研究生英语系列教程 多维教程 熟谙(UNIT7)
多维教程熟谙课后题答案
Book IIUnit 1A.1.assess the respon sibil ity2.allian ce 联姻3.outcom e4.no more honest or ethica l5.identi ty6.ambigu ous意义含糊的7.tolera ble可忍受的8.partic ipate s参与9.pursui t10.constr uctiv e建设性的B.1.at stake危急关头2.were oblige d被迫3.the climat e of气氛4.feel well-equipp ed to answer such questi ons5.beyond my grasp超出我的理解6.cut back消减，缩短7.otherthan除了8.rise above克服9.care about关心10.is bounde d被包围C.1.incomp etent没有能力2.indulg enceof drivers纵容，爱好3.the floodof migran ts候鸟4.in all three probes探讨ple x 复杂的mechan i sm6.suspen se悬念; engage d战线pas siona te有同情心的; commit ted忠诚的8.tolera nt9.tempte d想要10.interc onnec ted互相联系D.1. A. Judgin g from2. B. in which3. C. and4. D. believ e5. A. is one of/ is that of6. B. must get7. C. likely8. D. unempl oyed9. C. as well as/ and10.B. simple rE. 1.what2.gradua tion3.intend4.gettin g5.eventu ally6.survey7.althou gh8.gradua tes9.transf er10.rise11.attend ing12.instea d13.cause14.becaus e15.attend ing16.below17.failur e18.expect ation s19.confid encecat ionKey to the transl ation from Englis h to Chines e:1.德.汤说过，一切进步，一切发展均来自挑战及由此引起的反应。
研究生英语综合教程UNIT7课文及翻译(含汉译英英译汉)
UNIT71. Several leading modern business leaders seem, surprisingly, to downplay the importance of strategy. You can make too much fuss about strategy, they imply--- you have a few clear options; just choose one and get on with it. is it really that simple?2. “Strategy is straightforward---just pick a general direction and implement like hell.”Jack Welch, for example---the chairman and CEO of the USA’s General Electric Company; the man who grow the company from a market capitalization of $27 billion to a $140 billion, making GE the largest and most valuable company in the world. he must know a thing or two about strategy. But here’s what he says: “In real life, strategy is actually very straightforward. You pick a general direction and you implement like hell.”Or Allan leighton, the man who was recruited by Archie Norman to help res cue the UK’s ailing Asda supermarket chain, and went on to build the company into one of Britain’s most successful retailers. “Strategy is important,” says Leighton, “but it is a compass, not a road map. It tells you in which direction you are heading, but the important bit is how you get there.”Or Louis Gerstner, the man who rescued IBM in the 1990’s when the struggling mainframe supplier was about to be driven into extinction by the new, smaller and more agile personal computer manufacturers. “It is extremely difficult to develop a unique strategy for a company; and if the strategy is truly different, it is probably highly risky. Execution really is the critical part of a successful strategy. Getting it done, getting it done right, getting it done better than the next person is far more important than dreaming up new visions of the future.”3. So strategy is simple. And having an ingenious new strategy is less important than carrying it out successfully. In fact it might be dangerous. It that right?Let’s look at one last quote from Mr. Welch. “When I became CEO in 1981, we launched a highly publicized initiative: be number one or number two in every market, and fix, sell or close to get there. This was not our strategy, although I’ve often heard it descri bed that way.It was a galvanising mantra to describe how we were going to do business going forward. Our strategy was much more directional. GE was going to move away from businesses that were being commoditized toward businesses that manufactured high-value technology products or sold services instead of things.”Grand strategy versus strategy4. I would argue that these CEO’s blue chip corporations are taking a slightly Olympian view of the concept of “strategy.” Let’s call what hey are talking about “grand strategy” a strategy, but in the overarching sense, like the American car industry saying that they are going to move out gas-guzzlers and into smaller, more fuel-efficient models. 1.一些领先的现代企业领导人似乎，奇怪的是，淡化战略的重要性。
专业学位硕士研究生英语教程Unit-7词汇及课后答案
Unit 7BehaviorWord Bankoutrageous: very shocking and unacceptable.令人震惊的/ 难以接受的; electric shock触电(terror->terrible->horror->horrible) abhor: v. to hate very much憎恶，讨厌; normal->abnormal [dress: (1)n. 连衣裙/ 长裙; (2) vt. dress<->undress->) address (discuss): v. to deal with处理(pathy=feeling) (a-: away) apathy (=indifference->indifferent冷漠的): n. lack of interest冷淡，无兴趣assign (->assignment=homework): v. to give as a share or duty分派，指派biology (->biological): n. the science that studies living organisms生物学board(->to ~ a plane/ a ship/ a bus; boarding card登机卡; ->boarder董事/房客->boarding school寄宿学校): n. an official body that has responsibility for a particular organization or activity 理事会，董事会(sequence: n.顺序->sequent: adj. 按序排列的) consequence: n. sth. that follows from an action or set of conditions; result后果，结果credit: n. a complete unit of a student's work that forms part of a course, esp. at a university学分/ 信用enlighten: v. t o cause to understand deeply and clearly启蒙，启发holler: v. to shout out呼喊[ID card= identity (card): n. 身份->identify: vt.) identical: adj. similar or the same相同的[machine机器-> machinery机械->mechanic机修工->mechanism机理/ 机制] mechanics: n. the ways in which sth. works, produces results, etc.方法，技巧mentor: n. a person who gives advice to another over a period of time, esp. to help them in their working, life导师pedagogy: n. the practice of teaching or the study of teaching methods教学法[perfect: (1)adj. 完美无缺的; (2)vt. =improve] perfectionist: n. a person who is not satisfied with anything that is not completely perfect完美主义者(plagiarism剽窃现象->) plagiarize: v. to take (words, ideas, etc.) from others' work (著作) and use them in one's own work without giving proper credit to the original author抄袭，剽窃police (policeman<->policewoman): (1)n.警察; (2)vt. to keep a watch on; control监督，控制routine: (1)adj. regular (regulate: vt. 调控); according to what is always habitually done惯常的，例行的; (2)n. 常规; routiner墨守成规者thrill (->thriller悬念片/ 恐怖片->action movie武打片): v. to have a sudden, strong feeling of excitement感到一阵激动Phrases and Expressionscome up with: to think of ; to produce想出，提出deprive sb. of sth.: to take sth. away from somebody剥夺（权利等）feel (be) obliged to: to feel it necessary to do觉得必要做prohibit sb. from doing sth.: to prevent somebody from doing sth.禁止; 阻止某人做某事take one's side: to support sb.; to agree with sb.站在……一边turn in (=hand in<->hand out发给学生作业的->handout 讲义): to hand in上交，交给Reading ComprehensionChoose the best for each of the following.1. In Para. 1 "had been plagiarized" probably means ( D )A. had cheatedB. had copied term papers from the Internet websitesC. had been copied by othersD. had been identified as cheating in term papers2. In Para. 4, "teacher apathy the norm" means ( C )A. teachers take interest in students' cheatingB. teachers show sympathy for students' cheatingC. teachers give a blind eye to students' cheatingD. teachers mind students' cheating3. The word "hit" in Para. 11 means ( C )A. attackB. strikeC. popular routineD. beat4. The tone in Para. 13 is ( A )A. jocularB. sarcasticC. encouragingD. discouraging5. Who are responsible for plagiarism at school, according to the passage? ( A )A. Professors.B. The Internet websites.C. Students themselves.D. Parents on their children's side.II. Complete the following summary of the text by filling in the blanks with words. The initial letter of each word has been given to you.Plagiarism is not a new thing. But with the development of the Internet technology, it has become more and more common. Where should the (1) penalty be placed (put), on the (2) cheaters, on the professors, or on the Internet? The answer is not as clear as (3) crystal (->crystallize). Beyond any (4) doubt, plagiarists ought to be punished. They need to do their own job and, at the same time, respect others. This is the basic (5) discipline (纪律) which they need to develop.What about the professors who show (6) apathy to cheating? They are (7) partly (partially部分地) (hold->) held responsible for the popularity (普及duty of passing knowledge (知识) to students, but also have the duty of cultivating the mentality (intelligence/ morality道德) of their students. If they were (8) apologists when (they are) dealing with students who plagiarize, how could plagiarism be controlled?The Internet websites seem to be to (9) blame, because the copied papers are mostly from the website (10) sources (来源->resources资源). But the purpose and function of websites are not to provide (convenient->) convenience (方便) for plagiarism. Instead (On the contrary), they are to make information much more easily accessible for people who can make proper use of (=use/ utilize使用) it. What's more, in the battle against plagiarism, haven't the websites played their role? VocabularyI. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence.1. We (lose->lost->lost) lost the election because of the ___C__ to our supporters.A. (anti-: against; anti-Japanese war抗日战争) antipathy (=indifference)B. (sym-: same) sympathy (n. 同情-> sympathize with sb. vt.)C. apathy (n. indifference冷漠)D. empathy (移情别恋)2. She is ___A__ with having saved the company from bankruptcy (prevent sb. from doing sth.阻止…发生).A. credited (记功)B. praisedC. promotedD. attributed (n./ vt. 属性, 品质, 特征, 加于, 归结于)3. I never __D___ in dealing with such matters.A. stand sidesB. be sidesC. stay sides (stay aside闪开)D. take sides (=support)4. You made the wrong decision, and now you must take the __B___.A. resultsB. consequences (后果)C. outcomeD. effect (n.->effective)5. Tom is not __D___ clever in the class.A. specifically (具体)B. specially特殊C. especiallyD. particularly特别提及6. Basic English is a ___C__ in the curriculum for the freshmen (大学一年级学生).A. class班级/阶级/等级B. lecture讲座C. course课程D. lesson一节课/ 教训; I’ll teach him a lesson教训某人.7. The airline has __B___ a novel [(1)n.小说; (2)adj. new] solution to the problem of jet-lag (时差反应).A. come up to (amount to=reach the number)B. come up with拿出C. (fade out昏迷<->) come to苏醒D. come on=go on继续8. Peter (think->) thought the world was flat until I __A___ him.A. enlightened (启发)B. lightened (vt. 减轻, 照亮)C. (light-> lighted/ lit->lit) lightedD. delighted=happy干涉, 干预, 妨碍, 打扰) interfering.A. forcedB. pleasant D. respected10. Writing a [cheque (英) =check (美) is quite a simple __A___.A. procedure (程序)B. process (n.过程/工艺/vt.加工; processed food)C. move (vi.移动; n. 动作)D. action (重大军事行动)II. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary. thrill turn in quit routine identicalpenalty series faculty address sensitivementor database sinister tempt bargain1. This is a very tempting (=attractive) offer (n. /vt.) and I suggest you give it a consideration. [suggest sth./ doing sth./ that sb. do sth. #suggest sb. to do sth. (错误)]2. He ignored the side issues (side effect副作用) and addressed (dedicated oneself to sth.献身于…事业) himself to the main (major) problem.3. His term paper is identical (=same) to (介词) one thesis I've read on the Internet.4. What a thrilling (=exciting) game; the winner was in doubt (n.是个悬念) until the last minute.5. The soldiers have to turn in (=hand in递交) their guns (枪/炮) when they leave the army.6. She longed to (desire渴望) escape from the (stupid愚蠢的->) stultifying (vt.使显得愚笨, 使变无效, 使成为徒劳) routine of (homework家庭作业) housework (家务劳动).7. She had had enough and quit (=stop) working in the company.8. The patient [(1)n.病人(2)adj.有耐心的] is very sensitive (敏感) to pain.9. The increasing demand [(1)vt.要求; (2)n.需求] has given the company greater bargaining (讨价还价的) power.10. All faculty (一个机构的全体工作人员) members are required to attend the meeting. [(1) vt. attend a class/ meeting; (2)vi. to attend to sb.-> attendant服务员; flight attendant空勤人员] TranslationPut the following paragraph into Chinese.Plagiarists as victims. Teachers as oppressors. It's not your conventional reaction to cheating. Not surprisingly, it has been a hit with many college students, just as it was with the plagiarists at Piper High. The student newspaper at Stanford ran an editorial attacking the use of antiplagiarism software as a potential violation of the school's honor code, which "prohibits professors from taking 'unusual and unreasonable precautions' in their academic procedures." Moreover, the paper said, checking for cheating "might even harm the relationship between students and faculty."参考译文：抄袭者成为了受害者，老师们成了压迫者。
文库最新发布：研究生英语Unit7ppt
The organization of the passage
• The article is divided into three parts: part one consists of the first five paragraphs. Part two is from para 6 to para 13. the rest is part three.
7
Language Points
Para 1: 1. Bank balances are suddenly reported to have jumped from $379 into the millions, appeals for charitable contributions are mailed over and over to people with crazysounding names at your address…(lines 2-5, para. 1):
These can be regarded as the
most common and unintentional
accidents. Blindest here means not
done intentionally.
12
• 4. If things go wrong, it must be a personal, human error, the result of fingering, tampering, a button getting stuck, someone hitting the wrong key.(lines 3-5, para 2 ):
5
2. Introduction to the Text
考试段落总结(研究生英语多维教程熟谙)
Unit1 从能力到责任When today’s high-school seniors are asked what they plan to do after graduates, most say that they intend to get a bachelor’s degree. They have been told that their generation has only “one way to win”-by getting at least at least a bachelor’s degree, in the hope that it will eventually lead to a professional job.In a recent survey of high-school seniors conducted by the Nation Center for Education Statistics, 85 percent of the respondents said they planned to ge t a bachelor’s degree. And, although20 years ago only 45 percent of high-school graduates went on to college, today 68 percent actually matriculate (注册), with the majority enrolling in four-year or two-year programs designed to allow them transfer to four-year institutions.According to conventional wisdom, the rapid rise in the number of students attending college is cause for national celebration. But our research suggests that, intend it may be cause for national concern. Why? Because for many young peo ple, the “one way to win” paradigm (例子)is not realistic, given their academic talents and the labor-market projections. Students ranking below the top third of their high-school graduating class too often fail to earn as bachelor’s degree if they enroll in college. The cost of such failure–in both dollars and unmet expectations-is rising and beginning to erode public confidence in our system of high education.A 1.（Arnod Toynbee has said that all progress…）德.汤说过，一切进步，一切发展均来自挑战及由此引起的反应。
研究生英语unit_7
3. When kids sit down to play Monopoly…Contrast this board game scene with one…
Reading Comprehension
A： C B： DBCCD CBABA
Language Studies：A
Text Analysis: Devices for Developing It Giving Examples Making Contrast 1. a ball of Play-Doh…. A video game, on the other hand…. 2. a group of kids are playing a pickup game of soccer… Contrast that scene with the world of the Internet chat rooms…
…a generation raised more ….than… (para. 2)
译文：玩VB和MK电子游戏而不是打棒球玩Uncle Wiggly游戏长大的一代。 在“more...than...”中，肯定“more”后面的而否定 “than”后面的，约等于“是……而不是……”如： This book seems to be more a manual than a text. Catherine is more diligent than intelligent. Hearing the loud noise, the boy was more surprised than frightened.
Text Analysis: Main Idea
Part 1 (1-2): Electronic entertainment can
最新研究生英语系列教材上unit7-原文+翻译
Unit SevenON HUMAN NATURE Frank and Lydia Hammer我对人类的了解越多，对他们的期望就越低。
和以前相比，我现在常常以较宽松的标准把一个人叫做好人。
——塞缪尔·约翰逊博士论人性弗兰克，莉迪亚·汉默尔Human nature is the basis of character, the temperament and disposition; it is that indestructible matrix upon which the character is built, and whose shape it must take and keep throughout life. This we call a person's nature.人性是性格、气质和性情的基础，性格正是基于这种牢不可破的基质之上的，它必须以这种基质的形式存在，并将它保留终生，这种基质，我们称之为一个人的本性。
The basic nature of human beings does not and cannot change. It is only the surface that is capable of alteration, improvement and refinement; we can alter only people's customs, manners, dress and habits.A study of history reveals that the people who walked thisearth in antiquity were moved by the same fundamental forces, were swayed by the same passions, and had the same aspirations as the men and women of today. The pursuit of happiness still engrosses mankind the world over.人类的本性不会也不能改变，只有一些表面特征才会变化、改善和进一步提升；我们可以改变人们的风格、举止、衣着和习惯。
研究生多维英语系列熟谙课后习题部分及答案(UNIT_1-UNIT_6)
UNIT 1A1. Governor Rockefeller was shocked by what happened and appointed a committee to assess the responsibility.2. Oliver Barrett IV and Jennifer started talking about marriage, thinking they were made for each other .But as a banker and a squeamish(太讲究规矩)parent, Oliver Barrett III refused to give his blessing to the proposed alliance .3. One outcome of the rapid advance of technology is the breakdown of the traditional division of labor between the sexes.4. Away from their profession, scientists are inherently no more honest or ethical than other people.But in their profession they work in an arena[ə'ri:nə] n. 舞台；竞技场that puts a high premium on honesty.5. Arthur is captured and visited by Montanelli. Arthur reveals his i dentity to Montanelli, who is delighted to find that he is still alive.6. The wording of the agreement is ambiguous .so both interpretations are valid.7. A lot of the summer jobs available here are only tolerable if you’re young and don’t mind working hard.8. She is isolated from the general problems of society and never participates in any of our discussion.9. The government is selling off the railways, in pursuit of its policy of privatization.10. She criticized my writing but in a way that was very constructive ---I learned a lot from her.B1. The race was her last chance to win a place in the national team so everything was at stake.2. They were obliged to sell their house in order to pay their debts.3. The government needs to find out what the climate of opinion is before it introduces any further changes in the health service.4. Not being a specialist in the subject I don’t feel well-equipped to answer such questions.5. I have failed to pass the examinations again and again. Why is success always beyond my grasp .6. They were forced to cut back production for lack of raw materials.7. We missed the last bus so there was no choice other than to walk home.8. A woman who can rise above克服，超越such disadvantages is clearly exceptional.9. They only care about themselves and the accumulation of their wealth.10. Britain is bounded in the south by the English Channel and Canada bounds the United States on thenorth.C1. I was dismayed at the thought of teaching algebra and geometry—two subjects at which I had been completely incompetent .（否定形式）2. If the hitch-hiker（搭便车）in the US will remember that he is seeking the indulgence of drivers to give him a free ride, and is prepared to give in exchange entertainment and company, and not to go to sleep, he will come across the remarkable, almost legendary, hospitality of the American of the West.3. The countryside was, in fact, famous for the abundance and variety of its bird life, and where the flood of migrants was pouring through in spring and autumn people traveled from great distances to observe them.4. One question that was solemnly studied in all three probes concerned the action of the referee – Did he act in time to stop the fight?5. The human brain is the most delicate and complex mechanism in all creation and it has a lacework of millions of highly fragile nerve connections.6. Telephone may create unnecessary suspense（悬疑，悬念）and anxiety, as when you wait for an expected call the doesn’t come; or irritating delay, as when you keep ringing a number that is always engaged .7. Winners care about the world and its peoples. They are not isolated from the general problems of society. They are concerned. compassionate（ate具有，富有）and committed to improving the quality of life.8. There’s general feeling that the president has been to tolerant of corruption.9. “Did you apply for that job?”—“Well, I was very tempted but in the end I decided not to.”10. The problems of poverty. homelessness and unemployment are all interconnected .UNIT2A1. viability h. workability2. dynamic i. full of vigor3. interim a. transitional4. legacy e. anything received from an ancestor5. retain k. continue to have6. demise n. end7. assume l. undertake8. assure g. make certain9. liquidity d. quality of being changed from assets into cash10. highlight c. draw attention toB1. No matter how good a company is, it is the market’s perception that counts.2. Chief executives are given responsibility and authority and then expected to act independently.3. A number of studies have indicated that effective leadership can make a difference in organizational performance.4. The Internet boom is creating new opportunities for marketing , advertising, and design experts.5. Company leaders can’t expect too severe punishment if their strategies fail to deliver.6. If the company’s financial health is good and its assets sufficient, it can create capital by voting to issue additional shares of common stock.7. It is said that the frequent transitions from cold to warm weather this spring have caused much illness.8. The word dilemma is used to indicate that the fungus is both helpful and harmful in its effects.9. Rivalry in business is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background.10. The government provides employment and training services for workers, and compensation for those who are temporarily out of work.11. Bely is a whiz at football; he attracts fans of all ages and all races.12. These original documents are invaluable to the company and they should be well preserved.C1. a. The board of directors required that Mr. Brown Justify buying expensive equipment at a time when the company was practicing strict economy.b. The outgoing flow of skills is not the only justification for the failure of the factory.c. Can you prove that your radical actions against them were justifiable ?d. The tourists were justifiably angry about the treatment they had received on the journey.e. I do think that the general manager was quite justified in dismissing his secretary.2. a. The army made a strategic withdrawal and then launched a counterattack against its enemy.b. Asking a management theorist to define strategy is rather like asking a philosopher to define truth.c. Strategics/Strategy is a required course in military academy.d. Can you name some of the internationally famous military strategists?e. By order of the corps commander, the staff officers strategized the military manoeuvre.f. It was not until the war broke out that they realized that the islands were strategically important.3. a. Those who have an advanced university degree or equivalent professional qualifications in the fields of finance banking and business administration are given priority.b. By improving the quality of its products and developing new designs, the firm finally overcame its financial troubles.c. The orphanage received an appreciable contribution from a wealthy German financier.d. Western governments need to reconsider their pledge to finance new reactors for the Ukraine in return for the closure of the Chernobyl power plant.e. Financially ,the joint venture was not as successful as people had expected.4. a. Joan feels resentful that almost every colleague remains indifferent to her pleading.（恳求）b. He obviously resents us and I had presumed it was the English he hated.c. She harbored a deep resentment towards her employer for having denied her a promotion.d. Mr White says resentfully that his wife has spoiled their son by giving him too much money.5. a. Only the conductor can perceive the slightest variation from true pitch in each instrument.b. Many investors had a clear perception of the grave situation in the gulf area and soon decided not to start new projects there.c. The fine shades of color in the painting are hardly perceptible.d. He made a very perceptive comment on campaigns needed to combat juvenile delinquency.e. The commission agent declared that this sample was perceptibly different from the goods supplied.6. a. The wild life in Africa is extremely diverse and therefore two wildlife research institutes have been established there.b. The factory may seek to diversify its products to sell in different markets.c. I think diversity of opinions makes for an interesting discussion.d. Earnings were not affected by the decline because of the company’s recent diversification into other lines.e. The band is going to give a diversified musical program ranging from classical to modern.7. a. Should war break out, innumerous works of art, historical monuments and priceless historical records would be ruthlessly destroyed.b. The destructive tornado resulted in great loss of life and property.C. The destruction cause by the earthquake left thousands of people homeless.d. A destructionist is one who delights in or advocates devastation.e. The navy, in the sea warfare, only sent two destroyers because there were no larger ships ready.f. Have you learnt how to distinguish destroying angel from mushroom?g. As reported in the magazine, Schwarzernegger, a Hollywood star, has become weak and destructible because of his illness.8. a. No manufacturer does not wish to develop its domestic and foreign markets.b. Contaminated foods are not marketable; they provide more damage than nutrition.c. The car dealer markets his cars at competitive prices.d. Mr. Swafford has been appointed as the marketing director of the firm.e. The company is a big marketer specializing in gasoline.9. a. Sound policies and favorable environments are essential to the economic prosperity of any county.b. He tells me that his farm is prospering through good management and an absence of calamities.c. Nepal, an agricultural country, has entered into a prosperous period of industrial growth.d. The cherry-trees along the riverbank are growing marketer; they are bound to bear fruit this year.10. a. English is derived in the main from the common Germanic stock.b. Mr. Olin King is really a workaholic; he must derive much pleasure from his work.c. In my opinion, what he set up was nothing but a derivative theory lacking originality.d. Knowledge of investment and financial markets including derivatives would be advantageous, while excellent communication and influencing skills are essential.UNIT 3A1. pick up d. increase in speed2. toll f. total number of death3. electrify j. make sb very excited and surprised4. sprawl a. spread the limbs about5. legitimate i. acceptable, valid6. transit h. the act of passing across7. implement g. carry out; get done8. accommodate e. adapt9. landscape c. a view of scenery on land10. mobility b. easy movement to a different job1. Unlike Japanese workers, American employees have experienced great job mobility.2. The nation’s highway death toll has increased every year since the invention of the automobile.3. We must update our knowledge and accommodate ourselves to the changing world.4. From the church tower. people can enjoy a very beautiful landscape formed by the two hills and the valley.5. He was reading contentedly with his legs sprawled over the arm of the couch.6. You know yourself better than anyone else; do not undertake that project unless you can implement it.7. Sickness is a legitimate reason for a child’s being absent from school.8. It snowed last night and transit across the icy bridge is so dangerous that the bridge has to be closed for the time being.9. Some railroads once run by steam are now electrified to reduce the pollution and accelerate the speed of railroad transportation.10. People who must drive a lot know the big difference gasoline can make in pick up economy and smooth operation.B1. Hotels and restaurants are an Integral part of the city; without them, the city’s tourist industry could not exist.2. Customers will come back, later in life, when they are better off and want to buy more expensive things.3. One of the most impressive projects he has seen in Pudong is the sprawling airport.4. Mexico City is at an elevation of 7,300 feet; three million vehicles clog its streets and in the thin air; engines release twice as many emissions as they would at sea level.5. By 1988 roughly the same large proportion of blacks as of whites lived in metropolitan areas.6. Heavy floods caused by deforestation have recently led Thailand to ban all logging even though the country depends on timber and its products as an important source of employment and foreign exchange.7. People in the middle class or higher, whether they live in developed or less developed countries, are mostly urban, and they are on the move by car incessantly—as commuters, as vacationers.8. No matter how often we reminded our children, they never cleaned their rooms; the clutter in the room became so bad that we couldn’t even open their door.9. Our university canteen is large enough to accommodate all the students and teaching staff.10. During the Second World War. Many Jewish people in Germany were displaced and murdered.C1. The programs to teach young children enabling skills are now being advocated from coast to coast.(全国各地)2. There can be but little doubt that his ancestors where the great unwashed. (下层民众)3. Many people still revere their late premier though he passed away many years ago.4. There are some legitimate reasons for some scientists to denounce the practice of cloning.5. When Lincoln got his Christmas gift, a video game, he tore up the box to get to the cartridge and popped it into the game machine immediately.6. Short of the President himself, probably on one could have convinced people of the feasibility of his welfare programs.7. Sumo wrestlers are noted for their strength, while fencers, for their nimbleness.8. He bought a bicycle and started to ride to work as he could no longer put up with the constriction of movement in the packed bus.9. The judge pronounced that the accused man was guilty of murder and sentenced him to life imprisonment.10. Until a relatively short time ago, traveling abroad was limited to people who were well off or prosperous business people.EToday it can be said that wheels run America. The four rubber tires of the automobile move America through work and pay. Wheels spin, and people drive off to their jobs. Tires turn, and people shop for the week’s food at the big supermarket down the highway. Hubcaps whirl, and the whole family spends a day at the lake .Each year more wheels crowd the highways a 10million new cars roll out of the factories. One out of every six Americans works at assembling cars. Driving trucks, building roads, or pumping gas, America without cars? It’s unthinkable.But even though the majority of Americans would find it hard to imagine what life would be like without a car, some have begun to realize that the automobile is a mixed blessing. Traffic accidents are increasing steadily, and large cities are plagued by traffic congestion, Worst of all, perhaps, is the air pollution caused by the internal-combustion engine. Every car engine burns hundreds of gallons of fuel each year and pumps hundreds of pounds of carbon monoxide and other gases into the air. These gases are one source of the smog that hangs over large cities. Some of these gases are poisonous and dangerous to one’s health, especially for someone with a weak heart or a respiratory disease.One answer to the problem of air pollution is to build a car that does not pollute. That’s what several major automobile manufacturers are crying to do.But building a clean car is easier said than done. So far, progress has been slow. Another solution is to eliminate car fume altogether by getting rid of the internal-combustion engine. Inventors are now working on turbine-powered cars, as well as on cars powered by steam and electricity. But most of us won’t be driving cars run on batteries or boiling water for a while yet. Many auto makers believe that it will take years to develop practical models that are powered by electricity or steam.UNIT 4A1. a. On a large national scale where the government becomes involved, cooperation is seen as coerciveand destructive rather than voluntary and constructive.b. Political opponents were put into camps during the war and coerced into force labor.2. a. The preoccupation of millions of Americans with status is said to have intensified social stratification in the country.b. The president has been preoccupied with the suffering of the victims since the damaging tornado.3. a. Most surveys find that people are reluctant to place themselves at either the top or the bottom of the social ladder.b. Johnson had a reluctance to agree to their conditions, but he didn’t really have much choice.4. a. Tom changed from a friendly boy into a confused an moody adolescent.b. As children enter adolescence, they begin to demand greater freedom to go where they please, do what they please, and make decisions without parental interference.5. a. The law organized protests and, by implication of opposition.b. What the boss has just said contains implicit approval of your work.6. a. Marriage can be threatened by children who arouse ambivalent between the parents in a variety of ways.b. There are many people, myself among the number, who have a somewhat adolesecnce attitude toward producing off spring.7. a. Both the couple should be responsible for emotional maintenance of the marriage and for raising the children and running the household.b. I’m inclined to share your doubt in regard to the maintainability of the relationship between Dr.Helen Kaplan and her husband.8. a. Young people today are more concerned with self-fulfilment and preserving privacy than those were in 1960s.b. Although party officials give the President their public support, many are saying in private that he may have to resign.9. a. Feelings of patriotism are expressed more clearly an d freely now, but there is little enthusiasm fora return to military conscription during peacetime.b. The exhibition will be of interest to vintage car owners and other motoring enthusiasts.10. a. Drug users develop a tolerance for some drugs, that is they have to take steadily increasing amounts to achieve a given level of effect.b. What these people want is a tolerable existence—more food, better shelter and peace.11. a. According to the statisticians, the estimated number of people afflicted by hunger and malnutrition is about 500 million.b. We spend more on health care than any other nation in the world, yet statistically show that we are not the world’s healthiest nation.12. a. Language makes rational thought possible and enables us to reason, to draw logical conclusions from the evidence of our senses, and to generalize from one event to another.b. It’s unbelievable that Mary, a teenage girl, has learnt to view things with cold rationality.B1. The traditional family with only the husband working can be found most often during the earlier years of marriage when children are being born and cared for.2. The first thing to do in seeking a position is to determine exactly what you want to do, not in terms of a vague objective but with a definite goal.3. Sociologists will manage to find out what lies behind the violence that occurs among affluent families.4. The Rev. Septimus Harding?—Yes, it rings a bell.He’s a character in some novel. I believe, but I can’t remember which one.5. Energy shortage, soaring inflation, rampant unemployment and the threat of war have made adult Americans nervous, and that sense of pervasive worry has been passed on to the nation’s youth.6. The idea of trying to cheat the income tax authorities went against his principles; he had a strong sense of civic responsibility.7. Football fans began lining up early in the morning at the box office to buy cup-tie tickets.8. The chairman gave me a hint that he would like me to think of some ready way of stopping Tom from chiming on the proposal.9. If anyone can think of better course of action, I am open to suggestions.10 . School children brought up in a Western heritage do not know about Shamba Bolongogo.DChildren are now leaving home in late adolescence – an earlier age than in the past. Adolescents are no longer involved in making an economic contribution to the family. In fact , their major economic impact is as consumers, Therefore, the family has little reason to keep the child home as an economic contribution. It is becoming increasingly common for young people to leave home for college or to live with someone else when they become employed. Not only do families have fewer children but they have them in school and out of the home at younger ages than in the past.The most surprising finding with regard to children show a negative impact on marriage due to children. There has been much evidence that children contribute to greater conflict an d uncertainty in a marriage. Studies show that general life satisfaction is highest for People when they are young, married, and childless. Other studies show that American couples with children at home tend to have lower marital satisfaction than those without children. For both men and women, reports of happiness and satisfaction Drop--and don’t rise again until the children are grown and about to leave the nest. UNIT 5A1. You are looking a bit fragile this morning; you must have had too much alcohol last night. A. weak2. As she is allergic to eggs, she cannot eat one without breaking into a rash. B. sensitive3. She still looks weak though her fever subsided after she took some medicine. C. came down4. Relations between the two countries began to deteriorate in 1965. D. worsen5. Economic activity has been organized on the assumption of cheap and abundant oil from the beginning of the 20th century until early the 21st century. B. premise6. Amid the usual sound and fury, the main point may be lost; are the level and structure of pay producing the kind of teachers the country needs? A. In7. The government gave money to people to help buy homes outside of the cities. This system of subsidized housing caused many people to leave urban areas. D. aided8. The farm ministers from European countries scheduled an emergency meeting in Luxeboug in hopes of easing the worldwide ”mad cow” panic. B. fear9. In one secne of Modern Time, Charlie Chaplin was shown trying desperately to keep in time with a rapid assembly line. D. hopelessly10. Owing to an acute lack of lower-income housing, the municipal government is embarrassed by the impressing housing issue. B. grave11. The idea that machines could be made to fly seemed fantastic two hundred years ago. C. eccentric B1. His education in business school has set him up to step into any kind of business and run it.2. She advised John, ”You should not let your child study in a foreign country; she would n’t fit in there.”3. The young lecturer is popular with his students and every student is thankful for his assistance in their studies.4. With the possibility of redundancy in their minds, middle-aged workers have to work harder to holddown their jobs.5. Transnational corporations usually enjoy a wide reputation for fair dealing which they have built up over many years.6. He very much appreciated his chance to study here because of what he had gone through in his childhood.7. Owing to the fact that each family has only one child, the responsibility of looking after the elderly will heavily weigh heavily on the “only child” generation.8. We hoped that trust would be built up among those four parties but it doesn’t seem to be working out that way.9. The ruling party still won the general election although quite a few members had broken away from the Party.10. Failing in the university entrance examination was bad enough, but even worse was the feeling thatI had let my parents down.DIn the world’s rich countries, when you retire at 65 you can expect to live, on average, for another 15 or 20 years. A hundred years ago you would, on average, have been already dead. The late 20th century has brought to many the ultimate gift; the luxury of aging. But like any luxury, aging is expensive .Governments are fretting about the cost already; but they also know that far worse is to come; Over the next 30 or 40 years, the demographic changes of longer lives and fewer births will force most countries to rethink in fundamental ways their arrangements for paying for and looking after older people.In 1990 18%of people in OECD countries were aged over 60. By 2030 that figure will have risen to over 30%. The share of the “Oldest old” (those over 80) . Now around 3%, is set to double. The vast majority of these older people will be consumers, not producers. Thanks to state transfers, being old in developed countries mostly no longer means being poor. The old people will expect decent pensions to live on; they will make heavy demands on medical services; and some will need expensive nursing care. Yet while their numbers are expanding fast, numbers of people at work-who will have to foot the bill-will stay much the same,so each worker will have to carry a much heavier burden.Mass survival to a ripe old age will not be confined to rich countries. Most developing countries, whose populations are now much younger than the developed world’s are starting to age fast.UNIT 6A1. simplicity(朴素) complexity (复杂)2. domestic(驯养的) wild (野生的)3. deficiency(不足的) surplus (过剩的)4. partially(偏袒地) indifferently (漠不关心地)5. heavenly(神圣的) earthly (沉思的)6. deny(拒绝) acknowledge (承认答谢)7. obscurely(晦涩地) obviously/apparently (明显地)8. enlarge(扩大的) diminish (使减小)9. natural(自然的) artificial (人造的)10. constructive(建设性的) destructive (破坏的)B1. ultimately g. in the end2. intricate j. complicated3. encroachment a. act of intruding gradually4. fertility f. fruitfulness5. pointedly b. markedly6. indispensable h. absolutely essential7. legitimate i. that can be justified8. whatsoever c. of any kind at all9. primeval d. relating to the first age of the world10. beneficent e. having good effect1. That primeval ocean, growing in bulk as the rains slowly filled its basins, must have been faintly salty.2. There is no scientific evidence whatsoever to support the view that assisted suicide should be declared acceptable and legal.3. Most people believe that the study of another nation, its society and culture, not only can be fascinating but also beneficent.4. A scientist is apt to think that all the problems of philosophy will ultimately be solved by science.5. Lung cancer is pointedly linked with air pollution in cities with high concentrations of industry and vehicular traffic.6. The brain of a child has evolved to process speech, not intricate written symbols that represent speech.7. The problem that urban sprawl is encroaching upon the unspoilt countryside deserves more attention from the government and the public.8. Language is indispensable to human life because it gives meaning to otherwise random experiences.9. Adolf Berle drew a legitimate conclusion that business people will undermine business itself as well as their own welfare if they break the law.10. Over cultivation and a long period of soil erosion has reduced the fertility of much of the country’s farmland.C1. In short, the National Research Institute of Police Science is responsible for supporting, from a scientific angle, all police activities, especially criminal investigation.2. The reasons for extremely high medical costs are many and can by no means be attributed to inflation exclusively.3. The country is up against drug abuse, one of the most challenging social problems nowadays.4. Martin Luther King was endowed with a graceful and spirit-stirring eloquence and almost all people, black or white, were under the spell of his effective speech I Have A Dream.5. The plan for introducing new technology at the expense of the existing work force will undoubtedly meet with fierce opposition.6. As a charity, the organization provides food and shelter for people in need, regardless of the reasons for their need.7. Allowing for traffic delays, you had better start earlier if you want to catch Flight 818 for New York City.8. All available evidence goes to show that the general was involved in the conspiracy to overturn the government.9. Mr. Harold Rosen, an obstinate man is always acting on his own judgement; nobody can have influence over him.10. Dutch speakers can usually understand German quite well, but strangely enough not vice versa .EThe survival of wilderness- of places that we do not change, where we allow the existence even of creatures we perceive as dangerous-is necessary. Whether we go to those places or not, we need to know that they exist. We do not need just the great public wildernesses, but millions of small private or semiprivate ones. Wilderness can occupy corners of factory grounds and city lots -places where nature。
(完整版)研究生英语多维教程熟谙(正文翻译+课后练习参考答案)
Unit1 从能力到责任当代的大学生对他们在社会中所扮演的角色的认识模糊不清。
他们致力于寻求在他们看来似乎是最现实的东西：追求安全保障，追逐物质财富的积累。
年轻人努力想使自己成人成才、有所作为，但他们对未来的认识还是很模糊的。
处于像他们这样前程未定的年龄阶段，他们该信仰什么?大学生一直在寻找真我的所在，寻找生活的意义。
一如芸芸众生的我们，他们也陷入了两难的境地。
一方面，他们崇尚奉献于人的理想主义，而另一方面，他们又经不住自身利益的诱惑，陷入利己主义的世界里欲罢不能。
最终而言，大学教育素质的衡量取决于毕业生是否愿意为他们所处的社会和赖以生存的城市作出贡献。
尼布尔曾经写道：“一个人只有意识到对社会所负有的责任，他才能够认识到自身的潜力。
一个人如果一味地以自我为中心，他将会失去自我。
”本科教育必须对这种带有理想主义色彩的观念进行自我深省，使学生超越以自我为中心的观念，以诚相待，服务社会。
在这一个竞争激烈＼残酷的社会，人们期望大学生能报以正直、文明，，甚至富有同情心的人格品质去与人竞争，这是否已是一种奢望?人们期望大学的人文教育会有助于培养学生的人际交往能力，如今是否仍然适合?毫无疑问，大学生应该履行公民的义务。
美国的教育必须立刻采取行动，使教育理所当然地承担起弥合公共政策与公众的理解程度之间的极具危险性且在日益加深的沟壑这一职责。
那些要求人们积极思考政府的议程并提供富于创意的意见的信息似乎越来越让我们感到事不关己。
所以很多人认为想通过公众的参与来解决复杂的公共问题已不再可能行得通。
设想，怎么可能让一些非专业人士去讨论必然带来相应后果的政府决策的问题，而他们甚至连语言的使用都存在困难?核能的使用应该扩大还是削弱?水资源能保证充足的供应吗?怎样控制军备竞赛?大气污染的安全标准是多少?甚至连人类的起源与灭绝这样近乎玄乎的问题也会被列入政治议事日程。
类似的一头雾水的感觉，公众曾经尝试过。
当他们试图弄懂有关“星球大战”的辩论的问题时，那些关于“威慑”与“反威慑”等高科技的专业术语，曾让公众一筹莫展。
研究生英语多维教程熟谙课后题答案
Book IIUnit 1A.1.assess2.alliance3.outcome4.ethical5.identity6.ambiguous7.tolerable8.participates9.pursuit10.constructiveB.1.at stake2.were obliged3.the climate of4.feel well-equipped5.beyond my grasp6.cut back7.other than8.rise above9.care about10.is boundedC.1.incompetent2.indulgence3.migrants4.probesplex6.suspense; engagedpassionate; committed8.tolerant9.tempted10.interconnectedD.1. A. Judging from2. B. in which3. C. and4. D. believe5. A. is one of/ is that of6. B. must get7. C. likely8. D. unemployed9. C. as well as/ and10.B. simplerE.1.what2.graduation3.intend4.getting5.eventually6.survey7.although8.graduates9.transfer10.rise11.attending12.instead13.cause14.because15.attending16.below17.failure18.expectations19.confidencecationKey to the translation from English to Chinese:1.德.汤说过，一切进步，一切发展均来自挑战及由此引起的反应。
Unit7研究生英语,熟谙
Ardent is immediately regarded as a
please explain:
be ambitious for the public good, for the alleviation of suffering, for the enlightenment of mankind,… strive to be successful, rich, powerful, etc., in order to help the public, to ease human suffering, to enlighten mankind...
paraphrase
What life does with our dreams and expectations cannot be predicted. What will actually happen to our dreams and expectations during our lives cannot be predicted. do with: get on with; have a connection with
values, your philosophy, etc.
Word study
give oneself / someone away: to betray oneself /someone; to tell people sth. secret e.g. The swindler(欺诈者) gave himself away when he was asked to establish his identity. She really likes him and thinks no one knows, but the look on her face when mentioned his name gave her away.
研究生英语_多维教程熟谙-课文翻译（1）
研究生英语_多维教程熟谙-课文翻译（1）Unit7 野心的优点野心是罗夏墨迹测验的字眼之一：给它下个定义你立刻就流露出你很多的内心世界。
即使是最中立的著作，韦伯斯特的字典，新大学版第七版，也暴露出自己的观点，将“ambition”首先定义为：“追求官阶、名誉或权势的强烈欲望。
”于是乎“ardent”这个词直接承受一种压力，与褒义和恒心不再不相称，而官阶、名誉和权势至少受到百年猛烈的抨击。
毕竟是有人热衷于为民谋福利；为减轻民众的痛苦而奔走，为开发民智而雄心万丈，尽管有人说这些恰巧是野心勃勃的人，绝大多数不可信任。
毫无疑问，雄心大志期望的是荣耀、财富、爱情、名气、成就、享乐、完美。
当然，命运怎样对待我们的理想和期待不可预料。
有些梦想，始于大公无私的初衷，其结果是积怨结仇；有的梦想，起先纯粹是出干自谋私利，但到头来却称善于人梦想结果的不可预见性决不是停止梦想的理由。
诚然，说到野心，即使并不掺杂超过敢于向上爬这样目的的纯粹事情，也不会让人感到前程似锦。
如同酒鬼之嗜酒，执着的人怀有野心——使它声名狼藉。
就像嗜酒如命一样，野心也总是欲壑难填。
有些人不能控制野心；给他人带来灾难，这就不单单是野心人的问题。
虽然如此，这当中似乎没有一点充分的理由将野心驱逐到见不得人的暗处。
在人们数落野心的种种不是时，野心能坏到什么极至呢?兹列一份略带偏见的清单：首先，野心常常反社会，如今确实风光不再，它属于个人主义比今天更受重视和有用的年代。
具有强烈野心的人无视集体利益：与社会离心离德，惟我独尊，我行我素。
个人主义与个人野心紧密相连。
心怀野心的人，完全不把自己和自己的命运与团体等同起来，只想出人头地。
具有野心的男人或女人将世界视为战场：竞争是他们最重要的情感：世界提供了为数有限的奖项，他们也坚决要去摘取自己的桂冠。
进一步说，野心就是狡诈；它能劝服心怀此胎的人相信，他们为自己所做的事情对每个人都有好处——满足他们的私欲对国家最为有利。
研究生英语综合教程英语原文Unit7
研究生英语综合教程英语原文Unit7Unit Seven ON HUMAN NATURE Frank and Lydia Hammer1 Human nature is the basis of character, the temperament and disposition; it is that indestructible matrix upon which the character is built, and whose shape it must take and keep throughout life. This we call a person's nature.2 The basic nature of human beings does not and cannot change. It is only the surface that is capable of alteration, improvement and refinement; we can alter only people's customs, manners, dress and habits. A study of history reveals that the people who walked this earth in antiquity were moved by the same fundamental forces, were swayed by the same passions, and had the same aspirations as the men and women of today. The pursuit of happiness still engrosses mankind the world over.3 Moreover no one wishes his nature to change. One may covet the position of President or King, but would not change places with them unless, it meant the continuance of his own identify. Each man sees himself as unique, and so far as he is concerned the hub of the universe, different from any other individual. Apologies are in order when Mr. Smith is mistaken for Mr. Jones.4 Every man unfolds a distinct character over which circumstances and education have only the most limited control. No two people will ever draw the same conclusions from the same experiences, but each must interpret events and fit them into the mosaic of his own life's pattern. Human nature is ever true itself, not to systems of faith or education. Each holds to the structure of the mold into which the soul was cast at the time of its individualization. The qualities born in one remain aspotentials whether they have a chance to develop or not. Under pressure, or change of interest, they can partially or wholly disappear from view, tor considerable periods of time; but nothing can permanently modify them, nothing can obliterate them.5 The constancy of human nature is proverbial, as no one believes that a man can fundamentally change his nature. This is why it is so difficult for one who has acquired an unsavory reputation to re-establish himself in public confidence. People know from experience that an individual who in one year displays knavish characteristics- seldom in the next becomes any different. Nor does a thief become a trustworthy employee, or a miser a philanthropist. Nor does a man change and become a liar, coward or traitor at fifty or sixty; if he is one then, he has been one ever since his character was formed. Big criminals are first little criminals, just as giant oaks are first little acorns.6 Although man is potentially perfect he is far from being actually so. If he were actually perfect there would be nothing for preachers and humanitarians to do; no use for churches, schools, courts and prisons. Therefore while it is impossible to change human nature, it can be studied, controlled and directed, and this should be the supreme function of our religious, educational and social institutions.7 Man is perfect as a seed is perfect, germinally. The spirit is perfect, but when it inhabits human structures, it participates in the imperfections of the later; and during its association with matter takes on the mortal weakness, desires and limitations. But the spirit, the inner man, remains untouched and undefiled by evil. Only the outer man- the personality and the physical body- becomes imperfect, due to ignorance, wrong thinking andviolation of the law of being. The outerman, too, was originally perfect, but man has so desecrated and abused it that today it is a far cry from the original model.8 Man's majesty and nobility are taken for granted, although his faults and weaknesses are constantly paraded before our eyes. Only when behavior deviates from the normal does it attract attention. The good neighbor, the conscientious citizen, the kind father and faithful husband pass unnoticed. But the murderer, robber or wife beater is singled out for ublicity, because such conduct is unusual.9 Man's inherent goodness, moreover, is revealed by his countless acts of heroism, unselfishness and sacrifice. Daily one reads of men saving others at the peril of their own lives. One plunges into the surf and rescues a swimmer from drowning; another dashes into a burning house and carries a stranger to safety; others snatch a child from the wheels of death; many give their blood so that others may live. Countless unnamed and unrecorded men have given their lives for their fellowmen, not only on the battlefront but on the home- front as well.10Human nature does not and cannot change but unfolds its inherent pattern. Man has a nature and its laws can be known. We can only endeavor to understand man as he is.。
研究生英语系列教材上unit7 原文+翻译
Unit SevenON HUMAN NATURE Frank and Lydia Hammer我对人类的了解越多，对他们的期望就越低。
和以前相比，我现在常常以较宽松的标准把一个人叫做好人。
——塞缪尔·约翰逊博士论人性弗兰克，莉迪亚·汉默尔Human nature is the basis of character, the temperament and disposition; it is that indestructible matrix upon which the character is built, and whose shape it must take and keep throughout life. This we call a person's nature.人性是性格、气质和性情的基础，性格正是基于这种牢不可破的基质之上的，它必须以这种基质的形式存在，并将它保留终生，这种基质，我们称之为一个人的本性。
The basic nature of human beings does not and cannot change. It is only the surface that is capable of alteration, improvement and refinement; we can alter only people's customs, manners, dress and habits.A study of history reveals that the people who walked thisearth in antiquity were moved by the same fundamental forces, were swayed by the same passions, and had the same aspirations as the men and women of today. The pursuit of happiness still engrosses mankind the world over.人类的本性不会也不能改变，只有一些表面特征才会变化、改善和进一步提升；我们可以改变人们的风格、举止、衣着和习惯。
研究生英语多维教程熟谙课后题答案
***Book II2. graduationUnit 1 3. intendA. 4. getting1. assess 5. eventually2. alliance 6. survey3. outcome 7. although4. ethical 8. graduates5. identity 9. transfer6. ambiguous 10. rise7. tolerable 11. attending8. participates 12. instead9. pursuit 13. cause10. constructive 14. becauseB. 15. attending1. at stake 16. below2. were obliged 17. failure3. the climate of 18. expectations4. feel well-equipped 19. confidence5. beyond my grasp 20. education6. cut backKey to the translation from English to Chinese: 7. other than8. rise above1.德.汤说过，一切进步，一切发展均来自挑战及由此引起9. care about的反应。
没有挑战就没有反应，没有发展，没有自由。
所10. is bounded以，我们首先应该在我们孩子的能力允许的范围内为他们C.开设最严格最富有挑战性的课程。
1. incompetent2. indulgence2.我们可以向我们的孩子提供第二个机会是允许他们有3. migrants失败的权力。
德.纽伊写道：“不仅是一种特权，也是一种4. probes考验。
”如果没有人可以失败，那它算什么考验，算什么5. complex自由呢？美国可以向所有在高中读者完四年课程而不管6. suspense; engaged其是否取得任何明显收获的学生发放毕业文凭的日子已7. compassionate; committed经一去不复返了。
研究生英语多维教程(谙熟)翻译及改错答案
1. 当今的大学生，尽管他们努力地想使自己成才，但对未来还是很模糊的。
(establish oneself)Today's university students are struggling to establish themselves, but they still have ambiguous feelings about their future.2. 一个人如果不能找到自我以外的中心，就不能实现他的自我价值。
所以，理想的本科教育必须使学生超越自我。
(transcend)A man cannot find himself without finding a center beyond hi. So the idealism of the undergraduate experience must help the student transcend himself.3. 我们强烈地希望在大学所学到的知识在今后的工作与学习中能起到重要的作用。
(reveal oneself)We eagerly hope that the lessons leaned in the university will reveal themselves in our performance in the workplace and further education.4. 四年的本科学习是走向成功生活的唯一道路，这种说法是无法接受的.(go unchallenged)It cannot go unchallenged to say that the 4-year undergraduate experience is the only path to success in life.5. 在对一个关键的问题作结论时，如果只相信所谓的专家而不相信自己，不根据调查的结果，不根据实验的数据，那是在冒险。
(run the risk of；blind faith in)We run the risk of making critical decisions, not on the basis of what we know, the findings of investigations, and the data of experiments, but on the basis of blind faith in professed experts.6. 我们的事业需要一批受过良好教育又能关心他人的年轻人，他们能团结一致，相互学习，积极参加四化建设。
研究生英语多维教程熟谙(正文翻译+课后练习参考答案)
Unit1 从能力到责任当代的大学生对他们在社会中所扮演的角色的认识模糊不清。
他们致力于寻求在他们看来似乎是最现实的东西：追求安全保障，追逐物质财富的积累。
年轻人努力想使自己成人成才、有所作为，但他们对未来的认识还是很模糊的。
处于像他们这样前程未定的年龄阶段，他们该信仰什么?大学生一直在寻找真我的所在，寻找生活的意义。
一如芸芸众生的我们，他们也陷入了两难的境地。
一方面，他们崇尚奉献于人的理想主义，而另一方面，他们又经不住自身利益的诱惑，陷入利己主义的世界里欲罢不能。
最终而言，大学教育素质的衡量取决于毕业生是否愿意为他们所处的社会和赖以生存的城市作出贡献。
尼布尔曾经写道：“一个人只有意识到对社会所负有的责任，他才能够认识到自身的潜力。
一个人如果一味地以自我为中心，他将会失去自我。
”本科教育必须对这种带有理想主义色彩的观念进行自我深省，使学生超越以自我为中心的观念，以诚相待，服务社会。
在这一个竞争激烈＼残酷的社会，人们期望大学生能报以正直、文明，，甚至富有同情心的人格品质去与人竞争，这是否已是一种奢望?人们期望大学的人文教育会有助于培养学生的人际交往能力，如今是否仍然适合?毫无疑问，大学生应该履行公民的义务。
美国的教育必须立刻采取行动，使教育理所当然地承担起弥合公共政策与公众的理解程度之间的极具危险性且在日益加深的沟壑这一职责。
那些要求人们积极思考政府的议程并提供富于创意的意见的信息似乎越来越让我们感到事不关己。
所以很多人认为想通过公众的参与来解决复杂的公共问题已不再可能行得通。
设想，怎么可能让一些非专业人士去讨论必然带来相应后果的政府决策的问题，而他们甚至连语言的使用都存在困难?核能的使用应该扩大还是削弱?水资源能保证充足的供应吗?怎样控制军备竞赛?大气污染的安全标准是多少?甚至连人类的起源与灭绝这样近乎玄乎的问题也会被列入政治议事日程。
类似的一头雾水的感觉，公众曾经尝试过。
当他们试图弄懂有关“星球大战”的辩论的问题时，那些关于“威慑”与“反威慑”等高科技的专业术语，曾让公众一筹莫展。
研究生英语系列教程多维教程熟谙作文
研究生英语系列教程多维教程熟谙作文研究生英语系列教程多位教程熟谙作文Unit 1 My View on Some Problems in China's Higher EducationWith the development of our society, higher education has achieved many significant results. But t here are some problems in China’s higher education. Some of them need to be solved urgently. Traditional education methods make students think the most important task is learning knowledge in books. So many college students work hard and manage to get high points. They do not care ab out whether they grasp it or not. It doesn’t mean their abilities to think out creative ideas and to do practice has be improved. In fact students’ abilities to deal with problems are weak.Higher education ignores how important it is to help these young students get harmonious personn el relationship in society. Many students have high IQ but low EQ. It’s hard for these boys and girl s to tolerate others’ opinions and behaviors.Many universities have not give students plenty of opportunities to do practice. Graduates find so metimes it is hard to use the knowledge into their jobs.How to solve these problems? It needs the whole society to make great efforts. Society should cha nge their concept about higher education. People should know the destination of higher education is to make students understand how to learn, how to live and how to solve actual problems.Universities should give opportunities to students of do practice and finally solve them by the mselves. Professors should conduct them but not to take the place of students.Finally there should be friendly atmosphere on campus. Boys and girls communicate smoothl y and help each other. To keep good personnel relationship is very necessary in society. So now th ey should learn how to do during college life.Unit 3 Bicycles in ChinaBicycles are very popular in China. In our country you can see bicycles almost everywhere. When you walk on the road, you will find a lot of people riding bicycles to school, shops and anywhere else. Therefore, China is known as "the kingdom of bicycles". In China, many families have one or two bicycles.Compared with cars, bicycles have many advantages. First, they are much cheaper than cars.Most Chinese can't afford cars, but they can afford bicycles. Second, bicycles are small enough to parkanywhere, while cars need a larger piece of land to park. Third , take bicycles everyday can keep our healty ,reduse envirenment polution,What's more, with lower speed, bicycles are safer than cars.However, bicycles also bring some problems. Some riders don't obey the traffic rules and some riders don't think about others' safety. So they ride too fast. During rush hours, too many bicycles may cause traffic jams. We still have a long way to go to solve the problem.Unit 4 What’s a Healthy Family?With the development of our society, more and more family develop to a new pattern. Under s uch background, what’s a healthy family? That is a new question we should to solve. Yes. The fam ily now is different from the past. New challenges challenge this family pattern. In my opinion, a h ealthy family should be provided with the following several conditions.Firstly, a healthy family should be a system of sharingresponsibility. A family is like a small collective. Everyone in the family undertake the obligation of maintenance the family. Every famil y member supports each other, just like every member in the collective.Secondly, every member should respect for each other’s privacy. That is not mean we don’t communicate with each other. What we mean is that moderate space is necessary for everyone. A lthough family relationship is close, but no secret will make people feel uncomfortable.Thirdly, the ability to bring quarrels to a quick and satisfying conclusion is very important. M any people believe that the closest people to the more likely to fight. Then how to solve these quar rels seems to become a headache problem. In fact, understanding each other is the most valuable wealth we should haveespecially in family members. No matter what quarrels you have, a good de aling way is necessary for you. Overall, a healthy family requires many conditions. Besides what wehave refered, clear parental guidelines on right and wrong, easy interaction among all family m embers is necessary.In a word, a healthy family need all of the family members try hard.Unit 5 Being the Only ChildWith the Chinese policy of Birth Control,it cannot be denied that nowadays the fact that most of C hinese children are the only child in their families takes shape.And the issue of the only child has been brought public focus.Being the only child,we can get the full love from our parents they consider us their most pr ecious treasure.So they devote their every energy to our growth.We do not have to do too muchh ousework or something like that from an early age.All we are expected to do is to keep our health, study and live a happy life.And whenever we get into trouble our parents will spare no effort to he lp us get rid of it.However,no garden without weeds.Being the only child probably spoils us a lot, which makes us self-willed,irritable and selfish.We often ignore others’ feelings and it cause con flict easier with our friends,even hurt each other.On the other hand,as the only child,we are lonely during the whole growth process with nobody of the same age giving a shoulder to lean when we a re depressed.What a shame it is!Anyhow,the only child as we are,we still need to be strong enough to confront life by our own.Unit6 My View on the Relation between Humans and Nature The relation between humans and nature is an important issue to the evolution of culture and civili zation. How to deal with the relation between ourselves and nature is quite significant to our daily life and the future of humans. The comments on this topic are various from different aspects.For a long time, there has been a general belief that human being is the master of nature, thus man can triumph over nature. Our ancestors managed to make a living on the earth regardless of countl ess disasters caused by the harsh nature. In this perspective, humans are the great master of nature. On the contrary, we have to adapt to the environment around us. A great deal of evidence show th at, more than once, no matter how advanced our modern technology is, nature is far beyond our co ntrol. When we meet disaster, such as earthquake, drought or tsunami, we can do nothing but to ta ke measures to reduce the loss, because the destructive power of nature is not under control.As far as I am concerned, however, the two kinds of views are not contradictory at all. We human beings are only part of the nature. In my view, we ought to hold the viewpoint that the relationship between humans and nature should be tender and interpersonal. In any case, only if we follow the law of nature can we benefit form nature; otherwise, we will be punished by it seriously. All in all, we should try our endeavor to construct the harmonious society and to protect the ecological bala nce.。