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新SAT文法讲义语法知识点加巩固练习-词法考点

新SAT文法讲义第一章词法Conventions of UsageChapter 1—-Pronoun1. Number, Person& Case1.1 Number: pronoun≠ antecedentE.g. Until it can be replaced by a faster, more efficient, and more economical means of transportation, trucks will carry most of the freight within and through metropolitan areas.1.2 Person: shifts in personI/We/He/She/They--------YouOne-------------------------------YouE.g. Although (A) one likes to believe (B) that your own (C) children are beautiful, intelligent, and well behaved, what one believes is not always the case (D).1.3 Case1.3.1 句子中使用主格的情况。

1) 代词作为主语的时候She is weird.2) 代词作为表语的时候E.g. It was he who fell into the water.1.3.2 句子中使用宾格的情况。

1) 动词宾语The music carried them away.2) 介词宾语a. between you and meb. to Sherry and herc. among us womend. at use. from her and himf. with me and youE.g. 1 After engaging(A) in a spirited debate, everyone except Tom and I(B)decided(C) to watch the latest action film, even though the rest of the group had already seen(D) it.E.g. 2 Last summer, when Mary’s aunt and Uncle flew from(A) Turkey to visit their relatives and tour(B) the United States, Mary invited Sandhya and I(C) to her house to meet(D) them.补充考点：比较句中代词的格：To find the correct pronoun in a comparison that uses than or as, complete the comparison using the verb that would follow naturally.a.Jackie runs faster than she ( ).b.My brother has bigger feet than I ( ).c.Carol is as tough as he ( ).1.3 Case考点单句练习1.Judith took my sister and (I, me) to the magic show last night.2.We thought that Matilda and Jorge would be there, and sure enough, we saw (she, her ) and (he, him ) sitting in the front row.3.During the intermission, Jorge came over and asked my sister and (I, me ) to go out after the show.4.Between you and (I, me ) the magician was terrible.5.It must also have been a bad evening for (he, him ) and his assistant, Roxanne.2.Possessive Determiner:2.1 Possessive Pronoun使用规则：Possessive Pronoun+N常用代词：its/their/his/her/your/our/my+N区别：its/it’s/his/he’s/whose/who’sIt’s 表示缩写it’s=it is/it hasIts+Nhe’s=he is/ he hashis+Nwho’s=who is/who haswhose+N2.2 Ns&N’s区别e.g. Waterway’s=waterway’s+Nwaterways=名词复数,作主语，作宾语考点：易混表达（1）its & it’s & its’1）its’出现必错2）its+n的核心词为its后的名词3）it’s（it is/it has的缩写）为主谓结构E.g. 1One of the Liveliest folk music forms to develop in the twentieth century is Tejano music. Also known as Tex Mex or border music because of it’s having origins on both sides of the Texas-Mexico border, this form combines elements from Spanish, German, and English musical traditions.A) NO CHANGEB) itsC) it’sD) its’（2）who’s & whose1）whose+n的核心词为其后的名词2）who’s（who is或who has的缩写）为主谓结构E.g. 2 You have to admire the honesty of a company who’s slogan is “Just About the Best.”A) NO CHANGEB) whoseC) that’sD) that the（3）they’re & their & there1）their+n的核心词为their后的名词2）they’re（they are的缩写）为主谓结构3）there经常作为发音相似的干扰项出现E.g. 3As the dancers step the music, they are also stepping in time to a sound that embodies their unique history and suggests the influence of outside cultures on their music.A) NO CHANGEB) they’reC) it’sD) its’E.g. 4 Teachers provide in-depth language understanding, and children are rewarded for improving his or her communication skills.A) NO CHANGEB) one’sC) thereD) their3. Pronoun clarity考点1. 多指代E.g. To keep birds from eating seeds, soak them in blue food coloring. （them在此句会产生歧义，应改为seeds）考点2. 无指代E.g. Scientists have determined that the cause of white-nose syndrome is a fungus—Pseudogymnoascus destructans—that flourishes in cold, wet environments and reproduces bygenerating spores that can lodge in the floors and walls of caves as well as onwing membranes, and hairless body parts.（their 没有指代对象）考点3. this 的使用1. this指代前一句话E.g. Typically, the ice sheet begins to show evidence of thawing in late summer. This follows several weeks of higher temperatures.2. this+N使用E.g. Box is currently organizing an expedition to gather this crucial information.4. Relative Pronoun4.1 that/who/whom/which指代对象4.2 who/whom区别4.3介词＋which&when/where/why区别补充1：that/who/whom/which/whose+不完整句子补充2：THAT&WHICH的跳跃指代1. A+prep.+B+that Clausethat即可以指代A也可以指代B，但是不能指代从句或句子E.g. The labor union is negotiating a contract with the hospital that will satisfy the demands of the workers.2. WHICH的代词用法—-Which只能就近指代前面的名词或名词短语E.g.Wrong: Jim biked along an old dirt road to get to his house, which cut through the woods.Right: To get to his house, Jim biked along an old dirt road, which cut through the Woods.真题练习：1.The article goes on to suggest that the most valuable resources provided by coworking spaces are actually the people whom use them.A) NO CHANGEB) whom usesC) who usesD) who use2. Because today’s students can expect to hold multiple jobs—some of which may not even exist yet—during our lifetime, studying philosophy allows them to be flexible and adaptable.A) NO CHANGEB) one’sC) his or herD) their3. Scientists knew this but did not recognize how large a role they played in helping kelp forests to significantly decrease the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.A) NO CHANGEB) how large a role that it playedC) how large a role sea otters playedD) that they played such a large role4. It was the brainchild of former journalist Martine Postma, wanting to take a practical stand in a throwaway culture.A) NO CHANGEB) whom wantsC) who wantedD) she wanted5. Just as travelers taking road trips today may need to take a break for food at a rest area along the highway, settlers traversing the American West by train in the mid-1800s often found themselves in need of refreshment.A) NO CHANGEB) himself or herselfC) their selvesD) oneself6. These Harvey Houses, which constituted the first restaurant chain in the United States, was unique for its high standards of service and quality.A) NO CHANGEB) were unique for theirC) was unique for theirD) were unique for its7. This may not be much of a problem with certain kinds of apples that are not naturally very fragrant, such as Granny Smith, but for apples that are prized for their fruity fragrance, such as McIntosh, this can be a problem with consumers, that will reject apples lacking the expected aroma.A) NO CHANGEB) TheyC) whichD) who8. Artists associated with this began to rediscover and promote the work of the Mexican muralists, particularly Siqueiros.A) NO CHANGEB) itC) themD) this movement补充练习：1. Music seems to be universal, which exists in some form in all human cultures.A) NO CHANGEB) where it existsC) exitsD) existing2. After the end of the First World War, Fridtjof Nansen directed several of the League of Nations'humanitarian programs, which caused his winning a Nobel Peace Prize in 1922.A) NO CHANGEB) programs, he therefore wonC) programs, this is why he wonD) programs and consequently won3. One reason fish spoils faster than meat is due to the fact that the muscle fibers of fish are specialized to function best in cold environments.A) NO CHANGEB) meat is because of the fact thatC) meat, which is becauseD) meat is that4. Wolves are now classified as an endangered species in all the lower forty-eight states except Minnesota, after which the animals began migrating from Canada in the 1960s.A) NO CHANGEB) from whichC) whenD) into which5. Unlike seve ral decades ago, today’s librarians teach students to evaluate the accuracy and objectivity of online resources in addition to helping them find particular books.A)NO CHANGEB)Unlike them ofC)Unlike those ofD)Contrary to6. Public transportation in the suburbs and outlying areas is generally not as convenient and reliable as it is in the city.A) NO CHANGEB) as they areC) as thoseD) as getting around7. John and Bob had been friends since kindergarten because he was good at soccer and ready to laugh at any joke.A) NO CHANGEB) kindergarten because they were not only good soccer playersC) kindergarten because each was good at soccerD) kindergarten, being not only good soccer players8. Mayor Julia Wilson's daughter told us that she had decided not to run for reelection, even thoughthere is still much to do to improve the downtown district.A) NO CHANGEB) the decision was that her mother would not run to be reelectedC) her mother had decided not to run for reelectionD) she decided that she will not run to be reelected9. High school graduates usually do not end up earning as much income as college graduates do, this being why so many high school students go on to pursue college degrees.A) NO CHANGEB) do, this is why so many high school studentsC) do; this fact explains why so many high school studentsD) do; this fact explaining the reason for why so many high school students10. Furthermore, the board offered no evidence to back up it’s claim that such clothing created a negative educational environment.A) NO CHANGEB) they’reC) itsD) ones11. His challenge initiated a review, of students’ rights and administrative responsibility in public education.A) NO CHANGEB) review, of students’ rights,C) review of students’ rightsD) review of students’ rights,12. About halfway through the school year, I learned that the exchange program was looking for a new home for Ligia. After a severe storm, the basement of her hosts house had flooded, leaving two bedrooms unusable.A) NO CHANGEB) her hosts’C) Ligia’s hostsD) Ligias host’s13. We plan the contents of the year’s issues, page by page.A) NO CHANGEB) years issues,C) years issuesD) issue’s for the year,14. Babies first attempts at speech generate excited responses from adults who encourage and guidethe children toward more precise and complex speech.A) NO CHANGEB) Baby’sC) BabysD) Babies’15. It’s also fast, the thousands of Washingtonians who dash from home to work and back sometimes ignore the posted speed limit.A) NO CHANGEB) It’ also fast:C) Its also fast:D) Its also fast,16. The movie Dracula, featuring it’s batlike title character who feeds on human blood, is just one of many sources of people’s erroneous ideas about bats. BA) NO CHANGEB) with itsC) based on its’D) who’s17. Some people believe bats are rodents; others think bats are a kind of bird. AA) NO CHANGEB) rodents, others,C) rodents othersD) rodents and others’18. Roberto Clemente, the Pittsburgh Pirates right fielder from 1955 to 1972, was one of baseballs most gifted athletes.A) NO CHANGEB) one, of baseball’sC) one, of baseballsD) one of baseball’s19. One panel is sewn into the piece’s top border, the other into it’s bottom border. CA) NO CHANGEB) its’C) itsD) their20. Méliès, a French magician, was fascinated by the workings of the new motion picture camera. Specializing in stage illusions, he thought the camera offered potential to expand its spectacular magic productions.A) NO CHANGEB) theirC) hisD) it’sChapter 2. Agreement5. Noun Agreement考点. SN一致1) Noun Agreement in formsE.g.1Today more and more women are becoming doctors, lawyers, engineers, chemists, or other professions.A) or other professionsB) or they work in other professionsC) or at work in other professional fieldsD) or professionals in other fields2) Noun Agreement in contentsE.g.2 Those enrolled in the leadership training courses have evolved into dynamic, confident managers from an inexperienced and uncertain newcomer just a month ago.A) from an inexperienced and uncertain newcomerB) from the inexperienced and uncertain newcomers they wereC) from being inexperienced and uncertain newcomersD) instead of the inexperienced and uncertain newcomers of补充考点：SS一致：Noun Agreement in comparisonE.g.1 Commuters in the 1990s encountered more traffic delays than the 1970s and 1980s.A) thanB) than didC) than the traffic problems ofD) than commuters did in6. Subject－verb Agreement考点1：向前一致S+长串修饰语+V长串修饰语：1.介词短语2.定语从句3.插入语4.形容词短语5.分词短语6.同位语E.g.：A city in northern ChinaA city famous for its beautiful mountainsA city visited by large numbers of celebritiesA city consisting of several prosperous economic zonesA city, home of coffee beansA city, which is famous for its beautiful mountainsE.g.1 French mountain honey made (A) from linden blossoms, which are sometimes called (B) “lime blossoms,” have (C) a distinctively (D) citrus flavor.E.g.2 The regularly scheduled (A) conference between my tutor and me is (B) set for Friday, but my low grades in chemistry requires (C) me to arrange an earlier meeting.重点讲解1: 介词短语：N1+prep+N2结构prep= in/one/by/of/for/with/at/from/to/viaprep phrase=1) A as well as B2) A no less than B3) A rather than B4) A together/along with B5)A except B6) A besides BE.g.1 The loyalty of British families to specific brands of toothpaste have (A) been cited by (B) historians as evidence (C) of the growing influence (D) of advertising during the early twentieth century.*Designates a collection, or group, of individuals: audience, committee, faculty, family, jury, chorus, or government.A list of studentsA collection of toys + V (singular)A line of treesA crowd of visitorsE.g.2 A noisy, unwieldy (A) crowd of onlookers were jostling (B) and milling around (C) at the scene of the accident, impeding (D) the progress of the medical technicians.Pay Attention to“number”A number of + V (plural)The number of + V (singular)重点讲解2: 定语从句S+who/which/that/whose/whom+...+V (V)N1＋介词＋N2+who/which/that/whose/whom+...注意指代对象为N1还是N2重点讲解3: 插入语S，插，VOS—插—VO考点2. 倒装一致：(一) Complete Inversion1. Prep. (+n.) …+V. +S.On the mountain lies a temple.注意是否有逗号：At the end of the year, Ligia went home to Colombia.E.g.2 In the foothills of that large mountain range is (A) the sources of a river whose course (B) was not fully mapped (C) until (D) this century.2. P+LV.+SGone are the days when we often played in the fields together.Absent from school are Tim and David.例题：长难句阅读Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.E.g.2 Inscribed on the wall is(A)the names of those who left (B)their(C)homes in the village to travel (D)to the United State.（二）Incomplete Inversion1. Only + adverbial +helping word + S+VOnly in this city can you see such a beautiful sunset.注意：Only the teachers are allowed to use the room.(only后跟名词不倒装)E.g.1 Air pollution caused by industrial fumes has been studied (A) for years, but (B) only recently has (C) the harmful effects of noise pollution become (D) known.2. Negative words + helping word + S+VNever could I find the picture.3. So+adj. /adv +helping word +S+VSo quickly did he run that no one could get him.4. N./adj. + as +S+VPoor as he was, he was honest.例题：长难句阅读Out of America's fascination with all things antique has grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that is bringing back the chaise lounge, the overstuffed sofa, and the claw-footed bathtub.考点补充1. 并列主语Compound SubjectConsists of two or more subjects joined by a coordinating conjunctionand, both…and…Li Lei and Han Meimei are good friends.Seeing and listening are two ways of accepting new information.E.g.1Both her work on community service projects and her dedication to learning (A)has gained (B) Ms. Stevens the respect of (C) the entire (D) faculty.Pay Attention to “each”Each paper and exam contributes to your final grade.The research paper and the final exam each contribute 25 percent toward your final grade.考点补充2. 就近一致1) A or B2)Not A but B3)Either A or B B的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数4) A nor B5)Not only A but also B6) Neither A nor B7) There beE.g.1 Of (A) the two options, neither (B) the system of appointing judges to the bench nor the process of electing (C) judges are (D) entirely satisfactory.There is an apple and two bananas.There are two bananas and an apple.E.g.2 There is (A), in spite of the large bay window and (B) the new floors, many reasons, such as the poor location and the small basement, for (C) Nancy not to buy (D) the house.真题练习：1.On the Graduate Record Examination (GRE), for example, students intending to study philosophy in graduate school has scored higher than students in all but four other majors.A) NO CHANGEB) have scoredC) scoresD) scoring2. This trend, combined with the increasing accessibility of information via the Internet, has led some to claim that librarianship is in decline as a profession.A) NO CHANGEB) haveC) which haveD) which has3. As I walked through the exhibit, I overheard a visitors’ remark,“You know, that grandfather clock actually runs.A) NO CHANGEB) visitors remarking,C) visitor remarked,D) visitor remark4. Like any other health problems, these ailments can increase employee absenteeism, which, in turn, is costly for employers.A) NO CHANGEB) areC) is beingD) have been5. Yet some of the earliest known works of art, including paintings and drawings tens of thousands of years old found on cave walls in Spain and France, portrays animals.A) NO CHANGEB) portrayingC) portrayD) has portrayed6. According to such organizations as the US Environmental Protection Agency, the minute amountsof residue falling within such limits have no negative impact on human health.A) NO CHANGEB) is havingC) has hadD) has7. Not all research into regional English varieties requires such time, effort, and resources, however.A) NO CHANGEB) are requiringC) have requiredD) require8. Proponents of organic food, of course, are quick to add that their are numerous other reasons to buy organic food, such as, a desire to protect the environment from potentially damaging pesticides or a preference for the taste of organically grown foods.A) NO CHANGEB) there areC) there isD) their is补充练习：1. Sui Sin Far and Edith Eaton are both a name (A) used by an early twentieth-century writer whose(B) psychological realism continues to bring (C) her characters to life (D) for today’s readers.2.In the early twentieth century, telephone companies supported (A) the cause of (B) financial independence for women by providing (C) many with respectable jobs as a switchboard operator (D).3. Cino de Mayo, or May 5 , the date of a famous military victory , is celebrated with such an activity as dancing , parades, musical performances, and feasts.A)NO CHANGEB)with an activity such asC)with such activities asD)in such activities like4. Introducing(A) new ideas and replacing old ones(B) are(C) a highly controversial matter , especially when(D) there is already tension between an older and a younger generation.5. The Andes mountain chain, which includes some of the Western Hemisphere’s highest peaks, are much more formidable as barriers to transportation than the Rocky Mountains are.A) NO CHANGEB) are barrier, and much more formidableC) is a much more formidable barrierD) as barriers, are much more formidable6. A significant factor (A) to include in the budget when buying (B) a car are the costs of (C) fuel and maintenance and the insurance payments (D).7. Anne Tyler's novel The Accidental Tourist features (A) a character whose (B) obsession with saving time and money are (C) absurd, yet somehow plausible.8. Peter's seemingly effortless (A) flights, achieved through (B) the use of sophisticated technical equipment, continues (C) to delight those who see the play Peter Pan.9.Critics contend that (A) reforms in welfare has not managed (B) to bring the high percentage of our nation's children living in poverty the economic security that they need (C) to thrive.10. The record left by fossils, the ancient remains of plants and animals, provide (A) scientists with(B) their primary source of (C) information about prehistoric life.11. Available through the school’s guidance office is (A) a job directory and a list of job referral centers that provide (B) information for students in need of (C) employment.12. Mastery of (A) cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques are (B)mandatory for (C) firefighters and police officers as wells as rescue squad volunteers.13. The professor’s insistence on high standards and rigorous examinations are(A) not, despite what students think, part of(B) a plan to withhold high grades from them(C).14. Although the exact cause of type 2 diabetes is unknown, experts say that for some people improper diet and lack of exercise contributes to the onset of the disease.A)exercise contributesB)exercise, they contributeC)exercise contributeD)exercise, contributing15. Many farmers and agronomists believe that the recent boom in crop production—fueled by the intensive use of farmland and increased dependence on herbicides and pesticides-have come with hidden costs.A)NO CHANGEB)hasC)areD)OMIT the underlined portion16.During (A) the night, there is (B) usually two German shepherds at the warehouse to guard against(C) robbery attempts.17. Although the details of the contract has (A) not yet been announced, it is likely that (B) union negotiators accepted the proposed training program for (C) newly hired workers.18. A newly formed organization of homeowners and business people have met with (A) the transportation department to voice (B) its concerns about (C) plans for a shopping mall in the community.19. Freedom of action and expression are (A) at the foundation not only of our system of government but also of our expectations concerning (B) human relations at all (C) Level s of society.20. The newly elected (A) Prime Minister, to the dismay (B) of opponents from other parties, have argued (C) for the strict regulation of campaign financing.21. Biologists working to rescue the giant condor from extinction uses radio telemetry and satellite signals to track banded birds.A) uses radio telemetry and satellite signals to trackB) using radio telemetry and satellite signals to trackC) use radio telemetry and satellite signals to trackD) to track, by use of radio telemetry and satellite signals,22. A soft lullaby and the drumroll of thunder during a summer storm are but two of the diverse sounds that can be perceived by the human ear.A) that can be perceived by the human earB) that is perceived by the human earC) in which the human ear can perceiveD) that they can perceive with the human earthe proposed health clinics and the proposed(D) opportunities.27. The credit for making Franz Kafka internationally(A) famous as a writer belong(B) to his friend,novelist Max Brod, who edited(C) Kafka’s unpublished manuscripts and then(D) had them published, despite Kafka’s dying wishes to the contrary.28.Although the details of the contract has(A) not yet been announced, it is likely that(B) union negotiators accepted the proposed(C) training program for(D) newly hired workers.29. During the night, there is(B) usually two German shepherds at the warehouse to guard against(C) robbery attempts(D).30. Although(A) naturalists have identified six hundred different forms of the corion snail, there is(B) actually no more than(C) two true species within(D) this genus.31. Inscribed on the wall is(A) the names of those who left(B) their(C) homes in the village to travel(D) to the United States.32. A newly formed organization of homeowners and business people have met with(A) the transportation department to voice(B) its concerns about(C) plans for(D) a shopping mall in the community.33. After(A) 140 years under the sea(B), the remains of the Monitor, an ironclad warship that was sunk during the Civil War, is being(C) gradually brought to(D) the surface.34. Innovative use of computers in the classroom allows students to undertake(A) projects that encourages them(B)to be both(C) analytical and intellectually adventurous(D).35. Freedom of action and expression are(A) at the foundation not only of(B) our system of government but also of our expectations concerning(C)human relations at all(D) Level s of society.36. The United States is the world’s largest producer of(A) cranberries and cranberry products, most(B) of which is consumed(C) there and in(D) Canada.37. The uncompromising(A) tone of a recent city hall ordinance concerning(B) the blocking of emergency vehicles in traffic jams carry(C) a stem warning to(D) motorists.38. At the heart of the program, enthusiastically endorsed(A) by the city's business association, is(B) plans for refurbishing neighborhoods and for making(C) low, interest mortgages available to(D) young families.39. The candidate called for medical insurance reform, but to me he seemed less interested in the plight of uninsured citizens than in(B) whether enough is(C) registered(D) to vote.40. The newly elected(A) Prime Minister, to the dismay(B) of opponents from other parties, haveargued(C) for the strict regulation of(D) campaign financing.41. The historic Woodacre building, which house(A) several university departments, was demolished to make(B)room for(C) a parking lot, dismaying alumni who had supported(D) the university for decades.42. Only by tapping(A) their last reserves of energy was(B) the team members able to salvage(C)what was beginning(D) to look like a lost cause.43. Air pollution caused by industrial fumes has been studied (A) for years, but (B) only recently has(C) the harmful effects of noise pollution become (D) known.46. Absent from(A) the speech were(B) any mention of the students and laboratory technicians upon whose(C)contributions the chemist had depended heavily(D).47. Never before had(A) a group of artists been so isolated(B) from society and from(C) official patronage as was(D)the so-called Impressionists.48. The grooved and barbed spears of the box jellyfish, each(A) trailed by(B) a poison thread, is released(C) when(D)the animal is threatened.49. Waterways close to land poses(A) challenges to navigation that differ(B)greatly from(C)those(D) posed by the openseas.Chapter3.Verb8. Tense1. Simple past(did)an action occurs in the pastTime range: recently, yesterday, ago, in+过去时间，last year；E.g. I work in a travel agency now. I worked in a shop last year.E.g.1 Dr. Chien-Shiung Wu has disproved a widely accepted theory of physics when she showed that identical nuclear particles do not always act alike.A) as disprovedB) having disprovedC) disprovedD) disprovesE.g.2 As I entered the Pantheon, a building that has existed in Rome since ancient times, my brother is turning to me to whisper that the great rotunda of the Pantheon was a haven of peace and harmony.A) is turning to me to whisperB) turned to me and whisperedC) turns and also whispers to meD) would turn and whisper to me。

SAT语法学习讲义

SAT语法学习讲义SAT语法学习讲义修辞倒装1.在以never, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely, seldom, not only, not until, nor, little, nowhere, hardly….when, no sooner….than, by no means, under no circumstances 等开头的句子中，主谓要倒装。

这些都是表示否定或半否定意义的词或词组。

例如：Never have I come across such a difficult problem. 我还从没有遇到过这样困难的问题。

Seldom do I read such magazines. 我很少读这种杂志。

No sooner had they left than the bus arrived. 他们刚走，公共汽车就来了。

2.在以"only+状语"开头的句子中，主谓要倒装。

这里only后面必须跟有它修饰的状语或状语从句，这是关键。

否则就不倒装。

例如：Only after the war was over was man able to realize the wickedness of the atomic bomb. 只是在战争结束后人类才意识到原子弹的可恶。

(注意：only 引导的状语从句不倒装，主句倒装。

) Only then did I realize the importance of English. 只在那时我才意识到英语的重要性。

Only in this way can we improve ourselves. 只有用这种方法我们才能不断提高自己。

Only after you finish it can you leave. 只有结束它以后，你才能离开。

(主句倒装) 注意：Only 如不在句首，或only 修饰的不是状语，则不倒装。

SAT语法最全总结剖析

SAT语法最全总结剖析I.语法规则总述1.主谓一致：主语与谓语在人称和数方面要保持一致。

2.代词一致：代词与其所指代的名词在人称、数和性别方面要保持一致。

3.修饰语顺序：修饰语通常放在被修饰的词的前面。

4.平行结构：并列连词连接的两个或多个相同成分要求保持一致的结构。

5.句子完整性：句子必须包含主语和谓语，并表达完整的意思。

6.句子连接：句子之间的连接词或短语应正确使用，以保持句子的逻辑连贯性。

7.时态和语态：动词的时态和语态应与句子的主语和语境相匹配。

8.并列结构：并列连词连接的成分应平行且逻辑上相近。

9.主从关系：主从句之间的连接词和标点符号应正确使用。

10.比较结构：比较结构的成分应保持一致，比较的程度要明确。

II.错误类型及规则1.主谓不一致错误：例如主语为复数，而谓语动词却是单数形式。

2.代词不一致错误：例如代词的格或数与所指代的名词不一致。

3.单复数不一致错误：例如名词与其相应的动词、代词、冠词、限定词等在数方面不一致。

4.修饰语错误：例如修饰语位于被修饰词的后面，与其所修饰的词不匹配。

5.平行结构错误：例如并列连词连接的两个或多个成分不平行且不一致。

6.句子不完整错误：例如缺少主语或谓语，或者缺乏必要的上下文信息。

7.句子连接错误：例如使用错误的连接词、短语或标点符号，导致句子的逻辑关系混乱。

8.时态和语态错误：例如动词的时态和语态与主语和语境不一致。

9.并列结构错误：例如不平行的并列结构，或者逻辑上不相近的并列成分。

10.主从关系错误：例如使用错误的主从连接词或标点符号，导致主从句关系不清晰或不连贯。

11.比较结构错误：例如比较结构不一致，或者比较的程度不明确。

III.解题技巧。

SAT语法讲义（完整版）

SAT语法讲义（完整版）SAT语法讲义Identifying Sentence Errors一、主谓一致1. 就前原则(1) N1 of N2 verb（SAT考试中动词的单复数与N1有关，与N2无关）如：a group of students arethe details of the problems are例：The bright (A) fiberglass sculptures of Luis Jimenez has received (B) critical acclaim not only (C) in his home state, New Mexico, but also in (D) New York.No error (E). (P161.1)(2) 名词1+介词+名词2 如：students in the classroom名词，插入语，verb名词+doing/done 如：students studying hard例：Flints found in (A) the region extending from the Nile Valley to (B) the highlands of eastern Iraq attests to (C) the presence of people there as long ago as (D) one hundred thousand years. No error (E). (P166.3)2.“欲擒故纵”法动词单复数做题基本原则是就前原则，如果句子太长、太难、太复杂时，用“欲擒故纵”法。

3.动词单复数的特殊固定用法(1) a number of 一些；一般情况下其后动词用复数，（不受任何规律限制）；the number of …的数量；其后的动词在任何情况下都用单数。

量词考点：a group/list/line of 使用“就前原则”(2) 倒装结构：就后原则。

SAT 语法讲义

EG: South Korea has witnessed the world’s most dramatic growth of Christian congregations：church membership is expanding by 6．6 percent a year, fully two-thirds of the growth coming from conversions rather than the population increasing.(A) coming from conversions rather than the population increasing(B) coming from conversions rather than increases in the population(C) coming from conversions instead of the population’s inc reasing(D) is from conversations instead of population increases(E) is from conversions rather than increasing the increases名词及相关修饰性成分1—1 Contrary to earlier conjectures，it may be that increased atmospheric carbon dioxide as a result of burning fossil fuels would cool the globe by reducing the amount of solar energy absorbed by snow．(A) increased atmospheric carbon dioxide as a result of burning(B) increased atmospheric carbon dioxide resulting from the combustion of(C) increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere resulting from the combustion of(D) carbon dioxide in the atmosphere that increased from burning(E) atmospheric carbon dioxide that increased from burning1—2 Rather than continue to produce most of the items necessary for subsistence, a growing number of farm families during the first decades of the nineteenth century began to specialize in the production of grain or cotton and to use the cash proceeds from selling their crops for buying necessities．(A) selling their crops for buying(B) the sales of their crops for buying(C) their selling of crops so as to buy(D) their selling crops for buying of(E) the sale of their crops to buy1—3 New theories propose that catastrophic impacts of asteroids and comets may have caused reversals in the Earth’s magnetic field, the onset of ice ages, splitting apart continents 80million years ago, and great volcanic eruptions.(A) splitting apart continents(B) the splitting apart of continents(C) split apart continents(D) continents split apart(E) continents that were split apart1-4 One view of the economy contends that a large drop in oil prices should eventually lead to lowing interest rates，as well as lowering fears about inflation, a rally in stocks and bonds, and a weakening of the dollar.(A)lowing interest rates，as well as lowering fears about inflation，(B)a lowering of interest rates and of fears about inflation，(C)a lowering of interest rates，along with fears about inflation，(D)interest rates being lowered，along with fears about inflation，(E)interest rates and fears about inflation being lowered，with1—5 Consumers may not think of household cleaning products to be hazardous substances，but many of them can be harmful to health especially ii they are used improperly.(A) Consumers may not think of household cleaning products to be(B) Consumers may not think of household cleaning products being(C) A consumer may not think of their household cleaning products being(D) A consumer may not think of household cleaning products as(E) Household cleaning products may not be thought of，by consumers, as1—6 In the face of widespread concern about environmental waste，compact disc manufacturers are attempting to find a replacement for the disposable plastic box in which they package their product．(A) the disposable plastic box in which they(B) the disposable plastic box where they(C) a disposable plastic box in which to(D) disposable plastic boxes inside which they(E) the disposable plastic boxes in which to1—7 Following the nutrition board’s advice on salt consumption, it would mean a virtual end of the of salt in cooking, and avoidance of obviously salty foods, and reducing the reliance on processed foods that contain significant amounts of often hidden sodium.(A) reducing the reliance processed foods that contain significant amounts of often hidden sodium(B)reducing the reliance on processed foods containing often hidden but significant amounts of sodium(C)a reduction of the reliance on processed food, containing as they do often hidden sodium in(D) a reduced reliance on the significant amounts of hidden sodium often contained in processed foods(E)a reduced reliance on processed foods that contain significant but often hidden amounts of sodium1—8 The brochure notes that in the seminar the importance that communication is a two-way process will be emphasized.(A)importance that communication is a two-way process will be emphasized(B) importance of communication as a two-way process will be emphasized(c)importance of communication being a two-way process will be the emphasis(D)fact will be emphasized that communication is a two-way process and of importance(E) emphasis will be that communication being a two-way process is important1—9 Stable interest rates on long-term bonds are the financial market’s vote of confidence in the Federal Reserve keeping in control of inflation.(A)in the Federal Reserve keeping in control of inflation(B)that the Federal Reserve will keep inflation under control(C) for the Federal Reserve，that it would keep control of inflation(D)that inflation will be kept control of by the Federal Reserve(E)that inflation would be kept control of by the Federal Reserve1—10 Dr . Tonegawa won the Nobel Prize for discovering how the body can constantly change its genes to fashion a seeming unlimited number of antibodies，each specifically targeted at an invading microbe or foreign substance．(A) seeming unlimited number of antibodies，each specifically targeted at(B) seeming unlimited number of antibodies，each targeted specifically to(C) seeming unlimited number of antibodies，all specifically targeted at(D) seemingly unlimited number of antibodies，all of them targeted specifically to(E)seemingly unlimited number of antibodies，each targeted specifically at1——11 Recently there has been increased debate over if a budget surplus should go towards lower taxes or increased spending on social programs.(A)over if a budget surplus should go towards lower taxes or increased spending(B)over whether a budget surplus should go towards lowering taxes or increasing spending(C)about a budget surplus going towards lower taxes or increasing spending(D)about if lower taxes should come from budget surplus or spending increases(E)concerning a budget surplus and its going towards lower taxes or increased spendingE1—1 Once an apolitical confrontation of the world’s best athletes，the Summer Olympics have been increasingly politicized in recent years as the superpowers have denied many of the best athletes access to competition．(A) been increasingly politicized(B) been increasing politicization(C) been of increased politicization(D) politicized，increasingly，(E) increased politicizationE1—2 The economic forces which may affect the new public offering of stock include sudden downturns in the market，hedging and other investor strategies for preventing losses，loosing the interest rates in Washington, and fearing that the company may still be undercapitalized．(A)loosing the interest rates in Washington，and fearing the company may still be undercapitalized(B)loosening the interest rates in Washington，and a fear of the company still being undercapitalized(C) a loosening of the interest rates in Washington，and fearing that the company may still be undercapitalized(D)a loosening of the interest rates in Washington，and a fear of the still undercapitalized company(E)a loosening of the interest rates in Washington，and a fear that the company may still be undercapitalizedE1—3 Among the reasons for the decline of New England agriculture in the last three decades were the high cost of land，the pressure of housing and commercial development，and basing a marketing and distribution system on importing produce from Florida and California.(A)basing a marketing and distribution system on importing produce from Florida and California(B)basing a marketing and distribution system on the imported produce of Florida and California(C)basing a system of marketing and distribution on the import of produce from Florida and California(D) a marketing and distribution system based on importing produce from Florida and California(E) a marketing and distribution system importing produce from Florida and CaliforniaEl一4 School integration plans that involve busing between suburban and central—city areas have contributed，according to a recent study，to significant increases in housing integration, which, in turn reduces any future need for busing.(A)significant increases in housing integration，which, in turn, reduces(B)significant integration increases in housing，which, in turn, reduces(C)increase housing integration significantly，which, in turn, reduces(D) increase housing integration significantly，in turn reducing(E)significantly increase housing integration，which, in turn, reduce2—1 Since 1986 enrollments of African Americans，American Indians，and Hispanic Americans in full-time engineering programs in the United States has steadily increased, while the number of other students who enter the field fallen．(A)has steadily increased，while the number of the students who enter the field has fallen(B) has steadily increased，while other students entering the field have declined in number(C) increased steadily，while there was a decline in the number of other students entering the field(D) have steadily increased，while the number of other students entering the field has fallen(E)have steadily increased，while that of other students who enter the field fell2—2 The lack of complete historical records from the mid-to-late 1800’s have made some Black inventions difficult to trace totheir originators．(A) have made some Black inventions difficult to trace to their originators(B) have made for difficulties in tracing some inventions by Blacks to their originators(C) have made it difficult to trace some inventions by Blacks to their originators(D) has made it difficult to trace some inventions to their Black originators(E) has made it difficult in tracing some Black inventions to their originators2—3 With its plan to develop seven and a half acres of shore land, Cleveland is but one of a large number of communities on the Great Lakes that is looking to its waterfront as a way to improve the quality of urban life and attract new businesses．(A)is looking to its waterfront as a way to improve the quality of urban life and attract(B) is looking at its waterfront to improve the quality of urban life and attract(C) are looking to their waterfronts to improve the quality of urban life and attract(D) are looking to its waterfront as a way of improving the quality of urban life and attracting(E) are looking at their waterfronts as a way they can improve the quality of urban life and attract2—4 A report by the American Academy for the Advancement of Science has concluded that much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed comes from the incineration of wastes．(A)much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans fire exposed comes(B)much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins that North Americans are export to come(C)much of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and that North Americans are exposed to comes(D)many of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and North Americans are exposed to come(E)many of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed come2—5 Down zoning, zoning that typically results in the reduction of housing density，allows for more open space in areas where little water or services exist.(A)little water or services exist(B)little water or services exists(C)few services and little water exists(D)there is little water or services available(E)there are few services and little available water练习E2—1 Three out of every four automobile owners in the United States also own a bicycle．(A)Three out of every four automobile owners in the United States also own a bicycle.(B)out of every four，three automobile owners in the United States also owns a bicycle．(C) Bicycles are owned by three out of every four owners of automobiles in the United States．(D)In the United States，three out of every four automobile owners owns bicycles.(E)Out of every four owners of automobiles in the United States，bicycles are also owned by three．E2—2 Two valence states of uranium，one with a deficit of four electrons and the other one with a deficit of six, occurs in nature and contributes to the diversity of uranium’s behavior．(A) the other one with a deficit of six，Occurs in nature and contributes(B) the other one a deficit of six，occur in nature and contribute(C) the other with a deficit of six，occur in nature and contributes(D) the other with a deficit of six，occur in nature and contribute(E) one with six，occurs in nature and contributesE2—3The relationship between corpulence and disease，remain controversial, although statistics clearly associate fl reduced life expectancy with chronic obesity．(A)remain controversial，although statistics dearly associate a reduced life expectancy with(B) remain controversial，although statistics clearly associates a reduced life expectancy with(C) remain controversial，although statistics dearly associates reduced life expectancy to(D)remains controversial，although statistics dearly associate a reduced life expectancy with(E)remains controversial，although statistics clearly associates reduced life expectancy to2—1 Since 1986 enrollments of African Americans，American Indians，and Hispanic Americans in full-time engineering programs in the United States has steadily increased, while the number of other students who enter the field fallen．(A)has steadily increased，while the number of the students who enter the field has fallen(B) has steadily increased，while other students entering the field have declined in number(C) increased steadily，while there was a decline in the number of other students entering the field(D) have steadily increased，while the number of other students entering the field has fallen(E)have steadily increased，while that of other students who enter the field fell2—2 The lack of complete historical records from the mid-to-late 1800’s have made some Black inventions difficult to trace to their originators．(A) have made some Black inventions difficult to trace to their originators(B) have made for difficulties in tracing some inventions by Blacks to their originators(C) have made it difficult to trace some inventions by Blacks to their originators(D) has made it difficult to trace some inventions to their Black originators(E) has made it difficult in tracing some Black inventions to their originators2—3 With its plan to develop seven and a half acres of shore land, Cleveland is but one of a large number of communities on the Great Lakes that is looking to its waterfront as a way to improve the quality of urban life and attract new businesses．(A)is looking to its waterfront as a way to improve the quality of urban life and attract(B) is looking at its waterfront to improve the quality of urban life and attract(C) are looking to their waterfronts to improve the quality of urban life and attract(D) are looking to its waterfront as a way of improving the quality of urban life and attracting(E) are looking at their waterfronts as a way they can improve the quality of urban life and attract2—4 A report by the American Academy for the Advancement of Science has concluded that much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed comes from the incineration of wastes．(A)much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans fire exposed comes(B)much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins that North Americans are export to come(C)much of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and that North Americans are exposed to comes(D)many of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and North Americans are exposed to come(E)many of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed come2—5 Down zoning, zoning that typically results in the reduction of housing density，allows for more open space in areas where little water or services exist.(A)little water or services exist(B)little water or services exists(C)few services and little water exists(D)there is little water or services available(E)there are few services and little available water练习E2—1 Three out of every four automobile owners in the United States also own a bicycle．(A)Three out of every four automobile owners in the United States also own a bicycle.(B)out of every four，three automobile owners in the United States also owns a bicycle．(C) Bicycles are owned by three out of every four owners of automobiles in the United States．(D)In the United States，three out of every four automobile owners owns bicycles.(E)Out of every four owners of automobiles in the United States，bicycles are also owned by three．E2—2 Two valence states of uranium，one with a deficit of four electrons and the other one with a deficit of six, occurs in nature and contributes to the diversity of uranium’s behavior．(A) the other one with a deficit of six，Occurs in nature and contributes(B) the other one a deficit of six，occur in nature and contribute(C) the other with a deficit of six，occur in nature and contributes(D) the other with a deficit of six，occur in nature and contribute(E) one with six，occurs in nature and contributesE2—3The relationship between corpulence and disease，remain controversial, although statistics clearly associate fl reduced life expectancy with chronic obesity．(A)remain controversial，although statistics dearly associate a reduced life expectancy with(B) remain controversial，although statistics clearly associates a reduced life expectancy with(C) remain controversial，although statistics dearly associates reduced life expectancy to(D)remains controversial，although statistics dearly associate a reduced life expectancy with(E)remains controversial，although statistics clearly associates reduced life expectancy to3—1 The study undertaken by the Department of the Interior will involve examination and tagging of the California condor in order to obtain information about their daily movements，foraging habits，and sites where they nest．(A)their daily movements，foraging habits，and sites where they nest(B)their daily movements．foraging habits，and their nesting sites(C) its daily movements，foraging habits，and nesting sites(D)its daily movements，foraging habits，and about nesting sites(E)daily movements，foraging habits，and sites in which there are nests3—2 Although the bite of brown recluse spiders are rarely fatal, they cause chronic flesh wounds, posing the greatest danger to the infant and elderly, who are particularly vulnerable to its poison．(A) brown recluse spiders are rarely fatal，they cause chronic flesh wounds，posing the greatest danger to the infant and elderly，who are particularly vulnerable to its(B) brown recluse spiders are rarely fatal，they cause chronic flesh wounds, and pose the greatest danger to the infant and elderly，who are particularly vulnerable to their(C) the brown recluse spider is rarely fatal，it causes chronic flesh wounds，posing the greatest danger to the infant and elderly，who are particularly vulnerable to their(D)the brown recluse spider is rarely fatal，it causes chronic flesh wounds and poses the greatest danger to infants and the elderly，who are particularly vulnerable to its(E) the brown recluse spider is rarely fatal，they cause chronic flesh wounds，posing thegreatest danger t0 the infant andelderly，who are particularly vulnerable to its3—3 If additional deposits of oil are found，it will expand the amount that can be used as fuel and reduce the price of oil , even if the deposits are not immediately tapped．(A) it will expand the amount that can be used as fuel and reduce the price of oil(B) the amount that is able to be used as fuel will expand and the price of oil reduced(C) it will cause an increase in the amount that is able to be used as fuel and a reduction(D) the amount that can be used as fuel will increase and the price of oil will drop(E) it will increase the amount of oil that can be used as fuel and cause a drop in the price3—4 Pensions are now viewed as a deferred payment of salary，money a worker is compelled to put away to take care of one's later years．(A)a worker is compelled to put away to take care of one’s(B)that a worker is compelled to put away to take care of oneself in(C)a worker is compelled to put away to take care of oneself in(D)workers are compelled to put away to take care of them in(E)workers are compelled to put away to take care of themselves in3—5 Plausible though it sounds，the weakness of the hypothesis is that it does not incorporate all relevant evidence．(A)Plausible though it sounds，the weakness of the hypothesis(B)Even though it sounds plausible，the weakness of the hypothesis(C)Though plausible，the hypothesis’weakness(D)Though the hypothesis sounds plausible，its weakness(E)The weakness of the hypothesis which sounds plausible3—6 As researchers continue to probe the highly expressive vocal and postural language of wolves，their close resemblance to dogs has become ever more striking．(A)their close resemblance to dogs has become(B)the closeness of their resemblance to dogs has become(C)the close resemblance between them and dogs has become(D)the close resemblance between wolves and dogs becomes(E)the close resemblance of wolves with dogs becomes3—7 The rules that govern political contributions fire less stringent in local elections than they are in national elections because they typically involve smaller amounts of money and present less opportunity for abuse．(A)The rules that govern political contributions are less stringent in local elections than they are in national elections because they typically involve smaller amounts of money and present less opportunity for abuse(B)Because they typically involve smaller amounts of money and present less opportunity for abuse，the rules that govern political contributions are less stringent in local elections than the rules are in national elections(C)The rules that govern political contributions are less stringent in local elections than national elections because they typically involve smaller amounts of money and present less opportunity for abuse(D)Because local elections typically involve smaller amounts of money and present less opportunity for abuse than national elections，the rules that govern local political contributions are less stringent than national contributions(E)The rules that govern political contributions are less stringent in local elections than they are in national elections because local elections typically involve smaller amounts of money and present 1ess opportunity for abuse3—8 Although aspirin irritates the stomach ,it can be avoided if the aspirin tablet is given a coating that will not dissolve until the tablet reaches the intestine.(A)Although aspirin irritates the stomach，it(B)The irritation of the stomach caused by aspirin(C)The fact that aspirin causes irritation of the stomach(D)Aspirin causes stomach irritation，although it(E)Aspirin irritates the stomach，which3—9 After the civil war, contemporaries of Harrier Tubman’s maintained that she has all of the qualities of a great leader：coolness in the face of danger，an excellent sense of strategy，and an ability to plan in minute detail．(A) Tubman’s maintain ed that she has(B) Tubman’s maintain that she had(C) Tubman’s have maintained that she had(D) Tubman maintained that she had(E) Tubman had maintained that she has3—10 New Jersey's is one of the five highest number of reported cases of Lyme disease in the United States．(A) New Jersey’s is one of the five highest number of reported(B New Jersey’s is one of the five highest numbers in reporting(C) New Jersey has a report of one of the five highest numbers of(D) New Jersey has one of the five highest numbers of reported(E) New Jersey reports one of the five highest number ofE3-1 For many travelers，charter vacations often turn out to considerably more than they originally seemed．(A)they originally seemed(B)they originally seem to(C)they seemingly would cost originally(D) it seemed originally(E)it originally seemed they wouldE3—2 In Holland，a larger percentage of the gross national product is spent on defense of their coasts from rising seas than is spent on military defense in the United Stated．(A) In Holland，a larger percentage of the gross national product is spent on defense of their coasts from rising seas than is spent on military defense in the United Stated·(B) In Holland they spend a larger percentage of their gross national product on defending their coasts from rising seas than the United States does on military defense．(C) A larger percentage of Holland’s gross national product is spent on defending their coasts from rising seas than the United States spends on military defense·(D) Holland spends a larger percentage of its gross national product defending its coast from rising seas than the military defense spending of the United States.(E) Holland spends a larger percentage of its gross national product on defending it coasts from rising seas than the United States does on military defense·E3—3 Japan received huge sums of capital from the United States after the Second World War, using it to help build a modem industrial system·(A)Japan received huge sums of capital from the United States after the Second World War, using it to help build(B)Japan received huge sums of capital from the United States after the Second World War and used it to help in building(C) Japan used the huge sums of capital it received from the United Stated after the second World War to help build(D) Japan’s huge sums of capital received from the United States after the Second world War were used to help it in building(E) Receiving huge sums of capital from the United States after the second World War，Japan used it to help buildE3—4In England the well-dressed gentleman of the eighteenth century protected their clothing while having their wig powdered by poking their head through a device that resembled.(A) gentleman of the eighteenth century protected their clothing while having their wig powdered by poking their head(B) gentleman of the eighteenth century protected his clothing while having his wig powdered by poking his head(C) gentleman of the eighteenth century protected their clothing while having their wigs powdered by poking their heads(D) gentleman of the eighteenth century protected his clothing while having his wig powdered by poking his head(E) gentleman of the eighteenth century protected their clothing while having his wig powdered by poking his headE3—5 There is ample evidence，derived from the lore of traditional folk medicine，that naturally occurring antibiotics are usually able to be modified to make them a more effective drug.(A)are usually able to be modified to make them a more effective drug(B)are usually able to be modified to make them more effective drugs(C)are usually able to modified。

(完整word版)新动SAT语法讲义

SAT 语法部分简介语法部分属于SAT reasoning test 中的写作（writing)板块，与essay writing 分值一起组成写作板块的总分。

SAT语法之所以被划分在Writing Skills当中,是因为它实际是考查考生对英语的标准书面语(Standard Written English）的掌握程度,并非琐碎复杂的语法知识，SAT 语法规则有时和我们通常所学的语法书上的知识点有所出入，规则也不尽相同.其考试题型和考试重点也与中国的语法题目大相径庭。

因此SAT的语法具有特殊性，它追求的是“好的语法",是恰当的，最符合英语国家文化传统与语言习惯的用法。

SAT的语法规则，也就是像OG当中所阐述的那样，是一种“the rules of good written English”，具有准确，清晰，简洁的特点，杜绝口语化、模糊和冗余的表达。

表现在做题方面，不仅仅会考到你是否能判断这个句子正确与否，而且会考到这个句子是否有效和简洁.这就大大提升了题目的难度。

比如说有些句子在TOEFL 中是对的,但是在SAT语法里面就是错误的，因为它不够简洁有效。

整个语法部分包括三种题型：ISE（Identifying sentence errors，即挑错题)、IS(Improving sentences,即句子改进题）、IP(Improving paragraphs，即段落改进题），所有题目均为五选一。

SAT语法部分的49个选择题分布在两个section,其中 ISE（句子挑错题）18 小题、IS（句子改进题)25 小题、IP(段落改进题）6 小题.三种题型所考查的侧重点各不相同，从OG和真题上对各部分考试目的和内容的解析中可以得出这一点.如在 ISE的介绍中,对考生的要求是“The ability to recognize grammar and usage errors"，强调语法和固定用法的使用是否正确；而IS对考生的要求则变成了“the ability to recognize and write clear, effective and accurate sentences"，从语法知识转移到了清晰，准确，简洁的表达方式。

SAT语法讲义3(Subject-verb Agreement)

Error Classification
Pronoun Error
Misplaced Modifiers
Subject-Verb Agreement Faulty Parallelism Faulty Verb Tense Faulty Comparisons Idiom
Sentence Fragments Adjectives/Adverbs Run-on Sentence
2. 连系动词+表语构成的复合谓语 Eg. ★ You look the same. ★ The weather gets warmer, and the days get longer.
主谓一致的三原则
1. 语法一致原则 2. 意义一致原则
3. 就近原则
语法一致原则
单主复主单谓复谓
Eg. ★The number of errors was surprising. ★ We love our motherland.
※ 谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”、
“是什么” 或“怎么样”
※ 谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后 ※ 谓语由简单动词或动词短语(助动词或情态动词＋主要动词）构成简单谓语和复合谓语
＊不论何种时态，语态，语气，凡由一个动词（或动词词组）构成的谓语都是简单谓语 Eg. ★ I like walking. ★ I made your birthday cake last night. ★ It is used by travelers and business people all over the world. ＊复合谓语 1. 情态动词，助动词+不带to的动词不定式构成的重复谓语 Eg. ★ What does this word mean? ★ I won’t do词或代词或其他词的数的形式，来决定其自身的数的形式 Eg. ★ Not only his children but also he himself wants to go there.（want） ★ Either my wife or I am going to work there. (be)

SAT语法ppt课件

Time Allotted
Numbers of Questions
65 minutes
52
35 minutes
44
50 minutes
1
80 minutes
58
230 minutes (with essay) 155(with essay)
精选版课件ppt
4
SAT算分规则
作文不算分阅读与语法：800
B) In fact, many librarians, whose training now includes courses on research and Internet search methods, teach classes in Internet navigation, database and software use, and digital information literacy.
1. 句子结构要正确（造句的两大原则） 2. 句子间的语义逻辑要正确 3. 句子要简洁
D) summer and this evidence follows
精选版课件ppt
21
In fact, librarians’ training now includes courses on research and Internet search methods. Many of whom teach classes in Internet navigation, database and software use, and digital information literacy.
Which choice most effectively combines the underlined sentences?

SAT基础班语法讲义

SAT基础语法讲义一语法section 简介SAT语法隶属于写作部分，由三部分构成：ISE(Identifying Sentence Errors), IS(Improving Sentences)和IP(Improving Paragraphs)。

分值分布是：ISE-18道，IS-25道， IP-6道，其中的IS和IP部分是新的题型，在国内的考试和国外常见的考试里都没有见到过，也是很多考生提高成绩的瓶颈之处。

二 SAT常考语法体系：1，主谓一致。

尤其用于倒装时，比如there be句型或地点状语至于句首，要找到真正的主语；有插入语时，要勇敢的抛弃非中心部分，找到真正的主语；主谓一致还会出现在一些固定用法中，但是一般比较简单，比如neither nor或者not only but also等等。

2，逻辑主语，当分词或者形容词放在句首，一定要考虑它的主语问题。

3，时态的混用，常出的错误是：have＋过去式，过去完成时和一般过去式混用，现在完成时和一般过去式的混用。

4，名词和代词，常常名词单复数混淆，男女混淆，主格宾格混淆；也会在their、it和they之间指代不明；关于指代，跨段之间不能指代，it不能指代整个句子，只能指代一个名词或动作，one和they不能相互指代，one 和you也不能相互指代；this不能单独充当主语和宾语。

5，同类比较，只有同类的东西才能用于as well as和than句型。

EG：The population of China is larger than that of America.6，adj和adv的混用：adj修饰名词，adv可以修饰除名词外的大部分词。

Adj和adv两者之间用比较级，三者或三者以上用最高级。

7，句子结构上，“，”不能连接两个句子，“；”等于and，必须连接两个句子；且一个长句中，谓语动词和连接词的数目要平衡。

Tips：1，having，being放在句中是错误的，放在句首是正确的。

SAT语法

SAT语法：名词、代词、动词SAT语法套路分析之名词1.a 实意名词1 of 名词2这个结构考点是后面的动词单复数，基本由前面的实意名词1 前面a 决定单数!a means of ...means是自带s结尾，动词单数!2. a number of , a lot of 等常见情况都懂，复数。

3. 一个名词的单复数直接决定后续的动词，以及它的指代词的单复数，所以请务必关注名词的单数a 标志和复数结尾s 标志!这对于做对长句阅读理解题至关重要!注意：以上情况不含特殊例外!不要用特殊例外推翻多数情况下的常规考点。

学新SAT阅读的同学们都懂，不要用极端词汇must all same 这些词汇来一刀切描述所有情况。

SAT语法套路分析之代词1. 选项出现he or she , his or her, one's , we , our , you , people , them 基本都是错误答案。

(已知his or her 正确仅一次!不是指代考点)2. 选项出现its ,their, this, these, such...基本都是出题考点，能在原文前方句中找到这个指代的具体名词就是正确答案(句意合理)。

找不到这个指代什么鬼东西，就是个错答案。

这个方法越是长题阅读信息，越是百试不爽!深刻理解这个小小的’撇号its 它的it's = it is = 它是(动词),这个’撇号是it is 的缩写it's基本可以不要脸地说：its 多为正确答案，it's 基本没有出题正确选过。

考最多的是its 单数的和their 复数的区别。

SAT语法套路分析之动词1.动词集中考察主谓一致，即SVO中SV的单复数形态保持一致，即复数的主语使用动词的复数形态，单数的主语后动词使用单数形态。

so simple ? no! no! no!最常考的公式: S (迷惑你的一串词) VO2.时态集中考察do 和did 时态区别，be doing时态和has done时态(还有好多乱七八糟的时态表格)不是考察重点。

SAT语法教程

IEIE原则IE原则一）宽容原则：可以对的就是对的，必然错的才是错的！1.After having read numerous diet books, Charles decided that the simplest plan would be theA Bbest: eat fewer calories and exercise more. No errorC D E2.Not having traveled abroad before, John was both apprehensive and excited about his3.The woman whom the board picked to design the new building is a renowned architectand has received many awards. No errorIE原则二）必须遵守严格的书面英文的语法。

4.After the somber butler strode to the door and asked, “Who is it ? ” the mysterious vagrantNo error动词的主谓单复数动词的主谓单复数陷阱一）倒装5.There is many benefits to biking; it is both a rigorous form of extensive and anenvironmentally sustainable, conscious mode of transportation.6.Despite the decline in media attention, there still are, above the western Pacific Ocean, agrowing ozone hole.7.Often citied by the media is the right to freedom of speech and the claim that the publicwants to know what celebrities do in their off-time.8.Deleted from the play during the editing process was a scene whichthe author felt could offend many people and a potentiallycontroversial reference to the recent civil strife in his history.动词的主谓单复数陷阱二）A 介词 B9.Some words in the English language has several meanings which are unrelated exceptthrough their origins: testudinate, for example, can mean either curved and vault-shaped, or extremely slow moving, since the word derives from the Latin word for turtle.10.The field of consumer electronics have never been fixed: DVD replaces VHS tapes today,just as CDs replaced cassette tapes in the past.11.Either of the two plans are acceptable as both will work equally well.12.The book Living with Flowers have fabulous picture of how to decorate one’s home withflowers as well as examples of how flowers, and nurturing them, can contribute to one’s well being and serenity.13.The existence of consistent rules are important if a teacher wants to run a classroomefficiently.14.When evaluating the impact of a painting, one of the most intriguing aspects are howthe viewer perceives it: can the viewer be induced to consider a perspective distinct herown?15.By order of the Board of Education, the wearing of tank tops by students in all the city16.Some scholars argue that Shakespeare’s collection of sonnets were actually written for hispatron.17.There is so much contradictory evidence that the police are reviewing all of the alibis,verifying that each of the suspects have a reliable witness or credible story to account for his whereabouts on the night of the crime.18.Neither of the players on the course today have any hope of reaching the final round.动词的主谓单复数陷阱三）either A or B neither A nor B19.When he confronted the teacher, as he did after almost every year, the student was adamantthat neither the question nor the answers was fair.20.Neither the rebel group nor the government are poised to strike a decisive blow in the civilwar which has been ranging for over a year.动词的主谓单复数陷阱四）引导词21.Many singers in fields such as rhythm and blues, soul, and even rock who achieves successactually began their careers by singing in a church choir, developing their voices and vocal techniques on some of the world’s most beloved music.22.The success of the women’s rights movement can, ironically, be measured by the steadyrise in the number of women who suffers from historically male diseases, such as heartattacks and strokes.动词的主谓单复数陷阱五）some of someone23.“Somebody have done somebody wrong somehow” has to be one of the most insightfuland universal lyrics ever written; the popularity of this country song lends credence to that conclusions.24.Politicians habitually promise to implement many profound changes if they are elected;unfortunately – or fortunately, depending on one’s perspective – only some of these promises动词的主谓单复数技巧一）注意当主语的核心词与谓语的核心词间隔较远的时候！25.Dentists agree that brushing your teeth three times a day promote good dental health and amore attractive smile.26.If the chef at the restaurant we visit most frequently overcook my father’s burger one moretime, my father will speak to the manager.27.The ease and speed with which a computer connected to the Internet can transmit a lengthy28.Scientists has discovered a type of coral with thesame characteristics as human bone; its qualities render it ideal for hip replacements and other orthopedic endeavors.29.John Wayne, long considered a hero by his fans from across the country, were very patriotic.30.The frog , as a species, are among the best harbingers of environmental pollution, as it isextremely sensitive to change in both water and soil.31.Rosie the Riveter, who was characterized in the World War II posters as an attractive,dark-haired, muscular woman and clearly different from the beautiful blonds languishing by the home fires, are finding new popularity with today’s women’s advocates.32.Legal cases today cover increasingly sophisticated technological and medical issues, whilethe number of parties, especially in class action suits, are ballooning.33.The continual improvements in athletic training methods has made performances thatwould have been considered impossible a generation ago everyday occurrences.动词的主谓单复数技巧二）判断划线部分的谓语动词所对应的主语的单复数！34.The news that no weapons of mass destruction have been found are fueling the oppositionto the war and eroding the president’s credibility.35.Dieting and exercise is not the answer to all weight problems, but they should do the trickfor most waistlines.动词的平行结构：由已知推未知，由正确推错误！36.Despite having had no formal training, Jackie was nonetheless able to master the pianoby listening to recordings, reading instructional books, and she practiced on her own.37.Two current television trends, the home improvement show that craze and the “hot rod”automobile fad, seem to show a dissatisfaction with our domestic spaces and indicating a desire for something riskier and more exciting.38.In the author’s latest novel, the hero traveled to Montana where she finds a mysteriouslydeserted house and, through a series of misunderstandings, becomes embroiled in aninternational smuggling ring.39.After Wayne Gretzky began playing hockey, he stayed focused on the sport and holds 61records when he retired.40.By 2076, the United States will have been a nation for three years, while, by the same year,China has been a nation for almost four thousand years.41.The goals of the scientists, whose training had afforded them extensive experience withcutting-edge methodologies, were to change the genetic components of the virus and setting up a new set of criteria for analyzing the results.42.Recently completed, the new maglev train links Shanghai to the Pudong Airport andeliminating a major source of congestion between the two destinations.43.The little girl was not only content to allow her mother to do all the dishes, but alsobelieves that her mother actually enjoyed doing housework.44.Upon his return, Bob noticed that the milk had spoiled and had went bad while he wasaway.45.At first, Funny Cide, a horse co-owned by three racing amateurs, was thought to have achance at the Triple Crown, but a wet, sloppy track at Belmont made a difficult third race and46.Students in the literature course will explore ways in which medieval authors representedthemes of their time, and will be reading Augustine’s Confessions, Boccaccio’s Decameron, and Heloise and Abelard’s Letters.47.Several fundamental principles lay behind the development of the Constitution: first, theidea that citizens have unassailable rights, second, citizens having the right to disagree with the government.48.Revered asendeavor he attempted and serving as a prototype for the Renaissance man.49.When Ms. Ruiz arrived at the holiday sale, she realized that she had left her wallet athome and must go back to get it.50.’s painting to viewing his sculpture,although Michelangelo himself was more proud of the latter.动词的时态一）一般过去时是英文中最常用的时态，也是SAT的默认时态。

SAT语法课件--打印版

SAT随堂讲义一“六见”1 见到代词找指代指代通常有问题2 见到动词找主语主谓一致看状语3 见到非谓找逻主搭配通常不合理4 见到平行找结构形式功能要对称5 见到比较找对象对象通常不可比6 见到连词找混连混连无误找逻辑二“八点”（一）代词：见到代词找指代指代通常有1单复数2主格宾格3反身代词不可做主语4 泛指5特指6 which7 跨段不可指代（二）主谓一致动词：见到动词找主语主谓一致看状语五点原则：1语法一致2意义一致3就近原则4就远原则5固定搭配两点特殊注意A 倒装句：B 插入语（三）动词时态：动词：见到动词找主语主谓一致看状语1 客观性：客观事实真理名人名言谚语回忆录自传文学评论2 一致性：上下文和时间状语3隐含性：:first/early/originated/previous/ Former（四）非谓语：见到非谓找逻主搭配通常不合理To doDoingDoneHaving done to doAfter /since/before doing SVO，doing同位语doneAdj(五)平行：见到平行找结构形式功能要对称平行标志：Or/ either ..or…/ neither..nor/ Both..andNot only ….but also…./ not ..but…../Rather than / instead of From …to…..（时间地点等都可以）/ from…until (仅仅指时间) （六）比较：见到比较找对象对象通常不可比比较标志/标准/对象比较标志：1 as…..as…. not as…as not so…as2 than more than less than3 compare..with…. / compare…to…./ contrast..with4 differ from…../ different from5 the same …as…/ be equal to / be equivalent to/ equal6 outnumber/ outweigh(七)连词：见到连词找混连混连无误找逻辑Run-onFragment（八）As 的用法状语从句定语从句介词副词。

SAT考试常见语法讲解

SAT考试常见语法讲解SAT语法的重要性：1，学生基础好2，短期内可以迅速提高3，从抓分角度来说相对重要解题步骤：1,读题时分析句子结构，找出句子的主干，即主语中心语，谓语，和宾语中心语；2,读题时联系常考语法点思考划线部分的语法知识是否正确；3,ABCD四个选项一定要看全，然后再选择答案。

主谓一致解题思想：谓语只与主语的中心词有关，而与其前后的修饰成分无关。

解题方法：抛弃主语前后的修饰成分，找到核心词。

(1)n1 of n2 .一般情况下中心词在n1上，谓语的单复数由n1决定；one of n . sculptures of LM.(2)倒装结构中的主谓一致。

1）there+be+n.;there be A and B. 由A 决定2) only在句首引起倒装。

主语太长引起倒装。

避免头重脚轻。

表示地点和范围的介词短语位于句首，且谓语动词是系动词，引起倒装：Among the resons are A,B and C.(3)一个主语从句的谓语用单数，两个主语从句并列用复数。

(4)each of +Ns+Vs. Ns+each+V.(5)物质名词和学科名词+Vs. statistics(统计学/统计数据)(6)A or B .not A but B . not only A but also B . either A or B . neither A nor B.由B 决定。

(7)A with B . A including B . A as well as B .A,toghter with B . A along with B . A besidesB . A except B.随前一致。

(8)rest/most/some/half/50 percent +of n(单用单，复用复)(9)a baby of/an array of/a series of/a collection of/a set of +Ns+Vs.(10)the number of/a number of(11)n1 of n2 that +Ve. g one of the students that comes/come from China(12)习惯用法：knife and fork +Vs . husband and wife .平行结构：概念：平衡连接词连接的几个形式对称、功能相同部分的结构。

SAT标准讲义(完整版)

(where: in which or from which)
IE考点归纳
代词：平行结构
人称上的一致＋单复数一致
例：
If one does not enjoy fearless pigeons landing you for food, one
should avoid St. Mark’s Squat in Venice. No error
用单数形式
② 倒转语序的主谓一致完全倒装部分倒装
③ 就近一致的主谓关系 or, either or, not only...but also.., neither…nor…, not...but... ④ with, plus, along with, as well as等紧随主语的情况下，谓语单复数由最前面的主语决定
（考察动词进行时）
IE考点归纳
动词：虚拟语气
① 出现特征：if 引导虚拟语气
从句（if 条件句）过去现在 had done did 主句 would have done would do
将来
would do were to do
would (could, might, should) do
IE考点归纳
② 指代错误：（代词的所指内容与指代对象不符） Many of the students which were chosen for the National Student Leadership Conference opted for the U.S. Politics and Policies program; they spent several days attending Congressional events and

SAT语法课件4

Although a few studies have shown that a disproportionate number of artistic people are lefthanded, the connection between left-handedness and creativity remains highly debated.
A Zeus’s inability to control his lust, this made his wife B When out of control, his lust made his wife C Zeus’s inability at controlling his lust was making his wife D Zeus’s inability to control his lust made his wife E the lack of control over his lust that Zeus exhibited made his wife
2
Catalog for the Fourth Class
Ⅰ.Overview of the Sentence Grammar
Point 7 – 不间断句子
Point 8 – 不完整句子
Ⅱ. Review
Ⅲ. Homework
1.1 How to deal with the SAT Grammar
一般来讲，在一个大句子中，你找出两个子句，就必须有一个连词；找出三个子句，就必须有两个连词。凡是连词不够的，该大句子即为run-on。值得注意的是，在非正式文体中，两个完整句子中间常常没有连词，这主要是因为在一些复合句中，习惯用逗号来代替本应

SAT语法最全总结剖析

2021/2/21
10
连接副词-SAT官方指南
➢also ➢in other words ➢therefore ➢for instance ➢for example ➢however ➢as such ➢moreover ➢in broad terms ➢furthermore ➢subsequently
• 例：I love the city which is located in the west of Canada. I love the city located in the west of Canada.
• 例：I went to the post office so that I could mail a letter. I went to the post office to mail a letter.
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新SAT语法之平行结构
• 平行结构基本要求 • 平行结构中的连词和标点符号 • 比较结构 • 真题
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中国诗和西洋诗
登池上楼谢灵运潜虬媚幽姿，飞鸿响远音。
薄霄愧云浮，栖川怍渊沉。
2021/2/21
A Red,Red Rose Robert Burns • O,my love is like a red, red rose, • That's newly spring in june. • O,my love is like the melody, • That's sweetly played in tune.
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1. 能用一个词或词组表达的绝对不要用一个从句或句子表达
• 使用一个完整句子来表达一个信息，一定比一个词或词组要长，这不符合SAT的简洁性原则。

SAT语法讲义_全_

新SAT文法讲义语法知识点加巩固练习-词法考点

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SAT语法讲义（完整版）

SAT 语法 讲义

(完整word版)新动SAT语法讲义

SAT语法讲义3(Subject-verb Agreement)

SAT语法ppt课件

SAT基础班语法讲义

SAT语法

SAT语法教程

SAT语法课件--打印版

SAT考试常见语法讲解

SAT标准讲义(完整版)

SAT语法课件4

SAT语法最全总结剖析

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