会计基础双语经典教程
基础会计(双语)教学说课
精心整理课程教案2014—2015学年第二学期课程名称：会计英语Part1Basicofaccounting1.WhatisaccountinganditsroleinBusinessAccountingbranches2.Financialstatements⏹Balancesheet⏹Incomestatement⏹Statementofcashflows⏹StatementofchangesinequityAssets⏹Assetsarevaluableresourcesownedbytheentity.4.Conceptsthatgovernallaccounting⏹(5)Theasset-measurementconcept资产计量Ifreliableinformationisavailable,anassetismeasuredasitsfairvalue. Thefairvalueofmostassetsisknownonthedatetheassetwasacquiredbecausethebuyerandtheselleragreedonthea mount.⏹Ingeneral,assetssuchasland,buildings,equipment,andinventorieshavethischaracteristic:⏹Theirfairvaluecan’tbereliablymeasuredexceptatthetimetheywereacquired.⏹Theyarereportedatcostoranumberbasedoncost.⏹Theassets-measurementconceptcombinesbothtypesofassets:⏹Ifreliableinformationisavailable,theamountofanassetismeasuredatits______;otherwisethemeasurementisb asedonits_______.Whymeasuringassetsatcost?⏹Estimatingfairvalueofeachassetmaybeexpensiveandunreliable.⏹Manyassetsarenotgoingtobesoldinthenearfuture.Theentityandthosewhouseitsbalancesheetthereforedon’tn eedtoknowthefairvalueoftheseassets.⏹Monetaryassets,forexample,cash,securitiesandbonds,arethosethathaveaclaimonaspecifiedamountofmone y.⏹Land,buildings,equipmentandinventoryarenonmometaryassets.⏹Ingeneral,monetaryassetsarereportedat________;⏹Nonmonetaryassetsarereportedat___________.⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹oxes.Assets⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹Whichofthesewouldqualifyasassetsofacompanythatsellsdresses?A.Thecompany’srighttocollectamountsowedbycustomers.B.Regulardressesheldforsale.C.Dressesthatnoonewantsbecausetheyhavegoneoutofstyle.D.Acashregisterinworkingcondition.E.Acashregisterthatdoesn’tworkandcan’tberepaired.Assets⏹Cashandotherassetsthatareexpectedtobeconvertedintocashorusedupinthenearfuture,usuallywithinoneyear ,arecurrentassets.⏹Assetsthatareexpectedtobeusefulforlongerthanonefutureyeararecallednoncurrentassets.Liabilities⏹Liabilitiescanberegardedeitherasclaimsagainsttheassetsorasoneofsourcesfromwhichtheassetswereacquired.Liabilities⏹Currentliabilitiesareclaimsthatbecomeduewithina[short/long]time,usuallyin________.⏹Noncurrentliabilitiesduewithina[short/long]time,usuallyin________.CurrentRatio⏹Thecurrentassetsandcurrentliabilitiesindicatetheentity’sabilitytomeetitscurrentobligations—CurrentRatio .thecurrentratio=currentassets/currentliabilities※acurrentratioofatleast2to1isdesirable.Equity•Atruckownedbyanentityandusedtotransportitsowngoodsisinventories.[T/F/Notgiven] TangibleAssets&IntangibleAssetsTangibleAssets—havephysicalsubstance,canbetouched(Inventory,Plant,Equipment,Buildings,Trucks,Mac hines,etc.)IntangibleAssets—havenophysic alsubstance,can’tbetouched(PatentsandTrademarks,Goodwill,etc.) •Afireinsurancepolicythatprotectstheentityagainstlossescausedbyfiredamage[is/isn’t]anasset.•Andbecausethepolicycoversonlyashortperiodoftime,theassetisa[current/noncurrent]asset.•Theinsurancepolicyhavenophysicalsubstance,exceptasapieceofpaper,soitisa(an)_________asset. •PrepaidExpenseisthenameforintangibleassetsthatwillbeusedupinthenearfuture.Theyareintangiblecurrenta sset,suchasprepaidinsurancepolicy.NoncurrentAssets •Noncurrentassetsareexpectedtobeusedintheentityformorethan_________.(howlong) •Property,PlantandEquipmentare_________.BalanceSheetshowsthe[cost/fairvalue]ofnoncurrentassets. Exhibit1alsoshowsthataportionofthecostofthisassethasbeensubtractedfromtheoriginalcostbecauseithasbee••Netidentifiableassets_______•GradypaidBaker$1,400,000•Therefore,goodwillwas_______CurrentliabilitiesCurrentliabilitiesareobligationsdueinthenearfuture,usuallywithinoneyear.•AccountsPayable•BankLoanPayable•AccruedLiabilities•AccountsPayablearetheoppositeofAccounts______;thatistheyareamountsthat[thecompanyowestoitssuppli ers/areowedtothecompanybyitscustomers]. •SmithCompanysoldapersonalcomputertoBrownCompanyfor$3,000.BrownCompanyagreedtopayforitwith in60days.InBalanceSheet,SmithCompanywouldreportthe$3,000asAccounts______andBrownCompanywo uldreporttheamountasAccounts________. •BankLoanPayableisreportedseparatelyfromAccountsPayablebecausethedebtisevidencedbyapromissoryno te.※Amountsowedtoemployeesandothersforservicestheyhaveprovidedforwhichtheyhavenotbeenpaidarelist•Theamountsofassets,liabilitiesandequityofanentity[remainconstant/changefromdaytoday].Thereforethea mountsshownonitsbalancesheetalso[remainconstant/change]. •Eacheventthatisrecordedintheaccountingrecordsiscalledatransaction. •Cashismoneyonhandandmoneyinbankaccountsthatcanbewithdrawnatanytime.OnJanuary2,ifJohnSmithde posited$8,500 inthebankinsteadof$10,000andkept$1,500inthecashregister,itscashatthecloseofbusinessonJanuary2wouldbe________. •Amountsonabalancesheetarelistedaccordingtothecurrency.Generally,theitemwiththemostcurrentislistedfir st.•Long-termDebt•AccountsPayable(duein60days)•Whenanentityborrowsmoney,itmaysignawrittenpromisetorepay.Suchawrittenpromiseistermedanote.Fore xample,ifBusinessAborrowsmoneyfromBusinessB,signinganote,BusinessAwillrecorda[notereceivable/not epayable]onitsbalancesheet,whileBusinessBwillrecorda_______. •Asweknowthatprofitableoperationsresultinanincreaseinequity,specificallyintheitemR______________. •Example:•OnJanuary3,GlendaleMarketborrowed$5,000cashfromabank,givinganotetherefore.•OnJanuary4,GlendaleMarketpurchasedreceivedinventorycosting$2,000,payingcash.•OnJanuary5,GlendaleMarketsoldmerchandisefor$300,receivingcash.Themerchandisehadcost200.(Retain•••••••____.•withdrawmerchandisecosting$400.•OnJanuary14,SmithlearnedthatthepersonwhopurchasedthelandonJanuary11for$5,000,solditfor$8,000.Th elotstillownedbyGlendaleMarketwasidenticalinvaluewiththisotherplot.•OnJanuary15,GlendaleMarketpaidoff$2,000ofitsbankloan,givingcash.•OnJanuary16,GlendaleMarketwaschangedtoacorporation.JohnSmithreceived100sharesofcommonstockin exchangeforhis$10,100equityinthebusiness.Heimmediatelysold25ofthesesharesfor$4,000cash.3.IncomeMeasurement•Therearetworeasonsfortheincrease ofanentity’sequity.Oneisthereceiptofcapitalfromitsequityinvestors,thati s_______. •Theotheronesourceofanincreaseistheprofitableoperationoftheentity,thatis_______. Whataffectsandwhatdoesn'taffectRetainedEarnings?✓Borrowing$5,000fromabank✓Thepurchaseofinventorycosting$2,000✓Sellingmerchandisefor$300whichcost$200✓Thepurchaseofmerchandisefor$2,000✓Sellingmerchandisefor$800whichcost$500✓•d.•••••••__.••••TheIncomeStatementreportsflowsduringaperiodoftime,whereastheBalanceSheetreportsstatusasofapointof time.•ThustheIncomeStatementmaybecalleda[flow/status]report,andtheBalanceSheetmaybecalleda[flow/status] report. •Theincomestatementreportsrevenuesandexpensesfortheperiodandthedifferencebetweenthem. GlendaleMarketIncomeStatementfortheperiodJanuary2-8Revenue……………………………..$2,000Expense………………………………$1,300Income………………………………..$700Exercise:OnJanuary2,JohnBrownstartedtheBrownCompany,InJanuary,BrownCompanydidthefollowingthings: •Itreceived$5,000cashfromJohnBrownasitscapital.•Itborrowed$10,000fromabank,givinganotetherefore.•Itpurchased$4,000ofinventoryforcash.•Itsold$2,000ofitsinventoryfor$6,000toacustomer,whopaid$3,500cashandagreedtopay$2,500within30days .•Itpurchasedanautofor$7,000.Itpaid$2,000downandgaveanotetotheauto-mobiledealerfortheremaining$5,0LearningObjectives •Thenatureoftheaccountandhowentriesaremadetoaccounts. •Themeaningofdebitandcredit.•Useoftheledgerandthejournal.•Theclosingprocess.•Itemsreportedontheincomestatement.•Attheendofanaccountingperiod,theincreasesareaddedtothebeginningbalance,andthetotalofthedecreasesiss ubtractedfromit.Theresultisthenewbalance.Cash•••••••de.•••••Decreasesinequityare[debits/credits]. •Exhibit3•Recordthefollowingtransactionsintheaccounts.•A.Inventorycosting$600waspurchasedforcash. •B.Inventorycosting$400waspurchasedoncredit.Cash•C.GreenCompanypaid$300toacreditor.•D.GreenCompanyreceived$500 incashfromacreditcustomer. •Becausethetotalofthedebitentriesforanytransactionshouldalwaysequalthetotalofthecreditentries,itiseasyto checktheaccuracywithwhichbookkeepingisdone.IncomeStatementAccounts •IncomeStatementreportstherevenuesandtheexpensesofanaccountingperiodandthedifferencebetweenthem, whichis______.•Aswesee,foreachjournalentry,theaccounttobedebitedislistedfirstandtheaccounttobecreditedislistedbelow, andisindented.•Dr:__________……………•Cr:____________…………..•※Ifyouareuncertainastowhetheraparticularaccountistobedebitedorcredited,youusuallycanfindoutbyr eferringtotheotheraccountintheentry.•e.•••••••hereforetemporaryaccounts.Theyarestartedoveratthebeginningofeachperiod. •Theassetaccountshave[debit/credit/zero]balancesandtheliabilityandequityaccountshave[debit/credit/zero] balances.Thesesaccountsarecarriedforwardtothenextperiod. •Incomestatementaccountsare[temporary/permanent]accountsandbalancesheetaccountsare[temporary/per manent]accounts. •Managementneedsmoredetailedinformationthaniscontainedinthefinancialstatements. •Forexample,insteadofoneaccount,AccountsReceivable,itneedsanaccountforeachcustomersothattheamoun towedbyeachcustomerisknown.Thereforetheledgerusuallycontainsmanymoreaccountsthanthereareitemson thefinancialstatements.Anoteoncomputer •Advantagesoverthemanualsystem •WeaknessChapter4RevenuesandMonetaryAssetsReviewPart:⏹Themeaningofdebitandcredit.IncreasesinassetsareDr.DecreasesinassetsareCr.IncreasesinliabilitiesandequityareCr.DecreasesinliabilitiesandequityareDr.IncreasesinrevenuesareCr.IncreasesinexpensesareDr.⏹ThejournalandtheledgerAnytransactionrequiresatleasttwochangesintheaccounts.Thesechangesarerecordedfirstinthejournaland⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹Recognize decreases inequityassoonastheyarereasonably possible.4.MaterialityConcept（重要性原则）⏹Thematerialityconcepthastwoparts:Disregardtrivial(unimportant)matters,Discloseallimportantmatters.Example:p72,4-25,4-265.Realizationconcept（实现性原则）⏹Itdescribeswhenrevenueisrecognized.Whentheproducts(goodsandservices)aredelivered,therevenue isrealized.Example:p73,4-31;P74,4-35,4-36InJanuary,LorenCompanysoldmotorcyclefor$3,800anddeliveredittoJeanMatthews.Matthewsagreedtopayf orthemotorcyclein30days.Inthiscaserevenuesisrecognizedinthemonthbeforetherelatedcashreceipt.✓Whenrevenueisrecognizedbeforetherelatedcashreceiptandtherevenueisaccompaniedbytherighttocollec tthecash.Theentityforthesaleofthemotorcycleoncreditis:Dr.AccountsReceivable 3,800Cr.SalesRevenue 3,800⏹Whenacustomerpaysanentityforacreditpurchase,theentityrecordsanincreaseinCashandacorresponding decreaseinAccountsReceivable.WhenLorenCompanyreceivesacheckfor$3,800fromMatthewsinFebruary,LorenCompanymakesthefollowi ngentry:Dr.Cash 3,800⏹stomers⏹⏹⏹⏹ncept.⏹Cr.AllowanceforDoubtfulAccounts 10,000BadDebtExpense（坏帐费用）⏹Itisusedtorecordthedecreaseinequity.⏹TheentrytorecordLorenCompany’sestimatethatBadDebtExpenseshould beincreasedby$10,000andanAllo wanceforDoubtfulAccountsof$10,000shouldbeestimatedis:Dr.BadDebtExpense 10,000Cr.AllowanceforDoubtfulAccounts10,000Itemsinthebalancesheet⏹AccountsReceivables,gross$125,000LessAllowanceforDoubtfulAccounts-10,000AccountsReceivable,net 115,0006.Baddebtwrittenoff（注销）⏹In2006,LorenCompanyrecognizesthatitisnevergoingtocollectthe$3,000owedbyAustin.Itdoesthisbydecrea singAccountsReceivableandalsodecreasingAllowanceforDoubtfulAccounts.Writetheentryforthistransactio n.Dr.AllowanceforDoubtfulAccounts 3,000Cr.AccountsReceivable 3,0007.MonetaryAssets⏹Monetaryassetsarecashandpromisesbyanoutsidepartytopaytheentityaspecifiedamountofmoney.Whichoft hefollowingassetsaremonetaryassets?⏹Inventory⏹AccountsreceivableChapter5ExpenseMeasurement;TheIncomeStatementReviewPart:⏹Inordertomeasurethenetincomeofaperiod,wemustmeasurerevenuesandexpensesofthatperiod,andthisrequirestheuseofaccrualaccounting.Itismoreusefulandmorecomplicatedthancashaccounting. Conservatismconcept（稳健性原则）⏹Theconservatismhastwoparts:Recognize increases inequityonlywhentheyarereasonably certain.Recognize decreases inequityassoonastheyarereasonably possible.AllowanceforDoubtfulAccounts（备抵坏帐）MaterialityConcept（重要性原则）⏹Thematerialityconcepthastwoparts:⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹Example:p91,5-22,5-23PrepaidExpensesThegeneralnameforintangibleassetsthatwillbecomeexpensesinafutureperiodisprepaidexpenses.Forexa mple,PrepaidInsuranceExample:⏹BryanCompanypurchasedatwo-yearinsuranceonDecember31,2005for$2,000.Recordthejournalentryforthi stransaction.⏹During2006BryanCompanyuseduphalfofthisinsuranceprotection,therebyincurring$1,000ofinsuranceexpe nse.Theeffectontheaccountantsin2006isadecreaseintheassetPrepaidInsuranceandanincreaseinInsuranceExp ense.Recordthejournalentryfor2006.DepreciationExpense（折旧费用）⏹IfBryanCompanyboughtamachinefor$5,000andexpectedittoprovideserviceforfiveyears,theamountofexpir edcostineachyearprobablywouldbe1/5of$5,000.Ineachofthefiveyears_______________wouldbereportedas $_______.4.Expensethatcreateliabilities⏹Wehavedescribedexpendituresthatfirstwereassetsandthenbecameexpensesasthecostsexpired.Wenowdescr ibeexpensesforwhichtherelatedexpendituresareliabilities.AccruedLiabilities（应计负债）⏹Inthelastweekof2005,EastmanCompanyhadasalaryexpenseof$10,000,whichwasnotpaidtoitsemployees.W ritethejournalentryforthistransaction.Dr.SalaryExpense10,000Cr.AccruedSalaries 10,000⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹Losses⏹⏹⏹⏹Example:Exhibit8Percentages⏹Grossmarginpercentage（毛利润率）=Grossmargin/Salesrevenue⏹Netincomepercentage（净收入百分比）Chapter6InventoriesandCostofSalesReviewPart:⏹Thedual-aspectconcept⏹Themoney-measurementconcept⏹Theentityconcept⏹Thegoing-concernconcept⏹Theasset-measurementconcept⏹Theconservatismconcept⏹Thematerialityconcept⏹Therealizationconcept⏹Thematchingconcept⏹physicalinventory（物理盘存）Sinceitspurposeistofindthecostofthegoodsthatweresold,eachitemisreportedatitscost.4.Inventoryvaluation:assumptions✓ManycompaniesmakestheFirst-InFirst-Out(FIFO)assumption,forfinancialaccountingpurposesonly.Theyassumethatthegoodsthatcameintotheinventoryfirstarethefirsttomoveout.✓TheLIFOmethodassumestheopposite,namely,thatthenewestunits,whichweretheLastIn,werethefirstt obesold;thatis,thattheywereFirstOut;hencethenameLast-InFirst-Out.✓Average-costmethodcalculatesthecostofboththeendinginventoryandthecostofsalesattheaveragecost perunitofthegoodsavailable.Example:Exhibit9parisonofinventorymethodsFromExhibit9,weseethedifferentcostofsalesindifferentmethods.Theconclusion,thehighercostofsales,thelowerthetaxableincome.Thelowerthetaxableincome,thelowerwillbe paniesusuallyprefertopayaslowasincometaxastheylegallycan.Theref ore,theypreferthemethodthatresultsinhighercostofsales.Ifpricesarerising,(I.e.inflation)thisisusuallytheLIFO method.6.Inventoryvaluation:adjustmenttomarketTheconservatismconceptrequiresthatwereducetheinventoryaccounttotheloweramount.Ifthefairvalue(m arketvalue)ofanitemofinventoryattheendofanaccountingperiodislowerthanitsoriginalcost,t heitemis“written down”（减抵帐面价值）toitsfairvalue.⏹Iftheoriginalcostofanitemwas$100andthecurrentfairvalueis$80,theinventoryshouldbewrittendownby$20,t husthejournalentryis:⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹Theinventoryturnoverratioshowshowmanytimestheinventoryturnedoverduringayear,whichequalsto: CostofSales/InventoryTheinventoryturnoveroffivetimesisgenerallybetterthanfourtimes.However,ifinventoryistoosmall,order sfromcustomersmaynotbefilledpromptly,whichcanresultinlostsalesrevenue.TheturnoverratiocanbeincreasedeitherbysellingmoregoodswiththesamelevelofinventoryorbyhavinglesGoodsavailableforsaleendingiMethodsofarrivingatinventoryamounts–coHowoverheadratesarecalculatedsetotheentityforlongerthanoneyear.Onthebalancesheet,tangiblenoncurrentassetsareoftenlabeledfixedassets, orproperty,plant,andequipment.2.AccountingForAcquisitionsWhenanitemofplantisacquired,itisrecordedintheaccountsatitscost.Thisisbecauseitisanonmonetaryasset .Thecostofanassetincludesallcostincurredtomaketheassetreadyforitsintendeduse.Forexample,whenbuyi nga plotofland,thecostincludesbroker’sfee,legalfees,etc.Whenbuyingacomputer,thecostincludestransportati onandinstallationcharges.Ifanentityconstructsamachineorabuildingwithitsownpersonnel,allcostsincurredin constructionareincludedintheassetamount.P129,7-83.CapitalLease(资本租赁)Aleaseforalongtime–almostthewholelifeoftheasset–iscalledacapitallease.Astheentitycontrolstheitemforalmostitswholelife,acapitalleaseisrecordedasanasset.Theamountrecorde dforacapitalleaseistheamounttheentitywouldhavepaidifithadpurchasedtheitemratherthanleasedit.Forexample,ifanentityleasedamachinefor10years,agreeingtopay$10,000peryear,andifthepurchaseprice ofthemachinewas$70,000,thiscapitalleasewouldberecordedasanassetatanamountof______.Thejournalentry is:4.DepreciationAslandisanonmonetaryasset,inaccordancewiththeasset-measurementconcept,landthereforecontinuesto bereportedonthebalancesheetatitsacquisition.Forexample,WaikatoHospitalpurchasedaplotoflandin1990atacostof$100,000,itwouldhavebeenreportedat$100,000ontheDec31, 1990,balancesheet.IfWaikato5.Units-Of-ProductionDepreciation(产量折旧法)Intheunits-of-productionmethod,acostperunitofproductioniscalculated,anddepreciationexpensesforaye arisfoundbymultiplyingthisunitcostbythenumberofunitsthattheassetproducedinthatyear.Forexample,GradyCompanypurchasedatruckin2005for$44,000.Itestimatedthatthetruckwouldprovides ervicesfor100,000milesandwouldhavearesidualvalueof$4,000.Howmuchisthedepreciablecost,itsestimatedcostpermile?In2006,thetruckwasdriven15,000miles.Howm uchisitsdepreciationexpensein2006?6.Straight-lineDepreciation(直线折旧法)Thepercentageofcostchargedoffeachyeariscalledthedepreciationrate.Itisequals1/numberofyearsofservi celifeForexample,ifanassetistobedepreciatedoverfiveyears,thedepreciationrateis___.Ifthedepreciationcostis $9,000andthedepreciationrateis20%,theamountofdepreciationexpenseeachyearwillbe___.7.AcceleratedDepreciation(加速折旧法)Accelerateddepreciationisusedprincipallyincalculatingtaxableincome.8.AccountingforDepreciation⏹P136-1379.SaleofAPlantAsset⏹Gain(orloss)ondispositionofplant 处理工厂设施所处理的增溢或损失⏹Example:P141,7-5710.SignificanceOfDepreciation⏹Thepurposeofdepreciationistowriteoffafairshareofthecostoftheassetineachyearinwhichitprovidesservice.Chapter8LiabilitiesandEquityReviewPart:⏹Howplantassetsarerecordedintheaccounts⏹Themeaningandsignificanceofstraight-lineandaccelerateddepreciation⏹HowdepreciationisrecordedDr.DepreciationExpense 1,000Cr.AccumulatedDepreciation 1,0001.WorkingCapital（营运资本）Thepartofthecurrentassetsnotfinancedbythecurrentliabilitiesiscalledworkingcapital.Therefore,working capitalisthedifferencebetweencurrentassetsandcurrentliabilities.Workingcapital=Currentassets–CurrentLiabilities⏹⏹⏹⏹✓✓The$3,000ofunpaidinterestthatwasanexpensein2005bythefollowingentry:Dr.InterestExpense 3,000Cr.InterestPayable 3,000In2006,whenthisinterestwaspaidtothebondholders,theentryasfollows:Dr.InterestPayable 3,000Cr.Cash 3,0006.TypesofEquityCapitalTherearetwosourcesofequitycapital:⏹Paid-inCapital:Amountspaidinbyequityinvestors,whoaretheentity’sowners.⏹RetainedEarnings:Amountsgeneratedbytheprofitableoperationsoftheentity.7.Proprietorship（个体所有）Someentitiesdonotreportthesetwosourcesseparately.Anunincorporatedbusinessownedbyasingleperson iscalledaproprietorship.Theequityiteminaproprietorshipisoftenreportedbygivingtheproprietor’sname,follo wedbytheword“capital”.Forexample,MaryGreenistheproprietorofGreen’sMarket.Green’sMarkethastotalequityof$10,000.MaryGreen,Capital……………............$10,0008.Partnership（合伙人）Apartnershipisanunincorporatedbusinessownedbytwoormorepersonsjointly.Ifthereareonlyafewpartner s,theequityofeachwouldbeshownseparately.Forexample,JohnBlackandHenryBrownareequalpartnersinalaundrybusiness.OnDecember31,2005,the equityinthebusinesstotaled$100,000.Theequitymightbereportedonthatdateasfollows:.12.RetainedEarningsandDividend⏹TheRetainedEarningsaccountincreasesbytheamountofnetincomeeachperiodanddecreasebytheamountofdi vidends.IfRetainedEarningsare$100,000atthestartofaperiodofaperiodduringwhichadividendof$20,000isdeclare dandduringwhichnetincomeis$30,000,RetainedEarningswillbe_____attheendoftheperiod.⏹Netincomereferstotheincreaseinequityinoneyear,whereasretainedearningsreferstothenetincrease,afterdedu ctionofdividends,overthelifeofthecorporationtodate.13.Distributiontoshareholders⏹Mostcorporationsmakeanannualcashpaymenttotheircommonshareholders.Thisiscalledadividend.Cashdivi denddecreasesshareholderequity.IfCrowleyCompanydeclaredandpaidadividendof$5pershare,andifithad$100,000sharesofcommonstock outstanding,thedividendwouldbe____.ThejournalentrytorecordtheeffectofthisdistributiononCashandRetai nedEarningswouldbe:Dr.RetainedEarnings 500,000Cr.Cash 500,00014.StockSplit（分股）Acompanymaysenditsshareholdersadditionalsharesequaltothenumberofsharestheyown,orevendoubleo rtriplethisnumberofshares.Theymightdothisbecauseitbelievesahighmarketpricepersharehasanundesirablein fluenceintradingthestock.Thisiscalledstocksplit.Theymake“two-for-one”stocksplit.Astocksplithasthesameeffectasastockdividend.Cashisunchanged.RetainedEarningsisunchanged.Them arketpricepersharedecreases.ed.⏹⏹⏹⏹易）nated.P164,8-70,8-71,8-74⏹MinorityInterest（少数股东权益）--Ifashareholderowntheother40%ofacompany,theyareminorityshareholders.Theyhaveaninterestintheconso lidatedentity,andthisinterestisreportedintheliabilitiesandequitysideoftheconsolidatedbalancesheet.⏹Theconsolidatedfinancialstatementsreportontheentitycalled”PalmCompanyandSubsidiaries.”Thisfamilyofcorporatio nsisanecon omicentity, butitisnotal egalentity.t:⏹–⏹ities⏹Proprietorship,Partnership⏹CommonStock&PreferredStock⏹ConsolidatedFinancialStatement⏹Debt/EquityRatio1.Threefinancialstatements⏹BalanceSheet⏹IncomeStatement–focusonprofitability（收益性）--basedonaccrualaccounting⏹CashFlows–focusonliquidity（流动性）&solvency（偿付能力）--basedoncashaccounting StatementofCashFlows⏹CashFlowfromOperatingActivities （经营活动的现金流量表）⏹CashFlowfromInvestingActivities （投资活动的现金流量表）⏹CashFlowfromFinancingActivities （筹资活动的现金流量表）2.Methodstopreparethestatementofcashflows⏹Directmethod⏹Indirectmethod–ismorewidelyusedbecauseitshowstherelationshipbetweentheincomestatementandthebala ncesheetandthereforeaidsintheanalysisofthesestatements.Theindirectmethodusesbalancesheetaccountchangestodeterminewhethersuchchangeshadapositiveorne gativeimpactoncashflow.Sincethebalancesheetmustalwaysstayinbalance,itiseasytodeterminetheimpactonc ashbyanalyzingchangesineachoftheotheraccounts.3.CashflowfromoperatingactivitiesItisthedifferencebetweenoperatingcashinflowsandoperatingcashoutflows.Tofindtheamountofcashflow fromoperatingactivities,wemustmaketwotypesofadjustmentstonetincome:1)2)⏹⏹⏹⏹5.Cashflowfromfinancingactivities⏹Companiesmayobtaincashbyissuingdebtsecurities,suchasbonds.Issuingdebtsecuritiesisafinancingactivity.⏹Theborrowingsreportedinthefinancingsectionarebothshorttermandlong-termborrowings.Whereasshort-ter mborrowingsoftenappearascurrentliabilities,changesinthemarereportedinthesectiononcashflowfromfinanci ngactivities.⏹Aninvestingactivityisnotalwaysacashoutflow,andafinancingactivitiesisnotalwaysacashinflow.esofthestatementofcashflowsTherearethreesectionsinthestatementsofcashflows:cashflowfromoperatingactivities,cashflowfrominvestingactivities,andcashflowfromfinancingactivities.Thecashflowfromoperatingactivitiesisfoundbyadju stingnetincomefordepreciationexpenseandchangesinnoncashcurrentassetsandcurrentliabilities.⏹Depreciationexpenseisnotacashflow.Becauseitdecreasesnetincome,itisaddedbacktonetincomeinordertoarriveatthecashflowfromoperatingactivities.⏹Investingactivitiesincludetheacquisitionofnewfixedassetsandtheproceedsofsellingfixedassets.⏹Financingactivitiesincludeobtainingfundsfromlong-termborrowings,repaymentoftheseborrowingsandobtainingfundsfromissuanceofadditionalstock.⏹Adecreaseincurrentassetsmeansanincreaseincash.Oppositely,adecreaseincurrentliabilitiesmeansadecreaseincash.1.LimitationsoffinancialstatementanalysisP185,186 10-1,10-2,10-3,10-4,10-52.Auditing⏹GAAP:Generallyacceptedaccountingprinciples3.Overallfinancialmeasuresofperformance⏹ROE=Netincome/Equity4.Factorsaffectingreturnonequity⏹Grossmarginpercentage（毛利润率）=Grossmargin/SalesRevenue⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹。
基础会计(英文版)(第二版)Chapter10 Accounts for Partnership a
Sales Cost of Goods Sold Inventory, Jan.1 Purchases Cost of goods available for sale Less: Inventory, Dec. 31 Cost of Goods Sold Gross Profit on Sales Operating expenses:
Partnership Accounting
Closing the Accounts of a Partnership at Year-end
By the end of the first year operation, Guangyi Company had earned a net income of 600 000 yuan, which was divided equally by the two partners:
Gunagli, Captial
180 000
Guanghai, Capital
200 000
Guangli, Drawing
180 000
Guanghai, Drawing
200 000
To transfer debit balances in partners’ drawing accounts to their
Chapter 10
Accounts for Partnership and Distribution of Net Income
Accounts for Partnership
Partnership: a convenient, inexpensive means of combining the capital and the special abilities of two or two partners.
AccountingBasics英语会计基础教学课件
Types of adjusting entries
12
Types of adjusting entries
13
Adjusting entries…
One side of the adjusting journal entry affects an account reported in the income statement (ie revenue or expense) and the other side of the entry affects an account recorded in the balance sheet (asset or liability)
Before we start…
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
D A X C I L DR
+
+
= + + CR
What is the normal balance of…
Accounts receivable? Accounts payable? Machinery? Tax expense? Dividends/Drawings? Share capital? Retained earnings? Sales revenue?
Don’t forget your PASS Session!
A
Monday
11:30
41-203
B
Monday
15:30
19-G006
C
Wednesday
12:30
19-2043
D
Thursday
9:30
19-G006
E
Thursday
基础会计(英文版)(第二版)Chapter05 Sales and Sales Journal[精]
![基础会计(英文版)(第二版)Chapter05 Sales and Sales Journal[精]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/24a74f1f1711cc7930b71612.png)
The Accounting Equation of a Merchandising Business
Revenue from the sales of goods under the Sales account
Merchandise: goods acquired by a merchandising business for resale to its customers in the same physical condition.
Chapter 5 Sales and Sales Journal
Lead-in
Chapter One to Chapter Four: basic accounting concepts and procedures
of a service-type sole proprietorship
Now, accounting practice of a merchandising sole proprietorship
Seller: debiting the Sales Returns and Allowances account and crediting the Accounts Receivable account.
Return: it is a 100% refund to the customer
Example context
Mr Li decides to extend his business to the sale of merchandise and thus opens a store called Guangli Furniture Store, which sells furniture and fixtures.
基础 会计学 英文版教案 english
管理学院教案课程名称：Financial Accounting 1授课对象：会计学专业学时：72学时任课教师：宋晓文河南工业大学管理学院教案Chapter 1 Accounting and the Business Environment Title What is Accounting教案河南工业大学管理学院教案Chapter 1 Accounting and the Business Environment Title What is Accounting教案河南工业大学管理学院教案Chapter 1 Accounting and the Business Environment Title Accounting Concepts and Principles教案河南工业大学管理学院教案Chapter 1 Accounting and the Business Environment Title The accounting equation教案河南工业大学管理学院教案Chapter 1 Accounting and the Business Environment Title Analyzing Business Transactions教案河南工业大学管理学院教案Chapter 1 Accounting and the Business Environment Title Analyzing Business Transactions教案河南工业大学管理学院教案Chapter 1 Accounting and the Business Environment Title Financial Statements教案河南工业大学管理学院教案Chapter 1 Accounting and the Business Environment Title Summary and Exercises教案河南工业大学管理学院教案Chapter 2 Recording Business Transactions Title Double-Entry Accounting教案河南工业大学管理学院教案Chapter 2 Recording Business Transactions Title Ledger, Debit/Credit Rule教案河南工业大学管理学院教案Chapter 2 Recording Business Transactions Title Journal教案河南工业大学管理学院教案Chapter 2 Recording Business Transactions Title Posting教案河南工业大学管理学院教案Chapter 2 Recording Business Transactions Title Trial Balance教案。
会计双语Lesson11
Internal Control of Cash Payments
1. Cash controls must provide assurance that
payments are made for only authorized transactions.
2. Cash controls should ensure that cash is used efficiently.
Question 11.1
• Which of the following items belongs to cash?
• A. IOUs • B. MONEY ORDER • C. NSF checks
Controlling Cash Received from Cash Sales
19 Cash Cash Short and Over Sales To record cash sales and actual cash on hand.
Sample
Controlling Cash Received in the Mail
1. The employee who opens the mail should initially compare the amount received with the amount on the remittance advice.
Lesson 11
Cash Control
Objectives
1. Describe the nature of cash and the importance
of internal coAnfttreorl osvtuedr ycainsgh.this 2. Summarize cbhaaspicteprr,oycoeudusrheosufoldr achieving
会计英语基础会计双语版第三版课程设计
会计英语基础会计双语版第三版课程设计课程概述本课程旨在帮助学习者通过学习会计基础及相关的英语词汇和知识，提高其会计领域的语言沟通和理解能力。
本课程结合了会计和英语学习，以基础会计知识和英语双语教学为主线，融入实际案例分析和交际技巧演练，以提升学习者职业素养，为他们未来的职场发展打下良好的基础。
教材与参考书目•《会计学原理》（第五版，朱进主编，高等教育出版社）•《会计英语基础教程》（第二版，谢宙斌主编，外语教学与研究出版社）课程目标通过学习本课程，学生应当能够：1.熟悉会计基本概念和原则；2.掌握会计基础知识和常用会计报表；3.熟练掌握英语中与会计相关的词汇和表达方式；4.能够运用所学会计知识和英语技能进行语言沟通和理解。
教学内容第一章会计学概述•会计定义及原则•会计发展历程•会计职业道德第二章会计制度与核算•会计核算及其方法•会计科目•会计凭证第三章资产负债表及附注•资产负债表及其基本结构•资产、负债和所有者权益的概念•资产负债表的编制方法和分析第四章利润表及附注•利润表的结构和内容•利润的概念和计算方法•利润表和资产负债表的关系第五章现金流量表•现金的概念和种类•现金流量表的概念及编制方法•现金流量表编制中的注意事项和分析技巧第六章会计报表分析•报表分析和评价的基本方法•资产负债表和利润表分析•财务指标分析的基本概念第七章会计英语初步•会计英语基础语法•常用会计英语词汇•会计英语常用表达方式第八章会计英语应用•会计英语交际技巧和实践•会计英语书写规范和常见错误•会计英语案例分析和应用教学方法•理论学习：讲授会计基础知识和英语规则，并结合相关案例进行解析和应用。
•实践演练：进行英语口语和书写的练习，增加学生语言自信心和实战能力。
•课外自主学习：为了提高学生的自主学习能力，鼓励学生自主查找学习资料和进行课外习题练习。
成绩考核•平时成绩占比：30%•个人作业成绩占比：20%•期中考试成绩占比：25%•期末考试成绩占比：25%课程总结本课程旨在培养学生在会计领域的语言沟通和理解能力，通过学习会计基础及相关的英语知识，提高其职场竞争力。
Accounting Basics英语会计基础教学(10)PPT课件
• Where did the cash come from during the period? • What was the cash used for during the period? • What was the change in the cash balance during
•Current asset and current liability transactions normally result from the operating activities of a company, such as buying and selling merchandise.
Investing activities
1
Chapter 18 The statement of cash flows
WEEK 11 Autumn 2012
ACCY901
第一部分
整体概述
THE FIRST PART OF THE OVERALL OVERVIEW, PLEASE SUMMARIZE THE CONTENT
3
Learning Objectives
• Ability to generate future cash flows • Ability to pay dividends and meet obligations • Reasons for difference between profit and net
cash provided (used) by operating activities • Cash investing and financing transactions for the
会计双语教程课件
3. Post
4. Prepare Unadjusted Trial Balance
5. Adjust
9. Prepare Post-Closing Trial balance
8. Close
7. Prepare Statements
6. Prepare Adjusted Trial Balance
说课内容
●教
材
● 教学对象 ● 教学内容
● 教学目标 ● 教学方法 ● 教学步骤 ● 板书框架
教材
Fundamental Accounting Principles(12th Canadian edition) Kermit rson,Tilly Jensen;
基础会计(第三版) 孙铮主编,上海财经大 学出版社。
Revenues
教学对象
充满朝气和活力的08级中加合作办学市场 营销专业（MAM）专科学生，初学会计 ，基础薄弱。
教学内容
第五章 结账 第二节 记账过程
重点：实账户与虚账户的概念； 结账过程与结账分录。
难点：结账的涵义； 本期损益账户的结构； 结账分录。
教学目标
知识方面：通过本课程教学，学生应能区 分实账户和虚账户，掌握结账的涵义和步 骤。
Learning Objectives
Describe and prepare a worksheet(工作 表) and explain its usefulness
Describe the closing process（结账过程 ） ,temporary accounts and permanent accounts（虚账户和实账户）
Temporary Account虚帐户
财务管理财务会计会计学基础双语讲义
财务管理财务会计会计学基础双语讲义choiceshehas?Suchaswhichpany?4．向学生介绍所选教材的特点及使用方法，让学生掌握正确的学习方法，便于学生课后自学，提高学习效果。
Textbook:IntroductionHowtousethisbook参见part1.ppt第二课程段：教师讲解（60分钟）1．以教材内容为主讲授相关概念，注意讲授中尽量结合日常生活中的事例，使抽象的概念变得浅显易懂。
KeyTerms:accounting,financialstatement,balancesheet,accountingelement,assets,liabilities,equity,accountingequation,thedual-aspectconcept,creditor,investor,themoney-measurementconcept,theentityconcept.2．依据教材特点，边讲边练。
从1-1至1-55，共55小段。
具体内容参见教材及幻灯片。
第三课程段：学生实战（35分钟）1．对教材中出现的实例，由学生自己动手解决问题。
如：1-15，1-16，1-20，1-22，1-23，1-28，1-35，1-36，1-44,etc.2．教师提供部分练习素材，供学生讨论、练习。
并找两名同学在黑板上练习。
3．教师总结本章重点、难点，再次讲解学生在实务练习中存在的问题。
第四课程段：布置课后作业（10分钟）Homework:✶ReviewPart1✶CompletePosttext1onpage229byyourself✶Checktheansweronpage245.✶ReviewPart1again.✶Doexercises1to4.✶PleasepreparingPart2.Exercise11.Junehasabusinesswithassetsintheamountof$60,000andliabilitiesthattotal$35,000.Whatistheamountofherowner’sequity?2.Black’sbusinesshasassetsof$80,000andowner’sequityof$42,000.How mucharetheliabilitiesofhispany?3.SharlaKnox’shasabusinesswithliabilitiesthattotal$21,000andowner ’sequityintheamountof$72,000.Whatisthetotaloftheassets?Exercise2DanPike’spanyhasthefollowingaccountbalanceasofOctober31,2001:Cash$25,000AccountsPayable$5,000Equipment50,000DanPike,capital100,000Automobile36,780DanPike,Drawing15,000Retainedearnings21,780Required:PrepareabalancesheetinaccountformasofOctober31,2001.Exercise3ThetotalassetsandtotalliabilitiesofToys“R”UsInc．andEsteeLauderCompaniesInc.follow．Toys‘‘R’UsEsteeLauderCompanies(in millions) (in millions)Assets$8,003$3,219Liabilities4,5851,867Required:Determinethestockholders’equityofeachpany.Exercise4Determinethemissingamounts(inmillions)forthe2001balancesheets(sum marizedbelow)forTheLimitedInc．，FederalExpressCorporation，andEastmanKodakCo．FederalEastmanThe Limited Express KodakAssets$4,088(b)$13,362Liabilities(a)$5,32310,468Stockholders’equity2,3174,248(C)Part2MoreAbouttheBalanceSheet所需课时：3课时授课时间：2005.9.2910.10课程目标：1．理解并掌握以下会计原则：---持续经营原则---资产计价原则成本（历史成本）市价（公允价格）2．进一步了解和认识资产负债表3．明确资产负债表各具体项目的含义--课程设计：第一课程段：复习前章要点（20分钟）1．会计的定义及特点2．资产负债表的基本要素3．会计基本要素的概念4．会计等式5．3个会计原则第二课程段：教师讲解（70分钟）1以教材内容为主讲授相关概念，并结合企业是计和日常生活中的实例，使抽象的概念变得浅显易懂。
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What is 城市轨道交通 urban rail transport
精品ppt模板
独资企业是由某一所有者投资创办的企业，该所有 者对企业的债务负有无限的责任，但他拥有企业所 有的利润。 个人独资企业的财产归投资人个人所有 个人独资企业的出资人是一个自然人 投资人以其个人财产对企业债务承担无限责任
What is 城市轨道交通 urban rail transport
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You should probably form your business as a corporation if potential lawsuits are of prime concern. The corporation form of organization would protect your potential property from lawsuits directed at the business, and would place only the corporation’s resources at risk. You should also examine the ethical and socially responsible aspects of starting a business where you anticipate injuries to others.
有限责任合伙企业由一个或几个普通合伙人和一个或 几个责任有限的合伙人组成，即合伙人中至少有一个 人要对企业的经营活动负无限责任，而其他合伙人只 能其出资额为限对债务承担偿债责任，因而这类合伙 人一般不直接参与企业经营管理活动。
What is 城市轨道交通 urban rail transport
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Limited liability partnership restricts partners liabilities to their own acts and the acts of the individuals under their control. This protects the innocent partner from the negligence of another partner, yet they are all still responsible for the partnerships debt.
Identify users and uses of accounting.(会计 的作用)
What is 城市轨道交通 urban rail transport
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Forms of Organizations 企业的组织形式
What is 城市轨道交通 urban rail transport
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A separate legal entity.
A corporation is responsible for it’s own acts and own debts.
It can enter into it’s own contracts and can buy, own and sell property.
库存现金和银行存款 “物”的计量
What is 城市轨道交通 urban rail transport
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工业企业的物资流动
现金、银行存款→原材料→在产品→半成品→产成品→现金 、银行存款
商品流通企业的物资流动 现金、银行存款→库存商品→现金、银行存款
What is 城市轨道交通 urban rail transport
There are two types of partnerships.
What is 城市轨道交通 urban rail transport
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合伙企业是由两个或更多合伙人组建的经济实体 财产共有 责任无限 利益共享
常见形式：律师事务所与会计师事务所
What is 城市轨道交通 urban rail transport
No
liability
Unlimited No
No
life
Business No
No
taxed
One owner Yes
No
allowed
What is 城市轨道交通 urban rail transport
精品ppt模板
Corporatio n Yes Yes Yes
Yes Yes Yes
Include not-for-profit and government organizations.
有权的证书就是股票
常见形式：中国石油化工股份有限公司
What is 城市轨道交通 urban rail transport
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股份公司
Sole
Partnershi
Proprietorship p
Business Yes
Yes
Entity
Legal
No
No
entity
Limited No
Are accountable to taxpayers, donors, lenders, legislators, regulators and other continuants.
What is 城市轨道交通 urban rail transport
精品ppt模板
You and a friend have developed a new design for mountain bikes that improves speed and performance by a remarkable 25% to 40%. You are planning to form a small business to manufacture and market these bikes. You and your friend are concerned about potential lawsuits from individuals who may become injured because of using the speed feature of the bikes with reckless abandon. What form of organization do you set up?
企业的三种组织形式：独资企业、合伙企 业与股份公司
What is 城市轨道交通 urban rail transport
精品ppt模板
A business owned by only one person.
Legal requirements - file for a business license and register the business name.
It can sue and be sued.
File their own taxes and pay tax on its profits.
What is 城市轨道交通 urban rail transport
精品ppt模板
股份公司即股份有限公司 股东与股票
按规定向公司投入一定量的资本 公司提供能证明其拥有该公司股份资本所
For accounting purposes, it is considered a separate entity, but, it is not considered a separate legal entity from its owner (unlimited liability).
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A limited partnership includes a general partner(s) with unlimited liability and a limited partner(s) with limited liability with the liability restricted to the amount invested.
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企业的概念
企业是一个生产单位， 它设立的目的是为了实 现利润的最大化；其功 能是把土地、劳动等人 力资本和非人力资本等 生产要素进行投入并转 化为一定的产出。
（新古典经济学的定义 ）
What is 城市轨道交通 urban rail transport
精品ppt模板
企业
Business organizations and nonbusiness organizations
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计划 计划
融资活动 • 所有者投入 (权益) • 非所有者投入 (负债)
融资
融资即是一个企业的资金筹集的行为与过程。也就是公司根据自身的生产 经营状况、资金拥有的状况，以及公司未来经营发展的需要，通过科学的预测和 决策，采用一定的方式，从一定的渠道向公司的投资者和债权人去筹集资金，组 精织品资pp金t模的板供应，以保证公司正常生产需要，经营管理活动需要的理财行为。 What is
A business is one or more individuals selling products or services for profit.
What is 城市轨道交通 urban rail transport
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Businesses take one of three forms: sole proprietorship, partnership, and corprban rail transport
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Business Activity 企业活动