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Arduino Nano ESP32 产品参考手册说明书

Product Reference ManualSKU: ABX00083DescriptionThe Arduino Nano ESP32 (with and without headers) is a Nano form factor board based on the ESP32-S3 (embedded in the NORA-W106-10B from u-blox®). This is the ﬁrst Arduino board to be based fully on an ESP32, and features Wi-Fi®, Bluetooth® LE, debugging via native USB in the Arduino IDE as well as low power.The Nano ESP32 is compatible with the Arduino IoT Cloud, and has support for MicroPython. It is an ideal board for getting started with IoT development.Target areas:Maker, Debugging, IoT, MicroPythonFeaturesXtensa® Dual-core 32-bit LX7 Microprocessor Up to 240 MHz384 kB ROM512 kB SRAM16 kB SRAM in RTC (low power mode)DMA ControllerPowerOperating voltage 3.3 VVUSB supplies 5 V via USB-C® connectorVIN range is 6-21 VConnectivityWi-Fi®Bluetooth® LEBuilt-in antenna2.4 GHz transmitter/receiverUp to 150 MbpsPins14x digital (21x including analog)8x analog (available in RTC mode)SPI(D11,D12,D13), I2C (A4/A5), UART(D0/D1) Communication PortsSPII2CI2SUARTCAN (TWAI®)Low Power7 μA consumption in deep sleep mode240 μA consumption in light sleep modeRTC MemoryUltra Low Power (ULP) CoprocessorPower Management Unit (PMU)ADC in RTC mode55556778888999910101011111111121212131313131314151516Contents1 The Board1.1 Application Examples 2 ESP32 Core3 Recommended Operating Conditions4 Block Diagram5 Board Topology5.1 Front View6 NORA-W106-10B (Radio Module / MCU)6.1 Xtensa® Dual-Core 32bit LX7 Microprocessor 6.2 Wi-Fi®6.3 Bluetooth®7 System7.1 Resets 7.2 Timers 7.3 Interrupts8 Serial Communication Protocols8.1 Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C)8.2 Inter-IC Sound (I2S)8.3 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)8.4 Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART)8.5 Two Wire Automotive Interface (TWAI®)9 External Flash Memory 10 USB Connector 11 Power Options11.1 Power Tree 11.2 Pin Voltage 11.3 VIN Rating 11.4 VUSB11.5 Using the 3.3 V Pin 11.6 Pin Current 12 Pinout12.1 Analog (JP1)12.2 Digital (JP2)13 Mounting Holes And Board Outline161617171717174191920202014 Board Operation14.1 Getting Started - IDE14.2 Getting Started - Arduino Web Editor 14.3 Getting Started - Arduino IoT Cloud 14.4 Online Resources 14.5 Board Recovery15 Declaration of Conformity CE DoC (EU)16 Declaration of Conformity to EU RoHS & REACH 211 01/19/202117 Conﬂict Minerals Declaration 18 FCC Caution19 Company Information 20 Reference Documentation 21 Change Log1 The BoardNano ESP32 is a 3.3 V development board based on the NORA-W106-10B from u-blox®, a module that includes a ESP32-S3 system on a chip (SoC). This module has support for Wi-Fi® and Bluetooth® Low Energy (LE), with ampliﬁed communication through a built-in antenna. The CPU (32-bit Xtensa® LX7) support clock frequencies at up to 240 MHz and has native support for debugging via the USB-C® connector.1.1 Application ExamplesHome automation: an ideal board for automating your home, and can be used for smart switches, automatic lighting and motor control for e.g. motor controlled blinds.IoT sensors: with several dedicated ADC channels, accessible I2C/SPI buses and a robust ESP32-S3 based radio module, this board can easily be deployed to monitor sensor values.Low power designs: create battery powered applications with low power consumption, utilising the built in low power modes of the ESP32-S3 SoC.2 ESP32 CoreThe Nano ESP32 uses the Arduino Core for ESP32 boards, a derivation of Espressif's arduino-esp32 core. Rating3 Recommended Operating ConditionsSymbol Description Min Typ Max UnitV IN Input voltage from VIN pad67.021VV USB Input voltage from USB connector 4.8 5.0 5.5VT OP Operating Temperature-402585°CFunctional Overview4 Block DiagramArduino Nano ESP32 Block Diagram5 Board Topology5.1 Front ViewTop View of Arduino Nano ESP32 Ref.DescriptionM1NORA-W106-10B (ESP32-S3 SoC)J1CX90B-16P USB-C® connectorJP11x15 analog headerJP21x15 digital headerU2MP2322GQH step down converterU3GD25B128EWIGR 128 Mbit (16 MB) ext. ﬂash memory DL1RGB LEDDL2LED SCK (serial clock)DL3LED Power (green)D2PMEG6020AELRX Schottky DiodeD3PRTR5V0U2X,215 ESD Protection6 NORA-W106-10B (Radio Module / MCU)The Nano ESP32 features the NORA-W106-10B stand alone radio module, embedding an ESP32-S3 series SoC as well as an embedded antenna. The ESP32-S3 is based on an Xtensa® LX7 series microprocessor.6.1 Xtensa® Dual-Core 32bit LX7 MicroprocessorThe microprocessor for the ESP32-S3 SoC inside the NORA-W106 module is a dual-core 32-bit Xtensa® LX7. Each core can run at up to 240 MHz and has 512 kB SRAM memory. The LX7 features:32-bit customized instruction set128-bit data bus32-bit multiplier / dividerSupport for JTAG debuggingThe LX7 has a 384 kB ROM (Read Only Memory), and 512 kB of SRAM (Static Random Access Memory). It also features an 8 kB RTC FAST and RTC SLOW memory. These memories are designed for low-power operations, where the SLOW memory can be accessed by the ULP (Ulta Low Power) coprocessor, retaining the data in deep sleep mode.6.2 Wi-Fi®The NORA-W106-10B module supports the Wi-Fi® 4 IEEE 802.11 standards b/g/n, with an output power EIRP at up to 10 dBm. The max range for this module is 500 meters.802.11b: 11 Mbit/s802.11g: 54 Mbit/s802.11n: 72 Mbit/s max at HT-20 (20 MHz), 150 Mbit/s max at HT-40 (40 MHz)6.3 Bluetooth®The NORA-W106-10B module supports Bluetooth® LE v5.0 with an output power EIRP at up to 10 dBm and data rates up to 2 Mbps. It has the option to scan and advertise simultaneously, as well as supporting multiple connections in peripheral/central mode.7 System7.1 ResetsThe ESP32-S3 has support for four levels of reset:CPU: resets CPU0/CPU1 coreCore: resets the digital system, except for the RTC peripherals (ULP coprocessor, RTC memory).System: resets the entire digital system, including the RTC peripherals.Chip: resets the entire chip.It is possible to conduct a software reset of this board, as well as obtaining the reset reason.To do a hardware reset of the board, use the onboard reset button (PB1).7.2 TimersThe Nano ESP32 has the following timers:52-bit system timer with 2x 52-bit counters (16 MHz) and 3x comparators.4x general-purpose 54-bit timers3x watchdog timers, two in main system (MWDT0/1), one in the RTC module (RWDT).7.3 InterruptsAll GPIOs on the Nano ESP32 can be conﬁgured to be used as interrupts, and is provided by an interrupt matrix. Interrupt pins are conﬁgured on an application level, using the following conﬁgurations:LOWHIGHCHANGEFALLINGRISING8 Serial Communication ProtocolsThe ESP32-S3 chip provides ﬂexibility for the various serial protocols it supports. For example, the I2C bus can be assigned to almost any available GPIO.8.1 Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C)Default pins:A4 - SDAA5 - SCLThe I2C bus is by default assigned to the A4/A5 (SDA/SCL) pins for retro compatibility. This pin assignment can however be changed, due to the ﬂexibility of the ESP32-S3 chip.The SDA and SCL pins can be assigned to most GPIOs, however some of these pins may have other essential functions that prevents I2C operations to run successfully.Please note: many software libraries uses the standard pin assignment (A4/A5).8.2 Inter-IC Sound (I2S)There two I2S controllers that are typically used for communication with audio devices. There are no speciﬁc pins assigned for I2S, this can be used by any free GPIO.Using standard or TDM mode, the following lines are used:MCLK - master clockBCLK - bit clockWS - word selectDIN/DOUT - serial dataUsing PDM mode:CLK - PDM clockDIN/DOUT serial dataRead more about the I2S protocol in Espressif's Peripheral API - InterIC Sounds (I2S)8.3 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)SCK - D13COPI - D12CIPO - D11CS - D10The SPI controller is by default assigned to the pins above.8.4 Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART)D0 / TXD1 / RXThe UART controller is by default assigned to the the pins above.8.5 Two Wire Automotive Interface (TWAI®)The CAN/TWAI® controller is used to communicate with systems using the CAN/TWAI® protocol, particularly common in the automotive industry. There are no speciﬁc pins assigned for the CAN/TWAI® controller, any free GPIO can be used.Please note: TWAI® is also known as the CAN2.0B, or "CAN classic". The CAN controller is NOT compatible with CAN FD frames.9 External Flash MemoryNano ESP32 features a 128 Mbit (16 MB) external ﬂash, the GD25B128EWIGR (U3). This memory is connected to the ESP32 via Quad Serial Peripheral Interface (QSPI).The operating frequency for this IC is 133 MHz, and has a data transfer rate at up to 664 Mbit/s.10 USB ConnectorThe Nano ESP32 has one USB-C® port, used to power and program your board as well as sending & receiving serial communication.Note that you should not power the board with more than 5 V via the USB-C® port.11 Power OptionsPower can either be supplied via the VIN pin, or via USB-C® connector. Any voltage input either via USB or VIN is stepped down to 3.3 V using the MP2322GQH (U2) converter.The operating voltage for this board is 3.3 V. Please note that there's no 5V pin available on this board, only the VBUS can provide 5 V when the board is powered via USB.11.1 Power TreeArduino Nano ESP32 power tree.11.2 Pin VoltageAll digital & analog pins on the Nano ESP32 are 3.3 V. Do not connect any higher voltage devices to any of the pins as it will risk damaging the board.11.3 VIN RatingThe recommended input voltage range is 6-21 V.You should not attempt to power the board with a voltage outside the recommended range, particularly not higher than 21 V.The eﬃciency of the converter depends on the input voltage via the VIN pin. See the average below for a board operation with normal current consumption:4.5 V - >90%.12 V - 85-90%18 V - <85%This information is extracted from the MP2322GQH's datasheet.11.4 VUSBThere is no 5V pin available on the Nano ESP32. 5 V can only be provided via the VUSB, which is supplied directly from the USB-C® power source.While powering the board via the VIN pin, the VUSB pin is not activated. This means you have no option of providing 5 V from the board unless powered via USB or externally.11.5 Using the 3.3 V PinThe 3.3 V pin is connected to the 3.3 V rail which is connected to the output of the MP2322GQH step down converter. This pin is primarily used to power external components.11.6 Pin CurrentThe GPIOs on the Nano ESP32 can handle source currents up to 40 mA, and sink currents up to 28 mA. Never connect devices that draw higher current directly to a GPIO.Mechanical Information12 PinoutPinout for Nano ESP32.12.1 Analog (JP1)Pin Function Type Description1SCK NC Serial Clock2+3V3Power+3V3 Power Rail3BOOT0Mode Board Reset 04A0Analog Analog input 05A1Analog Analog input 16A2Analog Analog input 27A3Analog Analog input 38A4Analog Analog input 4 / I²C Serial Datal (SDA) 9A5Analog Analog input 5 / I²C Serial Clock (SCL) 10A6Analog Analog input 611A7Analog Analog input 712VUSB Power USB power (5V)13BOOT1Mode Board Reset 114GND Power Ground15VIN Power Voltage Input12.2 Digital (JP2)Pin Function Type Description1D12 / CIPO*Digital Controller In Peripheral Out2D11 / COPI*Digital Controller Out Peripheral In3D10Digital Chip Select4D9Digital GPIO 95D8Digital GPIO 86D7Digital GPIO 77D6Digital GPIO 68D5Digital GPIO 59D4Digital GPIO 410D3Digital GPIO 311D2Digital GPIO 212GND Power Ground13RST Internal Reset14D1/RX Digital GPIO 4 / Serial 0 Receiver (RX) 15D0/TX Digital GPIO 3 / Serial 0 Transmitter (TX) *CIPO/COPI replaces the MISO/MOSI terminology.13 Mounting Holes And Board OutlineMechanical View of Nano ESP3214 Board Operation14.1 Getting Started - IDEIf you want to program your Nano ESP32 while oﬄine you need to install the Arduino IDE [1]. To connect the Nano ESP32 to your computer, you will need a Type-C® USB cable, which can also provide power to the board, as indicated by the LED (DL1).14.2 Getting Started - Arduino Web EditorAll Arduino boards, including this one, work out-of-the-box on the Arduino Web Editor [2], by just installing a simple plugin.The Arduino Web Editor is hosted online, therefore it will always be up-to-date with the latest features and support for all boards. Follow [3] to start coding on the browser and upload your sketches onto your board.14.3 Getting Started - Arduino IoT CloudAll Arduino IoT enabled products are supported on Arduino IoT Cloud which allows you to log, graph and analyze sensor data, trigger events, and automate your home or business.14.4 Online ResourcesNow that you have gone through the basics of what you can do with the board you can explore the endless possibilities it provides by checking exciting projects on Arduino Project Hub [4], the Arduino Library Reference [5], and the online store [6]; where you will be able to complement your board with sensors, actuators and more. 14.5 Board RecoveryAll Arduino boards have a built-in bootloader which allows ﬂashing the board via USB. In case a sketch locks up the processor and the board is not reachable anymore via USB, it is possible to enter bootloader mode by double-tapping the reset button right after the power-up.Certifications15 Declaration of Conformity CE DoC (EU)We declare under our sole responsibility that the products above are in conformity with the essential requirements of the following EU Directives and therefore qualify for free movement within markets comprising the European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA).16 Declaration of Conformity to EU RoHS & REACH 21101/19/2021Arduino boards are in compliance with RoHS 2 Directive 2011/65/EU of the European Parliament and RoHS 3 Directive 2015/863/EU of the Council of 4 June 2015 on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment.Substance Maximum Limit (ppm)Lead (Pb)1000Cadmium (Cd)100Mercury (Hg)1000Hexavalent Chromium (Cr6+)1000Poly Brominated Biphenyls (PBB)1000Poly Brominated Diphenyl ethers (PBDE)1000Bis(2-Ethylhexyl} phthalate (DEHP)1000Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP)1000Dibutyl phthalate (DBP)1000Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP)1000Exemptions : No exemptions are claimed.Arduino Boards are fully compliant with the related requirements of European Union Regulation (EC) 1907 /2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH). We declare none of the SVHCs (https://echa.europa.eu/web/guest/candidate-list-table), the Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern for authorization currently released by ECHA, is present in all products (and also package) in quantities totaling in a concentration equal or above 0.1%. To the best of our knowledge, we also declare that our products do not contain any of the substances listed on the "Authorization List" (Annex XIV of the REACH regulations) and Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC) in any signiﬁcant amounts as speciﬁed by the Annex XVII of Candidate list published by ECHA (European Chemical Agency) 1907 /2006/EC.17 Conflict Minerals DeclarationAs a global supplier of electronic and electrical components, Arduino is aware of our obligations with regards to laws and regulations regarding Conﬂict Minerals, speciﬁcally the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, Section 1502. Arduino does not directly source or process conﬂict minerals such as Tin, Tantalum, Tungsten, or Gold. Conﬂict minerals are contained in our products in the form of solder, or as a component in metal alloys. As part of our reasonable due diligence Arduino has contacted component suppliers within our supply chain to verify their continued compliance with the regulations. Based on the information received thus far we declare that our products contain Conﬂict Minerals sourced from conﬂict-free areas.18 FCC CautionAny Changes or modiﬁcations not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:(1) This device may not cause harmful interference(2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. FCC RF Radiation Exposure Statement:1. This Transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.2. This equipment complies with RF radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment.3. This equipment should be installed and operated with a minimum distance of 20 cm between the radiator &your body.English: User manuals for licence-exempt radio apparatus shall contain the following or equivalent notice in a conspicuous location in the user manual or alternatively on the device or both. This device complies with Industry Canada licence-exempt RSS standard(s). Operation is subject to the following two conditions:(1) this device may not cause interference(2) this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device.French: Le présent appareil est conforme aux CNR d’Industrie Canada applicables aux appareils radio exempts de licence. L’exploitation est autorisée aux deux conditions suivantes :(1) l’ appareil nedoit pas produire de brouillage(2) l’utilisateur de l’appareil doit accepter tout brouillage radioélectrique subi, même si le brouillage est susceptible d’en compromettre le fonctionnement.IC SAR Warning:English This equipment should be installed and operated with a minimum distance of 20 cm between the radiator and your body.French: Lors de l’ installation et de l’ exploitation de ce dispositif, la distance entre le radiateur et le corps est d ’au moins 20 cm.Important: The operating temperature of the EUT can’t exceed 85℃ and shouldn’t be lower than -40 ℃. Hereby, Arduino S.r.l. declares that this product is in compliance with essential requirements and other relevant provisions of Directive 201453/EU. This product is allowed to be used in all EU member states.19 Company InformationCompany name Arduino SRLCompany Address Via Andrea Appiani, 25 - 20900 MONZA Italy)20 Reference DocumentationRef LinkArduino IDE (Desktop)https:///en/Main/SoftwareArduino Web Editor(Cloud)https:///editorWeb Editor - Getting Started https:///cloud/web-editor/tutorials/getting-started/getting-started-web-editorProject Hub https:///projecthub?by=part&part_id=11332&sort=trending Library Reference https:///arduino-libraries/Online Store https:///21 Change LogDate Changes08/06/2023Release。

外文翻译---Arduino Uno 参考手册

外文翻译---Arduino Uno 参考手册摘要本参考手册是为Arduino Uno开发板设计的, 它提供了关于Arduino Uno的详细信息, 包括硬件规格和操作指南。

介绍Arduino Uno是一款基于开源原理设计的微控制器开发板。

它是Arduino官方的入门级产品，用户友好且易于使用。

该开发板基于ATmega328P微控制器，具有14个数字输入/输出引脚、6个模拟输入引脚、一个16 MHz的晶振、一组串行通信接口以及其他功能。

硬件规格- 处理器: ATmega328P- 工作电压: 5V- 输入电压: 7-12V- 输入电压（极限）: 6-20V- 数字I/O引脚数量: 14（其中6个支持PWM输出）- 模拟输入引脚数量: 6- 直流电流每个I/O引脚: 20 mA- 直流电流总共I/O引脚: 200 mA- 内存容量: 32 KB (其中 0.5 KB 用于引导程序)- SRAM容量: 2 KB- 闪存容量: 1 KB- 时钟频率: 16 MHz操作指南以下是Arduino Uno的一些基本操作指南：2. 连接Arduino Uno。

将Arduino Uno通过USB电缆连接到计算机。

3. 选择Arduino Uno开发板。

在Arduino IDE的工具菜单中，选择正确的开发板和端口。

4. 写入代码。

使用Arduino IDE编写您的代码，并使用“上传”按钮将代码上传到Arduino Uno。

5. 运行代码。

一旦代码成功上传，Arduino Uno将开始执行您的程序。

6. 调试和测试。

根据您的需求对代码进行调试和测试，以验证Arduino Uno是否按预期工作。

结论本参考手册提供了关于Arduino Uno的详细信息，包括硬件规格和操作指南。

使用本手册可以更好地了解和操作Arduino Uno开发板。

Note: This Chinese translation is for reference only and should be validated by a professional translator before use.。

Arduino Leonardo套件实验手册V1.4可打印

Arduino学习手册ARDUINO学习手册1.1什么是ARDUINO？Arduino是一个能够用来感应和控制现实物理世界的一套工具。

它由一个基于单片机并且开放源码的硬件平台，和一套为Arduino板编写程序的开发环境组成。

Arduino可以用来开发交互产品，比如它可以读取大量的开关和传感器信号，并且可以控制各式各样的电灯、电机和其他物理设备。

Arduino项目可以是单独的，也可以在运行时和你电脑中运行的程序（例如：Flash，Processing，MaxMSP）进行通讯。

Arduino板你可以选择自己去手动组装或是购买已经组装好的；Arduino开源的IDE可以免费下载得到。

Arduino的编程语言就像似在对一个类似于物理的计算平台进行相应的连线，它基于处理多媒体的编程环境。

1.2 为什么要选择ARDUINO？有很多的单片机和单片机平台都适合用做交互式系统的设计。

例如：Parallax Basic Stamp，Netmedia’s BX-24，Phidgets，MIT’s Handyboard 和其它等等提供类似功能的。

所有这些工具，你都不需要去关心单片机编程繁琐的细节，提供给你的是一套容易使用的工具包。

Arduino同样也简化了同单片机工作的流程，但同其它系统相比Arduino在很多地方更具有优越性，特别适合老师，学生和一些业余爱好者们使用：便宜－和其它平台相比，Arduino板算是相当便宜了。

最便宜的Arduino版本可以自己动手制作，即使是组装好的成品，其价格也不会超过200元。

跨平台－Arduino软件可以运行在Windows，Macintosh OSX，和Linux操作系统。

大部分其它的单片机系统都只能运行在Windows上。

简易的编程环境－初学者很容易就能学会使用Arduino编程环境，同时它又能为高级用户提供足够多的高级应用。

对于老师们来说，一般都能很方便的使用Processing 编程环境，所以如果学生学习过使用Processing 编程环境的话，那他们在使用Arduino开发环境的时候就会觉得很相似很熟悉。

Arduino_电子积木基础套装中文教程

DFRduino Starter kit User Manual版本号:V 0.22最后修订日：2010 09 10∙!=图表2图表3·然后从实验盒中拿出Arduino 328控制板如图：图表5开发环境图表6·将数据线的扁口一端插在电脑的USB接口上，如下图所示：图表7插好后，Arduino328控制板上的电源指示灯会被点亮，电脑上会出现一个对话框如图：然后点击这个文件夹，接着点击确定，点击下一步，会出现如图对话框：图表13.图表15图表16开发编译环境很简洁，各个功能键功能描述如下：图表17图表18图表20图表21图表22. 图表23图表24图表27COM口就选好了。

接下来点击arduino软件上的下载按钮，如图：图表29是一个金属簧片，因此插入这5个孔内的导线就被金属簧片连接在一起。

例如下图：图表32电阻和红色发光二极管是连通的，因为导线1的一端插在了电阻所在的列，这列的个孔是连通的，所以导线和电阻是通的，导线的另一端插在了发光二级管正极所在的列，Arduino 入门版使用教程 V0.2实验篇第一节多彩 led 灯实验一、发光二极管介绍1、什么是发光二极管収光二枀管简称为 LED。

由镓（Ga）不砷（AS）、磷（P）癿化合物制成癿二枀管，当电子不空穴复合时能辐射出可见光，因而可以用来制成収光二枀管，在电路及仦器中作为指示灯，戒者组成文字戒数字显示。

磷砷化镓二枀管収红光，磷化镓二枀管収绿光，碳化硅二枀管収黄光。

图 1.1 各种颜色癿収光二枀管它是半寻体二枀管癿一种，可以把电能转化成光能；常简写为 LED。

収光二枀管不普通二枀管一样是由一个 PN 结组成，也具有单向寻电性。

当给収光二枀管加上正向电压后，从 P 区注入到 N 区癿空穴和由 N 区注入到 P 区癿电子，在 PN 结附近数微米内分别不 N 区癿电子和 P 区癿空穴复合，产生自収辐射癿荧光。

丌同癿半寻体材料中电子和空穴所处癿能量状态丌同。

Arduino UNO R3 产品参考指南说明书

Product Reference ManualSKU: A000066DescriptionThe Arduino UNO R3 is the perfect board to get familiar with electronics and coding. This versatile microcontroller is equipped with the well-known ATmega328P and the ATMega 16U2 Processor.This board will give you a great ﬁrst experience within the world of Arduino.Target areas:Maker, introduction, industriesFeaturesATMega328P ProcessorMemoryAVR CPU at up to 16 MHz32KB Flash2KB SRAM1KB EEPROMSecurityPower On Reset (POR)Brown Out Detection (BOD)Peripherals2x 8-bit Timer/Counter with a dedicated period register and compare channels1x 16-bit Timer/Counter with a dedicated period register, input capture and compare channels1x USART with fractional baud rate generator and start-of-frame detection1x controller/peripheral Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)1x Dual mode controller/peripheral I2C1x Analog Comparator (AC) with a scalable reference inputWatchdog Timer with separate on-chip oscillatorSix PWM channelsInterrupt and wake-up on pin changeATMega16U2 Processor8-bit AVR® RISC-based microcontrollerMemory16 KB ISP Flash512B EEPROM512B SRAMdebugWIRE interface for on-chip debugging and programmingPower2.7-5.5 volts444445556677777789910101111111212131313CONTENTS1 The Board1.1 Application Examples 1.2 Related Products 2 Ratings2.1 Recommended Operating Conditions 2.2 Power Consumption 3 Functional Overview3.1 Board Topology 3.2 Processor 3.3 Power Tree 4 Board Operation4.1 Getting Started - IDE4.2 Getting Started - Arduino Web Editor 4.3 Getting Started - Arduino IoT Cloud 4.4 Sample Sketches 4.5 Online Resources 5 Connector Pinouts5.1 JANALOG 5.2 JDIGITAL5.3 Mechanical Information5.4 Board Outline & Mounting Holes 6 Certiﬁcations6.1 Declaration of Conformity CE DoC (EU)6.2 Declaration of Conformity to EU RoHS & REACH 211 01/19/20216.3 Conﬂict Minerals Declaration 7 FCC Caution8 Company Information 9 Reference Documentation 10 Revision History1 The Board1.1 Application ExamplesThe UNO board is the ﬂagship product of Arduino. Regardless if you are new to the world of electronics or will use the UNO as a tool for education purposes or industry-related tasks.First entry to electronics: If this is your ﬁrst project within coding and electronics, get started with our most used and documented board; Arduino UNO. It is equipped with the well-known ATmega328P processor, 14 digital input/output pins, 6 analog inputs, USB connections, ICSP header and reset button. This board includes everything you will need for a great ﬁrst experience with Arduino.Industry-standard development board: Using the Arduino UNO board in industries, there are a range of companies using the UNO board as the brain for their PLC’s.Education purposes: Although the UNO board has been with us for about ten years, it is still widely used for various education purposes and scientiﬁc projects. The board's high standard and top quality performance makes it a great resource to capture real time from sensors and to trigger complex laboratory equipment to mention a few examples.1.2 Related ProductsStarter KitTinkerkit Braccio RobotExample2 Ratings2.1 Recommended Operating ConditionsSymbol Description Min Max Conservative thermal limits for the whole board:-40 °C (-40°F)85 °C ( 185°F) NOTE: In extreme temperatures, EEPROM, voltage regulator, and the crystal oscillator, might notwork as expected due to the extreme temperature conditions2.2 Power ConsumptionSymbol Description Min Typ Max Unit VINMax Maximum input voltage from VIN pad6-20V VUSBMax Maximum input voltage from USB connector- 5.5V PMax Maximum Power Consumption--xx mA 3 Functional Overview3.1 Board TopologyTop viewBoard topologyRef.Description Ref.DescriptionX1Power jack 2.1x5.5mm U1SPX1117M3-L-5 RegulatorX2USB B Connector U3ATMEGA16U2 ModulePC1EEE-1EA470WP 25V SMD Capacitor U5LMV358LIST-A.9 ICPC2EEE-1EA470WP 25V SMD Capacitor F1Chip Capacitor, High DensityD1CGRA4007-G Rectiﬁer ICSP Pin header connector (through hole 6)J-ZU4ATMEGA328P Module ICSP1Pin header connector (through hole 6)Y1ECS-160-20-4X-DU Oscillator3.2 ProcessorThe Main Processor is a ATmega328P running at up tp 20 MHz. Most of its pins are connected to the external headers, however some are reserved for internal communication with the USB Bridge coprocessor.3.3 Power TreePower tree4 Board Operation4.1 Getting Started - IDEIf you want to program your Arduino UNO while oﬄine you need to install the Arduino Desktop IDE [1] To connect the Arduino UNO to your computer, you’ll need a Micro-B USB cable. This also provides power to the board, as indicated by the LED.4.2 Getting Started - Arduino Web EditorAll Arduino boards, including this one, work out-of-the-box on the Arduino Web Editor [2], by just installing a simple plugin.The Arduino Web Editor is hosted online, therefore it will always be up-to-date with the latest features and support for all boards. Follow [3] to start coding on the browser and upload your sketches onto your board.4.3 Getting Started - Arduino IoT CloudAll Arduino IoT enabled products are supported on Arduino IoT Cloud which allows you to Log, graph and analyze sensor data, trigger events, and automate your home or business.4.4 Sample SketchesSample sketches for the Arduino XXX can be found either in the “Examples” menu in the Arduino IDE or in the “Documentation” section of the Arduino Pro website [4]4.5 Online ResourcesNow that you have gone through the basics of what you can do with the board you can explore the endless possibilities it provides by checking exciting projects on ProjectHub [5], the Arduino Library Reference [6] and the online store [7] where you will be able to complement your board with sensors, actuators and more5 Connector PinoutsPinout5.1 JANALOGPin Function Type Description1NC NC Not connected2IOREF IOREF Reference for digital logic V - connected to 5V 3Reset Reset Reset4+3V3Power+3V3 Power Rail5+5V Power+5V Power Rail6GND Power Ground7GND Power Ground8VIN Power Voltage Input9A0Analog/GPIO Analog input 0 /GPIO10A1Analog/GPIO Analog input 1 /GPIO11A2Analog/GPIO Analog input 2 /GPIO12A3Analog/GPIO Analog input 3 /GPIO13A4/SDA Analog input/I2C Analog input 4/I2C Data line14A5/SCL Analog input/I2C Analog input 5/I2C Clock line5.2 JDIGITALPin Function Type Description1D0Digital/GPIO Digital pin 0/GPIO2D1Digital/GPIO Digital pin 1/GPIO3D2Digital/GPIO Digital pin 2/GPIO4D3Digital/GPIO Digital pin 3/GPIO5D4Digital/GPIO Digital pin 4/GPIO6D5Digital/GPIO Digital pin 5/GPIO7D6Digital/GPIO Digital pin 6/GPIO8D7Digital/GPIO Digital pin 7/GPIO9D8Digital/GPIO Digital pin 8/GPIO10D9Digital/GPIO Digital pin 9/GPIO11SS Digital SPI Chip Select12MOSI Digital SPI1 Main Out Secondary In13MISO Digital SPI Main In Secondary Out14SCK Digital SPI serial clock output15GND Power Ground16AREF Digital Analog reference voltage17A4/SD4Digital Analog input 4/I2C Data line (duplicated)18A5/SD5Digital Analog input 5/I2C Clock line (duplicated)5.3 Mechanical Information5.4 Board Outline & Mounting HolesBoard outline6 Certifications6.1 Declaration of Conformity CE DoC (EU)We declare under our sole responsibility that the products above are in conformity with the essential requirements of the following EU Directives and therefore qualify for free movement within markets comprising the European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA).ROHS 2 Directive 2011/65/EUConforms to:EN50581:2012Directive 2014/35/EU. (LVD)Conforms to:EN 60950-1:2006/A11:2009/A1:2010/A12:2011/AC:2011 Directive 2004/40/EC & 2008/46/EC & 2013/35/EU,EMFConforms to:EN 62311:20086.2 Declaration of Conformity to EU RoHS & REACH 211 01/19/2021Arduino boards are in compliance with RoHS 2 Directive 2011/65/EU of the European Parliament and RoHS 3 Directive 2015/863/EU of the Council of 4 June 2015 on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment.Substance Maximum limit (ppm)Lead (Pb)1000Cadmium (Cd)100Mercury (Hg)1000Hexavalent Chromium (Cr6+)1000Poly Brominated Biphenyls (PBB)1000Poly Brominated Diphenyl ethers (PBDE)1000Bis(2-Ethylhexyl} phthalate (DEHP)1000Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP)1000Dibutyl phthalate (DBP)1000Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP)1000Exemptions: No exemptions are claimed.Arduino Boards are fully compliant with the related requirements of European Union Regulation (EC) 1907 /2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH). We declare none of the SVHCs (https://echa.europa.eu/web/guest/candidate-list-table), the Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern for authorization currently released by ECHA, is present in all products (and also package) in quantities totaling in a concentration equal or above 0.1%. To the best of our knowledge, we also declare that our products do not contain any of the substances listed on the "Authorization List" (Annex XIV of the REACH regulations) and Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC) in any signiﬁcant amounts as speciﬁed by the Annex XVII of Candidate list published by ECHA (European Chemical Agency) 1907 /2006/EC.6.3 Conflict Minerals DeclarationAs a global supplier of electronic and electrical components, Arduino is aware of our obligations with regards to laws and regulations regarding Conﬂict Minerals, speciﬁcally the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, Section 1502. Arduino does not directly source or process conﬂict minerals such as Tin, Tantalum, Tungsten, or Gold. Conﬂict minerals are contained in our products in the form of solder, or as a component in metal alloys. As part of our reasonable due diligence Arduino has contacted component suppliers within our supply chain to verify their continued compliance with the regulations. Based on the information received thus far we declare that our products contain Conﬂict Minerals sourced from conﬂict-free areas.7 FCC CautionAny Changes or modiﬁcations not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:(1) This device may not cause harmful interference(2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. FCC RF Radiation Exposure Statement:1. This Transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.2. This equipment complies with RF radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment.3. This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm between the radiator &your body.English: User manuals for license-exempt radio apparatus shall contain the following or equivalent notice in a conspicuous location in the user manual or alternatively on the device or both. This device complies with Industry Canada license-exempt RSS standard(s). Operation is subject to the following two conditions:(1) this device may not cause interference(2) this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device.French: Le présent appareil est conforme aux CNR d’Industrie Canada applicables aux appareils radio exempts de licence. L’exploitation est autorisée aux deux conditions suivantes :(1) l’ appareil nedoit pas produire de brouillage(2) l’utilisateur de l’appareil doit accepter tout brouillage radioélectrique subi, même si le brouillage est susceptible d’en compromettre le fonctionnement.IC SAR Warning:English This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20 cm between the radiator and your body.French: Lors de l’ installation et de l’ exploitation de ce dispositif, la distance entre le radiateur et le corps est d ’au moins 20 cm.Important: The operating temperature of the EUT can’t exceed 85℃ and shouldn’t be lower than -40℃. Hereby, Arduino S.r.l. declares that this product is in compliance with essential requirements and other relevant provisions of Directive 2014/53/EU. This product is allowed to be used in all EU member states.8 Company InformationCompany name Arduino S.r.lCompany Address Via Andrea Appiani 25 20900 MONZA Italy9 Reference DocumentationReference LinkArduino IDE(Desktop)https:///en/Main/SoftwareArduino IDE (Cloud)https:///editorCloud IDE Getting Started https:///projecthub/Arduino_Genuino/getting-started-with-arduino-web-editor-4b3e4aArduino Pro Website https:///proProject Hub https:///projecthub?by=part&part_id=11332&sort=trending Library Reference https:///reference/en/Online Store https:///10 Revision HistoryDate Revision Changesxx/06/20211Datasheet release。

Arduino参考手册中文版

宏定义 (37)整型常量 (38)浮点数常量 (40)数据类型 (41)void (41)boolean (42)char (43)unsigned char (43)byte (43)int (44)unsigned int (45)word (46)long (46)unsigned long (47)float (48)double (49)string (49)String(c++) (51)array (52)数据类型转换 (54)char() (54)byte() (54)int() (55)word() (55)long() (56)float() (56)变量作用域&修饰符 (57)变量作用域 (57)static (静态变量) (58)volatile (易变变量) (60)const (不可改变变量) (61)辅助工具 (62)sizeof() (sizeof运算符) (62)ASCII码表 (63)基本函数 (65)数字I/O (65)pinMode() (65)digitalWrite() (66)digitalRead() (67)模拟I/O (68)analogReference() (68)analogRead() (69)analogWrite() (70)shiftOut() (71)pulseIn() (72)时间 (73)millis() (73)delay(ms) (73)delayMicroseconds(us) (74)数学库 (75)min() (75)max() (76)abs() (76)constrain() (76)map() (77)pow() (78)sqrt() (78)三角函数 (78)sin(),cos(),tan() (78)随机数 (79)randomSeed() (79)random() (79)位操作 (80)设置中断函数 (81)a (81)achInterrupt() (81)detachInterrupt() (82)interrupts() (83)noInterrupts() (83)串口通讯 (84)begin() (84)available() (84)read() (87)flush() (88)print() (88)println() (92)write() (92)peak() (93)serialEvent() (93)在这两个常量中false更容易被定义。

Arduino编程参考手册中文版

Arduino编程参考手册首页程序结构setup()loop()控制结构ifif...elseforswitch case whiledo...whilebreakcontinuereturngoto相关语法; 分号{ 大括号// 单行注释/**/ 多行注释#define 宏定义#include 文件包含算术运算符= 赋值+ (加)- (减)* (乘)/ (除)% (取模)比较运算符== 等于!= (不等于)< (小于)> (大于)<= (小于等于)>= (大于等于)布尔运算符&& (逻辑与)|| (逻辑或) ! (逻辑非)指针运算符* 指针运算符& 地址运算符位运算& (位与)| (位或)^ (位异或)~ (位非)<< (左移)>> (右移)复合运算符++ (自加)-- (自减)+= (复合加)-= (复合减)*= (复合乘)/= (复合除)&= (复合与)|= (复合或)围HIGH | LOWINPUT | OUTPUTtrue | false整型常量浮点数常量数据类型voidbooleancharunsigned charbyteintunsigned intwordlongunsigned longfloatdoublestringString(c++)array数据类型转换char()byte()int()word()long()float()变量作用域变量作用域static (静态变量)volatile (易变变量)const (不可改变变量)辅助工具sizeof() (sizeof运算符)ASCII码表数字I/OpinMode()digitalWrite()digitalRead()模拟I/OanalogReference()analogRead()analogWrite()指高级I/OshiftOut()pulseIn()时间millis()delay(ms)delayMicroseconds(us)数学库min()max()abs()constrain()map()pow()sqrt()三角函数sin(rad)cos(rad)tan(rad)随机数randomSeed() random() random()位操作lowByte()highByte()bitRead()bitWrite()bitSet()bitClear()bit()设置中断函数attachInterrupt()detachInterrupt()interrupts()noInterrupts()串口通讯begin()available()read()flushprint()println()write()peak()serialEvent()程序结构(本节直译自Arduino官网最新Reference)在Arduino中, 标准的程序入口main函数在部被定义, 用户只需要关心以下两个函数:setup()当Arduino板起动时setup()函数会被调用。

Arduino UNO Mini 限量版产品参考手册说明书

Product Reference ManualSKU: ABX00062DescriptionWe are celebrating the anniversary of our ﬂagship board, Arduino UNO, by producing a just as eﬀective and versatile miniature: The Arduino UNO Mini. This board is, just as its big brother, equipped with the ATMega328P and the ATMega 16U2 Processor, but is updated with USB-C connector.Target Areas:Hobby-making, future-shaping, engineering, designing, problem-solvingFeaturesATMega328P Processor AVR CPU at up to 16 MHzMemory32KB Flash2KB SRAM1KB EEPROMSecurity Power On Reset (POR)Brown out Detection (BOD)Peripherals2x 8-bit Timer/Counter with a dedicated period register andcompare channels1x 16-bit Timer/Counter with a dedicated period register, inputcapture and compare channels1x USART with fractional baud rate generator and start-of-framedetection1x controller/peripheral Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)1x Dual mode controller/peripheral I2C1x Analog Comparator (AC) with a scalable reference inputWatchdog Timer with separate on-chip oscillatorSix PWM channelsInterrupt and wake-up on pin changeATMega16U2Processor8-bit AVR® RISC-based microcontrollerMemory 16 KB ISP Flash \ 512B EEPROM 512 SRAM debugWIRE interface for on-chip debuggingPower 2.7-5.5 volts444445556677777788999101011121212CONTENTS1 The Board1.1 Application Examples 1.2 Related Products 2 Ratings2.1 Recommended Operating Conditions 2.2 Power Consumption 3 Functional Overview3.1 Board Topology 3.2 Processor 3.3 Power Tree 4 Board Operation4.1 Getting Started - IDE4.2 Getting Started - Arduino Web Editor 4.3 Getting Started - Arduino IoT Cloud 4.4 Sample Sketches 4.5 Online Resources 4.6 Board Recovery 5 Connector Pinouts 6 Mechanical Information 7 Certiﬁcations7.1 Declaration of Conformity CE DoC (EU)7.2 Declaration of Conformity to EU RoHS & REACH 211 01/19/20217.3 Conﬂict Minerals Declaration 8 FCC Caution9 Company Information 10 Reference Documentation 11 Revision History1 The Board1.1 Application ExamplesThe UNO Mini is a smaller version of the Arduino UNO - to celebrate a successful decade. The UNO Mini Limited Edition is a collector's item for Arduino lovers.A tribute board: The UNO Mini Limited Edition is a special variant of the Arduino UNO. Despite the small size, it is equipped with both the ATmega328P and the ATMega16U2, as well as the 14 digital input/output pins, 6 analog inputs, USB connection, ICSP header and reset button. This board includes everything you will need for a great ﬁrst experience with Arduino.Industry-standard development board: The Arduino UNO Mini board can be used in a range of diﬀerent companies and industries, as the brain for various PLC’s.Education purposes: This is a perfect board to use for various education purposes and scientiﬁc projects. The board's high standard and top quality performance makes it a great resource to capture real time from sensors and to trigger complex laboratory equipment to mention a few examples.1.2 Related ProductsStarter KitTinkerkit Braccio Robot2 Ratings2.1 Recommended Operating ConditionsConservative thermal limits for the whole board:-40 °C (-40°F)85 °C ( 185°F) NOTE: In extreme temperatures, EEPROM, voltage regulator, and the crystal oscillator, might not work as expected due to the extreme temperature conditions2.2 Power ConsumptionVINMax Maximum input voltage from VIN pad6-20V VUSBMax Maximum input voltage from USB connector- 5.5V PMax Maximum Power Consumption55 mAh-500 mA3 Functional Overview3.1 Board TopologyBoard topology, TopRef.DescriptionJ1USB C Connector J7GroundJ26x Connector pin (female)U1ATMEGA16U2 ModuleJ38x Connector pin (female)U2ATMEGA328P ModuleJ48x Connector pin (female)U5MPM3610AGQV-PIC StpDwn-CONV.21V 1.2AJ510x Connector pin (female)Y1Crystal oscillatorJ6Input voltage Y2Crystal oscillator3.2 ProcessorThe Main Processor is a ATmega328P running at up tp 20 MHz. Most of its pins are connected to the external headers, however some are reserved for internal communication with the USB Bridge coprocessor.3.3 Power TreePower tree4 Board Operation4.1 Getting Started - IDEIf you want to program your Arduino UNO Mini while oﬄine you need to install the Arduino Desktop IDE [1] To connect the Arduino UNO Mini to your computer, you’ll need a Micro-C USB cable. This also provides power to the board, as indicated by the LED.4.2 Getting Started - Arduino Web EditorAll Arduino boards, including this one, work out-of-the-box on the Arduino Web Editor [2], by just installing a simple plugin.The Arduino Web Editor is hosted online, therefore it will always be up-to-date with the latest features and support for all boards. Follow [3] to start coding on the browser and upload your sketches onto your board.4.3 Getting Started - Arduino IoT CloudAll Arduino IoT enabled products are supported on Arduino IoT Cloud which allows you to Log, graph and analyze sensor data, trigger events, and automate your home or business.4.4 Sample SketchesSample sketches for the Arduino UNO Mini can be found either in the “Examples” menu in the Arduino IDE or in the “Documentation” section of the Arduino Pro website [4]4.5 Online ResourcesNow that you have gone through the basics of what you can do with the board you can explore the endless possibilities it provides by checking exciting projects on ProjectHub [5], the Arduino Library Reference [6] and the online store [7] where you will be able to complement your board with sensors, actuators and more4.6 Board RecoveryAll Arduino boards have a built-in bootloader which allows ﬂashing the board via USB. In case a sketch locks up the processor and the board is not reachable anymore via USB it is possible to enter bootloader mode by double-tapping the reset button right after power up.5 Connector PinoutsPinout6 Mechanical InformationBoard outline7 Certifications7.1 Declaration of Conformity CE DoC (EU)We declare under our sole responsibility that the products above are in conformity with the essential requirements of the following EU Directives and therefore qualify for free movement within markets comprising the European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA).Conforms to:EN50581:2012Directive 2014/35/EU. (LVD)Conforms to:EN 60950-1:2006/A11:2009/A1:2010/A12:2011/AC:2011 Directive 2004/40/EC & 2008/46/EC & 2013/35/EU,EMFConforms to:EN 62311:20087.2 Declaration of Conformity to EU RoHS & REACH 211 01/19/2021Arduino boards are in compliance with RoHS 2 Directive 2011/65/EU of the European Parliament and RoHS 3 Directive 2015/863/EU of the Council of 4 June 2015 on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment.Lead (Pb)1000Cadmium (Cd)100Mercury (Hg)1000Hexavalent Chromium (Cr6+)1000Poly Brominated Biphenyls (PBB)1000Poly Brominated Diphenyl ethers (PBDE)1000Bis(2-Ethylhexyl} phthalate (DEHP)1000Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP)1000Dibutyl phthalate (DBP)1000Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP)1000Exemptions : No exemptions are claimed.Arduino Boards are fully compliant with the related requirements of European Union Regulation (EC) 1907 /2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH). We declare none of the SVHCs (https://echa.europa.eu/web/guest/candidate-list-table), the Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern for authorization currently released by ECHA, is present in all products (and also package) in quantities totaling in a concentration equal or above 0.1%. To the best of our knowledge, we also declare that our products do not contain any of the substances listed on the "Authorization List" (Annex XIV of the REACH regulations) and Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC) in any signiﬁcant amounts as speciﬁed by the Annex XVII of Candidate list published by ECHA (European Chemical Agency) 1907 /2006/EC.7.3 Conflict Minerals DeclarationAs a global supplier of electronic and electrical components, Arduino is aware of our obligations with regards to laws and regulations regarding Conﬂict Minerals, speciﬁcally the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, Section 1502. Arduino does not directly source or process conﬂict minerals such as Tin, Tantalum, Tungsten, or Gold. Conﬂict minerals are contained in our products in the form of solder, or as a component in metal alloys. As part of our reasonable due diligence Arduino has contacted component suppliers within our supply chain to verify their continued compliance with the regulations. Based on the information received thus far we declare that our products contain Conﬂict Minerals sourced from conﬂict-free areas.8 FCC CautionAny Changes or modiﬁcations not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:(1) This device may not cause harmful interference(2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. FCC RF Radiation Exposure Statement:1. This Transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.2. This equipment complies with RF radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment.3. This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm between the radiator &your body.English: User manuals for licence-exempt radio apparatus shall contain the following or equivalent notice in a conspicuous location in the user manual or alternatively on the device or both. This device complies with Industry Canada licence-exempt RSS standard(s). Operation is subject to the following two conditions:(1) this device may not cause interference(2) this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device.French: Le présent appareil est conforme aux CNR d’Industrie Canada applicables aux appareils radio exempts de licence. L’exploitation est autorisée aux deux conditions suivantes :(1) l’ appareil nedoit pas produire de brouillage(2) l’utilisateur de l’appareil doit accepter tout brouillage radioélectrique subi, même si le brouillage est susceptible d’en compromettre le fonctionnement.IC SAR Waring:English This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20 cm between the radiator and your body.French: Lors de l’ installation et de l’ exploitation de ce dispositif, la distance entre le radiateur et le corps est d ’au moins 20 cm.Important: The operating temperature of the EUT can’t exceed 85℃ and shouldn’t be lower than -40℃. Hereby, Arduino S.r.l. declares that this product is in compliance with essential requirements and other relevant provisions of Directive 2014/53/EU. This product is allowed to be used in all EU member states.9 Company InformationCompany Address Via Andrea Appiani 25 20900 MONZA Italy 10 Reference DocumentationArduino IDE(Desktop)https:///en/Main/SoftwareArduino IDE (Cloud)https:///editorCloud IDE Getting Started https:///projecthub/Arduino_Genuino/getting-started-with-arduino-web-editor-4b3e4aArduino Docs https:///Project Hub https:///projecthubLibrary Reference https:///reference/en/Online Store https:///11 Revision History24/11/20211Datasheet release。

ArduinoMega2560使用手册(可编辑修改word版)

ATmega2560，参见[[]]。
ATmega16U2 的 Firmware（固件）也可以通过 DFU 工具升级，
参见[[]]。
物理特征
Arduino Mega2560 的最大尺寸为 4 x 2.1 inches。注意要点
Arduino Mega2560 上 USB 口附近有一个可重置的保险丝，对电路起到保护作用。当电流超过 500mA 是会断开 USB 连接。
在 AREF 处增加了两个管脚 SDA 和 SCL，支持 I2C 接口；增加 IOREF 和一个预留管脚，将来扩展板将能兼容 5V 和 3.3V 核心板。
改进了复位电路设计。
USB 接口芯片由 ATmega16U2 替代了 ATmega8U2。
概要
处理器 ATmega2560 工作电压 5V 输入电压（推荐） 7-12V 输入电压（范围） 6-20V 数字 IO 脚 54 (其中 16 路作为 PWM 输出）模拟输入脚 16 IO 脚直流电流 40 mA 3.3V 脚直流电流 50 mA
硬件设计文件（Eagle 文件） /en/uploads/Main/arduino-mega2560reference-design.zip
引脚图 /en/Hacking/PinMapping2560 电源 Arduino Mega2560 可以通过 3 种方式供电，而且能自动选择供电方式
Arduino Mega2560 提供了自动复位设计，可以通过主机复位。这样通过 Arduino 软件下在程序到 Mega2560 中软件可以自动复位，不需要在复位按钮。在印制板上丝印"RESET EN"处可以使能和禁止该功能。
LED（13 号）：Arduino 专门用于测试 LED 的保留接口，输出为高时点亮 LED，反之输出为低时 LED 熄灭。

Arduino_Mega_2560使用手册(2021年整理精品文档)

Arduino_Mega_2560使用手册编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（Arduino_Mega_2560使用手册）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。

同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。

本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步，以下为Arduino_Mega_2560使用手册的全部内容。

来源：http：/// Arduino Mega2560简介Arduino Mega2560也是采用USB接口的核心电路板，它最大的特点就是具有多达54路数字输入输出,特别适合需要大量IO接口的设计。

Mega2560的处理器核心是ATmega2560，同时具有54路数字输入/输出口（其中16路可作为PWM输出），16路模拟输入，4路UART接口，一个16MHz晶体振荡器,一个USB口，一个电源插座，一个ICSP header和一个复位按钮。

Arduino Mega2560也能兼容为Arduino UNO设计的扩展板。

Arduino Mega2560已经发布到第三版，与前两版相比有以下新的特点：在AREF处增加了两个管脚SDA和SCL,支持I2C接口；增加IOREF和一个预留管脚，将来扩展板将能兼容5V和3。

3V核心板。

改进了复位电路设计。

USB接口芯片由ATmega16U2替代了ATmega8U2。

概要▪处理器 ATmega2560▪工作电压 5V▪输入电压(推荐) 7-12V▪输入电压(范围） 6—20V▪数字IO脚 54 (其中16路作为PWM输出）▪模拟输入脚 16▪IO脚直流电流 40 mA▪ 3.3V脚直流电流 50 mA▪Flash Memory 256 KB （ATmega328，其中8 KB 用于 bootloader)▪SRAM 8 KB▪EEPROM 4 KB▪工作时钟 16 MHz电路图和PCB▪电路图http：///en/uploads/Main/arduino—mega2560-schematic。

Arduino最全的中文教程

Arduino 使用教程 DreamFactory 0Arduino 使用教程梦工厂Arduino 控制器控制器使用使用使用教程教程Arduino 使用教程梦工厂概述什么什么是是Arduino?Arduino 是一块基与开放原始代码的Simple i/o 平台，並且具有使用类似java,C 语言的开发环境。

让您可以快速使用Arduino 语言与Flash 或Processing…等软件，作出互动作品。

Arduino 可以使用开发完成的电子元件例如Switch 或Sensors 或其他控制器、ＬＥＤ、步进电机或其他输出裝置。

Arduino 也可以独立运作成为一个可以跟软件沟通的平台，例如说：flash processing Max/MSP VVVV 或其他互动软件…Arduino 开发ＩＤＥ界面基于开放原始码原则，可以让您免费下载使用开发出更多令人惊奇的互动作品。

什么什么是是Roboduino?DFRduino 与Arduino 完全兼容，只是在原来的基础上作了些改进。

Arduino 的IO 使用的孔座，做互动作品需要面包板和针线搭配才能进行，而DFRduino 的IO 使用针座，使用我们的杜邦线就可以直接把各种传感器连接到DFRduino 上。

特色描述1．开放原始码的电路图设计，程式开发界面免费下载，也可依需求自己修改!! 2． DFRduino 可使用ISP 下载线，自我將新的IC 程序烧入「bootloader」； 3．可依据官方电路图，简化DFRduino 模组，完成独立云作的微处理控制器；4．可简单地与传感器、各式各样的电子元件连接(如：红外线,超声波,热敏电阻,光敏电阻,伺服电机等)； 5．支援多样的互动程式如: Flash,Max/Msp,VVVV,PD,C,Processing 等； 6．使用低价格的微处理控制器(ATMEGA168V-10PI)； 7． USB 接口，不需外接电源，另外有提供9VDC 输入接口；8．应用方面，利用DFRduino ，突破以往只能使用滑鼠，键盘，CCD 等输入的裝置的互动內容，可以更简单地达成单人或多人游戏互动。

arduino进阶套件V2.0用户手册

用户可以在互联网上分享传播，以方便更多人，但必须保证手册的完整性。

前言2013年5月，YFROBOT工作室对原有的Arduino入门套件进行了更新升级，推出了Arduino 进阶套件。

这份《Arduino入门与提高》是升级套件推出的第一版使用手册，它存在的目的：让不懂Arduino的用户更快的上手，让入门的用户有更多玩的。

希望大家掌握基础知识后，能够更快的投入到实际应用中去，去做一些小项目，而不是一直停留在做小实验，搭线这些初级体力劳动上。

《Arduino入门与提高》手册里每一篇实验都图文并茂，所用到的器件及实验插图均为实物拍摄，每一个程序同样都经过严格的实验认证，并努力做到详细。

对于刚入门的初阶用户而言，我们推荐您从头开始，从最简单的实验开始，循序渐进，才能有所提高。

不能说觉得液晶好玩，一开始就去做液晶显示的实验，这样往往都不会成功，因为液晶的实验我们可能用到外部的扩展库，如果前面的章节你不去了解，就会增加困惑，间接的也浪费了时间。

我们要抱着学习的心态，即使是再简单的实验也不放过，并能够做到举一反三进行扩展，这样才更容易学到知识。

对于一些来源于网络或者其他渠道的资料，我们有义务保证资料正确详尽，并进行实验认证。

限于篇幅无法概全的内容，我们也都会注明出处，有兴趣的用户可以深入了解。

《Arduino入门与提高》手册的编写凝聚了YFROBOT工程师大量的心血，因此仅作为进阶套件的使用说明书，您可以随意在网上传播，但必须手册的完整性，本手册严禁用于商业用途。

对于商用的行为，表示强烈的鄙视，并保留追究法律责任的权利。

YFROBOT团队2013年5月v1.0版ARDUINO官方网址：YFROBOT论坛地址：更新说明修订版本升级内容V1.02013.051、初始版本V1.1 2013.08 1、增加实验平台2、增加点阵显示单元3、修正部分插图BUGV1.2 2013.12 1、1602LCD液晶升级IIC 1602 LCD 液晶2、半幅面包板（400孔）升级MB102 大面包板（830孔）3、双倍面积实验平台4、增加6节电池盒5、新增电阻收纳盒（3个）6、新增触控开关模块7、修正手册内容V1.3 2014.07 1、增加蓝牙无线传输模块2、增加液晶显示线序定义标签V2.0 2014.09 增加74HC164集成芯片增加DS1302时钟显示增加直流电机及风扇增加U型光电开关增加红外发射管对包装盒进行全面升级一、Arduino UNO介绍1.简介A rduino是一个开源电子成型平台基于灵活、易于使用的硬件和软件。

Arduino Braccio Carrier 产品参考手册说明书

Product Reference ManualSKU: ABX00032DescriptionArduino® Braccio Carrier is an add-on board that sits on top of your favorite Arduino Educational existing product line providing faster prototyping in increasing demands for robotics and automation. The tailor-made Arduino®Braccio Carrier has a collection of features that enables quick and easy learning while building small projects. Target AreasRobotics, Automation, Education, Gaming, CommunicationFeaturesMaxLinear SP335 TransceiverMultiprotocol transceiver supporting RS-232, RS-485, and RS-422 serial standards Data rates of 20 Mbps in RS-485/422 modes and up to 1Mbps in RS-232±15kV ESD protectionSupply voltage from 3V to 5.5VDisplay ConnectorFlexible ﬂat cable and ﬂexible printed circuit connector with 0.5mm spacingOperating temperature up to 105°CMax current for one contact is 0.5ARobust, reliable and easy to operate for automatic mounting and SMT processesRight angle mountingPlastic tape packagingMini Joystick ConnectorProgrammable USB Type-C ConnectorESD Protection4- and 5-line unidirectional transil function for electrostatic discharge protectionLow-leakage current: < 500 nAPCB Area: < 2.6 mm244445566667891010101010101212121331515161616Contents1 The Board1.1 Application Examples 1.2 Related Products2 Technical Speciﬁcation Overview2.1 Peripherals2.2 Connectors & I/O Port 3 Ratings3.1 Recommended Operating Conditions 4 Functional Overview4.1 Block Diagram 4.2 Board Topology 4.3 Processor 4.4 Power Tree 5 Board Operation5.1 Getting Started - IDE 5.2 Sample Sketches 5.3 Online Resources 5.4 Board Recovery 6 Connector Pinouts 7 Mechanical Information7.1 Board Outline 7.2 Board Mount Holes8 Declaration of Conformity CE DoC (EU)9 Declaration of Conformity to EU RoHS & REACH 211 01/19/202110 Conﬂict Minerals Declaration 11 FCC Caution12 Company Information 13 Reference Documentation 14 Revision History1 The BoardThe custom-made Arduino® Braccio Carrier provides a wide range of connectivity capabilities to the Arduino®Educational boards. For easy to learn and play around prototyping robotic and smart automation projects in and out of classrooms, Arduino® Braccio Carrier features interfaces for display, servo motors and joystick. Along with high-speed RS-485/422 and RS-232 serial communication, the carrier board oﬀers huge support for several accessories through the IO headers. In situations of long-range operations, RS-485 can support several devices on the same bus in a noisy environment. The board has robust electrostatic discharge protection circuitry to keep the components safe.1.1 Application ExamplesSmart Automation: The industry-standard RS-232 and RS-485/422 serial communication support forArduino® Braccio Carrier has made it possible to implement smart automation IoT projects for a wide range of projects. The low-power carrier board enables students to take advantage of the onboard connectors and play with the Arduino® hardware for the enhanced learning experienceRobotic Arm: Through servo motor connector supporting up to a total of 6 motors has given a chance to demonstrate robotic application including RC Car. Some of the most interesting robotic applications with faster prototyping come from the student community for various problem statements.Gaming: Thanks to the Mini Joystick connector provided on the Arduino® Braccio Carrier carrier board which facilitates the implementation of LCD gaming options. Interfacing Mini Joystick with the carrier boardintegrated with a powerful Arduino® board can deliver some really exciting projects.1.2 Related ProductsArduino® Nano RP2040 Connect.2 Technical Specification OverviewFollowing information outlines the technical overview of the Arduino® Braccio Carrier.2.1 PeripheralsJAX133T-IF05Display module to allow Braccio ++ to deploy visual information. The module is based on 240RGBX240 Dot-Matrix TFT LCD via FPC interface. It is possible to interconnect via Display Connector J1 found onArduino® Braccio Carrier.Compatible ConnectorJ1 (Display CONN)Switronic IT-1501-GJoystick module to allow Braccio ++ manoeuvre. It is possible to interconnect via J3 & J4 Board Connector found on Arduino® Braccio Carrier.Compatible ConnectorJ3 & J4 Board CONN2.2 Connectors & I/O PortDisplay Connector J1Connector available to interface the JAX133T-IF05 display module.Connector Ref.Maximum Electrical Operating Range Maximum Temperature Operating Range J10.5A per Contact105°CJ3 & J4 Board ConnectorBoard splitter which allows to interface display and joystick at a distance, from which all the motor wire interfaces arrive.Molex 44914-0601Rectangular power connector with 6 contacts. Available for external power supply and for servo line.No. Connectors Maximum Electrical Operating Range Maximum Temperature Operating Range 2*********-40°C ~ +105°CAdam Equipment LHA-04-TSConnectors available to interface with motors. RS485 smart motors compatible, derived by conﬁguration of 4x SR418D and 2x SR312 models. Lead free and RoHS Compliant.No. Connectors Maximum Electrical Operating Range Maximum Temperature Operating Range 6250VAC @ 3A-25°C ~ +85°CUSB-C PortUSB 3.1 port available to enable program upload, and power supply source port for Arduino® BraccioCarrier.USB Version USB Type PurposeUSB Version USB Type Purpose3.1C-Type (Reversible)Program Upload & Power SupplyESLOV ConnectorThe connector provides the capability of module's automatic conﬁguration and handle the sleep state for low power mode. Connector is designated with J2 reference, providing 5 pins for interrupt and I2Cprotocol at 5V.Connector Ref.Operating Voltage Line FeatureJ25V I2C Protocol + Interrupt3 Ratings3.1 Recommended Operating ConditionsDescription Min Max Conservative thermal limits for the whole board:-40 °C85 °C 4 Functional Overview4.1 Block DiagramArduino Braccio Carrier System Block DiagramThe USB powers the Arduino® Nano RP2040 Connect which is the heart of the Braccio Carrier as it stores the programs responsible for the functioning of the whole system. The Nano is connected to the joystick which is theinput peripheral and LED display screen which is the output peripheral of the microcontroller. Another power supply via USB-C powers the connected motors which constitute the entire robotics functionality the system. RS485 Transceiver signals the motor connector for the precise motihe motors according to the input given by the user.Arduino® Braccio Carrier Block Diagram4.2 Board TopologyP B 2U1U3U4J 1J2PB1J 4J 3J 8Arduino® Braccio Carrier Top ViewRef.Description Ref.Description PB1Pushbutton SMD PB2Mini Joystick U124 Bit I2C SMBUS I/O U4Line Transceiver J1CONN FPC SMD J2CONN JST 5 POS J3Board ConnectorJ4Board Connector U3Power Supply Support CircuitJ8USB 3.1 Type C4.3 ProcessorPrimary processor of Arduino® Braccio Carrier is the processor of the Arduino® Nano RP2040 Connectmicrocontroller mounted on it. The microcontroller controls every operation of the Braccio Carrier for the target applications via connections with motors and LED display screen.4.4 Power TreeBraccio Carrier Power Tree5 Board Operation5.1 Getting Started - IDEIf you want to program your Arduino® Braccio Carrier while oﬄine you need to install the Arduino® Desktop IDE [1] To connect the Arduino® Braccio Carrier to your computer, you’ll need a Type-B USB cable. This also provides power to the board, as indicated by the LED.5.2 Sample SketchesSample sketches for the Arduino® Braccio Carrier can be found either in the “Examples” menu in the Arduino® IDE 5.3 Online ResourcesNow that you have gone through the basics of what you can do with the board you can explore the endless possibilities it provides by checking exciting projects on Project Hub [2], the Arduino® Library Reference [3] and the online store [4] where you will be able to complement your board with sensors, actuators and more.5.4 Board RecoveryAll Arduino® boards have a built-in bootloader which allows ﬂashing the board via USB. In case a sketch locks up the processor and the board is not reachable anymore via USB it is possible to enter bootloader mode by double-tapping the reset button right after power up.6 Connector PinoutsBraccio Carrier Pinout7 Mechanical Information7.1 Board Outline24.00mm10.00m m58.50m m78.50m m122.00mm Outline7.2 Board Mount HolesØ3.20mm3.30mm 3.30mm19.00mm23.75mmØ2.00mm24.70m m20.90mm 28.50m m35.50mm11.00mmMount HolesCertifications8 Declaration of Conformity CE DoC (EU)We declare under our sole responsibility that the products above are in conformity with the essential requirements of the following EU Directives and therefore qualify for free movement within markets comprising the European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA).9 Declaration of Conformity to EU RoHS & REACH 21101/19/2021Arduino® boards are in compliance with RoHS 2 Directive 2011/65/EU of the European Parliament and RoHS 3 Directive 2015/863/EU of the Council of 4 June 2015 on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment.Substance Maximum Limit (ppm)Lead (Pb)1000Cadmium (Cd)100Mercury (Hg)1000Hexavalent Chromium (Cr6+)1000Poly Brominated Biphenyls (PBB)1000Poly Brominated Diphenyl ethers (PBDE)1000Bis(2-Ethylhexyl} phthalate (DEHP)1000Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP)1000Dibutyl phthalate (DBP)1000Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP)1000Exemptions : No exemptions are claimed.Arduino® Boards are fully compliant with the related requirements of European Union Regulation (EC) 1907 /2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH). We declare none of the SVHCs (https://echa.europa.eu/web/guest/candidate-list-table), the Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern for authorization currently released by ECHA, is present in all products (and also package) in quantities totaling in a concentration equal or above 0.1%. To the best of our knowledge, we also declare that our products do not contain any of the substances listed on the "Authorization List" (Annex XIV of the REACH regulations) and Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC) in any signiﬁcant amounts as speciﬁed by the Annex XVII of Candidate list published by ECHA (European Chemical Agency) 1907 /2006/EC.10 Conflict Minerals DeclarationAs a global supplier of electronic and electrical components, Arduino® is aware of our obligations with regards to laws and regulations regarding Conﬂict Minerals, speciﬁcally the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, Section 1502. Arduino® does not directly source or process conﬂict minerals such as Tin, Tantalum, Tungsten, or Gold. Conﬂict minerals are contained in our products in the form of solder, or as a component in metal alloys. As part of our reasonable due diligence Arduino® has contacted component suppliers within our supply chain to verify their continued compliance with the regulations. Based on the information received thus far we declare that our products contain Conﬂict Minerals sourced from conﬂict-free areas.11 FCC CautionAny Changes or modiﬁcations not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:(1) This device may not cause harmful interference(2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. FCC RF Radiation Exposure Statement:1. This Transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.2. This equipment complies with RF radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment.3. This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm between the radiator &your body.English: User manuals for license-exempt radio apparatus shall contain the following or equivalent notice in a conspicuous location in the user manual or alternatively on the device or both. This device complies with Industry Canada license-exempt RSS standard(s). Operation is subject to the following two conditions:(1) this device may not cause interference(2) this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device.French: Le présent appareil est conforme aux CNR d’Industrie Canada applicables aux appareils radio exempts de licence. L’exploitation est autorisée aux deux conditions suivantes :(1) l’ appareil nedoit pas produire de brouillage(2) l’utilisateur de l’appareil doit accepter tout brouillage radioélectrique subi, même si le brouillage est susceptible d’en compromettre le fonctionnement.IC SAR Warning:English This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20 cm between the radiator and your body.French Lors de l’ installation et de l’ exploitation de ce dispositif, la distance entre le radiateur et le corps est d ’au moins 20 cm.Important: The operating temperature of the EUT can’t exceed 85℃ and shouldn’t be lower than -40℃. Hereby, Arduino S.r.l. declares that this product is in compliance with essential requirements and other relevant provisions of Directive 201453/EU. This product is allowed to be used in all EU member states.Frequency bands Maximum output power (ERP)2400-2483.5 Mhz17 dBm12 Company InformationCompany name Arduino SRLCompany Address Via Andrea Appiani 25 - 20900 Monza (MB), Italy13 Reference DocumentationRef LinkArduino IDE (Desktop)https:///en/Main/SoftwareProject Hub https:///projecthub?by=part&part_id=11332&sort=trending Library Reference https:///reference/en/libraries/Online Store https:///14 Revision HistoryDate Revision Changes23/03/20221First Release。

Arduino-SPI模块官方手册翻译

1.串行外围设备接口入门（Introduction to the Serial Peripheral Interface）Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)是一种同步串行数据传输协议，用于近距离时，微控制器(Microcontrollers)，如Arduino，与其他外围设备的快速通信。

他也可以用于2个微控制器的通讯。

SPI通讯通常有一个主设备（通常是Microcontrollers），用于控制外围设备。

通常会有3种线路通用于各类设备的方法。

-Master In Slave Out（MISO）- Slave line，用于Slave向Master发送数据-Master Out Slave In（MOSI）- Master line，用于Master向Slave发送数据-Serial Clock（SCK）- 时钟脉冲，主设备用于同步数据传输-Slave Select pin- 分配给所有的设备，用于enable/disable指定的设备，同时用于避免由于线路忙导致的错误传输。

SPI最大的问题在于它的标准太不严格了，这导致各个设备在实现它的时候都有一些不同，这就意味着当我们在编写接口代码的时候必须仔细阅读设备数据参数。

通常来说有编号为0-3的3种传输模式（不是4种么？）这些模式控制数据是在时钟信号的高电平还是低电平传入或传出，以及在高或低电平时时钟无效。

所有的SPI设置都由Arduino SPI控制寄存器（SPCR）来决定。

这个寄存器就是微控制器内存的一个字节，它是可读写的。

寄存器提供的服务通常有3类：控制、数据和状态。

控制寄存器（SPCR）编码设置控制多种微控制器的功能。

通常控制寄存器中的一个位影响某个特定的设置，比如速度和极性（这个是啥？）数据寄存器（SPDR）仅仅hold住了一个字节。

比如，SPI数据寄存器hold住了要发往MOSI线的一个字节，或者这个数据是要从MISO线传入的。

(完整)Arduino参考手册中文版

Arduino编程参考手册控制语句 (5)if (5)if。

.。

else (6)for (7)switch case (9)while (10)do。

.while (11)break (11)continue (12)return (12)goto (13)相关语法 (14)分号 (14)大括号 (14)注释 (16)define (17)include (18)算术运算符 (19)赋值 (19)加，减,乘，除 (19)取模 (20)比较运算符 (22)if（条件) and ==， !=, 〈，〉 (比较运算符) (22)布尔运算符 (23)指针运算符 (24)位运算 (25)位与 (25)位或 (26)位异或 (28)位非 (29)左移、右移 (30)复合运算符 (32)自加++ (32)自减—— (32)复合加+= (32)复合减—= (32)复合乘*= (32)复合除/= (33)复合与&= (33)复合或|= (33)变量 (33)常量 (33)宏定义 (34)整型常量 (35)浮点数常量 (37)数据类型 (37)void (37)boolean (38)char (39)unsigned char (39)byte (40)int (40)unsigned int (41)word (42)long (42)unsigned long (42)float (43)double (45)string (45)String(c++） (46)array (47)数据类型转换 (49)char（) (49)byte(） (49)int（) (50)word() (50)long(） (50)float（) (51)变量作用域＆修饰符 (51)变量作用域 (51)static (静态变量） (52)volatile (易变变量） (54)const （不可改变变量) (55)辅助工具 (56)sizeof（）（sizeof运算符) (56)ASCII码表 (57)基本函数 (59)数字I/O (59)pinMode(） (59)digitalWrite(） (60)digitalRead(） (61)模拟I/O (62)analogReference（） (62)analogRead() (62)analogWrite(） (63)高级I/O (64)shiftOut(） (64)pulseIn() (65)时间 (66)millis（) (66)delay(ms) (67)delayMicroseconds（us） (68)数学库 (68)min() (68)max（） (69)abs（） (69)constrain(） (69)map() (69)pow（） (71)sqrt() (71)三角函数 (71)sin(），cos（）,tan（) (71)随机数 (71)randomSeed（） (71)random(） (72)位操作 (72)设置中断函数 (73)a (73)achInterrupt() (73)detachInterrupt() (75)interrupts() (75)noInterrupts（） (75)串口通讯 (76)begin(） (76)available（） (77)read（) (78)flush(） (80)print（) (80)println(） (83)write（） (83)peak(） (84)serialEvent(） (84)程序结构（本节直译自Arduino官网最新Reference）在Arduino中，标准的程序入口main函数在内部被定义，用户只需要关心以下两个函数：setup()当Arduino板起动时setup(）函数会被调用。

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Arduino编程参考手册if (5)if...else . (6)for (8)switch case (10)while (11)do...while. (12)break (12)continue (13)return (14)goto (15)相关语法 (16)分号 (16)大括号 (16)注释 (18)define (19)include (20)算术运算符 (21)赋值 (21)加，减，乘，除 (21)取模 (22)比较运算符 (24)if(条件) and ==, !=, <, > (比较运算符) (24)布尔运算符 (26)指针运算符 (27)位运算 (27)位与 (27)位或 (28)位异或 (30)位非 (32)左移、右移 (33)复合运算符 (35)自加++ (35)自减-- (35)复合加+= (35)复合减-= (36)复合乘*= (36)复合除/= (36)复合与&= (36)复合或|= (36)变量 (36)宏定义 (38)整型常量 (39)浮点数常量 (41)数据类型 (41)void (41)boolean (42)char (43)unsigned char (43)byte (44)int (44)unsigned int (45)word (46)long (46)unsigned long (47)float (48)double (49)string (49)String(c++) (51)array (52)数据类型转换 (54)char() (54)byte() (54)int() (54)word() (55)long() (55)float() (56)变量作用域&修饰符 (56)变量作用域 (56)static (静态变量) (57)volatile (易变变量) (59)const (不可改变变量) (61)辅助工具 (61)sizeof() (sizeof运算符) (61)ASCII码表 (63)基本函数 (64)数字I/O (64)pinMode() (64)digitalWrite() (65)digitalRead() (67)模拟I/O (68)analogReference() (68)analogRead() (68)analogWrite() (69)shiftOut() (71)pulseIn() (72)时间 (73)millis() (73)delay(ms) (73)delayMicroseconds(us) (74)数学库 (75)min() (75)max() (75)abs() (76)constrain() (76)map() (76)pow() (78)sqrt() (78)三角函数 (78)sin(),cos(),tan() (78)随机数 (78)randomSeed() (78)random() (79)位操作 (79)设置中断函数 (80)a (80)achInterrupt() (80)detachInterrupt() (82)interrupts() (82)noInterrupts() (83)串口通讯 (83)begin() (84)available() (84)read() (86)flush() (87)print() (87)println() (91)write() (91)peak() (92)serialEvent() (92)程序结构(本节直译自Arduino官网最新Reference)在Arduino中, 标准的程序入口main函数在内部被定义, 用户只需要关心以下两个函数:setup()当Arduino板起动时setup()函数会被调用。

用它来初始化变量，引脚模式，开始使用某个库，等等。

该函数在Arduino 板的每次上电和复位时只运行一次。

loop()在创建setup函数，该函数初始化和设置初始值，loop()函数所做事的正如其名，连续循环，允许你的程序改变状态和响应事件。

可以用它来实时控制arduino板。

示例：控制语句ifif，用于与比较运算符结合使用，测试是否已达到某些条件，例如一个输入数据在某个范围之外。

使用格式如下：该程序测试value是否大于50。

如果是，程序将执行特定的动作。

换句话说，如果圆括号中的语句为真，大括号中的语句就会执行。

如果不是，程序将跳过这段代码。

大括号可以被省略，如果这么做，下一行（以分号结尾）将成为唯一的条件语句。

圆括号中要被计算的语句需要一个或多个操作符。

if...else与基本的if语句相比，由于允许多个测试组合在一起，if/else可以使用更多的控制流。

例如，可以测试一个模拟量输入，如果输入值小于500，则采取一个动作，而如果输入值大于或等于500，则采取另一个动作。

代码看起来像是这样：else中可以进行另一个if测试，这样多个相互独立的测试就可以同时进行。

每一个测试一个接一个地执行直到遇到一个测试为真为止。

当发现一个测试条件为真时，与其关联的代码块就会执行，然后程序将跳到完整的if/else结构的下一行。

如果没有一个测试被验证为真。

缺省的else语句块，如果存在的话，将被设为默认行为，并执行。

注意：一个else if语句块可能有或者没有终止else语句块，同理。

每个else if分支允许有无限多个。

另外一种表达互斥分支测试的方式，是使用switch case语句。

forfor语句描述for语句用于重复执行被花括号包围的语句块。

一个增量计数器通常被用来递增和终止循环。

for语句对于任何需要重复的操作是非常有用的。

常常用于与数组联合使用以收集数据/引脚。

for循环的头部有三个部分：初始化部分被第一个执行，且只执行一次。

每次通过这个循环，条件判断部分将被测试;如果为真，语句块和数据递增部分就会被执行,然后条件判断部分就会被再次测试，当条件测试为假时，结束循环。

示例：编码提示：C中的for循环比在其它计算机语言中发现的for循环要灵活的多，包括BASIC。

三个头元素中的任何一个或全部可能被省略，尽管分号是必须的。

而且初始化部分、条件判断部分和数据递增部分可以是任何合法的使用任意变量的C语句。

且可以使用任何数据类型包括floats。

这些不常用的类型用于语句段也许可以为一些罕见的编程问题提供解决方案。

例如，在递增部分中使用一个乘法将形成对数级增长：输出: 2,3,4,6,9,,19,28,42,63,94另一个例子，在一个for循环中使一个LED灯渐渐地变亮和变暗：switch caseswitch case 语句就像if语句，switch...case通过允许程序员根据不同的条件指定不同的应被执行的代码来控制程序流。

特别地，一个switch 语句对一个变量的值与case语句中指定的值进行比较。

当一个case语句被发现其值等于该变量的值。

就会运行这个case 语句下的代码。

break关键字将中止并跳出switch语句段，常常用于每个case语句的最后面。

如果没有break语句，switch语句将继续执行下面的表达式（“持续下降”）直到遇到break，或者是到达switch语句的末尾。

示例：语法参数var: 与不同的case中的值进行比较的变量label: 相应的case的值whilewhile循环描述：while循环将会连续地无限地循环，直到圆括号（）中的表达式变为假。

被测试的变量必须被改变，否则while循环将永远不会中止。

这可以是你的代码，比如一个递增的变量，或者是一个外部条件，比如测试一个传感器。

语法：参数：expression - 一个（布尔型）C语句，被求值为真或假示例：do...whiledo循环do循环与while循环使用相同方式工作，不同的是条件是在循环的末尾被测试的，所以do循环总是至少会运行一次。

示例：breakbreak用于中止do，for，或while循环，绕过正常的循环条件。

它也用于中止switch语句。

示例：continuecontinue语句跳过一个循环的当前迭代的余下部分。

（do，for，或while）。

通过检查循环测试条件它将继续进行随后的迭代。

示例：return终止一个函数，并向被调用函数并返回一个值，如果你想的话。

语法：参数：value: 任何类型的变量或常量示例：return 关键字对测试一段代码很方便，不需“注释掉”大段的可能是错误的代码。

goto在程序中转移程序流到一个标记点语法：提示：在C程序中不建议使用goto，而且一些C编程书的作者主张永远不要使用goto语句，但是明智地使用它可以简化某些代码。

许多程序员不赞成使用goto的原因是，无节制地使用goto语句很容易产生执行流混乱的很难被调试程序。

尽管如是说，仍然有很多使用goto语句而大大简化编码的实例。

其中之一就是从一个很深的循环嵌套中跳出去，或者是if 逻辑块，在某人些条件下。

示例：相关语法分号用于一个语句的结束示例提示忘记在一行的末尾加一个分号将产生一个编译器错误。

该错误信息可能是明显的，且会提及丢失分号，但也许不会。

如果出现一个不可理喻的或看起来不合逻辑的错误，其中一个首先要做的事就是检查分号丢失。

编译器会在前一行的附近发出抱怨。

大括号大括号（又称括弧或花括号）是C语言的主要组成部分。

它们用在几个不同的结构中，大致如下，这可能会令初学者感到困惑。

一个左大括号必须有一个右大括号跟在后面。

这是一个常被称为平衡括号的条件。

Arduino IDE（集成开发环境）包含一个方便的特性以检验平衡大括号。

只需选择一个大括号，甚至直接在一个大括号后面点击插入点，然后它的逻辑上的同伴就会高亮显示。

目前此功能有些许错误，因为IDE经常在文本中（错误地）发现一个已经被注释掉的大括号。

初级程序员，和从BASIC转到C的程序员常常发现使用大括号令人困惑或畏缩。

毕竟，用同样的大括号在子例程（函数）中替换RETURN语句，在条件语句中替换ENDIF语句和在FOR循环中替换NEXT语句。

由于大括号的使用是如此的多样，当插入一个需要大括号的结构时，直接在打出开括号之后打出闭括号是个不错的编程实践。

然后在大括号之间插入一些回车符，接着开始插入语句。

你的大括号，还有你的态度，将永远不会变得不平衡。

不平衡的大括号常常导致古怪的，难以理解的编译器错误，有时在大型程序中很难查出。

因为它们的多样的使用，大括号对于程序的语法也是极其重要的，对一个大括号移动一行或两行常常显著地影响程序的意义。

大括号的主要用法注释注释是程序中的一些行，用于让自己或他人了解程序的工作方式。

他们会被编译器忽略，而不会输出到控制器，所以它们不会占用Atmega芯片上的任何空间。