomed to be repeated.”36.The first line of the text implies that _______.A)historical accounts are invariably colored by the views and stances of those who emerged victoriousB)those who have the power to do so will often influence recording of events to favor themselvesC)those who are defeated have little or no say in the documentation of their st ruggle, resulting in a biased account.D)the winners in a struggle have the moral obligation to accurately record eve-nts37.The author views the revision of history as _______.A)indisputably negative in all situationsB)generally harmful when done so to favor one side’s stanceC)always motivated by the desire to portray the reviser in a better lightD)Rendering the revised history useless for the purposeof analysis and learning38.In paragraph3, the author argues against historical revision with the assertion that ________.A)revision of World WarⅡevents has proven that such actions have a negative impactB)such revision results in an undeserved sense of national prideC)revising history has far-reaching effects beyond the borders of any one count -ryD)history is one of the primary concerns dealt with in the education system and should thus be pure39.In paragraph 4,”When a single string in a tapestry of world history is unra -veled by revision, the entire piece becomes a weaker one”means that ______.A).history is an intertwined series of events coming together to form a large pictureB)a loss of reliability in any single segment of history makes the entire histori -cal record suspectC)once one piece of history is revised, others soon followD)as soon as the integrity of the historical record is breached, it can never be fully recovered.40.The main point of text is that ________.A)revising history must be avoided in all situations at all costsB)the revision of history leads to a flawed perception resulting in loss of vital lessonsC)is revision of history goes on, the meaning behind the revised events will lo -se meaningD)historical revision is an international problem affecting all nations and people Ⅲ.Cloze (20 points, 1 X 2)When people __41__ to improve their breathing their initial thought is invar-iably to suck in the maximum possible draught of air __42__ you can’t pour wine into a full bottle. __43__you can’t fill the lungs with fresh air __44__ you’ve first drained them of every drop of stale air,__45__at the best of times only a sixth of the air in the lungs gets __46__with each fresh breath we take. If we breathe shallowly, or fail to clear the lunges of devitalized air, this poor rate of turnover declines __47__further.__48__always start your deep breathing exercises __49__collapsing the lungs as fully as possible. While you breatheout,imagine that you’re a hot air balloon collapsing slowly to the ground. This has a relaxing effect, particularly __50__ you quietly intone the world relax…relax…relax as you exhale.41.A)set forth B)set off C)set down D)set out42.A)But B)And C)Therefore D)Often43.A)At the same time B)In the same way C)More often than not D)Even if44.A)if B)unless C)after D)before45.A)Even B)Especially C)When D)Where46.A)changed B)changing C)to change D)change47.A)still B)more C)less D)farther48.A)Moreover B)So C)Yet D)Besides49.A)when B)in C)by D)on50.A)before B)even if C)if D)just beforeⅣ.Translation(40 points)Part A. Translate the following passage into English (20 points)依照中华人民共和国妇女权益保障法的规定，妇女在政治、文化、社会和家庭生活等方面享有与难自己平等的权利。
江西师大2012年硕士生入学考试初试科目考试大纲(735中外音乐史)
江西师范大学硕士研究生入学考试初试科目考试大纲(2011年)科目代码、名称: 735中外音乐史适用专业: 130200音乐与舞蹈学（01——14方向）一、考试形式与试卷结构（一）试卷满分及考试时间本试卷满分为 150分（中国音乐史75分、西方音乐史75分），考试时间为 180 分钟。
（二）答题方式答题方式为闭卷、笔试。
试卷由试题和答题纸组成；答案必须写在答题纸相应的位置上。
（三）试卷题型结构（以一门课程及分数为例）1、名词解释：共5题，每题8分，共40分2、简答题：共1题，每题10分，共10分3、论述题：共1题，每题25分，共25分二、考查目标（复习要求）全日制硕士学位研究生入学考试科目《中外音乐史》（中国音乐史部分）涵盖了古代与近现代两个历史阶段，包括远古时期至1949年的音乐历史沿革。
本科目要求考生在了解中国音乐史的学科性质与历史分期的基础上，掌握各历史阶段的音乐史实，归纳各历史时期的音乐发展特点，并分析音乐在各个时期的历史地位及意义。
全日制硕士学位研究生入学考试科目《中外音乐史》（西方音乐史部分），要求考生对本科阶段已学过的此门课的基本内容有较为清楚的掌握。
它包括：重要的基本概念；音乐体裁；各不同时期音乐发展的一般状况及作为整个时期音乐创作的风格特点和取得的艺术成就（如巴洛克时期、古典主义时期等）；各不同时期作曲家创作的艺术特点及成就；对作曲家的代表性音乐作品的理解等主要方面。
为便于考生的复习，特规定以下考生所需复习重点的具体要求和纲要：三、考查范围或考试内容概要（一）中国古代音乐史1.远古夏商的音乐（1）音乐起源诸说（2）古乐器（3）古歌（4）古乐舞（5）乐人2.周朝的音乐（1）礼乐制度（2）宫廷音乐机构与乐官（3）乐器与乐曲（4）乐舞（5）乐律学理论与实践（6）诗歌集（7）说唱音乐（8）民间音乐家（9）音乐思想与理论3.秦汉三国两晋南北朝的音乐（1）音乐机构（2）民间音乐（3）宫廷音乐及其与民间音乐的关系（4）乐器与乐曲（5）音乐文化交流（6）宗教音乐（7）记谱法（8）乐律学理论与实践（9）音乐思想与理论4.隋唐五代的音乐（1）宫廷音乐及音乐机构（2）民间音乐（3）乐器与乐曲（4）着名音乐家（5）记谱法（6）乐律学理论与实践（7）音乐文化交流（8）音乐思想与理论5.宋元辽金的音乐（1）歌曲艺术（2）说唱音乐（3）戏曲音乐（4）乐器与乐曲（5）音乐机构（6）着名音乐家（7）乐谱集（8）记谱法（9）乐律学理论与实践（10）音乐思想与理论6.明清的音乐（1）戏曲音乐（2）说唱音乐（3）民歌与民间歌舞（4）乐器与乐曲（5）宫廷音乐（6）乐谱集与记谱法（7）乐律学理论与实践（8）音乐文化交流（9）着名音乐家（10）音乐思想与理论（二）中国近现代音乐史1.传统音乐的新发展（1）民歌与民间歌舞（2）说唱音乐（3）戏曲音乐（4）民族器乐（5）民间社团（6）民间艺人2.西洋音乐的传入与学堂乐歌（1）西洋音乐的传播（2）学堂乐歌的产生、发展、代表人物及作品（3）历史地位及意义3.近代新音乐文化的初期建设（1）音乐创作及代表人物（2）音乐教育及代表人物（3）音乐思想、理论及代表人物（4）国乐改革及代表人物（5）音乐社团（6）历史地位及意义4.工农革命音乐与根据地音乐（1）音乐创作及代表人物（2）音乐思想、理论及代表人物（3）历史地位及意义5.抗日救亡时期的音乐（1）音乐创作及代表人物（2）音乐教育及代表人物（3）音乐思想、理论及代表人物（4）音乐社团与音乐机构（5）国乐改革及代表人物（6）左翼音乐活动（7）抗日救亡歌咏运动（8）历史地位及意义6.沦陷区的音乐（1）音乐创作及代表人物（2）音乐思想、理论及代表人物（3）沦陷区的音乐教育（4）沦陷区的音乐活动（5）历史地位及意义7.国统区的音乐（1）音乐创作及代表人物（2）音乐思想、理论及代表人物（3）国统区的音乐教育（4）国统区的音乐活动（5）历史地位及意义8.解放区的音乐（1）音乐创作及代表人物（2）音乐思想、理论及代表人物（3）新秧歌运动与秧歌剧（4）新歌剧的创作（5）解放区的音乐教育（6）解放区的音乐活动（7）历史地位及意义（三）西方音乐史1、古希腊、罗马音乐（1）古希腊、罗马时期音乐发展的时间跨度及音乐发展的一般概况。
2013年江西师范大学艺术基础(专业硕士)考研真题
2013年江西师范大学336艺术基础（专业硕士）考研真题(总分：150.00，做题时间：180分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：20，分数：60.00)1.音乐的（）材料主要有嗓音和器乐两个来源。
（分数：3.00）A.形式B.声音√C.结构D.曲式解析：音乐的声音材料主要有两个来源：① 第一种来自于人类的天然器官—嗓音，即人声的歌唱。
人的歌唱有很丰富的音色变化，如男声、女声、童声。
同一种声音类型依据音域，还可以划分为高、中、低音。
② 另一种声音材料来自于器乐，即人创造的器物发出的乐声。
器乐更加丰富多样，不同民族和地区有不同的乐器，另外计算机、电子合成器以及新的录音、放音技术的问世，为音乐的未来发展提供了难以估测的广阔空间。
2.五线谱是公元11世纪初由（）音乐理论家季多所发明。
（分数：3.00）A.德国B.意大利√C.法国D.英国解析：五线谱是在十一世纪时，由意大利的音乐理论家归多·达·累佐最先发明和试用的。
他当时创造的是为纪录《圣歌》而使用的四线谱，因为四条线只能记录八个音左右，而《圣歌》的音域一般都只有八度左右，并且完全是用男声(男声音)来演唱的，所以当时的四线谱中各音的音高相当于现在的次中音谱表。
3.中国传统音乐大致可以分为宫廷音乐、（）、宗教音乐和民间音乐四大类型。
（分数：3.00）A.山林音乐B.乡村音乐√C.文人音乐D.社会音乐解析：中国传统音乐通常是指在清代就已经基本成型的音乐。
大致可以分为宫廷音乐、文人音乐、宗教音乐和民间音乐四大类别。
其中，文人音乐包括古琴和词调音乐。
古琴又名七弦琴，居古代文人“琴棋书画”四大修养之首，古琴音乐集中体现了文人的审美追求、中国道家崇尚的“大音希声”“物我同一”“情景相即”的至高境界；词调音乐是宋代以来文人间彼此唱和的一种重要形式，但现在留存下来的绝大部分仅有词而无乐。
4.民歌《北京的金山上》是一首（）。
（分数：3.00）A.蒙古族的长调B.藏族的箭歌√C.朝鲜族的抒情谣D.苗族的飞歌解析：箭歌，多流行于西藏东南部，是猎手夸耀箭术时所唱的。
2013年江西师范大学336艺术基础[专业硕士]考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
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2013年江西师范大学336艺术基础[专业硕士]考研真题及详解一、单项选择题（每题3分，20题，共60分）1．音乐的（）材料主要有嗓音和器乐两个来源。
A．形式B．声音C．结构D．曲式【答案】B【解析】音乐的声音材料主要有两个来源：①第一种来自于人类的天然器官—嗓音，即人声的歌唱。
人的歌唱有很丰富的音色变化，如男声、女声、童声。
同一种声音类型依据音域，还可以划分为高、中、低音。
②另一种声音材料来自于器乐，即人创造的器物发出的乐声。
器乐更加丰富多样，不同民族和地区有不同的乐器，另外计算机、电子合成器以及新的录音、放音技术的问世，为音乐的未来发展提供了难以估测的广阔空间。
2．五线谱是公元11世纪初由（）音乐理论家季多所发明。
A．德国B．意大利C．法国D．英国【答案】B【解析】五线谱是在十一世纪时，由意大利的音乐理论家归多·达·累佐最先发明和试用的。
他当时创造的是为纪录《圣歌》而使用的四线谱，因为四条线只能记录八个音左右，而《圣歌》的音域一般都只有八度左右，并且完全是用男声(男声音)来演唱的，所以当时的四线谱中各音的音高相当于现在的次中音谱表。
3．中国传统音乐大致可以分为宫廷音乐、（）、宗教音乐和民间音乐四大类型。
A．山林音乐B．乡村音乐C．文人音乐D．社会音乐【答案】C【解析】中国传统音乐通常是指在清代就已经基本成型的音乐。
大致可以分为宫廷音乐、文人音乐、宗教音乐和民间音乐四大类别。
其中，文人音乐包括古琴和词调音乐。
古琴又名七弦琴，居古代文人“琴棋书画”四大修养之首，古琴音乐集中体现了文人的审美追求、中国道家崇尚的“大音希声”“物我同一”“情景相即”的至高境界；词调音乐是宋代以来文人间彼此唱和的一种重要形式，但现在留存下来的绝大部分仅有词而无乐。
4．民歌《北京的金山上》是一首（）。
A．蒙古族的长调B．藏族的箭歌C．朝鲜族的抒情谣D．苗族的飞歌【答案】B【解析】箭歌，多流行于西藏东南部，是猎手夸耀箭术时所唱的。
江西师范大学2006~2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题[推荐5篇]
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江西师范大学2006~2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题[推荐5篇]第一篇：江西师范大学2006~2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题2012江西师大现当代考研真题一、名词解释1、《大雁和我的保姆》2、左联3、《北京人》4、“主观战斗精神”5、《春之声》6、印家厚二、简答1、周作人《人的文学》对新时期文学的意义2、简析觉新的性格特征及意义3、简述张承志小说的诗话内涵4、沙叶新《陈毅市长》的艺术特征三、论述1、试论鲁迅《野草》的思想内容及艺术特征，并从创作动机的角度谈谈与《呐喊》和《彷徨》的主要区别。
2、分析《青春之歌》中“林道静的成长模式”，并谈谈“林道静成长模式”的时代意义以及历史局限。
2012文学理论一、名词解释1、文学活动2、语境3、抒情话语4、文学传播二、简答1、文学创作中意识与无意识的关系2、文学的审美意识形态的特殊性三、辨析1、叙述者等同于作者，对否？2、文学作品的艺术生命力与其商业价值有无必然关系四、论述1、请运用下列批评模式——伦理道德批评，社会历史批评，审美批评，心理学批评，语言学批评，文化批评中的任意一种，简评中外文学史上你所熟悉的一位作家或作品。
、2、谈谈你对人文关怀的理解并结合这一有关的理论内容，对中国现当代文学或世界文学中的有关创作现象做些简要分析与评价。
2011 现当代一、名词解释 1,《潘先生在难中》2,《上海屋檐下》3,七月诗派4,《青春之歌》5,贺敬之6,《我与地坛》二、简答题1、简述毛泽东《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》的主要思想内容2、简述曹禺剧作的主要艺术成就3、简述孙犁小说的风格特征4、简述朦胧诗派的审美特征三、论述题1、为什么中国现代小说从鲁迅开始，又在他手中成熟2、《芙蓉镇》如何体现“伤痕”和“反思”文学的特色2011文学理论一、名词解释文学活动的“四个要素” 艺术发现文学典型文学风格二、简答题1、什么是艺术概括？艺术概括有哪些具体的规定？2、文学意境有哪些基本特征？三、辨析题1、作家的情感越是强烈，他所创作出来的文学作品越伟大。
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2011年江西师范大学研究生考试中外音乐史试题
中国音乐史部分
名词解释
一，十二律：
古乐的十二调。
古代乐律学名词，是古代的定音方法。
即用三分损益法将一个八度分为十二个不完全相同的半音的一种律制。
各律从低到高依次为：黄钟、大吕、太簇、夹钟、姑洗、仲吕、蕤宾、林钟、夷则、南吕、无射、应钟。
二，乐府：
乐府最初始于秦代，到汉时沿用了秦时的名称。
公元前112年，汉王朝在汉武
帝时正式设立乐府，其任务是收集编纂各地民间音乐、整理改编与创作音乐、进行演唱及演奏等。
三，王光祈：
王光祈(1891—1936) 音乐学家和社会活动家，字润玙，笔名若愚，属龙，四川省成都市的温江区人。
1920年赴德国留学，研习政治经济学，1923年转学音乐。
1927年入柏林大学专攻音乐学，1934年以《论中国古典歌剧》一文获波恩
大学博士学位。
他的研究，开东方民族音乐之先河。
代表作《东方民族之音乐》、《欧洲音乐进化论》、《论中国古典歌剧》等。
四，减字谱：
中国古琴常用的一种以记写指位与左右手演奏技法为特征的记谱法。
因为它是将古琴文字谱的指法、术语减取其较具特点的部分组合而成，故名“减字谱”。
中国古琴常用的一种以记写指位与左右手演奏技法为特征的记谱法。
因为它是将古琴文字谱的指法、术语减取其较具特点的部分组合而成，故名“减字谱”。
由唐末琴家曹柔创立的古琴文字谱，是由文字谱减化而来。
这种记
谱法使用减字拼成某种符号记录左手按弦指法和右手弹奏指法，它是一种只记录演奏法和音高，不记录音名、节奏的记谱法，。