科技翻译1

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Lecture 11 汉英科技翻译常见问题(1) 科技翻译

二、搭配问题

英语词语搭配往往是固定的，不可随意改动。搭配涉及动词、名词、介词等等。

1. 目前生物工程的研发主要集中在基因工程产品的开发上。 ? The recent R&D of bioengineering is focused in the development of genetic engineering products. 改译： The recent R&D of bioengineering is focused on the development of genetic engineering products.
四、标点问题

标点符号对书面语言的表达非常重要，而且在英语中的使用比汉语严格，所以汉译英时要引起注意。
轶事一则

有位记者采访报道一位女明星，文稿中的一个逗号的误用引起一场笑话。试看下面的两个句子。 1.I would like to wear no clothes which will distinguish me from others. 我不爱穿使我显得与众不同的衣服（原意） 2.I would like to wear no clothes, which will distinguish me from others. 我喜欢不穿衣服，这样就可以与众不同了。

如果出现这种情况，只需用螺丝刀拧紧螺丝，如果不拧紧螺丝，就会导致把手脱落。 A. In such a case, simple application of a screwdriver should be used to tighten screw. Failure to tighten the screw can eventually lead to disengagement of the handle. B. If this happens, simply tighten the screw with a screwdriver; otherwise, the handle may come off.

科技英语翻译专业词汇-能动

能动专业词汇primary(second) energy 初級(二级)能源renewable energy resources 再生能源資源intellectual building 智能建筑energy-efficiency standards 能源效率标准energy intensity 能源强度direct(indirect) energy saving 直接(间接)节能first（second）law efficiency by thermodynamics第一(二)定律效率energy efficiency 能源效率energy conservation 节能leading coal producing province 主要产煤省mainline conveyor 主线输送机Global Positioning System（GPS）全球卫星定位系统mine field 煤田coking coal 炼焦煤Continuous Miner 连续采煤机steam air heater 蒸气加热器inverter 转换开关induced draft fan 引风机large scale integrate circuit 大规模集成电路air circuit breaker 空气断路器air-insulated 空气绝缘的alternating current 交流电annunciator 报警器automatic control system 自动控制系统natural/thermal circulation 自然循环motor starter 电动机启动装置operation condition 运行工况boiler/steam generator 锅炉optimum control 最优控制Multi Function Process(MFP) 多功能处理器natural gas 天然气central control room (CCR) 集控室circuit breaker 断路器photo-electric 光电energy saving of high efficiency 高效节能circulation cooling 循环冷却refractory design 耐火设计F.A.N duct 风管fluidizing nozzle 液化喷嘴trim piping and valve 管道和阀门内件MCC（Motor Control Center）马达控制中心DCS （Distributed Control System）分散控制系统PA/SA/ID fan (primary/secondary/induced Draft fan) 一次风机二次风机/引风机gas air heater 气体空气加热器limestone pneumatic transfer system 灰岩废料除尘系统limestone feed system 灰岩进料系统sand feed system 沙进料系统start-up burner 启动燃烧器SNCR system 选择性无触媒还原系统stack & structure 堆叠&结构acid cleaning 酸洗interstage leakage 级间漏汽coal bunker 原煤斗intervetion/disturbing/bump 扰动excess air 过量空气isolate 相互隔离steam drum 汽包item 物品、元件sub-distribution transformer 低压厂用变journal bearing 支持轴承6kv station board 6KV公用配电屏kilo-volt 千伏6kv unit board 6KV配电屏low pressure cylinder/casing(LP) 低压缸A: ampere 安培actuator 执行机构LED 发光二极管adapter 转接器、接头、light/ignite 点火linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) 线性差动变压器air dry 分析基linearization 线性化air preheater 空气预热器liquid 液态live steam 主蒸汽algorithms 算法load tap-changing 有载调压的alignment 平直度log 记录、日志alteration 改造longitudinal 纵向的lug 吊耳ammonia 氨major pant item 主要辅机amplitude 幅度making current 关合电流analogue 模拟量malfunction 误动作Analogue to Digital conversion 模数转换mechanism 操作机构annex 附属部分medium 媒介、介质annular 环状的membrane panel/wall 膜式壁microgovernor 微型调速器anthracite 无烟煤mill 铁素体apex 顶点millivolt 毫伏archive buffer 文件缓冲器Mimic 模拟图armature 电枢MMC: motor control center 电动机控制中心as received 应用基Modulation 调节、调制ash 灰分modulation-demodulation 调制解调ASM 模拟子模块moisture 水分attemperator 减温器monitor mode 监控方式Automatic Boiler Controls 锅炉自动控制monitor/monitor unit 监控器monitoring 监测autonomous 独立存在的monoxide 一氧化碳auxiliary 辅助的axial 轴向的motor-operated 电动操纵的back-up 备用moving blades/ blading 动叶片bar 条形multifork root 叉型叶根bargraph 条形图batch 成组的、成批的MVA: mega volt-ampere 兆伏安baud rate 波特率bay 隔间bearing house 轴承座network 电网bearing pad 轴瓦neutral point 中性点binary 二进制的nitrogen 氮binary cell 二进制单元node 节点binary counter 二进制计数器notch V形凹槽bit 比特、位ohm 欧姆bituminous 烟煤blank 毛胚oiled-cable 油浸式电缆blow 熔断open loop 开环blow/purge 吹扫open-cycle 开环blowdown pipe 排污管boil 沸腾Boil out 煮炉order polynomial 多项式breaking current 开断电流orientation 定位brown coal/lignite 褐煤outage 停运bubble 汽泡outdoor 户外的burner 燃烧器outer casing 外缸bus interface module(BIM) 总线接口模块overhaul 大修busbar/bus 母线overhead 架空的cable 电缆overhead transmission line 架空输电线calibration 检验overview 全貌、总的看法capacitance 电容oxidized condition/atmosphere 氧化气氛capacitive current 电容电流oxygen 氧capacitor 电容器palm terminal 星型capacity 容量panel 配电盘、屏、板carbon 碳parallel interface 并行接口cast resin transformer 树脂浇注变压器casting 锻造pedestal 轴承座centerline 中心线peer 同类的permanent 长久的channel 通道、信道permanent magnet 永久磁铁character 符号字符permeability 磁导率charger 充电器PF burner/pulverized fuel burner 煤粉燃烧器chronological 按时间顺序的phase change 相变pick-ups 采样器circumferential 周围的pilot exciter 副励磁机clearance 间隙pipe 管道closed loop 闭环plane 平面plant-loop 厂环coal feeder 给煤机pneumatic pilot valve 启动控制阀coil 线圈power plant 电厂cold junction compensation 冷端补偿collar 轴环power supplies 电源Commission 试运行pressure 压力commissioning operation 试运行。

科技翻译

科技英语翻译的理解与表达随着世界科技发展的日新月异和我国对外科技交流的日益频繁，科技翻译的重要性越发凸显出来。

科技翻译要求确切理解和掌握原文的内容，不能主观地发挥个人的想法和推测,做到科学性和艺术性的完美结合。

其科学性和艺术性主要体现为“信、达、雅”的翻译标准。

下面就英语科技翻译的科学性和艺术性，以及翻译的三个标准，讨论科技英语翻译的理解与表达。

一、科技翻译的科学性科技英语的翻译由于其文体的特殊性，首先就要求它的译文要求忠于原文，它的文字表达不需要过于华丽的辞藻，语句直截了当，词意简单明了。

而做到这些就需要译者准确理解原文，包括掌握常用词汇的专业化和语句中词汇翻译的灵活性等。

例1：Applications and incomes become the carrier’s focus of attention. Personalized service has present itself as the high mode service.carrier：n.[化学]载体；运送者；带菌者；货架。

这些是“carrier”的常用词意，但是在科技英语翻译中，它更常用其专业释义。

这句句子中的“carrier”如果用常用的几个词意带入，很快就会发现句子是不通顺的，根据前后文则可以猜测它的词意应该与经济体有关。

实际上，这里“carrier”是“运营商”的意思。

译文：运营商的关注焦点已从技术转向了应用、服务和收益。

作为信息服务的高级形态，个性化服务开始逐步走上了前台。

例2：Ozone pollution is a concern during the summer months because strong sunlight and hot weather result in harmful ozone concentrations in the air we breathe.concern：vt.涉及，关系到；使担心。

科技英语翻译(1-3章)

科技英语翻译1.1翻译的标准第1节翻译练习1The power plant is the heart of a ship.动力装置是船舶的心脏。

The power unit for driving the machines is a50-hp induction motor.驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。

第1节翻译练习2Semiconductor devices,called transistors,are replacing tubes in many applications.半导体装置也称为晶体管，在许多场合替代电子管。

Cramped conditions means that passengers’legs cannot move around freely.空间狭窄，旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。

All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space.我们知道，所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。

第1节翻译练习3The removal of minerals from water is called softening.去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。

A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts:blade and petiole.双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和叶柄。

1.2对译者的要求第4节翻译练习1Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena.爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。

（直译）All four(outer planets)probably have cores of metals,silicates,and water.这四颗外层行星的内核可能都由金属、硅酸盐和水构成。

经典翻译范文之科技篇中英文对照

中国热门科技词汇科学发展观concept of scientific development全民科学文化素质scientific and cultural qualities of the entire people 发展科技scientific and technological advancement科教兴国revitalize China through science and education 农业技术agricultural technology[扩展]白色农业 white agriculture （microbiological agriculture and biological cell agriculture）超级杂交水稻super-hybrid rice技术下乡spreading the application of science and technology in rural areas节水农业water-saving agriculture立体农业3-D agriculture农产品加工及转化the processing and commercialization of agro-products 农业科技agro-science农作物良种seeds of high-quality crop农作物新品种选育the selection and breeding of new crops 生态农业environmental-friendly agriculture无土栽培soil -less cultivationBP机，传呼beeper, pager背投屏幕rear projection screen不明飞行物unidentified flying object （UFO）操作系统operating system产品科技含量technological element of a product创新innovation电话会议teleconference电话留言机answering machine对讲机talkie and walkie多媒体multimedia二期the second phase防抱死系统ABS （anti-lock braking system）孵化器incubator高产优质high yield and high quality高技术产业化apply high technology to production高科技板块high-tech sector高科技园high-tech park个人数字助理PDA （personal digital assistant）工业园区industrial park国家质量技术监督局the State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision 国家重点实验室national key laboratories火炬计划Torch Program （a plan to develop new and high technology）计算机中央处理器central processing unit（CPU）技术产权technology property right技术交底confide a technological secret to someone.技术密集产品technology-intensive product交叉学科interdisciplinary branch of science科技成果转化为生产力 transfer of scientific and technological achievements into productive forces科技含量technology content科技基础设施science and technology infrastructure科技是第一生产力Science and technology constitute a primary productive for ce科技体制改革reform of the science and technology management system科技与经济脱节science and technology are out of line from the economy科教兴国rejuvenate the country through science and education可持续发展战略strategy of sustainable development纳米nanometer三峡水利枢纽工程the key water control project at the Three Gorges on the Yangtze River物种起源origin of species新兴学科new branch of science研究成果research results在孵企业incubated enterprises自动取款机automatic teller machine （ATM）自然科学与社会科学的交叉融合integration of natural and social sciencesIT 信息技术[扩展]信息港info port信息高地information highland信息高速公路information superhighway信息革命information revolution信息含量information content信息化informationization信息技术处理ITA - Information Technology Agreement 信息检索information retri办公自动化OA （Office Automation）笔记本电脑laptop / notebook / portable computer 电脑病毒computer virus电脑犯罪computer crime电子管理e-management电子货币e-currency电子商务e-business; e-commerce电子商务认证e-business certification电子邮件E-mail非对称数字用户环路ADSL （Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Loop）高速宽带互联网high-speed broadband networks公告板BBS （bulletin board system）光盘杂志CD-ROM magazine广域网WAN （wide area net word）汉字处理软件Chinese character processing software黑客hacker计算机2000年问题Y2K problem计算机辅助教育CAI -computer assisted instruction计算机辅助设计CAD-computer assisted design计算机合成制造CAM-computer assisted manufacturing计算机中央处理器CPU - central processing unit超文本传送协议hypertext transfer protocol （HTTP）界面interface金融电子化computerized financial services局域网LAN - local area network互联网服务提供商ISP （Internet Service Provider）全球移动通信系统（全球通）global system for mobile communications （GSM）刻录机CD burner宽带接入broadband access宽带网broadband networks内联网、局域网（计算机）Intranet垃圾邮件junk mail千年问题、千年虫millennium bug; Y2K bug 人工智能AI - artificial intelligence人机交互human - computer interaction人机交互human-computer interaction虚拟人visual human虚拟网virtual net虚拟网virtual net虚拟现实virtual reality虚拟银行virtual bank因特网服务提供商ISP- internet service provider万维网World Wide Web（WWW）应用软件internet applications域名domain在线on line掌上电脑palm computer政府上网工程Government Online Project只读存储器read-only-memory （ROM）智能感知技术perceptive technology智能终端intelligent terminal中文信息处理系统Chinese information processing system数码科技digital technology高保真Hi-Fi （High Fidelity）高清晰度电视high definition TV （HDTV）光谷optical valley光通讯optical communication蓝光光盘Blue -ray Disc数码港cyber port数字地球digital globe数字蜂窝移动通信digital cellular mobile telecommunications三维电影three-dimensional movie三维动画three-dimensional animation[详析] “蓝光光盘”利用蓝色的激光束来刻录数据。

科技英语课文翻译1-7

参考译文Unit 1课文A石油1油，和煤一样，存在于沉积岩中，而且可能由死去很长时间的生物有机体形成。

含有石油的岩石几乎都来源于海洋，所以形成石油的有机物一定是海洋生物，而不是树木。

2 石油，并不是来自于逐渐积聚的木质物质，而可能是来自于逐渐积聚的海洋生物的脂肪物质。

比如浮游生物：大量浮游在海水表层的单细胞生物。

3 有机物的脂肪物质主要由碳氢原子组成，因此并不需要太多的化学变化就可以形成石油。

生物有机体只需在缺氧的条件下沉积到海湾浅水处的淤泥里。

其脂肪不是分解腐烂，而是逐渐积聚，并在深层的淤泥里圈闭起来，进而经过细微的原子重组，最终形成石油。

4 油比水轻，呈液态，会经由上方覆盖的孔隙性岩石向上渗透，在地球上有些地区到达表层，古人将这些表层石油称为沥青、柏油或异庚烷。

在古代和中世纪，这些石油油苗常被看作药品而不是燃料。

5 当然，表层的油苗数量很少。

而石油油藏上方有时覆盖的是非孔隙性岩石。

石油向上渗透抵达该岩石，然后在岩石下方逐渐积聚形成油层。

若在上方的岩石上钻个孔，石油就可以通过该孔向上迁移。

有时压力过大，石油会向高空喷出。

1859年在宾夕法尼亚州，由埃德温·德雷克成功打出第一口井。

6 如果可以发现一个合适的地点（勘探人员已经识别出地下可能圈闭有石油的地层结构），那么就很容易抽取这一液体燃料，这要比派人到地下把大块的固体煤炭砍成小块要容易得多。

而且一旦获得石油，可以通过地上管道运输，而不必像煤一样，由运货车经过繁重的装卸任务来运输。

7 石油便于抽取，易于运输，促进了石油的应用。

石油可以蒸馏成不同的馏分，每种馏分均由特定大小的分子组成，分子越小，该馏分就越容易蒸发。

8 到19世纪下半叶，最重要的石油馏分是由中等大小的分子构成的煤油，它不易蒸发，被用于照明。

9 然而，到19世纪末人们研制出了内燃机。

内燃机是通过在汽缸里将空气与可燃气体混合，产生爆炸来提供动力的。

最便利的可燃气体是汽油——石油的又一馏分，由小分子构成，容易蒸发。

科技翻译(1)

• 一九一一年，一位波兰科学家发现，脚气病所以多发生在东方，是因该地区各国的人民主要以白米或精制大米为食。
• An infrared system could be useable in both anti-air and anti-ship engagements, but its inherent disadvantages related to some dependence on optical visibility and to sensibility to interference from natural or manmade sources make it less attractive in the surface than in the air role.
Unit Eleven Aeronautics
The Translation of Long Sentences
一、顺序拆译法
• 有些英语长句虽然结构冗长，但其表意顺序和叙述层次与汉语相近。对这种句子，基本上可以按照原来的先后顺序拆译成若干小句、递次译出。
• In 1911, a scientist in Poland found that the reason why beriberi was occurring mostly in the Orient was that the peoples in these countries ate mainly white or polished rice.
• 空气为什么能使火燃烧得更旺?直到大约二百年前才弄清其原因。当时某些科学家终于证明，空气中有一种气体是氧，它能够与其它一些元素（如碳）化合，从而释放出大量的热。
• From what is stated above，it is learned that the sun’s heat can pass through the empty space between the sun and the atmosphere that surrounds the earth, and that most of the heat is dispersed through the atmosphere and lost， which is really what happens in the practical case, but to what extent it is lost has not been found out.

科技翻译

We can use brackets in the ordinary, so that A would be written as A/(B+D). 我们可以使用一般括号，这样。。就可以写成 A/(B+D)。英语中的虚拟语气表示的是“可能性”低。转换与被动语态的翻译正规被动句通常有介词“被，叫，让，受，为”等引导的被动句。 Coal is being used in great and great amount to produce electricity. 越来越多的煤正在被用来发电。 They are entirely controlled by instincts. 他们完全受本能的控制。当然被动句。汉语动词的语态很大程度上取决于句子的深层结构，表层关系上的主谓关系可以表达深层结构的受事关系。 The project has been completed. 那个工程已经竣工。 A convex lens can be used to construct the sun’s ray and thus burn a hole in a piece of paper. 凸透镜可以用来聚集太阳光，将一片纸烧穿个洞。无主句 Thin layers of other impermeable materials are found in nature, too. 在自然界中也发现有其他非渗透性薄层物质。判断句 Superconductive was first discovered by the Holland physicist kamelingh-onnes in 1911. 超导体是荷兰物理学家 kamelingh-onnes 与 1911 年发现的。有时，如当汉动词为“认为，以为，认识到”等表示心里意识活动的词时，还需补上英语表层被动结构中所省略的施事。 At first it was believed that air consisted of single gas. 起初人们曾以为空气只是由单一气体组成。有时需要转换成主动语态 Plants and trees are provided by nature with four means of dispersing their seed. 大自然赋予草木四种传播种子的方法。英语状语性分词结构翻译具有科技英语特色的状语性分词结构 The solar wind grossly distorts the earth’s magnetic field. It drag it out to a long tail. 第二句处的 it 指的是第一句中的 the solar wind，因此可以写成 The solar wind grossly distorts the earth’s magnetic field, dragging it out to a long tail. 常见非谓语动词词组有现在分词，过去分词和不定式三种，通常与主语保持时间、条件、因果、方式等语义方面的联系。译成连动式分句在一个主语下使用两个或两个以上的动词，期间用逗号隔开。 The solar wind grossly distorts the earth’s magnetic field, dragging it out to a long tail. 太阳风使地球磁场的形状发生了很大的变化，将它向外拉，扯出一条长尾巴。译成复合分句两个主语分别置于两句中 About a day after a sector boundary, the total spin of all the storms in the North hemisphere declines by about 10 per cent, making the storms less sever, and then returns to normal.

科技英语翻译(1)

科技英语写作与翻译
ENGLISH FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Historically，“three peaks”in translation movements：东汉至唐宋的Buddhism scripture 的翻译、明末清初的科技翻译、鸦片战争至‘五四“ 的西学翻译。（ First Opium War (Britain’s invasion of China, 1840-1842） In terms of scope, quality, and contribution to the development of the nation, the current one is unprecedented.
形象生动,句式简单,强烈的审美意识，文字生动而感人。
专业术语,正式的客观描述词汇,较长的
名词化结构,客观事实,文字严谨而客观。
2. 与英语口语文体的对比 An old lady who was listening exclaimed: It beats all how folks do things nowadays. When I was a gal, they made a hole in each end of an egg and sucked. A young lady back home from school was explaining. “ Take an egg.” She said, “ and make a perforation in the base and a corresponding one in the apex, then apply the lips to the aperture, and by forcibly inhaling the breath, the shell is entirely discharged of its contents.”

科技英语翻译1—4

Types of SustainabilityThe four types of sustainability include human, economic, social, and environmental. All four are required to maintain the entirety of life on Earth. Although interconnected, it is important to note the differences of each in terms of its nature and requirements.Types of Sustainability / HumanThe very basic need of human sustainability is good reproductive health and safe childbearing. Those that reproduce have the responsibility of caring for their children, giving them access to proper education, and promoting their health and wellness. At some point, the children should have enough skills and knowledge such that they can sustain their own way of life. It is at that point that they become considered as productive human capital as well as individuals that can go through the process of reproduction and rearing. As long as this process is maintained at a rate that all human systems can support, human sustainability should be no cause for concern.Types of Sustainability / EconomicIn simple terms, economic sustainability is having a set amount of capital for a certain period. Those who consume that capital must also conserve it so that they will continue to enjoy it towards the end of the specified period. This means that we must preserve all our resources as we consume them so that human beings in the future can enjoy them as well. To achieve this, we must regenerate our resources at a rate that is equal to or faster than our consumption.Types of Sustainability / SocialSocial capital is an important aspect of sustainability because it is through communities and civil societies that humankind can easily and inexpensively work together. Without proper levels of social capital, it can easily deplete and violence as well as mistrust can take over. When that happens, societies and everything else that depends on them will be destroyed. Through proper maintenance of and adherence to laws, rules, and values that societies have developed for the common good, social sustainability can be achieved.Types of Sustainability / EnvironmentalEnvironmental sustainability is important because it involves natural resources that human beings need for economic or manufactured capital. Materials taken from nature are used for solutions that address human needs. If nature is depleted faster than it can regenerate, human beings will be left without raw materials.Furthermore, environmental sustainability also involves ensuring that waste emissions are at volumes that nature can handle. If not, all humans and other living things on Earth can be harmed to the point of extinction.可持续性分类四种可持续性包括人类可持续性，经济可持续性，社会可持续性和环境可持续性。

科技翻译

科技翻译1、(After resting on the ocean floor, split asunder and rusting, for nearly three quarters of a century,a great ship seemed to come alive again.)…As they viewed videotapes and photographs of the sunken leviathan物),millions of people around the world could sense her mass, her eerie quiet and the ruined splendor of a lost age.（一艘巨轮在撞击断裂后沉入海底70多年，锈蚀不堪，似乎又要获得新生。

）……当世界上千百万人观看这沉没巨轮的录像带和照片时，他们都会感受到它那庞大的躯体，察觉到它周围可怕的沉寂，领略到它已经剥落的昔日的辉煌。

2、Or consider cell growth. Cells in those organs that suffer constant wear and tear ─as in the skin or in the intestinal lining -grow and multiply all life long.原译: 还可以细胞生长为例。

不断受到磨损和撕扯的器官细胞( 如皮肤、肠内壁) ，自始至终都得不断发育和增长。

改译: 还可以细胞生长为例。

不断受到磨损腐蚀的器官细胞( 如皮肤、肠内壁) ，自始至终都在不断新陈代谢。

3、We shall design a barrel through which projectiles are to be fired comprised of a metal barrel shaped substrate衬底upon at least the inner surface of which is coasted a relatively thin layer of a dense, hard wear and corrosion resistant vapor-deposited material having a Mohs’ scale hardness of about 8-9.我们将设计一种发射子弹的枪筒，它有一个圆筒形金属衬套，至少要在衬套内壁镀上一层致密耐磨且防蚀的气相淀积薄膜，其莫氏硬度约为8-9。

科技英语翻译(1)修改版

Features
可见，同样的内容，科技文体的行文和日常英语
的表述方式有很大的差异。
日常英语表述主观，用词通俗易懂，句式简洁明
白，表达方式直观。
科技英语表述客观，行文简练，句式严整，用词
正式，专业术语多，名词性短语多，句中主要信息前置，通过主语传递主要信息。
Features
1. Vocabulary features
(7) 复杂长句使用频繁
Syntactic Features
(一)大量使用名词化结构(准确性)
《当代英语语法》（A Grammar of Contemporary）在
论述科技英语时提出，大量使用名词化结构（Nominalization）是科技英语的特点之一。因为科技文体要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切、信息量大、强调存在的事实而非某一行为。
single-phase switch-mode inverter.
图1中用框图表示的电源是一个单相开关逆变器（转换器）。
Syntactic Features
2) A three-phase circuit, as it was pointed out above, is merely a combination of three single-phase circuits.
Syntactic Features
客观性（Objectiveness）准确性（accuracy）精练性(conciseness)
(1) 大量使用名词化结构 (2) 大量使用非谓语结构 (3) 多用后置形容词短语作定语 (4) 被动语句使用频繁 (5) 省略句使用频繁 (6) It句型和祈使句使用频繁
Vocabulary Features

科技英语阅读原文及翻译(李健版,单元1-7)

Unit 1 EnvironmentEarth’s Health in Sharp Decline, Massive Study Finds大规模研究发现：地球的“健康”每况愈下The report card has arrived from the largest ever scientific Earth analysis, and many of the planet’s ecosystems are simply not making the grade.有史以来对地球进行的最大规模的科学分析结果表明，地球上的许多生态系统都达不到标准。

The UN-backed Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Synthesis Report found that nearly two-thirds of Earth’s life-supporting ecosystems, including clean water, pure air, and stable climate, are being degraded by unsustainable use.由联合国主持的《千年生态系统评估综合报告》指出，由于不可持续的使用，地球上将近三分之二的用来维持生命的生态系统（包括干净的水源、纯净的空气以及稳定的气候）正遭受破坏。

Human has caused much of this damage during the past half century. Soaring demand for food, fresh water, timber, fiber and fuel have led to dramatic environmental changes, from deforestation to chemical pollution, the report says. The already grim situation may worsen dramatically during the first half of the 21st century, the report’s authors warn.以上大部分的破坏都是人类在过去的半个世纪里造成的。

科技翻译：法律文本翻译练习1

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The undersigned warrants and represents that the Contribution is original and has not been previously published elsewhere in a similar form, and that he/she is the author of the Contribution, except for material that is clearly identified as to its original source, with permission notices from the copyright owners where required, and that he/she has full power and authority to make and execute this paper submission and grant for Academy Publisher, and that he/she has not granted or assigned any rights in the Contribution to any other person, publisher or entity, and that the Contribution is a copyrightable, and that the Contribution does not infringe upon any existing right of privacy, copyright, trademark, patent, statutory right, or propriety right of others, and that the Contribution does not contain infringing, libellous, obscene or other unlawful matter, and that he/she has obtained any necessary permissions from the copyright owner or his legal representative whenever a text passage from copyrighted material is quoted or a table, data, figure or other material from such material is used.3. Should the Contribution contain any material protected by the copyright of others, it is the Author's responsibility to obtain permission from the copyright owner to reproduce any such material in his/her work prior to its submission and subsequent publication. The undersigned agree to supply such permission(s) to Academy Publisher upon request. The undersigned will defend and indemnify Academy Publisher for, and hold Academy Publisher harmless from any loss, expense or damage occasioned by, any claim or suit by a third party for copyright infringement or arising out of any breach of the foregoing warranties as a result of publication of the Contribution.4. The undersigned declares that any person named as co-author of the Contribution is aware of the submission and has agreed to being so named. The undersigned signs for and accepts responsibility for releasing this material on behalf of any and all co-authors. The undersigned declares that statements and opinions given in the Contribution are the expression of the Authors. Responsibility for the content of the Contribution rests upon the Authors, not Academy Publisher.5. The Authors retain all proprietary rights, other than copyright, such as patent rights. The Authors retain the right to reuse any portion of the work, without charge, in future works of the author's own, including books, lectures and presentations in all media, provided that the publication by Academy Publisher is properly credited and the relevant copyright notice is prominently included. The Authors retain the right to post the Contribution on their personal Web Page and on a publicly accessible server of their employer. Such posting is limited to noncommercial access and personal use by others, and it must be clearly pointed out, by prominently adding “© Academy Publisher”, that the copyright for this Contribution is held by Academy Publisher. For all uses not covered above, the Authors must request permission fromAcademy Publisher to reproduce or authorize the reproduction of the Work or material extracted verbatim from the Work, including figures and tables. Although the Authors are permitted to re-use all or portions of the Work in other works, this does not include granting third-party requests for reprinting, republishing, or other types of re-use. Academy Publisher must handle all such third-party requests.6. This agreement is to be signed by at least one of the Authors who has obtained the assent of the co-author(s) where applicable. If the Authors are employed and prepared their paper as a part of their job, the rights to the Contribution initially rest with their employer. In that case, when the undersigned signs the copyright transfer agreement, Academy Publisher assumes the undersigned is authorized to do so by his/her employer and his/her employer has consented to all the terms and conditions of this agreement.Crown Copyright. The Contribution is subject to Crown Copyright and is not assigned to the Academy Publisher as set forth in item 1 above. The undersigned acknowledges, however, that the Academy Publisher has the right to publish, distribute and reprint the Contribution in all forms and media, and indicates the acceptance of all the other items above except item 1. 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科技英语翻译技巧一

科技英语翻译技巧一——————词义的选择1.Packaged software is developed to serve the specific needs of one user.包装软件是根据用户的特殊需求来开发的。

2.Noises may develop in a worn engine.磨损的引擎可能产生噪音。

3.Shorts frequently develop when insulation is worn.隔热材料磨损时容易发生短路。

4.Sure enough, 80 percent of the plants developed the disease.果然，80%的植物遭遇了疾病的侵袭。

5.Other isolation methods are being developed.其他分离方法正在开发中。

6.In developing the design, we must consider the feasibility of processing.在进行设计的同时，我们必须考虑加工过程的可行性。

7.After the war much of this knowledge was poured into the developing of the computers.战后，很多这方面的知识被投入研制计算机。

8. A mathematical or logical operation must meet a certain condition.一个数学或逻辑运算必须满足一定的条件。

9.Interactive programming conditions are now available for some commercial programminglanguages.交互编程环境现在可以用于商用编程语言。

10.The results of a biopsy indicate a rare nonmalignant condition.活体检查的结果显示一个罕见的良性健康情况。

科技英语阅读课文翻译UNIT1-8

科技英语阅读1-8单元译文：Unit 1罗素悖论的提出是基于这样的一个事例：设想有这样一群理发师，他们只给不给自己理发的人理发。

假设其中一个理发师符合上述的条件，不给自己理发；然而按照要求，他必须要给自己理发。

但是在这个集合中没有人会给自己理发。

（如果这样的话，这个理发师必定是给别人理发还要给自己理发）1901年，伯特兰·罗素悖论的发现打击了他其中的一个数学家同事。

在19世纪后期，弗雷格尝试发展一个基本原理以便数学上能使用符号逻辑。

他确立了形式表达式（如：x =2）和数学特性（如偶数）之间的联系。

按照弗雷格理论的发展，我们能自由的用一个特性去定义更多更深远的特性。

1903年，发表在《数学原理》上的罗素悖论从根本上揭示了弗雷格这种集合系统的局限性。

就现在而言，这种类型的集合系统能很好的用俗称集的结构式来描述。

例如，我们可以用x代表整数，通过n 来表示并且n大于3小于7，来表示4，5,6这样一个集合。

这种集合的书写形势就是：x={n：n是整数，3<n<7}。

集合中的对象并不一定是数字。

我们也可让y={x：x是美国的一个男性居民}。

表面上看，似乎任何一个关于x的描述都有一个符合要求的空间。

但是，罗素（和策梅洛一起）发现x={a：a不再a中}导致一个矛盾，就像对一群理发师的描述一样。

x它本身是在x的集合中吗？否定的答案导致了矛盾的出现。

当罗素发现了悖论，弗雷格立即就发现悖论对他的理论有致命的打击。

尽管这样，他还不能解决这个问题,并且上世纪有很多的尝试，去解决这个问题（但没有成功）。

罗素自己对这个悖论的回答促进了类型理论的形成。

他解释说，悖论的问题在于我们混淆了数集和数集的集合。

所以，罗素介绍了对象的分级系统：数、数集、数集的集合等等。

这个系统为形式化数学的形成奠定了基础，至今它还应用于哲学研究和计算机科学分支。

策梅洛对于罗素悖论的解决方法用新的公理：对于任意公式A（x）和任意集合b，都会有一个集合满足y={x：x既在b中又满足A（x）}取代了以前的公理：对于任意公式A（x），都会有一个集合满足y={x：x满足A（x）}。

科技翻译教程

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1 科技英语文体的特征、功能和语境
1.3 普通科技文体 1.3.1 普通科技文体用词平易 1.3.1.3 多用代词
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1 科技英语文体的特征、功能和语境
1.3 普通科技文体 1.3.2 普通科技文体句法简单 1.3.2.1 使用短句
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1 科技英语文体的特征、功能和语境
taxi 在航空中指飞机在水（地）面滑行
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1 科技英语文体的特征、功能和语境
1.2.2 专用科技文体用词正式
brain
encephalon
.2.2 专用科技文体用词正式
(石油)钻头 bit
（机械加工）军刀，切削刀（数学）二进制数
试样可夹在具有同样硬度的工件之间，可镀层。
Page 10
1 科技英语文体的特征、功能和语境
1.2.1 专用科技文体语义特征 1.2.1.2 非人称化 1) 少用代词，偶见人称代词we
2) 多用被动（近二三十年多用主动）
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1 科技英语文体的特征、功能和语境
1.2.1 专用科技文体语义特征 1.2.1.3 名词化（Nominalization）
seismic regions
earthquake belts
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1 科技英语文体的特征、功能和语境
1.3 普通科技文体 1.3.1 普通科技文体用词平易
1.3.1.2 用动词代替抽象名词 We ask for the cooperation of all employee.
We ask that all employees cooperate.