交通拥挤的经济学分析

2017 年上（下）半年申请学士学位毕业设计（论文）封面

学生姓名：

论文题目：交通拥挤的经济学分析

教学单位：高等教育自学考试办公室

河南科技大学继续教育学院

2016年12月

摘要

随着我国国民经济的飞速发展，私家车也越来越普及，成为城市居民出行的首选交通工具。近年来，虽然我国加强了对交通运输业的重视，不断加大对交通基础设施的投入，但是由于土地资源、总的资金额和城市规划不能满足人们对道路日益增加的需求等方面原因，交通拥挤出现在越来越多的城市，越来越多的道路。本文运用经济学模型分析造成交通拥挤的原因以及产生的社会成本，吸收国内外经验，提出一些缓解城市交通拥堵的措施。

全文共分为五大部分，第一部分首现结合我国的实际情况，分析了目前我国各地交通拥挤现象的普遍性。说明提出此问题的背景和研究该问题的必要性。第二部分，总结国内外关于道路拥挤现象的文献。第三部分，从经济学角度分析了道路交通的特点及性质。第四部分详细分析了出现道路拥挤的原因和衍生的问题。

分析结果显示，造成道路拥挤的主要原因和衍生的问题有五方面：第一，人口增多；第二，供给方面；第三，个人选择与社会选择不同；第四，供需不均衡；第五，个人成本与社会成本不同；第六，交通拥挤的衍生问题。最后，论文的第五部分综合了现状和原因，提出了解决上述问题的措施。主要包括：第一，解决人口剧增对交通的压力；第二，控制道路上的车辆数量；第三，规范公共交通工具的运行；第四，合理利用资源。

关键词：交通拥挤，经济学角度，博弈论，外部性，公共性

ABSTRACT

With the rapid development of the national economy, and private cars are also becoming more and more popular, urban residents ' preferred means of transport. In recent years, the increasing supply of road resources, but due to the limitation of capital, land and space, urban road construction and development lagged far behind the urban traffic, and consequences of the imbalances between supply and demand is in serious traffic congestion. Using economic models analysis of traffic congestion caused by reasons as well as the social costs, compare abroad, put forward some measures to ease traffic congestion.

The text is divided into five parts, the first part of the first combined with the actual situation of our country and analysis of the universality of the present traffic congestion all over the country. Note the background of this issue and the need to study the issue. The second part, summarized the literature on road congestion, proposed the definition of road congestion. The third part, the characteristics of road traffic is analyzed from the perspective of Economics and nature. Chapter four analyzes the cause of road congestion and the problems arising.

Analysis results show that the main reasons contributing to road congestion and the problems arising from five aspects: first, population growth and, secondly, the supply side; a third, different personal choices and social choice; IV, imbalances of supply and demand; v, derived from the problem of heavy traffic. Finally, the fifth part synthesizes the current situation and reasons, proposed measures to address these issues. Includes: first, the surge in population pressures on traffic; the second, controlling the number of vehicles on the road; and, third, regulating the operation of public transport.

KEYWORDS: traffic, economics, game theory, externalities, public sex