翻译方法

• 4) Television, it is said, keeps one informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers endless series of programs which are both instructive and entertaining.
• 2) Some teachers and experts have argued that there are two key skills which the university students might be expected to show. These skills are: to improve their own learning and work with others.
• 5) 西部地区要充分发挥自然资源、人文景 观、民族文化特色的优势，通过旅游这个 窗口宣传自己。 • 6) 过去几年来， 中国的对外开放以“引进 来”为主，通过大力引进资金、技术和管 理，促进经济不断发展。 • 7)互联网的庞大规模使它有望成为信息高 速公路的主干线。但为了支持越来越多的 用户和多媒体应用，必须增加频带宽度， 这是信息高速公路的核心技术问题。
• 3) It is probably easier for teachers than for students to appreciate the reasons why learning English seems to become increasingly difficult once the basic structures and patterns of the language have been understood.
食物名称 Pie 派 Pizza 皮萨 Hamburger 汉堡 Pudding 布丁 饺子 Jiaozi 粽子 Zongzi
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商标名称 Kentucky 肯德基（炸鸡） Benz 奔驰（汽车） Kodak 柯达（胶卷） Rolex 劳力士 （手表） Nokia 诺基亚 （手机） Carrefour 家乐福（超市） Chanel 香奈儿（服装，香水等）
• Translation Practice • 1) Quite apart from business contracts, these meetings will surely help enhance the understanding and friendship between us. Well begun is half done, as we say. I hope this visit will pave for further business relations between our two countries.
• 7) 加强环境、生态保护，合理 开发利用资源，这是功在当代， 泽及子孙的大事。
• Strengthening environmental and ecological protection and rationally developing and utilizing natural resources are an important issue, a meritorious service to be accomplished in our time which will also benefit the future generations.
• 三、选择使用能够表达原字母形 象的汉语词来翻译，这样的译文 读者非常容易理解：
• O－ring • 环行圈 • U-bend • 马蹄弯头 • V-slot • 三角形槽 • V－collar • 鸡心领
• V－belt • 三角皮带 • X－brace • 交叉支柱 • Y－track • 三叉形轨道
• 所谓意译, ，就是只保留原文内 容、不保留原文形式的翻译方 法。译文的语言（或目的语） 与原文的语言在许多情况下不 能有同样的表达形式来体现同 样的内容，也不能产生同样的 效果。
• 1) It is an ill bird that fouls its own nest． • 2) Every spirit you take is a nail in your coffin.
• A-bedplate • A形底座 • A－frame • A形构架 • D-valve • D形阀
• C-network • C形网络 • M-wing • M形机翼 • C－spring • C形发条
• I－head • I形汽缸盖 • S－link • S形连接 • S－wrench • S形扳手 • IC－card • IC卡
• 音译 • 音译 (transliteration) 是一种以源语 言读音为依据的翻译方法，一般根 据源语言的发音在目标语言中寻找 发音相近的语言进行替代。音译可 最大限度地保留原文化特色和原语 言的洋腔洋味。音译通常用于姓名、 地名、商标、食物、科技术语、新 词或流行词、计量单位等的翻译。
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• 3) The management's reputation fell still further when it refused to accept the suggestion of the Labor Union that an increase in the salary of the workers was a precondition for the settlement of the current dispute.
• 2) China’s rapid emergence as a major world actor is a tribute to the drive and entrepreneurial spirit of her people, and more particularly to the fundamental economic reforms she has pursued over the past several decades.
• 4) 护一片绿叶，献一份爱心。 • A little turf of grass grows with the care of everyone. • 5) 文明城市 • Model city of social development
• 6) 有文化、懂技术、会经营的新型 农民 • a new type of farmer with basic education and some knowledge of farming and business
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新词或流行词 talk show 脱口秀 copy 拷贝 mini 迷你 cool 酷 punk 朋克 e-mail 伊妹尔 bikini: 比基尼
• 形译 • 形译法（pictography）是用英语常 用字母的形象来为形状相似的物体 外形定名。翻译时应选用近似这种 字母形状的汉字或译成其相近的形 象。形译法的主要特点是形象生动， 容易接受和了解。常用的形译法主 要有下列三种情况：
• 所谓直译, 就是既保持原文内容、 又保持原文形式的翻译方法。 译文的语言（或目的语）与原 文的语言（或源语）常常拥有 相同的表达形式来体现同样的 内容，并能产生同样的效果。
• 1) For the international community, the most striking consequence of these changes is that China has grown rapidly to be the world’s sixth largest economy, and is set to grow further.
• Literal translation strives to reproduce both the ideological content and style of the entire literary work and retain as much as possible the figures of speech and such main sentence structures or patterns as SV, SVO, SVC, SVA, SVOO, SVOC and SVOA.
• 8) 最绿，最密的叶子是草的叶 子 • The greenest andLeabharlann Baidumost plentiful leaves are the leaves of grasses.
• 9) 每种语言都有特点，这些特点 是在使用中形成的，不论正确与 否，都得遵守。 • Every language has its peculiarities, which are established by usage, and whether right or wrong, they must be complied with.
• 直译和意译 • 直译与意译是翻译中最常见的 问题，也是最主要的两种翻译 方法。
• Literal translation takes sentences as its basic units and the whole text into consideration at the same time in the course of translating.
• 3) A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps, for there is a companionship of books as well as of men.
• 4) If you run after two hares, you will catch neither. • 5) To save time is to lengthen life. • 6) Wit without learning is like a tree without fruit.
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姓名和地名的音译 Peter Newmark 皮特· 纽马 克 Darwin 达尔文 Congo 刚果 Boston 波士顿 Edinburgh 爱丁堡
• 毛泽东 Mao Zedong • 李白 Li Bai • 哈尔滨 Harbin • 乌鲁木齐 Urumchi
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• 意译（Free /liberal Translation） • (Free /liberal translation may be defined as a supplementary means to mainly convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to reproduce its sentence patterns or figures of speech.)
• 一、选择使用与英语字母近似的 汉语进行翻译： • T square • 丁字尺 • I-column • 工字柱 • T－plate • 丁字板
• T－bandage • 丁字形绷带 • I －iron • 工字铁 • Z－bar • 乙字钢 • Z－beam • 乙字梁
• 二、保留原英文字母不译， 另一部分意译成汉语，有时 可以在该字母后加“形”字， 这种译法更常见和普遍，而 且非常形象生动：