牛津英语模块十第二单元所有课时内容精讲及课堂精练

模块十第二单元讲解和练习

［课本链接］

一、词汇

mobility, edition, seasonal, pension, changeable, retirement, ambulance, homeowner, walk-in, bathtub, seagull, Oceania, rent, partner, accountant, database, clerk, allowance, brunch, buffet, headline, numb, physicist, botany, biochemistry, lawyer, adjustment, skateboard, astronomer, bakery, currency, exchange, returnee, preferential, sponsorship, wander, submit, roundabout, collision, hearing, citizenship, suspect

二、词组、习语

on the move, account for, one’s own flesh and blood, go bowling, take advantage of, w ord of mouth, make use of, have something in common, submit to, in vain, in rags, fortune telling, take to, in terror, in large numbers, compensate for, vote for, a variety of, cater to, be designed for, make for, rely on, ride a skateboard, in part, wipe out, have prejudice against, a ray of light

三、语法：段落的要素

★主题句：一般来说，每个段落都有一个要点，这表现在一个主题句中，它常常说明这个段落的主要信息。但并不是所有段落都有主题句的，这主要是因为这一段落仍然在叙述前一个段落的主题内容。

主题句通常是每个段落的首句。然而，在一些论文、故事或文章的第一段里，主题句又常常出现在一个问题或一个引用语或一个有趣的事实后面。这主要是为了吸引读者的注意力。★论据：主题句后常跟有用以解释或证明其观点内容的句子，即论据。如：

For decades, Florida has been attracting older residents(主题句). In fact, according to the national population survey conducted in 2000, Florida was home to the largest population of people aged 65 and older(论据).

每段的所有句子应当按顺序列出，这样才有意义。通常我们会用过渡词来连接上下句。如：for example, for instance, furthermore, first, second, third, on the other hand, however, also等。★结论句：一个段落的结尾常用一种新的方式重复本段落的主题。我们会用结论句来表达最终的观点或帮助介绍下一段落的主题。如：

Across the USA, people are noticing the same thing: young people want to live in cities.

［词语讲解］

1. head vi.

(1) 朝---行进（与for, towards, across连用）

The ship was heading for Shanghai.船正开往上海。

It’s about time we were heading home. 我们该动身回家了。

(2) 负责, 主管

A delegation headed by former President Jimmy Carter are visiting China now.

一个以前总统吉米·卡特为首的代表团正在中国访问。

(3) 位于---首位，在---中名列第一

The movie heads the list of Oscar nominations. 这部影片在奥斯卡提名影片中名列首位。(4) 位于队伍之首，带领

The procession was headed by Martin Luther King. 游行队伍由马丁·路德金带领的。

n.

keep one’s head 保持头脑冷静

be out of one’s head 发疯，精神错乱

lose one’s head 慌神，失去自制，惊惶失措

use your head 认真思考，动脑筋

3. exchange n.

(1) 交换，互换

Negotiators are considering the exchange of land for peace. 谈判者们正考虑以土地换和平共。

2) 短时间的交谈heated exchange 激烈的争吵

The DJ was fired after a heated exchange on air with a call-in listener.

在播送节目时和一名打进电话的听众大吵一顿之后，那个音乐节目主持人被解雇了。(3) (货币的)兑换

Most capital cities have extensive exchange facilities.

大部分首都城市都有大量的外汇兑换设备。

in exchange for 以----作为交换

I’ve offered to paint the kitchen in exchange for a week’s accommodation.

我提出愿意粉刷厨房，条件是让我免费住宿一周。

vt.

(1) 交易，交换

At the end of the game players traditionally exchange shirts with each other.

按照传统，比赛结束时两队球员互换球衣。

(2) 调换

He exchanged the black jacket for a blue one. 他把黑色夹克换成了蓝色。

(3) 相互做（某事）

Sally and I exchange amused glances when we heard this.

听到这话时，我与萨莉开心地交换了下眼色。

Until this evening I had never so much as exchanged a word with him.

在今晚之前，我甚至连一句话都未跟他说过。

exchange information/ideas 交流信息/想法

exchange houses 交换住所

exchange rate 汇率，兑换率

4. submit vi.

（1）服从；屈服

I was unwilling to submit to his orders and often punished by doing washing up.

我当时不愿意服从他的命令而经常被罚洗碗。

She refused to submit to threats.（=give in）他面对威胁拒不低头。

（2）提出，提交

All applications for jobs must be submitted by Monday.

所有的求职申请必须在星期一之前呈交。

（3）提议，主张，建议

I submit that the jury has been influenced by the publicity in this case.

我认为陪审团在这个案件里受到宣传报道的影响。

(4) submission n. 屈服，投降

beat sb/force into submission 打得/强迫某人屈服

submissive adj. 顺从的；驯服的；听话的

She followed him like a submissive child.