(完整word版)2018初中英语教师资格证笔试复习资料
2018年中学英语教师招聘考试基础知识
2018年中学英语教师招聘考试基础知识一名词和冠词专练1. —Is that 110? A thief is in my house ...—OK. Help is ______.A. in the wayB. on the wayC. by the wayD. in a way2. We went to the beach and collected ______.A. dozen shellsB. dozens shellsC. dozen of shellsD. dozens of shells3. As a result of the heavy snow, the airport has been closed until further______.A. newsB. informationC. messageD. notice4. —I’d like to meet Mr. King.—Sorry, to my ______, he has gone home.A. delightB. knowledgeC. awarenessD. sorrow5. The policeman was questioning the man who was one of the ______ of theaccident.A. observersB. viewersC. witnessesD. audiences6. Jack tried hard to get a gold medal in the sports meeting but he hadno ______.A. luckB. timeC. fateD. result7. Once there was a growing ______ towards historical films.A. traditionB. rateC. trendD. direction8. The ______ involved in starting a business are high.A. pricesB. costsC. moneyD. value9. Chinese arts have won the ______ of a lot of people outside China.A. enjoymentB. appreciationC. entertainmentD. achievement10. Tom has been preparing carefully for the test so that he could passit at his first ______.A. purposeB. desireC. attemptD. intention11. —I’d like to see the movie very much, but I have no mo ney with me.—That’s OK. My ______ this time.A. offerB. treatC. promiseD. service12. Before the final exam, many students have shown ______ of tension. Somehave trouble in sleeping and others have lost their appetite.A. featuresB. marksC. signsD. looks13. The manager lost his ______ just because his secretary was ten minuteslate.A. temperB. moodC. mindD. thought14. It is said that in this area over a third of the population have no______ to health care.A. aidB. helpC. wayD. access15. It was dark and he had completely lost his ______ of direction.A. understandingB. feelingC. experienceD. sense16. The performance is so moving and perfect that it is almost beyond allthe viewers’ ______.A. hopeB. wishC. expectationD. demand17. —Few children are as bright as he is, and also, he works very hard. —It’s no ______ that he always wins first place in every examination.A. doubtB. wonderC. problemD. question18. Numerous studies already attach the first meal of the day to betterclassroom ______.A. behaviorB. functionC. displayD. performance19. You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of ______.A. dateB. shapeC. sightD. balance20. The private school was closed down as a(n) ______ of its terribly badmanagement.A. matterB. consequenceC. actionD. fact名词和冠词专练参考答案：1-5 BDDBC 6-10 ACBBC 11-15 BCADD 16-20 CBDBB形容词和副词专练1. All of us believe that a great many leaders from other countries willbe __ at the opening ceremony of the 2018 Olympics.A. presentB. necessaryC. enjoyableD. important2. I’m always ve ry ______ when I am asked to recite the text in class.A. curiousB. nervousC. mysteriousD. conscious3. Programs on the earthquake were broadcast ______ 24 hours a day ontelevision in those days.A. aliveB. livingC. liveD. lively4. I’d be ______ if y ou could give me an early reply.A. worriedB. gratefulC. satisfiedD. helpful5. Those MP3 players are usually $35 each, but today they have a ______price of $19.A. regularB. particularC. normalD. special6. I’m surprised that you should have been foo led by such a ______ trick.A. friendlyB. difficultC. skillfulD. simple7. He is such an important person that you should talk in a(n) ______ way.A. properB. usualC. casualD. exact8. —What’s the ______ population of this province?—Over ten million.A. totalB. fullC. completeD. all9. Cold as it was, the trip was ______ and people were enjoying themselves.A. differentB. pleasantC. amusedD. pleased10. In general, the amount that a student spends on housing should be heldto one-fifth of the living expenses ______.A. acceptableB. advisableC. availableD. applicable11. Being taught in a small group is far ______ to being in a large, noisyclassroom.A. adaptableB. beneficialC. preferableD. influential12. Young people are not ______ to stand and look at sports; they want sportsthey can participate in.A. enthusiasticB. contentC. confidentD. energetic13. The new research team was led by the ______ engineer.A. mainB. majorC. chiefD. super14. She looks very ______ but I can’t remember her name.A. memorableB. forgetfulC. similarD. familiar15. I’m afraid I must seem very ______ compared with all those interestingpeople you meet.A. dullB. boredC. tiredD. annoyed16. —Are you content with the information she offered?—Not at all. Itcou ldn’t have been ______.A. worseB. badC. betterD. good17. John told me that ______ nothing important had ever happened when hewas on holiday.A. seldomB. rarelyC. nearlyD. almost18. —Do you think he is clever?—I’m afraid he’s ______ than clever.A. more diligentB. diligentC. much diligentD. most diligent19. Exercise is ______ as diet to build up a strong body.A. so a useful wayB. as a useful wayC. as useful a wayD. such useful away20. I’m pleased to say that I’ve already finished ______ 60%of the workin these three days.A. no more thanB. no less thanC. not more thanD. much less than形容词和副词专练参考答案：1-5 ABCBD 6-10 DAABC 11-15 CBCDA 16-20 ADACB动词及短语动词专练1. All the people should ______ to help those suffering the earthquake.A. uniteB. connectC. combineD. add2. Over the past thirty-two years, Tangshan has ______ a series of greatchanges in its city image and economy.A. foundB. appearedC. seenD. looked3. —Hello, may I speak to one of your reporters?—Sorry, all of them havegone to ___ the games of the Olympics.A. setB. meetC. coverD. serve4. Today in China many young people ______ important positions in thegovernment.A. seizeB. catchC. graspD. hold5. Early this year cruel snowstorms hit southern China, ______ greattransportation problems in some areas.A. leadingB. causingC. resultingD. creating6. —How about having some fried chicken?—Oh, no. It ______ lots of fat.A. remainsB. containsC. keepsD. includes7. —Do you think John is coming to attend the lecture?—Sure. I have ______him to.A. advisedB. suggestedC. persuadedD. supposed8. You’d better wash the shirt in c old water, or the colour will ______.A. loseB. runC. reduceD. die9.—Good morning, sir. Can I help you?—I’d like a barbecue together withan orange juice. How much do you ___?A. chargeB. sellC. payD. afford10. Little Tom, you have to ______ your m anners at your uncle’s or I won’ttake you there.A. watchB. noticeC. careD. mind11. I don’t like the paintings. They don’t ______ well with the wallsof the room.A. fitB. suitC. goD. match12. It ______ to me that if I had continued that, I would have been rude.A. happenedB. showedC. leftD. occurred13. If you find something useful on the Internet, you can download and _____it in your personal computer file.A. saveB. collectC. shareD. fill14. There was once a time when a gentleman would immediately rise and ______his seat as soon as he saw a lady got onto a crowded bus.A. offerB. donateC. supplyD. provide15. —I want to go to the cinema with you, Dad.—Sorry, my darling, butthe film is ______ for adults.A. consideredB. intendedC. permittedD. developed16. Though the job is not difficult to finish within two months，we must______ no effort.A. spareB. giveC. doD. try17. Only ticket-holders were ______ into the stadium for the concert.A. allowedB. askedC. acceptedD. admitted18. She could have beco me a brilliant musician if she’d ______ her mindto it.A. followedB. changedC. openedD. put19. Each time I fail, my father will always tell me “If your dream is bigenough, the facts don’t ______.”A. costB. countC. valueD. mean20. Good students always ______ more attention on what the teachers teach.A. callB. drawC. fixD. attract动词及短语动词专练参考答案：1-5 ACCDB 6-10 BCBAD 11-15 CDAAB 16-20 ADDBC高中英语语法分类总复习名词、冠词1. To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten, the students in our school started a discussion “Save Our ______”. (安徽2018)A. SkyB. LifeC. ArtsD. Voices2. What’s the ______ of having a public open space where you can’t eat,drink or even simply hang out for a while?(福建2018)A. senseB. matterC. caseD. opinion3. The young man made a ______ to his parents that he would try to earnhis own living after graduation.A. predictionB. promiseC. planD. contribution4. The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly______.(湖北2018)A. atmosphereB. stateC. situationD. phenomenon5. —Shall we go out for a walk?—Sorry. This is not the right ______ toinvite me. I am too tired to walk.A. momentB. situationC. placeD. chance6. Have you heard ______ news?The price of ______ petrol is going up again!(湖南2018)A. the; theB. 不填; theC. the; 不填D. 不填; 不填7. —I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.—It is not your fault. With ______ rush-hour traffic and ______ heavy rain,it is no wonder you were late.A. a; aB. the; theC. 不填; 不填D. 不填; a8. It’s not ______ good idea to drive for four hours without ______break.(2018全国卷II)A. a; aB. the; aC. the; theD. a; the9. In many places in China, ______ bicycle is still ______ popular meansof transportation. (重庆2018)A. a; theB. 不填; aC. the; aD. the; the10. In the United States, there is always ______ flow of people to areasof __ country where more jobs can be found.A. a; theB. the; aC. the; theD. a; aKey： 1-5 DABAA 6-10 CBACA形容词、副词1. —Hi, Mark. How was the musical evening?—Excellent! Alex and Andyperformed __ and they won the first prize.A. skillfullyB. commonlyC. willinglyD. nervously2. After the long journey, the three of them went back home, ______. (北京2018)A. hungry and tiredlyB. hungry and tiredC. hungrily and tiredlyD. hungrilyand tired3. In spite of repeated wrongs done to him, he looks ______ to peoplegreeting him. (福建2018)A. friendlyB. livelyC. worriedD. cold4. In those days, our _concern was to provide people who were stopped bythe snow storm with food and health care.A. normalB. constantC. permanentD. primary5. As he works in a remote area, he visits his parents only ______. (湖北2018)A. occasionallyB. anxiouslyC. practicallyD. urgently6. Last night Mr. Crook didn’t come back at the usual time. __, he metsome friends and stayed out until midnight.A. MeanwhileB. HoweverC. InsteadD. Yet7. Jack is late again. It is ______ of him to keep others waiting. (江西2018)A. normalB. ordinaryC. commonD. typical8. You’re driving too fast. Can you drive ______?(2018全国卷I)A. more slowly a bitB. slowly a bit moreC. a bit more slowlyD. slowlymore a bit9. The weather was ______ cold that I didn’t like to leave my room. (2018全国卷I)A. reallyB. suchC. tooD. so10. Ten years ago the population of our village was ______ that of theirs.(陕西2018)A. as twice large asB. twice as large asC. twice as much asD. as twicemuch as11. My brother is really ______. He often works in his office far into thenight. (天津2018)A. open-mindedB. hard-workingC. self-confidentD. warm-hearted12. Although badly hurt in the accident, the driver was ______ able to makea phone call. (四川2018)A. stillB. evenC. alsoD. everKey： 1-5 ABADA 6-10 CDCDB11-12 BA动词、短语动词1. —Are you happy with your new computer?—No, it is ______ me a lot oftrouble. (安徽2018)A. showingB. leavingC. givingD. sparing2. Don’t be so discouraged. If you _______ such feelings, you will do betternext time. (安徽2018)A. carry onB. get backC. break downD. put away3. ______ a moment and I will go to your rescue. (福建2018)A. Go onB. Hold onC. Move onD. Carry on4. Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still ______ thetraditional customs. (湖北2018)A. performB. possessC. observeD. support5. As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine, we must send foran engineer to ______ the problem.A. handleB. raiseC. faceD. present6. The teacher stressed again that the students should not ______ anyimportant details while retelling the story.A. bring outB. let outC. leave outD. make out7. In modern times, people have to learn to ______ all kinds of pressurealthough they are leading a comfortable life.A. keep withB. stay withC. meet withD. live with8. The present situation is very complex, so I think it will take me sometime to ______ its reality.A. make upB. figure outC. look throughD. put off9. I it as a basic principle of the company that suppliers of rawmaterials should be given a fair price for their prodcts.A. makeB. lookC. takeD. think10. If a person has not had enough sleep, his actions will give him ______during the day. (江西2018)A. awayB. upC. inD. back11. The performance ______ nearly three hours, but few people left thetheatre early.(2018全国卷I)A. coveredB. reachedC. playedD. lasted12. After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane ______ herjob as a doctor in the countryside.A. set outB. took overC. took upD. set up13. —What are you reading, Tom?—I’m not really reading, just ______ thepages. (2018全国卷II)A. turning offB. turning aroundC. turning overD. turning up14. Her shoes ______ her dress; they look very well together. (天津2018)A. suitB. fitC. compareD. match15. Little Johnny felt the bag, curious to know what it ______. (2018全国卷II)A. collectedB. containedC. loadedD. saved16. It’s going to rain. Xiao Feng, will you please help me ______ the clotheson the line?(陕西2018)A. get offB. get backC. get inD. get on17. You have to ______ a choice. Are you going to leave the job or stay?(四川2018)A. decideB. getC. doD. make18. The meal over, the managers went back to the meeting room to ______their discussion.(天津2018)A. put awayB. take dowC. look overD. carry onKey： 1-5 CDBCA 6-10 CDBCA11-15 DCCDB 16-18 CDD2018年中学英语教师招聘考试基础知识二时态和语态及非谓语动词专练1. It was reported that more than one million people ______ light showerson May 2, 2018 to cheer the Olympic torch relay in Hong Kong.A. had ignoredB. ignoredC. ignoreD. have ignored2. —He can speak English because he once lived in London.—Really? Howlong ______ there?A. does he liveB. is he livingC. has he livedD. did he live3. —When do you know Beijing Olympic tickets can ______ online? —From April, 2007. And I am sure that tickets for the 110 meters hurdleswill ______ well.A. be booked; be soldB. book; be soldC. be booked; sellD. book; sell4. The other day, Johnny returned to his house after a holiday only to findthat it ______.A. is broken intoB. has been broken intoC. had broken intoD. had beenbroken into5. Don’t take the picture-book away. It ______ me.A. belongs toB. is belonged toC. was belonged toD. belonged t6. Jane, look at the clouds! It ______!A. is about to rainB. is going to rainC. rainsD. is to rain7. —Don’t forget to buy me an MP4, Dad.—______.A. I don’tB. I won’tC. I didn’tD. I haven’t8. —You were not at home yesterday evening. Did you go to see a film?—Yes. I ______ seeing films.A. have likedB. had likedC. likedD. like9. —Have you got your test result?—Not yet. I believe that the papers______.A. are correctingB. have not correctedC. are still being correctedD. hadnot been corrected10. Mary mentioned that the dog ______ her daughter more than once.A. had attackedB. attacksC. has attackedD. would attack11. So difficult ______ it to work out the problem that I decided to askLily for help.A. do I findB. did I findC. would I findD. have I found12. —Oh, Mr. Wang, I forgot the textbook again.—You ______ something.A. have leftB. are always leavingC. leftD. did leave13. —What ______ when I phoned you yesterday?—I ______ my work, and Iwas going out.A. have you done; finishedB. were you doing; finishC. did you do; had just finishedD. were you doing; had just finished14. No sooner ______ to the office than she got down to writing the report.A. has she gotB. did she getC. does she getD. had she got15. Lisa ______ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether shehas finished it.A. was writingB. wroteC. had writtenD. has written16. —How are you planning to travel to Beijing?—I ______ yet, but I ______taking a train.A. didn’t decide; am consideringB. haven’t decided; considerC. haven’t decided; am consideringD. hadn’t decided; have considered17. —Have you finished the article?—No, but I ______ it all this week.A. writeB. had writtenC. have writtenD. have been writing18. We first met in 1998, and from then on we ______ good friends.A. areB. will beC. have beenD. had been19. —Did you notice our head teacher just now?—No, I ______ of somethingelse.A. was thinkingB. thoughtC. had thoughtD. have thought20. —I left my dictionary on the desk by the window, but now it’s gone—Who do you think ______ it?A. will takeB. has takenC. takesD. had taken21. All of the students ______ by 7:30, but their headmaster ______ until20 minutes later.A. had arrived; hasn’t turned upB. arrived; didn’t turn upC. had arrived;didn’t turn upD. arrived; hadn’t turned up22. I promise the matter will ______.A. be taken careB. be taken care ofC. take careD. take care of23. The little girl is generally healthy, but every now and then she ______a cold.A. has caughtB. is catchingC. will catchD. does catch24. —Has Mr. Zhang returned from America yet? I’d li ke to see him. —I’m very sorry, but he ______ back here only last weekend and is nowin CanadaA. has beenB. would beC. isD. was25. Mr. Li, I should tell you this is the fifth time you ______ me for mytwin sister.A. have mistakenB. mistakeC. had mistakenD. mistook26. Jack woke up from a terrible dream, only ______ in another world, onethat was real.A. finding himB. found himselfC. be foundD. to find himself27. ______ around the lab, the visitors were taken to the playground.A. Having shownB. Having been shownC. Being shownD. To be shown28. The students are not allowed, unless they have special passes, ______after 10:30 pm.A. to stay outB. staying outC. stay outD. stayed out29. I think that more attention should be paid ______ the studen ts’abilities.A. to developingB. developingC. to developD. develop30. ______ on Main Street, the market is busy every day.A. To locateB. LocateC. LocatedD. Locating#p31. My teacher advised the dictionary ______ be bought in three days.A. refer toB. referringC. referred toD. to refer32. —Sorry, sir, I can’t answer this question.—Well, you’re supposed______ this part of history.A. readingB. having readC. to have readD. to read33. She seemed ______ who I was, so I had to introduce myself.A. to not recognizeB. not to recognizeC. to have not recognizedD. not tohave recognized34. Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ______ after drinking.A. never to driveB. to never driveC. never drivingD. never drived35. My computer wants _______. It’s out of c ontrol.A. to repairB. being repairedC. repairedD. repairing36. I asked my employer to get me ______ what’s going on in my office whileI was away on holiday.A. informedB. informed ofC. informing ofD. to be informed37. It remains ______ when we’ll h ave the next meeting.A. to decideB. to be decidedC. decidingD. decided38. We only have little time together, so we try ______ it wisely.A. spendingB. spendC. to spendD. having spent39. Many students expect there ______ no exams in the future.A. beB. to beC. beingD. been40. It’s no use ______ — you just need ______ the test again later.A. complaining; to takeB. to complain; to takeC. to complain; takingD.complaining; taking41. The teacher was the last ______ the _______ classroom.A. to leave; fallingB. left; fallenC. having left; fallingD. leaving;fallen42. Many businessmen attended the Boao Forum because they knew what ______from it.A. gettingB. to be goC. gotD. to get43. Having been shaken by the big earthquake, ______.A. doctors came to their rescueB. the tall building collapsedC. an emergency measure was takenD. warning was given to the tourists44. What worried the child most was ______ to visit his mother in hospital.A. his being not allowedB. not allowingC. his not being allowedD. notallowed45. Mrs. Brown was disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ______went wrong again.A. to repairB. being repairedC. repairedD. repair46. Once your business becomes international, ______ constantly will bepart of your life.A. to flyB. flyC. to be flyingD. flying47. Everything ______ into consideration, they believed themselves more.A. takenB. to takeC. takingD. to be taken48. In that situation, they couldn’t do anything but ______.A. sitting and waitingB. sat and waitedC. sit and waitD. to sit and towait49. He pushed his way through the crowd, ______ “Excuse me.”A. to sayB. saC. saidD. saying50. ______ the fare, I got out of the taxi and dashed into the station.A. To payB. PaidC. Having paidD. Paying时态和语态及非谓语动词专练参考答案：1-5 BDCDA 6-10 BBDCA 11-15 BBDDA 16-20 CDCAB21-25 CBDDA 26-30 DBAAC 31-35 CCDAD 36-40 BBCBA41-45 ADBCC 46-50 DACDC 2018年中学英语教师招聘考试基础知识三介词、代词和数词及情态动词和虚拟语气专练1. _______ being late for the important conference, the secretary was firedfrom her job.A. In reference toB. In exchange forC. In case ofD. On account of2. Sometimes, happiness is like a butterfly which, when pursued, is always_______ our grasp.A. beyondB. overC. underD. against3. Many of the best-educated people have gone to big cities _______ betterjobs.A. in the face ofB. in honor ofC. in search ofD. in terms of4. He insisted on going abroad for further study _______ his parents’disapproval.A. by means ofB. in favor ofC. regardless ofD. for the purpose of5. I’d like to have a car _______ my own one day.A. forB. toC. withD. of6 The news that she had been married _______ Mr. Brown came to me as asurprise.A. toB. withC. ofD. by7. Many children are afraid _______ being blamed _______ making mistakesin speaking English.A. for; ofB. of; forC. of; ofD. for; for8. The direction _______ which the president would go was kept secret_______ safety.A. for; overB. from; aboutC. at; asD. in; for9. When I came into the room, I saw Bill standing _______ Mrs. Black andthe hostess.A. betweenB. amongC. inD. from10. She’s the type of person who just says what’s _______ her mind.A. aboutB. onC. toD. against11. Tom’s carelessness resulted _______ our failure but I think I’m alsoresponsible _______ it.A. in; toB. from; toC. in; forD. from; for12. —Have you seen my notebook?—Oh, Jane must have taken it _______mistake; she has the same one as yours.A. forB. onC. byD. of13. _______ your advice, I would have caught in the traffic and wouldn’thave been there on time.A. But forB. Except forC. Because ofD. As of14. _______ such subjects, the department also taught mathematics.A. As a result ofB. By the side ofC. In need ofD. In addition to15. —I was surprised to see wild flowers in Alaska.—Many people thinkthere is nothing there ____ ice and snow.A. in place ofB. in spite ofC. instead ofD. apart from16. She had to walk home _______ her bike stolen.A. withB. asC. forD. since17. Terry told me that he would come to see me ___ two days, but he cameto my house _______ only a few hours.A. in; inB. in; afterC. for; afterD. after; in18. A large number of world famous paintings are _______ show in thisexhibition.A. onB. ofC. toD. for19. —These boxes are too heavy for me to move.—Don’t worry; I’ll g iveyou a hand _______ them.A. forB. toC. withD. on20. This country has recently had a high level of unemployment — but thesame is true ____ many other countries.A. withB. toC. ofD. for21. In recent years, especially _______ the end of last year, great changeshave taken place in our hometown.A. atB. byC. sinceD. in22. “I want to be _______ myself for a while,” John said.A. ofB. toC. forD. by23. We need a better leader, _______ with a strong will as well as a goodsense of humor.A. oneB. the oneC. heD. who24. The group has been teaching students how to spend money wisely andoffering financial advice to _____ in debt.A. themB. thoseC. onesD. that25. —Do you want the red hat, the blue hat or the yellow one?—_______.I really don’t car e.A. AllB. NoneC. AnythingD. Any26. He _______ at the meeting this morning. He left for Britain yesterday.A. couldn’t have spokenB. mustn’t have spokenC. shouldn’t have spokenD.needn’t have spoken27. It is urgent so you _______ waste any time.A. ne edn’tB. mustn’tC. may notD. won’t28. It has been announced that all the students _______ remain in theirseats until all the papers have been collected.A. shallB. willC. canD. may29. —Could I borrow your dictionary?—Yes, of course you _______.A. mightB. willC. canD. could30. Many people _______ to his home as he keeps a big dog.A. not dare goB. dare not goC. not dare to goD. dare not to go31. He never remembers my telephone number, and always _______ look it up.A. mustB. need toC. shouldD. has to32. If he _______ his legs in the last training, he _______ the comingBeijing Olympic Games.A. hadn’t hurt; would take part inB. hadn’t hurt; would have taken partinC. didn’t hurt; would take part inD. didn’t hurt; would have taken partin33. If only I _______ how to operate a computer as you do!。
(完整)2018初中英语教资考试知识点超详细考点总结,推荐文档
第一部分语言知识与能力第一章英语语言知识2、语音（Speech Sounds）P781、语音分类发音方式发音部位VL - 清浊音（voiceless consonant）VD - 浊辅音（voiced consonant）2、音系学（phonology）P79（1）同化规则（assimilation Rule）progressive assimilation 顺同化（前面带偏后面）workedregressive assimilation 逆同化（后面带偏前面）newspaperreciprocal/double assimilation 互相同化did you（2）音节（syllable）tea chi-na im-pos-si-ble重音（stress）声调（tone）（3）语音变化（vocal variety）liaison 连读pick it upplosion 爆破音plosion loss 失去爆破sit down ；incomplete plosion 不完全爆破ask ednasal plosion 鼻腔爆破button ；lateral plosion 舌边爆破little3、形态学（Morphology）1、morpheme 词素重点！P87（1）free morpheme 自由词素dog ；bound morpheme 黏着词素moonwalk（2）root 词根；affix 词缀（prefix 前缀、suffix 后缀）；stem 词干friend-ships （3）inflectional affix 屈折词缀-s,-ing,-ed 不同形式（4）derivational affix 派生词缀改变词性和意义2、（1）inflection 屈折变化-s,-ing,-ed 不同形式（2）word-formation 词的形成：compounding 复合法through-outderivation 派生法（prefixation 前缀化suffixation 后缀化）il-logical-ly3、常见构词法P89invention 新创词nylon ；blending 混成法smoke+fog=smogclipping 截断法advertisement=ad ；initialism 首字母连写词WTOacronym 首字母拼音词AIDS ；back-formation 逆构词法editor--editanalogical creation 类似构词work--wrought/workedtypes of borrowing 借词法：loanword/borrowing 借词feast（法语中借来）loanblend 混合借词Chinatown （本国加外来）loanshift 转移借词bridge （借用意义）loan translation 翻译借词（从别种语言翻译而来）4、词义变化broadening 词义扩大bird 小鸟--鸟类；narrowing 词义缩小girl 年轻人--女孩meaning shift 词义转移；class shift 词性转换；folk etymology 俗词源（错多了成了对的）四、句法学（Syntax）P911、句法关系syntagmatic relation 组合关系（horizontal relation/chain relation）构成同一形式、序列或结构paradigmatic relation 聚合关系（vertical relation/choice relation）各要素可相互替换relation of co-occurrence 共现关系（不同集合的词语一起组成句子）2、句子结构和成分immediate constituent analysis 直接成分分析法（IC 分析法）The boy ate the apple. 用树形图（tree diagram）一般句子，主谓宾之类的endocentric construction 向心结构一个词或词组可以确定为中心（center）或中心词（head）two stone bridge 一般名词/动词/形容词短语exocentric construction 离心结构没有确定的中心或中心词The boy smiled. 一般动宾/系表结构deep structure 深层结构（含义相同，说法不同）surface structure 表层结构（句子表述方式）5、语义学（Semantics）P931、涵义关系（Sense Relations）lexical relation 词汇关系（1）同义关系（Synonymy）synonyms 同义词stylistic 文体差别(formality) buy--perchase ；dialectal 地域差别underground--subway collocational 搭配差别accuse(of)--charge(with) ；emotive 情感差别thrifty--stingy ；semantic 语义差别enough--ample（2）反义关系（Antonymy）antonyms 反义词relational opposites 意义相反词gradable antonymy 等级反义warm--coolcomplementary antonymy 互补反义boy--girlconverse antonymy 反向反义关系buy--sell（3）上下义关系（Hyponymy）种类和成员包括上坐标词（superordinate）和下义词（hyponymy）flower--rose/tulip（4）一词多义（Polysemy）（5）同音/同形异义现象（Homonymy）homophone 同音异义sun--sonhomograph 同形异义liecomplete homonym 完全同音同形异义bank 岸边；银行2、句子逻辑关系iff--充分必要条件“S is true iff P”P 就是S 的真值条件（truth condition）P（1）synonymy 同义关系“X is synonymous with Y.”同真同假P95（2）contradiction 矛盾关系“X is inconsistent with Y.”一真一假（3）entailment 蕴含关系“X entails Y.”X 小，Y 大X：old man Y：man（4）presupposition 预设关系“X presupposes Y.”Y 是前提X：repair the car Y：have acar6、语用学（Pragmatics）P961、言语行为理论（Speech Act Theory）（1）locutionary act 发话行为（说话人表达字面意思）is the act of saying something which is meaningful an can be understood.（2）illocutionary act 行事行为（说话人表达意图）is the act in saying something to perform a function.（3）perlocutionary act 取效行为（作用于听话人的效果）is the results or effects that are produced by means of saying something.言外之意（illocutionary point）：representatives 阐述类；directives 指令类；commissives 承诺类；expressives 表达类；declarations 宣告类2、会话含义理论（Conversational Principle/Maxim）violate 违反P97cooperative principle,CP 合作原则（会话有共同目标）“Make your conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged.”（1）the maxim of quantity 数量准则（信息充分）（2）the maxim of quality 质量准则（说实话）（3）the maxim of relation 相关准则（说相关的事）（4）the maxim of manner 方式准则（清楚简洁避免歧义）conversational implicature 会话含义（用会话准则暗示意义）（1）calculability 可推导性（含义能理解）（2）cancellability 可取消性（defeasibility）（因素变化，含义变化）（3）non-detachability 不可分离性（含义依附于内容）（4）non-conventionality 非规约性（含义不确定）7、修辞学（Rhetoric）问法：rhetoric/rhetorical device 修辞策略P981、simile 明喻like,as...as,as if,as though,similar to,such as2、metaphor 隐喻（暗含比较）elephant pause3、personification 拟人（把事物或概念当做人）4、metonymy 借代（用事物的名称代替亲密相关的另一事物）5、synecdoche 提喻（部分代替整体或整体代替部分）hand/mouth--man6、euphemism 婉言die--pass away7、irony 反语（意思相反）8、allegory 讽喻9、exaggeration 夸张（夸大或缩小使表达生动有趣）10、transferred epithet 移位修辞nervous exam11、oxymoron 矛盾修辞bitter-sweet memory12、pun 双关语（homophonic puns 谐音双关；homographic puns 语义双关）8、语言教学P1001、中介语（interlanguage）2、对比分析（contrastive analysis）3、错误分析（error analysis）（1）error 错误（因为知识不足）mistake 失误（不注意犯错）（2）interlingual errors 语际错误（迁移错误）因为母语Cnglishintralingual errors 语内错误（发展性错误）因为过度概括语言规则eat-eated(错)4、错误性质：omissions 省略（少成分）；additions 添加（多成分）；misformations 形式错误（eated）；double markings 双重标记（didn’t went）；misorderings 顺序错误（how you are）5、我国外语学习者错误类型（1）negative transfer 负迁移/干扰因为母语（2）over-generalization 过度类推/过度概括因为过度概括语言规则（3）pragmatic failure 语用错误违反对方的文化习俗6、第二外语习得理论（Second Language Acquisition,SLA）（1）Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis 语言习得和学得假说（习得和学得两条不同的途径）（2）Monitor Hypothesis 语言监察假说（学习者自己监督控制语言输出质量）（3）Input Hypothesis 语言输入假说（接触理解可理解性语言输入comprehensibleinput）（4）Affective Filter Hypothesis 情感过滤假说（输入input 和吸收intake 受到动力motivation、性格personality、情感状态affective state）（5）Natural Order Hypothesis 自然顺序假说（可以不按任何语法顺序来教学）第2 章英语语言运用能力1、教学中的非语言交际1、非语言手段P118environment language 环境语（座位安排、时间信息、室内标示装饰、声音灯光等）object language 客体语（个人，衣着化妆、个人用品等）2、非语言行为body language 体态语（身姿、手势、表情、目光）paralanguage 副语言（声音音质、音量、语调、语速）第3 章英语国家的语言、历史和文学三、语言、文化和社会1、局部结构P131毗邻对（adjacency pairs）一轮对话（1）毗邻对的条件相关性（conditional relevance）preferred second part/preference structure 优选结构Hidispreferred second part/dispreference structure 非优选结构relevant absence 相关缺失（2）毗邻对的扩展base pairs 根毗邻对（被其他会话扩展之前的毗邻对）前扩展，指前序列（pre-sequences），包括邀请、请求、结束、宣告中扩展，包括插入序列（insertion sequences）和旁侧序列（side sequences）后扩展，指后序列（post sequences），包括会话修正和主体化2、会话修正会话修正机制三个部分：修正源（trouble source）、修正的发起（repair initiation）、修正（repair）lexical 词汇启动（no,sorry,let me see,you know）non-lexical 非词汇启动（um..,uh..）4、语言与文字1、小说语言P134（1）小说与视角first-person narrator 第一人称叙述者（I）third-person narrator 第三人称叙述者（he,she,it,they）（2）语言表达与思想表达direct speech 直接言语（“F**k you”）indirect speech 间接言语（he said/asked）free indirect speech 自由间接言语第二部分语言教学知识与能力第1 章初中英语课程标准1、初中英语课程基础知识1、英语课程的性质P149The nature of English Curriculum is instrumentality/tool and humanity.（工具性和人文性）Students’ overall development is the motivation and goal of the English curriculum.2、英语课程的设计思路The design of the new National English Curriculum unifies both primary and secondary school English into one continuum of development and divides English language teaching and learning into nine competence-based levels by adopting the international general classification method. Level 5 is the required standard for the end of junior middle school. Level 2--primary school2、英语课程的分级标准P1541、语言技能（Language Skills）Overall performance objectives for each level are given in addition to detailed descriptions of abilities regarding language knowledge, language skills, affect, learning strategies as well as cultural awareness for relevant levels.2、语言知识（Language Knowledge）（语音、词汇、语法、功能和话题）Students are required to learn consists of phonetics, vocabulary, grammar, function and theme.3、情感态度（Affect）（兴趣、动机、自信、意志和合作精神；祖国意识和国际视野）interest, motivation, confidence, will and cooperation; National consciousness and international vision.4、学习策略（Learning Strategies）（认知、调控、交际、资源）Learning strategies can be classified into four groups: cognitive strategy, regulative strategy, communicative strategy and resourcing strategy.5、文化意识（Cultural Awareness/Understanding）（历史地理、风土人情、传统习俗、生活方式、行为规范、文学艺术、价值观念）Historical geography, local customs, traditional customs, lifestyle, norms of behavior, literature and art, values.3、英语课程的实施建议P1611、教学建议（1）面向全体学生，为每个学生学习英语奠定基础（2）注意语言实践，培养学生的语言运用能力（3）加强学习策略指导，培养学生自主学习能力（4）培养学生的跨文化交际意识，发展跨文化交际能力（5）结合实际教学需要，创造性地使用教材（6）合理利用各种教学资源，提高学生的学习效率（7）组织生动活泼的课外活动，拓展学生的学习渠道（8）不断提高专业水平，努力适应课程要求第2 章初中英语教学基本理论1、语言观（Views of Language）P1731、语言的概念Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.2、语言的本质特征/设计特性（design features）（1）arbitrariness 任意性（体现了convention 规约性）（2）duality 二重性（basic level, higher level 基层和高层）（3）creativity 创造性/productivity 能产性（4）displacement 移位性（赋予generalizations, abstractions 概括和抽象）（5）cultural transmission 文化传习性3、语言的功能（Functions of Language）（1）informative function 信息功能（2）interpersonal function 人际功能（3）performative function 施为功能（4）emotive function 情绪功能（5）phatic function 寒暄功能（6）recreational function 娱乐功能（7）metalingual function 元语言功能4、语言学角度的语言观（1）The Structural View of Language 结构语言观the structural view sees language as a linguistic system made up of various subsystems: phonology, morphology, lexicology and syntax.（2）The Function View of Language 功能语言观the function view sees language not only as a linguistic system but also as a means for doing things.（3）The Interactional View of Language 交互语言观（interaction, dynamics 交互性和动态）the interactional view of language considers language as a communicative tool, whose main use is to build up and maintain social relations between people.2、语言学习观（Views of Language Learning）P1761、语言学习理论（1）Behaviorist Learning Theory 行为主义学习理论Behaviorism is an approach to psychology that arouses out of the ideas that attempted to explain all learning in terms of some form of conditioning (stimulus, response, and reinforcement) （2）Cognitive Learning Theory 认知主义学习理论Cognitive theory thinks that “language is a intricate rule-based system and with a knowledgeof the finite rules (language co mpetence), infinite sentences can be produced”.（3）Constructivist Learning Theory 构建主义学习理论The constructivist theory believes that learning is a process in which the learner constructs meaning based on his own experiences and what he already knows.最近发展区理论Zone of Proximal Development三、语言教学观（Views of Language Teaching）P1781、语言教学理论（结构主义教学理论、认知主义教学理论、社会语言学理论）4、外语教学法的主要流派1、grammar-translation method 语法翻译法2、audio-lingual method 听说法（pattern drill 句型操练、contrastive analysis 对比分析法）3、total physical response 全身反应教学法P1814、cognitive approach 认知教学法（提高accuracy, appropriateness 得体性）5、communicate approach 交际法（包含function,notion 功能和意念）P183（1）交际能力（communicative competence）grammatical competence 语法能力、sociolinguistic 社会语言能力、discourse 语篇能力、strategic 策略能力、linguistic 语言能力、pragmatic 语用能力、fluency 流利性（2）3P 教学模式：presentation--practice--production6、task-based approach 任务型教学P184（1）real-world tasks /target tasks 目标任务；pedagogical tasks 教学任务（2）任务的四个构成元素：objective、context、process、outcome（3）information gap 信息差/信息沟activities must have clear and attainable objectives./should be confined to the classroom context./should help develop students’ language ability.（4）constructivism learning theory 建构主义学习理论（强调scene, writing, conversation, and meaning construction 情景、写作、会话和意义建构）（5）任务型教学的三个环节：pre-task 前任务、task-cycle 任务环（task、planning、report）、language focus 语言聚焦（analysis、practice）第3 章初中英语语言知识教学1、语音教学P1921、语音教学的内容The realistic goal of teaching pronunciation should be①consistency: the pronunciation should be smooth and natural.②intelligibility: the pronunciation should be understandable to the listeners.③communicative efficiency: the pronunciation should help convey the meaning that is intended by the speaker.2、Pronunciation knowledge teaching 发音知识教学（monophonic, alphabet, phonetic symbols 单音、字母、音标）3、Flow of language teaching 语流教学（sounds, stress, rhythm, and intonation 重音、节奏、语调）4、The principle of phonetic teaching 语音教学的原则（accuracy, long-term, integrity, communication, pertinence, interest 准确性、长期性、整体性、交际性、针对性、趣味性原则）5、The teaching method of phonetics 语音的教学方法P195（1）Sound perception 听音感知练习方法：using minimal pairs 最小对立体(live--leave)、which order 排序、same or different 辨别异同、odd one out 同中选异、completion 填空（2）Imitation and explanation 模仿讲解personally demonstration、imitate、practice 亲自示范，反复模仿、练习（3）Pronunciation practice 发音练习练习方法：listen and repeat 听音模仿、fill in the blanks 填空、using pictures 借助图片、using meaningful context 借助情景make up sentences 造句、using togue twisters 运用绕口令（4）语流教学（见上）慢动作（slow motion speaking）二、词汇教学P197 language teaching theories 理论构成：receptive/passive vocabulary 接受性/消极词汇和productive/产出性/积极词汇1、Learning content 教学内容（1）word meaning 词汇的意义include learning form,meaning and use.Knowing a word means: knowing its pronunciation and stress/ its spelling and grammatical properties/ its meaning/ how and when to use it to express the intended meaning.词汇意义包括conceptual meaning 、associated meaning 概念意义和关联意义概念意义：词典中意思，即literal meaning/ denotation 字面意思/词汇的外延、关联意义：文化含义与语境意义，又称connotation 词汇的内涵( learn in the context )（2）word use 词汇的用法包括：collocation/ phrases/ idiom/ style/ register 搭配、词组、习语、风格、语域（3）word information 词汇信息包括：part of speech/ prefixes/ suffixes/ spelling/ pronunciation/ grammar features 词类、前缀、后缀、拼写、发音、语法特征（4）word memory strategies 词汇记忆策略avoid rote-learning 避免死记硬背word-building 构词法猜测词义2、Learning principle 教学原则（1）音形义结合pronounce、spelling、meaning（2）词块整体教学lexical chunks ( knowledge of collocation 搭配)（3）具体语境中教learn in the context（4）循序渐进step by step（5）反复练习巩固记忆review（6）培养自学词汇能力deduce the meaning of words 猜测词义3、Teaching method 教学方法P200（1）呈现词汇:visual/physical demonstration 直观呈现Word-building 构词法、synonym/antonym(opposites)同义反义词、翻译、举例、问答verbal context/ situation 结合语境/创设情境运用词汇学习策略，如chunks/ reasoning/ analog/ using dictionary 归类/推理/类比/查字典（2）巩固词汇：labelling/ spot the difference/ describe the draw/ play a game/ word bingo/word association 贴标签/找茬/描述绘画/玩游戏（宾果）/词汇联想三、语法教学P2011、Content 教学内容grammar 语法具有Three dimensions 三维性：form, meaning and usage 形式、意义和用法semantic 语义包括grammatical form/the grammatical meaning of the structure/contents of meaning 语法形式、结构的语法意义和内容意义task 教学任务：语法rules 规则的cognition/ drill/ application 认知/操练/应用、the generation of grammar consciousness 语法意识的生成2、Principle 教学原则（交际性/实践性、集中分散相结合、趣味性/通俗性）grammar teaching should be:(1)collocational:the grammar should be built on collocational relations between individual lexical items and their subcategories.(2)Constructive:one's knowledge of grammar is built bit by bit,which closely model the way language is learned and used.(3)Contextual:syntactic and lexical choices are explicitly related to pragmatic ones,and to social and cultural contexts.(4)Contrastive:grammar involves drawing the learner's attention to contrast the differences between the target language and other languages,and between sets of similar features and items of the target language.3、Method 教学方法P202（1）deductive method 演绎法（讲解规则，结合实例分析用法，句型练习）features: It saves time/pays more attention to form/teaches grammar in a decontextualized situation 脱离上下文（2）inductive method 归纳法（学生自行归纳语法规则）start with examples and guides ss to work out the rules（3）guided discovery method 引导发现法（学生归纳总结语法规则，老师强化其形式意义）四、语篇教学P2041、概念和结构（1）Conception 概念discourse pattern 语篇可以是dialogue、monologue 对话、独白，包括written/spoken language 书面语、口语，form 形式上是cohesion 衔接的，semantic 语义上是coherence 连贯的（2）Tactic pattern 结构模式语段/句群、句际关系（并列、顺序、层递、转折）（3）Cohesive device 衔接手段logical connectors 逻辑纽带（firstly, thus, on the other hand, if not）grammatical connectors 语法纽带（时态什么的）Lexical connectors 词汇纽带（repetition 重复、synonym/antonym(opposites)同义/反义词）Develop ss’ skill of recognizing discourse patterns 训练方式：checking the logic of the author’s arguments.getting the scrambled sentences into a paragraph.(focus on textual coherence)marking out common openers to stories and jokes.2、教学内涵Aims at developin g ss’ discourse awareness.(teacher asks ss to concentrate on such features as structure, coherence and cohesion of a text)3、教学方法P207overall effectiveness 整体性效能（用knowledge transfer 知识迁移实现，重在cultivate application ability 应用能力培养）、overall grasp of the discourse 语篇的整体把握Teaching language at the discourse level :utterance function / expected response/ congratulation/ apology/ acceptance/ inform.第4 章初中英语语言技能教学P2121、听力教学1、影响听力的主要因素（1）objective factor 客观因素：types of language used 语言特征（语速/tone 音调/pause 停顿/liaison 连读）、task or purpose in listening 听力任务、context in which the listening occurs 文化背景知识（2）subjective factor 主观因素：psychological 心理因素、knowledge skills 知识技能因素、methods and tactics 方法与策略因素2、听力教学的要领（1）合理选择听力material 材料（authenticity 真实性、intelligibility 可理解性、diversity/variety 多样性）（2）建立专门的听力training system 训练体系（3）优化心理氛围，降低焦虑感（arouse interest 调动兴趣、放松）（4）重视听的过程中的skill training 技巧训练prediction 预测、guess 猜测、coherent memory 连贯记忆（note-taking）、identifyingthe discourse markers 辨认语段标记（5）科学设计听力练习3、听力训练的type 类型P216（1）Focus listening 精听（tonal discrimination 辨音、gap filling 填空、dictation 听写）听写形式：dictogloss 听释、fast-speech dictation 快速听写、pause and paraphrase 听写大意、listening cloze 完形听写、error identification 纠错听写、jigsaw identification 线索听写（2）Gist listening 泛听( decide on the best title )（3）Free listening 随意听4、听力教学model 模式（1）Bottom-up model“自下而上”（强调language knowledge 语言知识）（2）Top-down model“自上而下”（侧重background information 背景知识）5、听力教学的过程P218（1）Pre-listening tasks 听前环节（brainstorming/discuss a relevant picture/writing question about the topic/associating vocabularies with the topic）（2）While-listening tasks 听中环节（辨音、获取主要信息、预测、猜词悟义）（3）Post-listening tasks 听后环节（writing a similar text 作文、discussion 讨论）2、口语教学P2191、Spoken language 口语的特点（fragmentation 结构不完整性、involvement 人和场合紧密依存性）（1）语法特征:There are four common features of spoken language:Using less complex syntax.语法Taking short cuts,e.g.incomplete sentences.(and, or,but)Using fixed conventional phrases/chunks.俗语(fashionable word, two-part allegorical saying,colloquialism,slang,phrasal verbs 歇后语/口语词/俚语/短语动词)Using devices such as fillers,hesitation device to give time to think before speaking.结构特征：往往借助filler 补白词（you know, let me see, um）形象特征：说话人的表情、语气及态度等body language 身体语言；音质/声调/重音/停顿（2）口语的交际特点“说”受语言rule 规则支配/时间factor 因素制约/对方response 反应影响2、口语教学的要领（1）在听的基础上培养说的能力（使输入的信息量大于输出的信息量）（2）组织多样化的口语活动形式口语活动类型：pre-communicative activities 前交际活动（操练/模仿/重复）和communicative activities 交际活动（信息差活动/解决问题活动/讨论/辩论/采访/游戏）（3）正确处理准确与流利的关系Accuracy( identify particular phonemes on tape )Fluency( shouldn’t interrupt )（4）创造浓厚外语氛围，鼓励学生敢说乐说The characteristics of a successful speaking task:maximum foreign talk/even participation/high motivation/right language level（5）合理选择口语组织形式，增加学生开口的机会（小组形式/单双人活动）3、口语训练的方法imitativeness 模仿性、monologue 独白性、performing 表演性的口语表达3、阅读教学P2231、外语阅读的type/form 类型（1）根据阅读方式和技巧的不同划分Adaptive reading 适应性阅读recognition--read--silent-reading 认读--朗读--默读Learning reading 学习型阅读plain substance 主旨浅显information 信息量大，强调阅读速度comprehension 理解性阅读real material 材料真实、wide theme 题材广泛、various types 体裁多样，higher difficulty 难度较高（2）根据阅读方式和技巧的不同划分Skinning 面式读法/略读（掌握全文大意或中心思想；报刊、新书）quickly get the gistScanning 点式读法/寻读/跳读（查找具体信息；时间、人名、地点、数字）specific informationIntensive reading 线式读法/精读（详细地阅读，深入分析、理解和记忆）read in detailExtensive reading 纵式读法/泛读（广泛地阅读，阅读速度、快速理解能力、拓宽视野）facilitate process of accumulating vocabulary / increasing target language expose/ broadening scope of vision（3）根据阅读理解的层次划分Literal comprehension 字面理解（依靠语言知识/能力辨认词义和语法结构）language knowledge/competence identify meaning and grammatical structureInferential/interpretive comprehension 推断性理解（经历、直觉、逻辑判断理解未明示信息）experience/ intuition/ logic judge and understand unexpressed informationEvaluative comprehension 评价性理解/应用性理解（理解文章信息的价值）valueAppreciative comprehension 欣赏性理解（情感熏陶和思想启迪）Emotional influence and thought enlightenment2、阅读教学的要领P226（1）合理选择阅读材料Language difficulties 难度（难于略高于学习者现有水平）higher than present levelInterest 趣味性（充满可读性，激发求知欲和好奇心）readability、thirst for knowledge and curiosityAuthenticity 真实性（英语本族语者撰写）written by native English speakersComprehensiveness 宽泛性（内容反映历史、人物、风土人情、文化习俗以及时尚流行，体裁和题材丰富多样）content various type or forms of literature and theme（2）建立分析性（精读）与综合性（泛读）相结合的阅读教学体系分析性阅读与综合性阅读教学的分工改进现行分析性阅读教学模式，落实阅读训练综合性阅读教学应正规化、课程化（3）重视阅读three elements 三要素的培养vocabulary 词汇、comprehend 理解（topic sentence 主题句）、speed 速度（4）重视阅读过程中的技巧训练prediction 预测、reading for specific 抓中心思想、reading for specific information 获取特殊信息、inferring 推理（reading between the lines）、identifying the discourse types 确认语篇3、阅读教学的approach 模式P229（1）The top-down model 自上而下模式为主（pre-reading activities 读前环节活动的开展）（2）The bottom-up model 自下而上模式为辅（小到大的语言文字单位，重视词汇教学）teaching a text by introducing new vocabularies or structuresfollow the sequence of teaching new words, sentences and then the whole passage（3）The interactive-compensatory approach 交互补偿模式4、阅读教学的过程（1）Pre-reading tasks 读前环节（背景知识、写作风格、西方风俗）predicting what a passage is about/ creating a word web related to a topic/ sharing what is already known about a topic（2）While-reading tasks 读中环节（保障充足阅读时间、阅读技能训练）（3）Post-reading tasks 读后环节（思维和实践活动）4、写作教学P2311、写的教学要领（1）Motivate writing motivation 激发写作动机communicative purpose; audience awareness 交际目的读者意识（2）指导写作技巧：写的单项训练（结合语音教学）语篇写作技巧（design skills 构思技巧；过程构思、文本构思；model essay 范文是有力工具）skill of planning: finding ideas and put them in order（3）根据不同文体风格指导相应的写作策略Formal writing 正式文体（第三人称）typical feature: the precision of language is a priority 语言精确优先well-organized structure 有序的结构wide range of vocabulary and s tructural patterns 有结构的模式technical terms and definitions 专用名词和定义Informal writing 非正式文体（一、二人称）typical feature: short and incomplete sentences are common 多为短句、简单句（4）分阶段设计教学活动，训练写作技能Controlled writing 控制性写作（gap filling/ transcribe/ sentence pattern transformation 填空/抄写/句型转换）Guided writing 指导性写作（completion/ reproduction/ compression/ transformation 续写/复写/缩写/转写）Free writing 自由写作（5）写、correct/ amend 改、evaluate 评相结合2、写作教学的模式（1）Product-oriented approach 注重结果（给题目--写--改，注重语篇整体）（2）Content-oriented approach 注重内容（收集材料--组织文章--修改，写前准备）（3）Process-oriented approach 注重过程（准备--写作--修改--再改，写作能力）what/how to write peer-editing3、写作教学的process 过程（1）Pre-writing tasks 写前环节的任务和活动（gather and organize ideas 激发写作动机）The main procedures of process writing include creating a motivation to write, brainstorming, mapping,freewriting,outlining,drafting,editing,revising,proofreading and conferencing.（2）While-writing tasks 写中环节的任务和活动（organize written 组织成文）drafting, peer-editing, revising（3）Post-writing tasks 写后环节的任务和活动（comments and feedback 点评和反馈）conferencing第三部分教学设计第1 章教学设计skill 技能1、教学设计概述P2411、概念：传统的instructional design 教学设计即lesson planning 备课考虑“如何学”最核心的部分是lesson plan 教案It’s a teaching guide/ It takes into account syllabus 教学大纲and ss./It describes in advance 提前what about how to teach.2、教学设计principle 原则aims 目标性原则variety 多样性原则flexibility 灵活性原则learnability 可学性原则linkage 衔接性选择feasibility 可行性原则3、教学设计的basic requirements 基本要求A language lesson plan usually has the following components:background information, teaching aims, language contents and skills, stages and procedures, teaching aids, assignments, and teacher's after-lesson reflection.4、教学设计新concept 理念（1）学生参与课堂设计的自主性（2）教学设计贯穿课堂教学的全过程（3）教学设计的确定性与不确定性相统一5、教学设计的pattern 模式Analysis----design----evaluation 分析----设计---评价分析：学习需求（学习objectives 目标分析是关键）、学习者、学习content 内容设计：教学strategy 策略、教学course 过程（task appearance-- preparation--accomplishment--consolidation 任务呈现--任务准备--任务完成--语言巩固）、教学technique 技术评价：教学target 目标是否达成是评价教学设计有效性的关键反馈修正（feedback correction）：教学评价能够提供大量的教学反馈信息6、英语教学设计的concrete form 具体形式（1）表格式table form 分别陈述学生/教师活动，说明活动目的/意图，突出教学design 设计的理念（2）流程图式flow chart form 展示教学process 过程（format 格式不同）（3）叙述式narrative form2、学情分析P2481、学习者分析（1）认知特征（2）学习风格authority-oriented learners 崇尚权威型；analytical learners 分析型；concrete learners 具体型；communicative learners 交际型（3）学习方式accepted 接受性；experience 体验性；independent 自主性；Cooperation 合作性；exploration 探究性2、学习需求分析（1）learning needs 的内涵学习目前状态与期望状态之间的差距（2）学习需求分析的内容和方法data collection 数据采集；analyze 分析3、教学内容分析P2511、教学内容的选择把握fundamentality 基础性（vocabulary/ syntactic structure/ language competence/ learning strategy/ cultural knowledge 词汇/句法结构/语言能力/学习策略/文化知识）adaptation 适应性（age/ cognitive characteristic 年龄/认知特点）high frequency 高频性（frequently used 经常使用的）enjoyment 趣味性（激发学习兴趣，保证学习effectiveness 有效性）2、正确理解textbook 教材（1）分析教材textbook evaluation provides authentic language/ matches the needs oflearners/ can help realize the objectives of a language program（2）处理教材的方法（LARA 法：leave-adapt-replace-add）（3）教材的使用：活化教材、挖掘资源、选准话题（探究性、开放性、生成性）When a teacher using an ELT course book, he should:select appropriate supporting materials and resources.interpret curriculum goals and its expectations for the course.plan lessons in relation to specific goals, topics, texts, and tasks.3、Auxiliary teaching materials 辅助教学材料的screening 筛选（1）教学材料筛选的原则：启发式、因材施教、动态生成、适时适度（2）教学材料筛选的策略：遵循理念、吃透教材、研究学生（3）辅助教学材料的分类：知识类、技能类、课外活动类、教学辅助类、自主学习类4、教学目标P2551、教学目标的陈述内容三个维度：knowledge objective/ ability objective/ emotion objective知识与技能、过程与方法、情感态度与价值观2、教学目标的陈述要素以行为目标来陈述教学目标，包括四个要素：ABCD 模式A-audience 主体或听众（程度副词/百分比/范围副词）+主语（ss/learners）B-behavior 行为listen,sing,imitate,recite,depict,recognize,apply,understand,know,master,enjoy C-conditions 条件after this class, under the guidance of the teacher, after attending a lecture,with the help of substances, through imitation/repeatD-degree 程度/标准clearly, fluently, correctly, efficiently, basically, preliminarily, smoothly, appropriately3、教学目标的陈述方式按照层级划分有三种goals,aims,objectives（course goals, teaching aims）（1）结果性目标（知识与技能）。
2018年最新教师资格证综合素质笔记整理(重点)辅导班内部资料,严禁外传
2017年-2018年最新仁爱英语八年级上册知识点汇总Unit1 topic1P11 . play basketball 打篮球2 . cheer sb on 为某人加油3.have a basketball game举行一场篮球比赛4. summer holiday=summer vacation 暑假5.the school rowing team 学校划船队6.①see sb. do sth.看见某人做了某事②see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事7.Do you row much?=Do you often row?你经常划船吗？8.quite a lot=quite a bit.许多；大量9.一般将来时态：be going to do 与will 区别①be going to 用于主观判断，及说话人主观上计划或安排将要去做的事情。
②will 则多用于客观的情况，即客观上将要发生的事情。
例：I’m not going to ask her. 我不打算去问她。
It will be rainy tomorrow.明天会下雨。
P31. play for 为……效力2. grow up 长大成人；成长3. 在复合句中，当主句为将来时或表将来意义时,时间状语从句必须用一般现在时表将来例：I’ll write to her when I have time.Turn off the lights before you leave.P51.go cycling 去骑自行车2.go mountain climbing 去爬山3.be good at 擅长于某事=do well in4.next weekend 下周末5.the long jump 跳远6.the high jump 跳高7.take part in 参加8.①spend …… (in) doing sth 花费(时间、金钱)做某事②spend ……on sth 在某事/某物上花费时间或金钱例：①He spends half an hour (in) playing computer games every day.②My father spent fifty yuan on this book.9.a school sports meet 学校运动会10.①be good for 对……有益②be bad for 对……有害11.①all over the world 全世界②around the world 全世界③throughout the world 全世界12.make him strong 使他身体强壮make+sb./sth.+adj.使某人/某物怎么样13.keep her heart and lungs healthy保持她心肺健康keep+sb./sth.+adj. 使某人/某物一直处于某种状态14.①a way to do sth.“……的方法”②a way of doing sth. “……的方法”例：a good way to keep fit 保持健康的一种好方法15.keep healthy 保持健康keep fit 保持健康16.There be 句型的一般将来时结构:①There will be……②There is/are going to be……There is going to be a school sports meet next weekend.17.the day after tomorrow 后天P71.①play with 和……一起玩②play against 与……进行（对抗性质的）比赛2.①arrive in+大地点“到达……”arrive at+小地点“到达……”②get to+地点“到达……”③reach+地点“到达……”4. It’s too bad that+句子=It’s a pity that+句子“很遗憾……”2例：It’s too bad that I can’t help you.=It’s a pity that I can’t help you.5. 现在进行时表将来的用法:英语中表示位置转移的词，如go, come, leave, arrive, fly 可用现在进行时表将来They are flying to New York tomorrow.I’m coming to see you this afternoon.6. leave for 动身去某地；启程去某地leave from 离开某地Unit1 topic2P91. have a soccer game 举行一场足球比赛2. fall ill 生病；患病(强调患病的过程)be ill 生病了(强调患病的状态)3. be glad to do sth.乐意做某事4. ①Do/Would you mind doing sth.?你介意做某事吗？②Would you mind not doing sth.?你介意不要做某事吗？例：①Do/Would you mind giving me a hand? 肯定回答：Not at all./Of course not./Certainly not.否定回答：I’m sorry, I’m afraid I can’t.②Would you mind not putting your bike here?Sorry./I’m sorry about that.5. pass sb. sth.=pass sth.to sb.把某物传给某人kick sb.sth.=kick sth.to sb.把某物踢给某人give sb.sth.=give sth.to sb.把某物给某人show sb.sth.=show sth.to sb.给某人看某物6.have a try 试一试7.somewhere else 别的地方8.give sb. a hand 帮某人一个忙P111. shout at sb.对某人大声说2. do one’s best to do sth.尽力干某事=try one’s best to do sth.3. be angry with sb.生某人的气4. I’m sorry for what I said.我为我说过的话感到抱歉。
教师资格考试_初中_英语_真题及答案_2018_2018年_背题模式
***************************************************************************************试题说明本套试题共包括4套试卷每题均显示答案和解析教师资格考试_初中_英语_真题及答案_上半年_2018(33题)教师资格考试_初中_英语_真题及答案_上半年_2019(33题)教师资格考试_初中_英语_真题及答案_下半年_2017(33题)教师资格考试_初中_英语_真题及答案_下半年_2018(33题)***************************************************************************************教师资格考试_初中_英语_真题及答案_上半年_20181.[单选题]1.#The#similarity#between#the#English#consonants#/p/,#/b/,#and#/m/#is#that#they#are#all #############.#A)#fricativeB)#plosiveC)#labial-dentalD)#bilabial答案:D解析:2.[单选题]A)AB)BC)CD)D答案:B解析:3.[单选题]A)AD)D答案:A解析:4.[单选题]A)AB)BC)CD)D答案:C解析:5.[单选题]A)AB)BC)CD)D答案:A解析:A)AB)BC)CD)D答案:D解析:7.[单选题]A)AB)BC)CD)D答案:A解析:8.[单选题]A)AB)BC)CD)D答案:C解析:A)AB)BC)CD)D答案:A解析:10.[单选题]A)AB)BC)CD)D答案:B解析:11.[单选题]A)AB)BC)CD解析:12.[单选题]A)AB)BC)CD)D答案:B解析:13.[单选题]A)AB)BC)CD)D答案:B解析:14.[单选题]D)D答案:A解析:15.[单选题]A)AB)BC)CD)D答案:D解析:16.[单选题]A)AB)BC)CD)D17.[单选题]A)AB)BC)CD)D答案:A解析:18.[单选题]A)AB)BC)CD)D答案:D解析:19.[单选题]A)AB)BC)CD)D解析:20.[单选题]A)AB)BC)CD)D答案:A解析:21.[单选题]A)AB)BC)CD)D答案:C解析:22.[单选题]C)CD)D答案:A解析:23.[单选题]A)AB)BC)CD)D答案:C解析:24.[单选题]B)BC)CD)D答案:B解析:25.[单选题]A)AB)BC)CD)D答案:C解析:26.[单选题]A)AB)BC)CD)D答案:A解析:27.[单选题]A)AB)BC)CD)D答案:B解析:28.[单选题]A)AB)BC)CD)D答案:C解析:29.[单选题]A)AB)BC)CD)D答案:B解析:30.[单选题]A)AB)BC)CD)D答案:C解析:31.[问答题]根据题目要求完成下列任务，用中文作答。
2018初中英语教师资格证笔试复习资料
第一部分语言知识与能力1．掌握英语语言的基础知识，了解语言研究中与英语教学相关的基本概念和知识，并能在课堂教学中加以运用。
2．具有良好的英语语言运用能力，包括用英语进行书面表达、获取教学资源和信息、表达思想情感和与学生良好沟通的能力；能够筛选并改编适合初中学生英语水平的语言材料。
3．能够在语篇中理解英语国家的语言、历史和文学等相关的社会文化知识。
第一章英语语言基础知识1.根据发音时是否受到发音器官的阻碍及阻碍程度，将26个英文字母分为三类：元音字母，半元音字母和辅音字母。
元音字母有5个：a,e,i,o,u。
半元音字母有：w,y。
2.音素(phoneme)是音的最小单位，有区分语言意义的作用。
英语中有48个音素，分为元音音素和辅音音素两大类。
其中元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。
3.音标是记录音素的符号，是音素的标写符号。
一个音素只用一个音标表示，而一个音标并不知表示一个音素。
标音法：用音标标记语音的方法。
宽式标音法和严式标音法两种。
宽式标音法是用一个符号来表示一个语音的标音方式。
严式标音法是一种使用变音符号的标音方式，旨在记录同一个音在不同的语音环境下所发生的细微的变化。
国际音标，K.K音标，D.J音标。
4.音节的类型：单音节，双音节，三音节，多音节，成音节。
重读音节的四大类型：开音节，闭音节，-r音节，-re音节。
5音节的划分：（1）一个音节至少有一个元音字母（2）当两个元音字母中间只有一个辅音字母时，而且左边的元音又是按重读开音节规则发音，这个辅音字母通常划入右边的音节。
（3）两个元音之间只有一个辅音字母或辅音字母组合，左边的元音按重读闭音节规则发音，那么这个辅音字母或辅音字母组合通常划入左边的音节。
（4）如果两个元音字母中间有两个辅音字母，通常这两个辅音字母分别划入左右两个音节。
（5）如果两个元音字母中间有两个辅音字母，第一个是r，这两个辅音字母分别划入左右两个音节。
（6）如果两个元音或元音和半元音字母组合发的是一个元音或双元音，划分音节时，不能将其从中分开，要划在一起。
2018年上半年教师资格证考试英语学科知识与教学能力真题(初级中学)
2018年上半年教师资格证考试英语学科知识与教学能力真题（初级中学）(总分：150.00，做题时间：120分钟)一、单项选择题本大题共 30 小题，每小题 2 分，共 60 分。
在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，错选、多选或未选均无分。
(总题数：22，分数：60.00)1.The similarity between the English consonants /p/, /b/, and /m/ is that they are allA.fricativeB.plosivebial-dentalD.bilabial √解析：本题考查辅音的分类。
根据辅音的分类，按照发音部位，/p/，/b/，/m/ 都属于双唇音（bilabial）；按照发音方式，/p/，/b/是爆破音（plosive），/m/是鼻音（nasal）。
故本题选 D。
2.Which of the following is a back vowel in English?A./ə:/B./ɔ:/ √C./ʌ/D./e/解析：本题考查元音的分类。
根据元音的分类，可知/ə:/属于中元音，/ɔ:/属于后元音，/e/属于前元音。
但/ʌ/比较特殊，发此音时舌头的最高位置偏中后，所以有的分类系统会把它归为中元音，也有的把它归为后元音，考生在做此类题时要根据选择项的情况灵活处理。
3.There is only one playground slide in this school, so the students have to take( ) to use it.A.turns √B.the turnsC.a turnD.the turn解析：本题考查习惯搭配。
句意为“因为学校只有一个滑梯，所以学生们不得不轮流使用”。
take turns to do sth.为习惯搭配，意为“轮流去做某事”。
故本题选 A。
4.Out of everyone’s expectation, Johnson suddenly returned ( ) a rainy night.A.atB.inC.on √D.during解析：本题考查介词用法。
教师资格认定考试初级中学英语真题2018年下半年
教师资格认定考试初级中学英语真题2018年下半年一、单项选择题在每小题列出的四个备选项中选择一个最佳答案。
1. Which of the following underlined parts is di（江南博哥）fferent from others in pronunciation? ______A.wishedB.jumpedC.kissedD.waited正确答案：D[考点] 本题考查语音知识。
[解析] 规则动词词尾加-ed有三种读音：①在清辅音后读作/t/；②在浊辅音和元音后读作/d/；③在t/d后读作。
wished，jumped，kissed三个单词画线部分的发音均为/t/，waited画线部分的发音为。
故本题选D。
2. Which of the following shows the general intonation pattern in a complex sentence? ______A.When I started my ↗ career there was no ↗ unemployment.B.When I started my ↗ career there was no ↘ unemployment.C.When I started my ↘ career there was no ↗ unemployment.D.When I started my ↘ career there was no ↘ unemployment.正确答案：B[考点] 本题考查语音知识。
[解析] 含状语从句的复合句的语调分为两种情况：①若主句在前，从句在后，主句结束时意思已经比较完整，则主句通常用降调，整个句子读完时也应该用降调；②若从句在前，主句在后，则语调通常是“前升后降”。
故本题选B。
3. All the ______ in this school are taught by the same teacher.A.six-year-oldsB.six-years-oldC.six-year-oldD.six-years-olds正确答案：A[考点] 本题考查名词用法。
2018年中学英语教师招聘考试基础知识
2018年中学英语教师招聘考试基础知识一名词和冠词专练1. —Is that 110? A thief is in my house ...—OK. Help is ______.A. in the wayB. on the wayC. by the wayD. in a way2. We went to the beach and collected ______.A. dozen shellsB. dozens shellsC. dozen of shellsD. dozens of shells3. As a result of the heavy snow, the airport has been closed until further______.A. newsB. informationC. messageD. notice4. —I’d like to meet Mr. King.—Sorry, to my ______, he has gone home.A. delightB. knowledgeC. awarenessD. sorrow5. The policeman was questioning the man who was one of the ______ of theaccident.A. observersB. viewersC. witnessesD. audiences6. Jack tried hard to get a gold medal in the sports meeting but he hadno ______.A. luckB. timeC. fateD. result7. Once there was a growing ______ towards historical films.A. traditionB. rateC. trendD. direction8. The ______ involved in starting a business are high.A. pricesB. costsC. moneyD. value9. Chinese arts have won the ______ of a lot of people outside China.A. enjoymentB. appreciationC. entertainmentD. achievement10. Tom has been preparing carefully for the test so that he could passit at his first ______.A. purposeB. desireC. attemptD. intention11. —I’d like to see the movie very much, but I have no mo ney with me.—That’s OK. My ______ this time.A. offerB. treatC. promiseD. service12. Before the final exam, many students have shown ______ of tension. Somehave trouble in sleeping and others have lost their appetite.A. featuresB. marksC. signsD. looks13. The manager lost his ______ just because his secretary was ten minuteslate.A. temperB. moodC. mindD. thought14. It is said that in this area over a third of the population have no______ to health care.A. aidB. helpC. wayD. access15. It was dark and he had completely lost his ______ of direction.A. understandingB. feelingC. experienceD. sense16. The performance is so moving and perfect that it is almost beyond allthe viewers’ ______.A. hopeB. wishC. expectationD. demand17. —Few children are as bright as he is, and also, he works very hard. —It’s no ______ that he always wins first place in every examination.A. doubtB. wonderC. problemD. question18. Numerous studies already attach the first meal of the day to betterclassroom ______.A. behaviorB. functionC. displayD. performance19. You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of ______.A. dateB. shapeC. sightD. balance20. The private school was closed down as a(n) ______ of its terribly badmanagement.A. matterB. consequenceC. actionD. fact名词和冠词专练参考答案：1-5 BDDBC 6-10 ACBBC 11-15 BCADD 16-20 CBDBB形容词和副词专练1. All of us believe that a great many leaders from other countries willbe __ at the opening ceremony of the 2018 Olympics.A. presentB. necessaryC. enjoyableD. important2. I’m always ve ry ______ when I am asked to recite the text in class.A. curiousB. nervousC. mysteriousD. conscious3. Programs on the earthquake were broadcast ______ 24 hours a day ontelevision in those days.A. aliveB. livingC. liveD. lively4. I’d be ______ if y ou could give me an early reply.A. worriedB. gratefulC. satisfiedD. helpful5. Those MP3 players are usually $35 each, but today they have a ______price of $19.A. regularB. particularC. normalD. special6. I’m surprised that you should have been foo led by such a ______ trick.A. friendlyB. difficultC. skillfulD. simple7. He is such an important person that you should talk in a(n) ______ way.A. properB. usualC. casualD. exact8. —What’s the ______ population of this province?—Over ten million.A. totalB. fullC. completeD. all9. Cold as it was, the trip was ______ and people were enjoying themselves.A. differentB. pleasantC. amusedD. pleased10. In general, the amount that a student spends on housing should be heldto one-fifth of the living expenses ______.A. acceptableB. advisableC. availableD. applicable11. Being taught in a small group is far ______ to being in a large, noisyclassroom.A. adaptableB. beneficialC. preferableD. influential12. Young people are not ______ to stand and look at sports; they want sportsthey can participate in.A. enthusiasticB. contentC. confidentD. energetic13. The new research team was led by the ______ engineer.A. mainB. majorC. chiefD. super14. She looks very ______ but I can’t remember her name.A. memorableB. forgetfulC. similarD. familiar15. I’m afraid I must seem very ______ compared with all those interestingpeople you meet.A. dullB. boredC. tiredD. annoyed16. —Are you content with the information she offered?—Not at all. Itcou ldn’t have been ______.A. worseB. badC. betterD. good17. John told me that ______ nothing important had ever happened when hewas on holiday.A. seldomB. rarelyC. nearlyD. almost18. —Do you think he is clever?—I’m afraid he’s ______ than clever.A. more diligentB. diligentC. much diligentD. most diligent19. Exercise is ______ as diet to build up a strong body.A. so a useful wayB. as a useful wayC. as useful a wayD. such useful away20. I’m pleased to say that I’ve already finished ______ 60%of the workin these three days.A. no more thanB. no less thanC. not more thanD. much less than形容词和副词专练参考答案：1-5 ABCBD 6-10 DAABC 11-15 CBCDA 16-20 ADACB动词及短语动词专练1. All the people should ______ to help those suffering the earthquake.A. uniteB. connectC. combineD. add2. Over the past thirty-two years, Tangshan has ______ a series of greatchanges in its city image and economy.A. foundB. appearedC. seenD. looked3. —Hello, may I speak to one of your reporters?—Sorry, all of them havegone to ___ the games of the Olympics.A. setB. meetC. coverD. serve4. Today in China many young people ______ important positions in thegovernment.A. seizeB. catchC. graspD. hold5. Early this year cruel snowstorms hit southern China, ______ greattransportation problems in some areas.A. leadingB. causingC. resultingD. creating6. —How about having some fried chicken?—Oh, no. It ______ lots of fat.A. remainsB. containsC. keepsD. includes7. —Do you think John is coming to attend the lecture?—Sure. I have ______him to.A. advisedB. suggestedC. persuadedD. supposed8. You’d better wash the shirt in c old water, or the colour will ______.A. loseB. runC. reduceD. die9.—Good morning, sir. Can I help you?—I’d like a barbecue together withan orange juice. How much do you ___?A. chargeB. sellC. payD. afford10. Little Tom, you have to ______ your m anners at your uncle’s or I won’ttake you there.A. watchB. noticeC. careD. mind11. I don’t like the paintings. They don’t ______ well with the wallsof the room.A. fitB. suitC. goD. match12. It ______ to me that if I had continued that, I would have been rude.A. happenedB. showedC. leftD. occurred13. If you find something useful on the Internet, you can download and _____it in your personal computer file.A. saveB. collectC. shareD. fill14. There was once a time when a gentleman would immediately rise and ______his seat as soon as he saw a lady got onto a crowded bus.A. offerB. donateC. supplyD. provide15. —I want to go to the cinema with you, Dad.—Sorry, my darling, butthe film is ______ for adults.A. consideredB. intendedC. permittedD. developed16. Though the job is not difficult to finish within two months，we must______ no effort.A. spareB. giveC. doD. try17. Only ticket-holders were ______ into the stadium for the concert.A. allowedB. askedC. acceptedD. admitted18. She could have beco me a brilliant musician if she’d ______ her mindto it.A. followedB. changedC. openedD. put19. Each time I fail, my father will always tell me “If your dream is bigenough, the facts don’t ______.”A. costB. countC. valueD. mean20. Good students always ______ more attention on what the teachers teach.A. callB. drawC. fixD. attract动词及短语动词专练参考答案：1-5 ACCDB 6-10 BCBAD 11-15 CDAAB 16-20 ADDBC高中英语语法分类总复习名词、冠词1. To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten, the students in our school started a discussion “Save Our ______”. (安徽2018)A. SkyB. LifeC. ArtsD. Voices2. What’s the ______ of having a public open space where you can’t eat,drink or even simply hang out for a while?(福建2018)A. senseB. matterC. caseD. opinion3. The young man made a ______ to his parents that he would try to earnhis own living after graduation.A. predictionB. promiseC. planD. contribution4. The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly______.(湖北2018)A. atmosphereB. stateC. situationD. phenomenon5. —Shall we go out for a walk?—Sorry. This is not the right ______ toinvite me. I am too tired to walk.A. momentB. situationC. placeD. chance6. Have you heard ______ news?The price of ______ petrol is going up again!(湖南2018)A. the; theB. 不填; theC. the; 不填D. 不填; 不填7. —I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.—It is not your fault. With ______ rush-hour traffic and ______ heavy rain,it is no wonder you were late.A. a; aB. the; theC. 不填; 不填D. 不填; a8. It’s not ______ good idea to drive for four hours without ______break.(2018全国卷II)A. a; aB. the; aC. the; theD. a; the9. In many places in China, ______ bicycle is still ______ popular meansof transportation. (重庆2018)A. a; theB. 不填; aC. the; aD. the; the10. In the United States, there is always ______ flow of people to areasof __ country where more jobs can be found.A. a; theB. the; aC. the; theD. a; aKey： 1-5 DABAA 6-10 CBACA形容词、副词1. —Hi, Mark. How was the musical evening?—Excellent! Alex and Andyperformed __ and they won the first prize.A. skillfullyB. commonlyC. willinglyD. nervously2. After the long journey, the three of them went back home, ______. (北京2018)A. hungry and tiredlyB. hungry and tiredC. hungrily and tiredlyD. hungrilyand tired3. In spite of repeated wrongs done to him, he looks ______ to peoplegreeting him. (福建2018)A. friendlyB. livelyC. worriedD. cold4. In those days, our _concern was to provide people who were stopped bythe snow storm with food and health care.A. normalB. constantC. permanentD. primary5. As he works in a remote area, he visits his parents only ______. (湖北2018)A. occasionallyB. anxiouslyC. practicallyD. urgently6. Last night Mr. Crook didn’t come back at the usual time. __, he metsome friends and stayed out until midnight.A. MeanwhileB. HoweverC. InsteadD. Yet7. Jack is late again. It is ______ of him to keep others waiting. (江西2018)A. normalB. ordinaryC. commonD. typical8. You’re driving too fast. Can you drive ______?(2018全国卷I)A. more slowly a bitB. slowly a bit moreC. a bit more slowlyD. slowlymore a bit9. The weather was ______ cold that I didn’t like to leave my room. (2018全国卷I)A. reallyB. suchC. tooD. so10. Ten years ago the population of our village was ______ that of theirs.(陕西2018)A. as twice large asB. twice as large asC. twice as much asD. as twicemuch as11. My brother is really ______. He often works in his office far into thenight. (天津2018)A. open-mindedB. hard-workingC. self-confidentD. warm-hearted12. Although badly hurt in the accident, the driver was ______ able to makea phone call. (四川2018)A. stillB. evenC. alsoD. everKey： 1-5 ABADA 6-10 CDCDB11-12 BA动词、短语动词1. —Are you happy with your new computer?—No, it is ______ me a lot oftrouble. (安徽2018)A. showingB. leavingC. givingD. sparing2. Don’t be so discouraged. If you _______ such feelings, you will do betternext time. (安徽2018)A. carry onB. get backC. break downD. put away3. ______ a moment and I will go to your rescue. (福建2018)A. Go onB. Hold onC. Move onD. Carry on4. Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still ______ thetraditional customs. (湖北2018)A. performB. possessC. observeD. support5. As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine, we must send foran engineer to ______ the problem.A. handleB. raiseC. faceD. present6. The teacher stressed again that the students should not ______ anyimportant details while retelling the story.A. bring outB. let outC. leave outD. make out7. In modern times, people have to learn to ______ all kinds of pressurealthough they are leading a comfortable life.A. keep withB. stay withC. meet withD. live with8. The present situation is very complex, so I think it will take me sometime to ______ its reality.A. make upB. figure outC. look throughD. put off9. I it as a basic principle of the company that suppliers of rawmaterials should be given a fair price for their prodcts.A. makeB. lookC. takeD. think10. If a person has not had enough sleep, his actions will give him ______during the day. (江西2018)A. awayB. upC. inD. back11. The performance ______ nearly three hours, but few people left thetheatre early.(2018全国卷I)A. coveredB. reachedC. playedD. lasted12. After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane ______ herjob as a doctor in the countryside.A. set outB. took overC. took upD. set up13. —What are you reading, Tom?—I’m not really reading, just ______ thepages. (2018全国卷II)A. turning offB. turning aroundC. turning overD. turning up14. Her shoes ______ her dress; they look very well together. (天津2018)A. suitB. fitC. compareD. match15. Little Johnny felt the bag, curious to know what it ______. (2018全国卷II)A. collectedB. containedC. loadedD. saved16. It’s going to rain. Xiao Feng, will you please help me ______ the clotheson the line?(陕西2018)A. get offB. get backC. get inD. get on17. You have to ______ a choice. Are you going to leave the job or stay?(四川2018)A. decideB. getC. doD. make18. The meal over, the managers went back to the meeting room to ______their discussion.(天津2018)A. put awayB. take dowC. look overD. carry onKey： 1-5 CDBCA 6-10 CDBCA11-15 DCCDB 16-18 CDD2018年中学英语教师招聘考试基础知识二时态和语态及非谓语动词专练1. It was reported that more than one million people ______ light showerson May 2, 2018 to cheer the Olympic torch relay in Hong Kong.A. had ignoredB. ignoredC. ignoreD. have ignored2. —He can speak English because he once lived in London.—Really? Howlong ______ there?A. does he liveB. is he livingC. has he livedD. did he live3. —When do you know Beijing Olympic tickets can ______ online? —From April, 2007. And I am sure that tickets for the 110 meters hurdleswill ______ well.A. be booked; be soldB. book; be soldC. be booked; sellD. book; sell4. The other day, Johnny returned to his house after a holiday only to findthat it ______.A. is broken intoB. has been broken intoC. had broken intoD. had beenbroken into5. Don’t take the picture-book away. It ______ me.A. belongs toB. is belonged toC. was belonged toD. belonged t6. Jane, look at the clouds! It ______!A. is about to rainB. is going to rainC. rainsD. is to rain7. —Don’t forget to buy me an MP4, Dad.—______.A. I don’tB. I won’tC. I didn’tD. I haven’t8. —You were not at home yesterday evening. Did you go to see a film?—Yes. I ______ seeing films.A. have likedB. had likedC. likedD. like9. —Have you got your test result?—Not yet. I believe that the papers______.A. are correctingB. have not correctedC. are still being correctedD. hadnot been corrected10. Mary mentioned that the dog ______ her daughter more than once.A. had attackedB. attacksC. has attackedD. would attack11. So difficult ______ it to work out the problem that I decided to askLily for help.A. do I findB. did I findC. would I findD. have I found12. —Oh, Mr. Wang, I forgot the textbook again.—You ______ something.A. have leftB. are always leavingC. leftD. did leave13. —What ______ when I phoned you yesterday?—I ______ my work, and Iwas going out.A. have you done; finishedB. were you doing; finishC. did you do; had just finishedD. were you doing; had just finished14. No sooner ______ to the office than she got down to writing the report.A. has she gotB. did she getC. does she getD. had she got15. Lisa ______ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether shehas finished it.A. was writingB. wroteC. had writtenD. has written16. —How are you planning to travel to Beijing?—I ______ yet, but I ______taking a train.A. didn’t decide; am consideringB. haven’t decided; considerC. haven’t decided; am consideringD. hadn’t decided; have considered17. —Have you finished the article?—No, but I ______ it all this week.A. writeB. had writtenC. have writtenD. have been writing18. We first met in 1998, and from then on we ______ good friends.A. areB. will beC. have beenD. had been19. —Did you notice our head teacher just now?—No, I ______ of somethingelse.A. was thinkingB. thoughtC. had thoughtD. have thought20. —I left my dictionary on the desk by the window, but now it’s gone—Who do you think ______ it?A. will takeB. has takenC. takesD. had taken21. All of the students ______ by 7:30, but their headmaster ______ until20 minutes later.A. had arrived; hasn’t turned upB. arrived; didn’t turn upC. had arrived;didn’t turn upD. arrived; hadn’t turned up22. I promise the matter will ______.A. be taken careB. be taken care ofC. take careD. take care of23. The little girl is generally healthy, but every now and then she ______a cold.A. has caughtB. is catchingC. will catchD. does catch24. —Has Mr. Zhang returned from America yet? I’d li ke to see him. —I’m very sorry, but he ______ back here only last weekend and is nowin CanadaA. has beenB. would beC. isD. was25. Mr. Li, I should tell you this is the fifth time you ______ me for mytwin sister.A. have mistakenB. mistakeC. had mistakenD. mistook26. Jack woke up from a terrible dream, only ______ in another world, onethat was real.A. finding himB. found himselfC. be foundD. to find himself27. ______ around the lab, the visitors were taken to the playground.A. Having shownB. Having been shownC. Being shownD. To be shown28. The students are not allowed, unless they have special passes, ______after 10:30 pm.A. to stay outB. staying outC. stay outD. stayed out29. I think that more attention should be paid ______ the studen ts’abilities.A. to developingB. developingC. to developD. develop30. ______ on Main Street, the market is busy every day.A. To locateB. LocateC. LocatedD. Locating#p31. My teacher advised the dictionary ______ be bought in three days.A. refer toB. referringC. referred toD. to refer32. —Sorry, sir, I can’t answer this question.—Well, you’re supposed______ this part of history.A. readingB. having readC. to have readD. to read33. She seemed ______ who I was, so I had to introduce myself.A. to not recognizeB. not to recognizeC. to have not recognizedD. not tohave recognized34. Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ______ after drinking.A. never to driveB. to never driveC. never drivingD. never drived35. My computer wants _______. It’s out of c ontrol.A. to repairB. being repairedC. repairedD. repairing36. I asked my employer to get me ______ what’s going on in my office whileI was away on holiday.A. informedB. informed ofC. informing ofD. to be informed37. It remains ______ when we’ll h ave the next meeting.A. to decideB. to be decidedC. decidingD. decided38. We only have little time together, so we try ______ it wisely.A. spendingB. spendC. to spendD. having spent39. Many students expect there ______ no exams in the future.A. beB. to beC. beingD. been40. It’s no use ______ — you just need ______ the test again later.A. complaining; to takeB. to complain; to takeC. to complain; takingD.complaining; taking41. The teacher was the last ______ the _______ classroom.A. to leave; fallingB. left; fallenC. having left; fallingD. leaving;fallen42. Many businessmen attended the Boao Forum because they knew what ______from it.A. gettingB. to be goC. gotD. to get43. Having been shaken by the big earthquake, ______.A. doctors came to their rescueB. the tall building collapsedC. an emergency measure was takenD. warning was given to the tourists44. What worried the child most was ______ to visit his mother in hospital.A. his being not allowedB. not allowingC. his not being allowedD. notallowed45. Mrs. Brown was disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ______went wrong again.A. to repairB. being repairedC. repairedD. repair46. Once your business becomes international, ______ constantly will bepart of your life.A. to flyB. flyC. to be flyingD. flying47. Everything ______ into consideration, they believed themselves more.A. takenB. to takeC. takingD. to be taken48. In that situation, they couldn’t do anything but ______.A. sitting and waitingB. sat and waitedC. sit and waitD. to sit and towait49. He pushed his way through the crowd, ______ “Excuse me.”A. to sayB. saC. saidD. saying50. ______ the fare, I got out of the taxi and dashed into the station.A. To payB. PaidC. Having paidD. Paying时态和语态及非谓语动词专练参考答案：1-5 BDCDA 6-10 BBDCA 11-15 BBDDA 16-20 CDCAB21-25 CBDDA 26-30 DBAAC 31-35 CCDAD 36-40 BBCBA41-45 ADBCC 46-50 DACDC 2018年中学英语教师招聘考试基础知识三介词、代词和数词及情态动词和虚拟语气专练1. _______ being late for the important conference, the secretary was firedfrom her job.A. In reference toB. In exchange forC. In case ofD. On account of2. Sometimes, happiness is like a butterfly which, when pursued, is always_______ our grasp.A. beyondB. overC. underD. against3. Many of the best-educated people have gone to big cities _______ betterjobs.A. in the face ofB. in honor ofC. in search ofD. in terms of4. He insisted on going abroad for further study _______ his parents’disapproval.A. by means ofB. in favor ofC. regardless ofD. for the purpose of5. I’d like to have a car _______ my own one day.A. forB. toC. withD. of6 The news that she had been married _______ Mr. Brown came to me as asurprise.A. toB. withC. ofD. by7. Many children are afraid _______ being blamed _______ making mistakesin speaking English.A. for; ofB. of; forC. of; ofD. for; for8. The direction _______ which the president would go was kept secret_______ safety.A. for; overB. from; aboutC. at; asD. in; for9. When I came into the room, I saw Bill standing _______ Mrs. Black andthe hostess.A. betweenB. amongC. inD. from10. She’s the type of person who just says what’s _______ her mind.A. aboutB. onC. toD. against11. Tom’s carelessness resulted _______ our failure but I think I’m alsoresponsible _______ it.A. in; toB. from; toC. in; forD. from; for12. —Have you seen my notebook?—Oh, Jane must have taken it _______mistake; she has the same one as yours.A. forB. onC. byD. of13. _______ your advice, I would have caught in the traffic and wouldn’thave been there on time.A. But forB. Except forC. Because ofD. As of14. _______ such subjects, the department also taught mathematics.A. As a result ofB. By the side ofC. In need ofD. In addition to15. —I was surprised to see wild flowers in Alaska.—Many people thinkthere is nothing there ____ ice and snow.A. in place ofB. in spite ofC. instead ofD. apart from16. She had to walk home _______ her bike stolen.A. withB. asC. forD. since17. Terry told me that he would come to see me ___ two days, but he cameto my house _______ only a few hours.A. in; inB. in; afterC. for; afterD. after; in18. A large number of world famous paintings are _______ show in thisexhibition.A. onB. ofC. toD. for19. —These boxes are too heavy for me to move.—Don’t worry; I’ll g iveyou a hand _______ them.A. forB. toC. withD. on20. This country has recently had a high level of unemployment — but thesame is true ____ many other countries.A. withB. toC. ofD. for21. In recent years, especially _______ the end of last year, great changeshave taken place in our hometown.A. atB. byC. sinceD. in22. “I want to be _______ myself for a while,” John said.A. ofB. toC. forD. by23. We need a better leader, _______ with a strong will as well as a goodsense of humor.A. oneB. the oneC. heD. who24. The group has been teaching students how to spend money wisely andoffering financial advice to _____ in debt.A. themB. thoseC. onesD. that25. —Do you want the red hat, the blue hat or the yellow one?—_______.I really don’t car e.A. AllB. NoneC. AnythingD. Any26. He _______ at the meeting this morning. He left for Britain yesterday.A. couldn’t have spokenB. mustn’t have spokenC. shouldn’t have spokenD.needn’t have spoken27. It is urgent so you _______ waste any time.A. ne edn’tB. mustn’tC. may notD. won’t28. It has been announced that all the students _______ remain in theirseats until all the papers have been collected.A. shallB. willC. canD. may29. —Could I borrow your dictionary?—Yes, of course you _______.A. mightB. willC. canD. could30. Many people _______ to his home as he keeps a big dog.A. not dare goB. dare not goC. not dare to goD. dare not to go31. He never remembers my telephone number, and always _______ look it up.A. mustB. need toC. shouldD. has to32. If he _______ his legs in the last training, he _______ the comingBeijing Olympic Games.A. hadn’t hurt; would take part inB. hadn’t hurt; would have taken partinC. didn’t hurt; would take part inD. didn’t hurt; would have taken partin33. If only I _______ how to operate a computer as you do!。
2018年教师资格证面试初中英语真题复习
考题一（语法课）二、考题解析【教案】Teaching Aims:Knowledge aim: By the end of the class, students can muster knowledge of if-clause.Ability aim: Students can use if-clause in their daily life.Emotional aim: Students will feel the happiness of learning English in joyful, free and open atmosphere, and will be confident to express in English.Teaching Key Points:Students can know the structure, function and tense of if-clause. Teaching Difficult Point:Students can put the new knowledge into practice.Teaching Methods:Tasked-based Teaching Method, Communicative Approach.Teaching Aids:The blackboardTeaching Procedures:Step 1: Lead-inGreeting with the students.Sing a song for students- if you are happy. Ask them “Did you hear the word-if” to lead in the class.Step 2: PresentationLet the students read the passage and find out sentences with “if”. Then teacher will ask students write these sentences on the blackboard. Thenfind out the similarities among these sentences.According to the answers from students, teacher make a brief summary：1.If-clause means condition and the main clause is the result. 2. The main clause and if-clause have the same tense. However, if it describes things in the future, the main clause uses the Simple Future Tense and if-clause use the Simple Present Tense.Step 3: PracticeRead the sentences by themselves and practice with neighbors.Step 4: ProductionUse the sentence and structure what we learned today to make a conversation with your neighbor and invite some students performance it.Step 5: Summary and homeworkSummary: Sum up what we have learned today.Homework: After class, teach these sentences to their parents.Blackboard Design:考题二（听说课）二、考题解析【教案】Teaching aims:Knowledge aim:Students will master the expression of date and the sentence structure: -What is ...’s birthday? -It is ...Ability aim:Students will improve their abilities of speaking and listening. Emotional aim:Students will be more confident in speaking English.Key and difficult point:Key Point: Students will master how to express a date in English.Difficult Point: Students will use the sentence structure in daily life. Teaching procedure:Step 1: Warming-up1. Greetings.2. Ask students if today is anyone’s birthday. And invite the whole class to sing a ‘Happy Birthday’ song to him or her.Step 2: Pre-listening1. Review the knowledge about ordinal numeral: write some numbers on the blackboard and ask students to change the cardinal numeral into ordinal numeral.2. Ask students to look at the picture in the textbook to predict what the dialogue may be about.Step 3: While-listening考题三（口语课）二、考题解析【教案】Teaching aims:Knowledge aim: students will know the top ic of “you are never too young to start doing things that you don’t know how to do before”.Ability aim: students can increase the speaking ability through talking the topic.Emotional aim: students will develop their awareness of starting doingthings as soon as possible.Key and difficult point:Key point: students can increase the speaking ability through talking the topic.Difficult point: students will develop their awareness of starting doing things as soon as possible.Teaching procedure:Step 1: Warming-upGreet the students.Show several pictures of the famous golf player Tiger Woods, the musician Mozart, and the great Brazilian soccer player Ronaldo when they are young, and let students guess who they are, then the teacher tells students that they started doing their interest in a young age. Then lead the topic ofthe class.Step 2: Pre-speakingFirstly, read the passage then conclude and make clear the topic of the speaking class— you are never too young to start doing things that you don’t know to do before. Secondly, the teacher gives several aspects ofthe topic, including what the event is they have experienced in a young age, when they started doing it, how they did it and what achievements they havegot through it. Thirdly, the teacher gives an example. students talk about topic at several aspects above in groups.Step 3: While-speaking1. One student ask the questions about the topic at every single aspect above, the other student answer, then exchange.2. Students talk about the topic at several aspects above to their partners.3. Survey and report. One student makes a survey about the event in a young age of other group members, and take down notes.Step4: Post-speaking1. self—report: talk about the event that they started doing in a young age.2. peer—report: ask some students in different groups to have a repot of other students’ e vents in a young age.Step 5: Summary and HomeworkTell students we should start doing things as soon as possible.Homework: students think about more events they’d like to start.Blackboard design:考题四（阅读课）二、考题解析【教案】Teaching aims:Knowledge aim: Students will master the sentence pattern “can you” and some new words such as sing, play the piano and so on.Ability aim: Students will improve their speaking ability through group work.Emotional aim: Students will take part in the class actively and be fond of learning English.Key and difficult point: Students can master the sentence pattern and words and can take part into the class actively.Teaching procedure:Step 1: Warming-upGreeting: Good morning boys and girls, this is your beloved English teacher, Jessica. How are you today? Fine, I'm too. It is snowing right now right? The weather is getting colder and colder, so put on more clothes and don't catch cold ok? Otherwise you will lag behind for your English studying.Lead-in: 展示有关音乐会的图片：Sydney Opera House/ National opera house in Beijing1)what can you see in the pictures2) Where can we do in it?3) Do you like to enjoy a music show in our school?4) Let’s take a look of today’s class: musicians wanted for school music festival.Step 2: Pre-reading图片讲解单词：sing/ dance/ play the piano/1) What can you see in the pictures: 依次展示TF boys/ ballet/ 朗朗2) What is he/ she doing in the picture? 依次引出: sing/ dance/ play the piano.3) When you sing, you make musical sounds with your voice, usuallyproducing words that fit a tune.4) When you dance, you move your body and feet in a way that follows a rhythm, usually in time to music.5) A piano is a large musical instrument with a row of black and white keys. When you press these keys with your fingers, little hammers hit wirestrings inside the piano, which vibrate to produce musical notes.Step 3: While-reading设置阅读问题：1) Which musical instruments are mentioned in the passage:The piano (Y), the trumpet (Y), the drums (Y). violin (X).2) who should you contact if you are interested: zhang heng3) The telephone number? 622-6033.Step4: Post-reading1) Do a survey: which musical instruments can your classmate play?2) Making a conversation by using the result of the survey: Do you want to go to the music festival?Blackboard design:考题五（写作课）。
初中英语教师资格证考点汇总
初中英语教师资格证考点汇总文档简介本文档汇总了初中英语教师资格证考试的主要考点和内容要点，帮助考生更好地备考和掌握考试重点。
考试内容概述初中英语教师资格证考试主要测试考生在英语教学方面的知识和能力。
考试包括语言知识与能力、教育教学知识与能力和专业知识与能力三个部分。
语言知识与能力词汇与语法- 常用单词和词组- 基本语法知识- 情态动词的用法- 动词时态和语态- 名词、代词、形容词和副词的基本用法句型与篇章- 常用句型和短语- 句子结构和语法规则- 阅读理解和写作技巧教育教学知识与能力教育心理学- 研究理论与教育心理学原理- 学生发展特点和心理需求- 教学中的评价与反馈教学设计与评价- 教学目标和内容的设计- 不同教学方法的应用- 教学评价和教育研究方法教学组织与管理- 教学组织与班级管理- 学科教学与综合实践活动的组织- 学校教育改革和教学发展的趋势专业知识与能力英语教育基础- 英语教学理论- 英语教材与教学方法- 外语教育研究与教学改革英语教学实践- 教学设计与实施- 教学材料和教具的选择与应用- 多媒体技术在英语教学中的应用考试准备建议- 熟练掌握常用单词和词组，加强词汇积累- 熟悉基本语法知识，掌握常见句型和语法规则- 注重阅读理解和写作训练，提高语言表达能力- 研究教育心理学知识，了解学生发展特点和教学评价方法- 针对专业知识与能力部分，研究相关教育理论和教学改革动向> 注意：本文档总结了初中英语教师资格证考试的主要考点和内容要点，但具体的考试内容以官方发布的考试大纲为准。
考生在备考过程中应结合大纲进行综合复习和准备。
(完整word版)2018年教师资格证考试真题中学《综合素质》附答案
中学综合素质一、单项选择题(本大题共29小题，每小题2分，共58分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案字母按要求涂黑。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1。
在全县校长经验交流会上,某校校长介绍完教学改革的情况后，强调素质教育就是减负和增加课外活动。
该校长的认识A.是对素质教育的片面理解B。
体现素质教育与学科教学的结合C.符合提升学校实力的需要D。
符合凝练学校办学特色的需要【答案】A。
解析：素质教育是把教育活动的目的指向“素质”，是面向全体学生,促进学生全面发展。
素质教育除了给学生减负与增加课外活动之外，还要进行德智体美劳的全面发展，所以，题目中校长对素质教育的理解是片面的。
答案选择A。
BCD的解释都是错误的。
2.刚开学，班主任周老师言辞恳切地对学生讲:“迎接中考是这一年的重中之重，关系到你们的人生发展,大家不要把时间浪费在课外活动上。
”周老师的说法A。
合理，有利于学生复习应考B.合理，体现了强烈的责任心C。
不合理，不利于学生全面发展D。
不合理，不利于学生主动发展【答案】C。
解析：周老师是典型的重智育的体现，是不合理的。
素质教育是促进学生全面发展的教育，要德智体美劳全面发展。
3.张老师在班上鼓励学生进行课外阅读，开展“分享知识”的活动，引导学生在班上分享收获,并及时加以点评。
张老师的做法A.减轻了教师教学负担B。
拓展了学生学习资源C。
加重了学生学习负担D.促进了教师专业发展【答案】B。
解析：学生观中要求老师要充分尊重学生的主体地位,让学生积极参与到学习活动中来，开展“分享知识”的活动，有利于拓展学生的学习资源，更有利于激发学生的主体性。
正确答案选B。
4.某班主任制定的班干部竞选条件中规定，成绩在后10名的不能参选,理由是“连自己都管不好，怎么能管好别人"。
这种做法A。
正确，有利于学困生安心学习B。
正确，有利于刺激学困生上进C.不正确，不能促进学生个性发展D。
2018年上半年教师资格考试《初中英语》真题
2018年上半年教师资格统考《英语学科（初中）》试题一、单项选择题(本大题共30小题，每小题2分，共60分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中选择一个最佳答案。
1.The similarity between the English consonants/p/,/b/,and/m/is that they are all_________.A.fricativeB.plosivebial-dentalD.bilabial2.Which of the following is a back vowel in English?A./ɜː/B./ɔ:/C./ʌ/D./e/3.There is only one playground slide in this school,so the students have to take _________to use it.A.turnsB.the turnC.a turnD.the turns4.Out of everyone's expectation,Johnson suddenly returned_________a rainy night.A.atB.inC.onD.during5.She_________it very well when she described her younger brother as"brilliant but lazy".A.putB.madeC.assumedD.interpreted6.We don't think possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it7._________the same mistakes in the annual financial report again made his boss very angry.A.His having madeB.He having madeC.He had madeD.He has made8.I would have told him the answer,but I_________so busy then.A.had beenB.wereC.wasD.would be9.The use of the expression"I won't bore you with all the details..."indicates that people usually observe the_________Maxim in their daily conversations.A.QuantityB.QualityC.RelevanceD.Manner10.Which of the following is an evaluative move used by a teacher in class to comment on students’performance?A.Initiation move.B.Follow-up move.C.Framing move.D.Repair move.11.Which of the following activities is NOT typical of the Task-Based Language Teaching method?A.Problem-solving activities.B.Opinion exchange activities.rmation-gap activities.D.Pattern practice activities.12.If a teacher shows students how to do an activity before they start doing it,he/she is using the technique of_________.A.presentationB.demonstrationC.elicitationD.evaluation13.When a teacher asks students to discuss how a text is organized,he/she is most likely to help them_________.A.evaluate the content of the textB.analyze the structure of the passageC.understand the intention of the writerD.distinguish the fact from the opinions14.Which of the following practices can encourage students to read an article critically?A.Evaluating its point of view.B.Finding out the facts.C.Finding detailed information.D.Doing translation exercises.15.Which of the following is a display question used by teachers in class?A.If you were the girl in the story,would you behave like her?B.Do you like the story Girl the Thumb,why or why not?C.Do you agree that the girl was a kind-hearted person?D.What happened to the girl at the end of the story?16.Which of the following would a teacher encourage students to do in order to develop their cognitive strategies?A.To make a study plan.B.To summarize a story.C.To read a text aloud.D.To do pattern drills.17.Which of the following exercises would a teacher most probably use if he/she wants to help students de-velop their discourse competence.A.Paraphrasing sentences.B.Translating sentences.C.Unscrambling sentences.D.Transforming sentences.18.The advantages of pair and group work include all of the following EXCEPT_________.A.interaction with peersB.variety and dynamismC.an increase in language practiceD.opportunities to guarantee accuracy19.Which of the following should a teacher avoid when his/her focus is on developing students'ability to use words appropriately?A.Teaching both the spoken and written form.B.Teaching words in context and giving examples.C.Presenting the form,meaning,and use of a word.D.Asking students to memorize bilingual word lists.20.Which of the following practices is most likely to encourage students'cooperationin learning?A.Doing a project.B.Having a dictation.C.Taking a test.D.Copying a text.阅读Passage l，完成21～25小题。
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第一部分语言知识与能力1．掌握英语语言的基础知识，了解语言研究中与英语教学相关的基本概念和知识，并能在课堂教学中加以运用。
2．具有良好的英语语言运用能力，包括用英语进行书面表达、获取教学资源和信息、表达思想情感和与学生良好沟通的能力；能够筛选并改编适合初中学生英语水平的语言材料。
3．能够在语篇中理解英语国家的语言、历史和文学等相关的社会文化知识。
第一章英语语言基础知识1.根据发音时是否受到发音器官的阻碍及阻碍程度，将26个英文字母分为三类：元音字母，半元音字母和辅音字母。
元音字母有5个：a,e,i,o,u。
半元音字母有：w,y。
2.音素(phoneme)是音的最小单位，有区分语言意义的作用。
英语中有48个音素，分为元音音素和辅音音素两大类。
其中元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。
3.音标是记录音素的符号，是音素的标写符号。
一个音素只用一个音标表示，而一个音标并不知表示一个音素。
标音法：用音标标记语音的方法。
宽式标音法和严式标音法两种。
宽式标音法是用一个符号来表示一个语音的标音方式。
严式标音法是一种使用变音符号的标音方式，旨在记录同一个音在不同的语音环境下所发生的细微的变化。
国际音标，K.K音标，D.J音标。
4.音节的类型：单音节，双音节，三音节，多音节，成音节。
重读音节的四大类型：开音节，闭音节，-r音节，-re音节。
5音节的划分：（1）一个音节至少有一个元音字母（2）当两个元音字母中间只有一个辅音字母时，而且左边的元音又是按重读开音节规则发音，这个辅音字母通常划入右边的音节。
（3）两个元音之间只有一个辅音字母或辅音字母组合，左边的元音按重读闭音节规则发音，那么这个辅音字母或辅音字母组合通常划入左边的音节。
（4）如果两个元音字母中间有两个辅音字母，通常这两个辅音字母分别划入左右两个音节。
（5）如果两个元音字母中间有两个辅音字母，第一个是r，这两个辅音字母分别划入左右两个音节。
（6）如果两个元音或元音和半元音字母组合发的是一个元音或双元音，划分音节时，不能将其从中分开，要划在一起。
（7）有些辅音字母经常在一起，只发一个辅音，或者联系很紧密。
划分音节时也不能将其分开。
（8）辅音字母组合构成发音的辅音连缀，划分音节时，也不能将其分开。
（9）如果一个单词是以字母-le结尾，并且辅音-le前面还有一个辅音字母，那么这个辅音字母通常划分在右边这个音节里。
（10）加前缀时，前缀单词单独划为一个或一个以上的音节。
（11）加后缀时，后缀不影响其他音节的划分。
（12）如果后缀-ed加在以-t或-d结尾的单词后面，发/id/，构成一个音节，拼写时可单独划分为一个音节；反之，其他情况下不算一个独立的音节。
5.根据发音时舌活动的范围，英语元音可分为前元音，中元音，后元音。
发音时元音声带振动，叫浊音。
20个元音中，单元音12个，双元音8个。
元音之间的区别主要有四方面：舌头抬起的高度，舌头最高部分的位置，元音的长度或紧度，唇的圆展度。
发辅音时声带振动的是浊辅音，声带不振动的是清辅音。
28个辅音中，清辅音11个，浊辅音17个。
6.音的连读（liaison）（1）“辅音+元音”型连读（2）“r/re+元音”型连读（3）“辅音+半元音”型连读（4）“元音+元音”型连读7.失去爆破爆破音（plosive）：[p],[b],[t],[d],[k],[g] （1）“爆破音+爆破音”型（2）“爆破音+摩擦音/破擦音”型（3）“破擦音/t,d/+鼻音/m,n/”型（4）“爆破音/t,d/+舌边音/l/”型8.音的同化（assimilation）（1）后进同化（2）前进同化（3）前音与相邻后音互相影响9.多音节词的重读( word stress)（1）多音节词一般倾向于倒数第三个音节重读。
（2）以-ic，-ish，-ive，-cian，-sian ，–cial ，-tial等结尾的多音节词，一般是倒数第二个音节重读。
（3）以-ee,-eer,-ese,-ette,-oon等后缀结尾的词，不论是双音节还是多音节，一般均是最后一个音节重读。
（4）以-con,de-,ex-,in-,re-,pre-,pro-等为前缀的双音节词，在作名词用时，重音在第一个音节，作动词用时重音在第二个音节上。
10.可数名词的复数变化规则：zoos,radios,photos,gulfs,roofs,chiefs,serfs,bliefs,proofs,handkerchiefs. Women doctors, boy students, Germans11.不定冠词a/an，定冠词the，零冠词12.动词的时态（1）一般现在时（2）一般过去时（3）一般将来时（4）现在进行时（5）过去进行时（6）将来进行式（7）现在完成时（8）过去完成时（9）将来完成时10）现在完成进行时（11）过去完成进行时（12）将来完成进行时13.非谓语动词：动词不定式，动名词，分词14.反义疑问句15.感叹句16.复合句（1）定语从句（2）状语从句（3）主语从句（4）宾语从句（5）表语从句（6）同位语从句17.倒装18.强调19.虚拟语气20.主谓一致（1）语法一致（2）意义一致（3）就近原则：谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致，常出现在这类句子中的连词有：or,either..or.., neither..nor...,not only..but also..,there be...第二章语言学与英语教学1.语言学的主要分支包括：语音学（phonetics）、音位学(phonology)、形态学(morphology)、句法学(syntax)、语义学(semantics)、语用学(pragmatics)、心理语言学、社会语言学。
2.普通语言学（general linguistics）与应用语言学(applied linguistics)3.规定语言学与描写语言学4.历时语言学（diachronic linguistics）与共时语言学(synchronic linguistics)5.语言可以有两个方面：语言和言语6.语言能力（competence）指的是所有说本族语的人可以理解并且说出从来没有听过的句子的能录语言行为（performance）指的是上述代码在使用语言的实际情况中的实现，即指话语本身。
7.对比分析（contrastive analysis）的作用：认定语言间的异同、降低学习的难度、决定教学重点、预测错误的发生8.错误分析（error analysis）：我国外语学习者的错误通常有下列类型：负迁移，过度类推或概括错误，语用错误9.语言学有关的外语教学理论（1）习得—学得假说the acquisition-learning hypothesis（2）监测假说the monitor hypothesis（3）输入、输出假说the input/output hypothesis（4）自然顺序假说the natural order hypothesis（5）情感过滤假说the affective filter hypothesis10.语言的结构特征：任意性arbitrariness、二重性duality、多产性productivity、移位性displacement11.语言的功能：信息功能、人际功能、施为功能、情感功能、寒暄功能(phatic)、娱乐性功能、元语言功能（metalingual function ）12.共时研究（synchronic）以某个特定时期的语言为研究对象，比如现代汉语研究，莎士比亚时代语言研究都属于此类。
历时研究(diachronic)则研究语言各个阶段的发展变化，研究语言的历史发展规律。
13.最小对比对minimal pair：辨别音位最强有力的工具。
14.涵义关系：同义关系synonymy、反义关系antonymy、上下义关系hyponymy、语句之间的涵义关系(同义关系、矛盾、蕴含、预设、自相矛盾、语义反常)15.会话含义理论the theory of conversational implication合作原则：数量准则quantity、质量准则、关联准则relation、方式准则manner含义的特征：可推导性calculability、可消除性cancellability/可废除性defeasibility、不可分离性non-detachability、非常规性non-conventionality16.修辞学明喻simile、隐喻/暗喻metaphor、转喻/借代metonymy、提喻、拟人personification、类比analogy、委婉euphemism、夸张hyperbole、对偶/对仗antithesis、矛盾修饰、反语irony、层递、拟声、头韵、双关pun、讽刺.17.词的形成：复合词compound、派生词derivation18.词汇变化(lexical change):混成法blending、首字母缩写acronym、逆构词法back-formation、缩写语abbreviation、类推造词analogical creation、借词borrowing18.语素的类型：（1）自由语素(free morpheme)和粘着语素(bound morpheme)（2）词根root、词缀affix和词干stem（3）曲折词缀inflectional affix和派生词缀derivational affix19.辅音根据发音部位分成：双唇音bilabial、唇齿音labiodental、齿音dental、齿龈音alveolar、齿龈后音palatal-alveolar、硬腭音palatal、软腭音velar、声门音glottal.辅音根据发音方式分成：塞音stop、擦音fricative、塞擦音affricate、鼻音nasal、边音lateral、近音approximant元音分为8个双元音diphthong、12个单元音simple monophthong 20.超音段suprasegmental音节syllable、重音stress、语调intonation、声调tone第二部分语言教学知识与能力1．了解外语教学基本理论，理解语言观、语言学习观、语言教学观等对初中英语教学的指导作用。
2．理解《义务教育英语课程标准（2011年版）》的目标内容（语言技能、语言知识、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识），以及课程标准的其他相关知识，并能在教学设计与实施中运用。
3．掌握英语语言知识（语音、词汇、语法、语篇等）的教学基本原则、讲解和练习方法。
4．掌握英语语言技能（听、说、读、写）的教学原则和训练方法。