上海高考英语语法填空解题点拨
上海英语高考语法填空题新题型解题技巧 (对外版)
来看，我们能大致得出以下几个结论，供参考：
连贯性。如果从英语写作来理解，
一般涉及两个方面。一是指代词
等的运用。一般在文中以同义词、反义词或代词重复关键词能使整个篇章的语意连贯流畅。因此 第一个考点就是代词等的运用。第二是指关联词语的运用。关联词语的使用是语言的书面表达中 最主要的衔接手段。这里的关联词语包括以下几类：fuck myself? 表并列、递进： 表举例： 表重复： 表对比： 表因果： 表让步： 表强调： 表顺序： 表态度： 表总结：
当然这一
本身就存在很多问题。一来既然有 、 两篇，就应该写作 ？我们以前做的同类型题目大都是选词填 很明显是动词的时态语态或非谓语与谓语
，而不应使用单数。第二，什么叫 空练习，且给的词大多是动词，因此所谓的
等的变化。但现行高考的语法填空题还可能给形容词或副词，那就会牵扯出很多问题。从我们的 模拟题的结果来看也是如此。由于空格中的词没有给词性，部分动词又可以作名词，因此会闹出 许多不同的答案。另外，学生也有疑问：利用构词法进行词性的转变是否算 外，形容词、副词还有反义词，这算是 问题：
P.F. Productions 2014 届上海英语高考备考组 制作 3 / 29
若结合语法的基本考查点，这一 连词是两者中最重要的一个考查点。 ②
考查的主要是各类包含逻辑含义的连词、副词等。当然
这涉及的范围更广，包含了以前语法选择题所涉及的所有内容，还可能增加冠词、主谓一致 等多年未正式出现在语法选择题中的语法知识点。 zhucanqi@ 含关键词的空格 高考 都是严格规范的，所以既然 说的是 ，那么一般情况下， 只能给一个关键词。并且相对于不含关键词的空格， 结构，字数一般较多。但在这一版的 其框定一下。 不含关键词的空格 相对于含关键词的空格，不含关键词的空格已有更为明确的字数要求—— 空只能填写一个单词。这样限定字数是有道理的，因为诸如定冠词 规定。 另外，不含关键词的空格，主要考查的是从句连词、介词、冠词等内容。既然每个空格内有 且只能有一个单词，是否意味着诸如 会考查，零冠词可以完全排除？这都必须等新题型有真题后才能判断。 下面将根据空格是否带有关键词分类讲述解题技巧。解题技巧也会根据不同知识点，从篇章 层面和语法层面讲述需要注意的地方。 三、 含关键词的空格解题技巧 概述 含关键词的空格一般涉及 、形容词或副词。如前所述，由于中心组没有明确说是否动词 ，这是我们也始料不及的。其实 可以改变词性，因此建议还是不要改变动词词性。另外，我们的调研还发现一些考生会将一些词 汇的词性弄混淆，主要是将动词认为是名词，例如 主，很少会是名词。 动词 动词（包括动词词组，后同）作为一种重要的词类，在中学英语教育中有着举足轻重的地位， 语法填空题中自然也缺不了它。需注意动词的以下几方面内容。 ①谓语动词 非谓语动词 作动词、名词时含义完全不同，只需根据上下文很快就能判断出来，况且关键词一般是以动词为 等“多词”连词就不 ，即每 形 也可替换成不定冠词 没有对含关键词的空格填空限定字 一词，建议还是应对
2024上海高考英语语法填空解题方法技巧及试题解读
►专题32上海高考语法填空命题剖析及解题方略_______________________________________________________________________________ __________考点精讲【考情链接】上海高考英语语法填空题是全面检测学生语法在篇章中综合运用能力，能更科学地反应学生的英语语法知识的综合程度。
上海历年高考英语语法高频考察点主要有：时态、语态、谓语与非谓语动词、倒装、连词、三大从句、特殊句式、词组及固定搭配等。
本题型分两种情形：一种为已给单词提示；一种为不给单词提示。
值得注意的是近年试题中出现一些平常我们在一模二模中不常考到而被忽视的语法点。
【要点梳理】（一）语法填空考点状语从句强调句并列连词并列句判断上下句之间的逻辑关系（二）语法填空考点详解1、有提示词1）形容词/副词括号中给出形容词或副词，考查其原级比较级最高级。
注意比较级有+er的，加more 的，还有加less的，加the least的。
【考题练习】1.Disney says zootopia is its(30)__________(complex)animation yet.The extra effort iscertainly paying off at the box office.2.This is not the first time scientists have tried to solve this problem.But methods they tried inthe past led to band-aids that were(39)_____(sticky)and therefore didn’t stay on for long. 3.The smoke grew___26____(thick)and I could see fire all around.The floor became hotunder my bare feet.I found an open door and ran into a room to get to the window.【Keys】most complex less sticky thicker2）动词谓语动词：看句子有没有连词，若无连词，则要有1个谓语动词，有1个连词，则句子应该有2个谓语动词，2个连词应该有3个谓语动词，若缺少则所给动词就是谓语动词；此时前看看，后看看确定时态和语态。
复习专题一：语法填空讲义 2022届上海市高考英语复习
2022届上海高考英语专题复习专题一：语法填空【情况概述】1个答题10个小题共10分包括有提示词与无提示词两种空格1小题可以有2-3个空格有提示词：一般为形容词、动词无提示词：一般为代词、介词、冠词、连词等注意：不能进行词性转化【答题内容】一、无提示词一横线填空1.介词：about, above, across, after, against, around, as, behind, despite, off, on, since, through, toward, underneath, unlike, until, with, within, into, given2.关系代词/关系副词（定语从句）关系代词：who, that, which, whom, whose关系副词：where, when, why注意：大多数that/which通用，但是当先行词是不定代词、被序数词或形容词最高级修饰、或被all,any,little,no,some等词修饰时，只能用that，非限制定语从句只能用which，所以尽量填that.3.连接代词和从属连词连接代词：who, whoever, whoever, whomever, whatever从属连词：how, if, whether, when, whenever, where, why, although, until, after, because, since, unless, lest ,once, provided/providing4.并列连词和关联连词并列连词：for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so关联连词：both…and, either…or, neither…nor, whether…or, not…but5.情态动词、代词、助动词、冠词二、无提示词量二横线填空1.短语介词：as for/ as to, out of, because of, except for, rather than, according to, instead of, apart from, such as, next to2.情态动词：have to, ought to, used to3.代词：the other, each other, one another4.连词：rather than, not only…but also… as though, as if, even though, in case, in that三、无提示词三条横线1. 短语介词：as well as, in addition to, in spite of, as far as, on behalf of2. 从属连词：as soon as, as long as, in order to(that)四、有提示词1.形容词或副词：比较级/最高级2.动词：谓语/非谓语+时态+主被动【解题技巧】1.熟悉词组搭配、理清逻辑关系2.熟知句法，理解句子之间的关系3.辨别清楚空格后是从句还是短语4.熟记各种形容词的比较级与最高级；各种动词的过去式、现在分词。
上海高考英语语法填空解题指导
语法填空题常用词不给关键词的情况：有几个空格只能填几个单词1. 冠词 a , an , the2. 介词：(一个词的) in , on , at , about, of, with, without, for, by , over, under , below , above , after, before, until , since , like , through, across, as , besides, despite , except , beyond（2-3个词的）because of=due to= thanks to=owing to= on account of=as a result of , in spite of , instead of=rather than ，regardless of , apart from, except for，apart from, such as, according to, in addition to , as well as 等3. 不定代词something , anything , those , another , both, all, one , ones, the other , others, each, either , neither,人称代词I, you , he , she , it, we, you , they , him, her, it , us , you, them 等物主代词my, mine, your ,yours, his , her , hers , theirs 等反身代词oneself , myself, yourself, himself 等4. 并列连词and, but , while（”然而”放两句话中间表示两个事物对比），or , otherwise , so , for ，either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also …5. 状语从句连词时间状语从句连词when , whenever , while , as , before , after , since , until , till, not …until…, every time , each time, the first time , the last time, by the time…, the moment , as soon as , hardly/ scarcely/ barely …when… , no sooner… than….条件状语从句if，unless, once, as long as , as far as地点状语从句where , wherever原因状语从句because , as , since= now that结果状语从句so that, so…that…., such…that …目的状语从句so that , in order that , in case让步状语从句thought , although , even though , even if , while , as , whether …or…, however = no matter how , whatever = no matter what方式状语从句as , just as , as if = as though比较状语从句也就是各种形容词副词原级，比较级和最高级的句型6. 定语从句连词关系代词：which , that ,who , whom , whose , as关系副词: when, where , why也可能是：介词+which 结构引导7. 名词性从句连词that , if/ whether , 及所有wh-8. 情态动词can , could , should, may, might , must , need , ought to , have to, used to9. 强调句It is… that…./ It was…that….10. it 做形式主语或者形式宾语11. 倒装句（部分倒装或者完全倒装，只有考倒装句语法的时候，才有可能在空格中单独填写助动词）给关键词的分两种情况：空格里的字数不受限制1. 括号里给动词，先考虑是不是做句子的谓语。
2023届上海市高三英语语法填空复习难题
2023届上海高三语法填空复习难题复附&华二联考（2022年11月）-语法填空Nobel Prize in Physics Is Awarded to 3 Scientists for Work in Quantum TechnologyThe Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser and Anton Zeilinger on T uesday for work that has “laid the foundation for a new era of technology,” the Nobel Committee for Physics said.The scientists have each conducted “experiments using quantum states, (21)____________ two behave like a single unit (22)___________ _________they are separated,” the committee said in a briefing. Their results, it said, for “new technology based upon quantum information.”The ’ research builds on the work of John Stewart Bell, a physicist who to the question of whether particles, (23)_____________ (flow) too far apart for there to be normal communication between them, (24)_____________still function .Eva Olsson, (25)___________ member of the Nobel Committee for Physics, noted that quantum information science had broad in areas like secure information transfer and quantum computing.Quantum information science is a “vibrant and rapidly developing field,”she said.”Its predictions have opened doors to another world,and it has also shaken the very foundation of (26)___________we interpret measurements.”The Nobel committee said the three scientists were being honored for their experiments with entangled photons(光子）, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science.“Being able to and manage quantum states and all their layers of properties (27)__________ (give) us access to tools with unexpected potential,” the committee said in a statement on Twitter.Dr. Zeilinger described the award as “ an encouragement to young people.”“The prize would not be possible (28)_____________more than 100 young people who worked with me over the years,”and made all this possible,” he said of the work that the award recognized. “My advice would be: Do what you find interesting, and don’t care too much about possible applications.”It was the second of several such prizes (29)_____________(award)over the coming week. The Nobels, among the highest honors in science, recognize groundbreaking contributions in a variety of fields.“I’m still kind of shocked, but it’s a very positive shock,” Dr. Zeilinger said of receiving the phone call (30)_____________(inform) him of the news.答案：21. where 22. even though/even if 23.having flown 24.can 25.a26.how 27.gives 28.without 29. to be awarded rming二、华师大二附中2022-2023学年高三英语测试-语法填空Sunscreen RecallThe burning heat of summer has us all reaching for sunscreens.But before you apply thatproduct to your skin,first to see if it is part of a voluntary recall by sunscreen brands Neutrogena and Aveeno.The companies recently pulled several sunscreens from market shelves after independenttesting had found they were contaminated (污染)with a cancer-chemical called benzene(苯).Benzene is a natural component of crude oil, gasoline and cigarette smoke. At room temperature, it is a colorless or light yellow liquid with a sweet odor.And while it evaporatesquickly, it is air and can sink into low-lying areas.“Exposureincreases the risk of developing leukemia and other blood disorders,” according to the National Cancer Institute.was not an ingredient in any of the sunscreens so experts suspect that contamination occurred during the manufacturing process.“It could be that some of those ingredient chemicals break down into benzene”said Scott Faber, the senior vice president of government affairs for the Environmental Working Group(EWG),But it’s very alarming,especially since the FDA does not require companies to testingredients for it require testing for such chemicals at a finished product stage.Consumers should stop using these specific products and appropriatelythrow them away. There is not a safe level of benzene that in sunscreen products.The vast majority of tested sunscreens, however,were free of benzene and experts stress theimportance of sunscreen use skin from the aging and cancerous effects of the sun.“It is not a reason to stop using sun protection, known to prevent skin cancer. To do so would be like hearing a particular car model was recalled and thento drive again,” dermatologist(皮肤病专家) Dr. Ranella Hirsch posted on Instagram.答案：21.check 22. causing 23. heavier 24. to 25.how26.nor 27. can 28. to protect 29.which 30.deciding三、向明中学高三月考Switzerland,15 September 2022 To my tennis family and beyond,Of all the gifts that tennis has given me over the years, the greatest, without a doubt, has been the people I’ve met along the way: my friends, my competitors, and most of all the fans who give the sport its life. Today, I want to share some news with all of you.As many of you know, the past three years present) me with challenges in the form of injuries and surgeries. I’ve worked hard to return to full competitive form. But I also know my body’s capacities and limits, and its message to me lately has been clear. I am 41 years old. I have played more than 1500 matches over 24 years. Tennis has treated me generously) than I ever would have dreamt, and now I must recognize when it is time to end my competitive career.The Laver Cup next week in London will be my final ATP event. I will play more tennis in the future, of course, but just not in Grand Slams or on the tour.This is a bittersweet decision, because I will miss everything the tour has given me. But at the same time, there is so much to celebrate. I consider myself one of the most fortunate people on Earth. I was given a special talent to play tennis, and I did it at a level that I never imagined, for much longer than I ever thought possible.I would like to especially thank my amazing wife Mirka, who has lived through every minute with me. She has warmed me up before finals, watch) countless matches even while over 8-months pregnant, and has endured my goofy side on the road with my team for over 20 years. I also want to thank my four wonderful children for supporting me, always eager to explorenew places and creating wonderful memories along the way. my family cheering me on from the stands is a feeling I will cherish forever.I would also like to thank and recognize my loving parents and my dear sister,withoutalways guided me in the right direction…you have been wonderful! And to Swiss Tennis, who believed in me as a young player and gave me an ideal start.I really want to thank and acknowledge my amazing team, Ivan, Dani, Roland, and particularly Seve and Pierre, who have given me the best advice and have always been there for me. Also Tony, for creatively managing my business for over 17 years. You are all incredible and I have loved every minute with you.I want to thank my loyal sponsors, who are really partners to me; and the hard-working teams and tournaments on the ATP Tour, who consistently welcomed all of us with kindness and hospitality.I would also like to thank my competitors on the court. I was lucky enough to play so many epic matches that I will never forget. We battled fairly, with passion and intensity, and I always tried my best to respect the history of the game. I feel extremely grateful. We pushed each other, and together we took tennis to new levels.Above all I offer a special thank you to my unbelievable fans. You will neverknow strength and belief you have given me. The inspiring feeling of walking into full stadiums and arenas has been one of the huge thrills in my life. Without you,those successes would have felt lonely, rather than filled with joy and energy.The last 24 years on tour have been an incredible adventure. While it sometimes feels like it went by in 24 hours, it has also been so deep and magical that it seems as if I’ve already lived a full lifetime. I have had the immense fortune to play in front of you in over 40 different countries.I have laughed and cried, felt joy and pain, and most of all I have felt incredibly alive. Through my travels, I have met many wonderful people who will remain friends for life, who consistently took time out of their busy schedules to come watch me play and cheer me on around the globe. Thank you.watch the players with a sense of wonder. They were like giants to me and I began to dream. My dreams led me to work harder and I started to believe in myself. Some success brought me confidence and I was on my way to the most amazing journey that has led to this day.So, I want to thank you all from the bottom of my heart, to everyone around the world whohas helped make the dreams of a young Swiss ball kidFinally, to the game of tennis: I love you and will never leave you.Roger Federer答案：21.have presented 22.more generously 23.watched 24.Seeing 25.without whom26.like 27.must 28.how much 29. When e。
上海高考英语语法填空解题技巧
上海高考英语语法填空解题技巧在上海高考英语考试中，语法填空题通常会占据比较大的分值。
因此，认真准确地完成语法填空题能够有效地提高考生的英语成绩。
然而，这类题目因为其对语法知识的考查和灵活运用所涉及的难度较高，即使是一些高分考生也可能因为不完全掌握技巧而失分。
为此，本篇文章将针对上海高考英语语法填空解题技巧进行详细的介绍。
首先，正确理解文章意思前往语法填空题的考试情景中，每个选项都对应于文章或段落中的一个空缺处。
因此，正确理解文章的意思是解答语法填空题所必须的基本前提。
考生需要精读整篇文章或段落，把握其主旨和基本含义，从而能够正确地辨认所需填充的语法部分，排除不必要的选项。
其次，掌握第一、二语法规则在解答语法填空的过程中，主要使用的是第一和第二语法规则。
这两个语法规则的应用范围非常广泛，掌握它们对于正确选出选项至关重要。
第一语法规则是指词类匹配，主要是指名词、动词、形容词的搭配。
这里我们以名词为例。
在语法填空中，名词的考察重点在于选项和文章间是否有一定的逻辑关系。
这个逻辑关系往往是指具有一定同义或反义的词类之间的匹配关系。
例如，文章中提到了“the ocean”，那么选项中的“sea”就是一个正确的选项。
第二语法规则则是指句子成分、时态和语法语境。
在语法填空中，动词时态和语态的考察占据了很大的比重。
除此之外，考生还需要关注不同形式的词汇所产生的句子成分的不同的影响。
第三，注意选项之间的区别在语法填空题目中，考生常常会遇到相似的选项，这需要选手在选项上进行深度的比较和分析。
首先，选项中的逻辑关系与文章中的语义关系是否一致，其次，选项中的单词用法是否合理，是否符合上下文推理。
如果考生能够注意到这些问题，并将其正确地运用到解答过程中，那么就能够有效地筛选出正确的选项。
第四，保持心态平稳、有效地使用时间语法填空题目的难点和复杂性常常会导致考生在考试过程中精神紧张和慌乱，从而影响解答准确率。
因此，保持心态平稳是解答语法填空的关键所在。
上海高中英语：语法填空解题思路与语法框架梳理
上海高中英语：语法填空解题思路与语法框架梳理1. 冠词a/an/the1.1 考频：0-11.2 识别：横线在名词前面（名词前无限定词——冠词/形容词性物主代词/数词）2. 代词2.1 考频：12.2 识别：（能填名词，就考代词）横线在动词先后、介词后2.3 考法人称代词：he / I / you ...物主代词：my / mine / our / ours ...相互代词：each other / one another （两空代词）指示代词：that / those / it ...反身代词：oneself不定代词：something / nobody / one / ones / others / the other / all / both / some / none / neither ....【代词优先考虑oneself等反身代词和something/nobody等不定代词】3. 介词3.1 考频：13.2 识别：① 动词/形容词后① 名词前后3.3 考法：① 考搭配（自己积累）① 考逻辑➢前后相对/相反：despite = in spite of 尽管有/ without 没有/ against 对抗、映衬e.g. _____ the severe virus↓, he went to his girlfriends’ houses↑.（despite/without都行）➢前后时间关系：before / after➢前后是因果关系：due to / thanks to多亏了/ as a result of 因为➢前后是举例逻辑：like / unlike / such as➢前后对等：as 作为➢后面有多个对象：between / amonge.g. between A and B / among A, B, and C / between each layer（层）4. 动词4.1 考频：4-5谓语动词：1-3（主被动都会考到、时态往往不一样）非谓语动词：2-3（doing / done / to do）4.2 识别：____ (do)4.3 考法：① 谓语动词关注3样东西：时态，语态（主被动），主谓一致（单复数）语态（主被动）→ 根据含义、根据语法-及物动词必须后面直接跟名词才能主动，否则被动.He kissed a pig.√He kidssed.×→He ____ (kiss) in the morning on the tree. 被动-不及物动词，没被动.主谓一致（单复数）→ 找到主语是什么① 非谓语答案之表非谓语作名词的常见结构：看到“___ (do) ... 谓语| 介词___ (do) | one’s ___ (do) ”→ 就填：doing / being done(非谓语的固定用法，自己积累)5. 情态动词5.1考频：0-15.2识别：横线在动词原形前5.3考点：① 能填什么：should / must / can / could / may / might / have to类/ ought to① 常考：can be有时会might as well do不妨做may well be很可能是may well do完全可以做e.g Boys’ behavior can be hard to understand. （肯定语气，有时发生）6. 形容词/副词6.1 考频：16.3 考点：四种变化：more / less / most / least / 不变7. 定语从句7.1 考频：17.2 识别：名词后面优先考虑定从① 没有逗号，名词后面优先考虑定从。
上海高考英语-语法填空题解题技巧
[例4] …the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to__35_small town some 20 kilometres away where there was a garage.
学科老师辅导讲义
学员姓名： 年 级： 高三 辅导科目：英语 学科教师：
授课日期
授课时段
授课主题
语法填空题解题技巧
教学内容
课前回顾
知识梳理
知识点1：新题型技巧讲解
语法填空高频考点与高分技巧
(1)按该题2014高考课改考纲要求考试规律，“纯空格题”仅考冠词、介词、代词和连接词以及功能性结构副词等四类词；“用括号中所给词的适当形式填空”考了谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较等级等。
2…the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometres away ________there was a garage.
3. It is such an important issue ______ we couldn’t afford to ignore.
答题思路：
(1)纯空格试题。首先，分析句子结构确定填哪类词。然后，根据句子的意思，确定具体填什么词；根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。
我们知道，语法填空空格在形式上主要有二种类型：
上海高考英语语法填空教学指导(PPT)-【高频考点解密】2023年高考英语二轮复习(上海专用)全文
3. The young student did all that he could to__p_a_s_s_ (pass) the examinations.
注意 ：作目的状语或者在固定结构中，一 般用to do形式。
4. He saw the stone, _s_a_y_in_g_(say) to himself: “I have to move it by myself.”
考虑它与其逻辑主语之间 的关系。
Effective leadership is one of the most important components of good teamwork. The team’s leader should possess the skills _____ (create) and preserve a positive _____(work) environment and motivate and inspire the team members to take a positive approach to work and be highly committed. An effective team leader _______ (promote) a high level of spirit and make them feel _____ (value).
上海高中辅导班高三英语语法填空专题训练及解题技巧
上海高中辅导班高三英语语法填空专题训练及解题技巧上海高中英语语法填空专练练及解题技巧解“语法填空”题的一般步骤是：一、浏览全文把握语篇浏览全文的目的是把握其大意，为下一步“填空”做好“语义”上的准备，因为“语义”决定着空白处应填一个什么意思的词语并采用什么样的语法形式。
在通读全文的过程中，为较好地把握其大意，很有必要弄清该文的体裁、题材（语题）、中心思想、写作主线、段落大意、段落层次等。
这些有利于考生真正读懂全文大意，也有利于在“填空”时进行必要的逻辑推理。
二、边读边填先易后难在通读全文，基本了解文章大意之后，就可以动手填空了。
填空的过程是一个判断空白处应填词语的“语义”（已给出词语的除外）和正确的语法“形式”的思维过程。
遇到一时想不起来的空，先跳过去，等检查时再仔细对付，不要用太多的时间停留在一个单词上。
三、验证复查清除难点有时间的话，进行复查是必要的。
复查的方法是：将所有答案“填进”短文并进行通读，以最后确定答案。
另外，一题多解也是此种题型常遇到的问题之一。
技巧指导语法填空是近年来高考英语科新推出的一种题型，这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法，甚至是句法上的运用能力，能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平。
本题型分两种情况：一种为已给单词提示，一种为不给单词提示。
本人就这两种情况进行了深入的研究，总结出十三条语法填空的解题技巧。
一、已给单词提示题型的技巧此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。
单词形式变化主要有两种，一是词的形、数、式的变化，一是词的派生变化。
在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题，看是否需要使用复合的变化形式，这一点是很重要的。
技巧一：名词形式变化。
名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。
例1：There are many students living at school, the＿＿(child)houses are all far from school. 由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式——复数的所有格ehildren＇s。
上海高考英语语法填空解题技巧(2)精选
上海高考英语语法填空解题技巧(2)2014上海高考英语学科改革，推出语法填空新题型．这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法，甚至是句法上的运用能力，能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平.本题型分两种情况：一种为已给单词提示，一种为不给单词提示.本人就这种题型进行了分析，总结出十条语法填空的解题技巧.一、已给单词提示题型的技巧：此类题可以考查学生对代词、动词、形容词等形式变化的掌握程度.技巧一：动词形式变化.动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气、情态动词)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词).学生复习时需要花一定的功夫对动词部分的语法知识进行一次全面复习.例1：A talk (give)tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang．句中的is是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语.从tomorrow可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——to be given.考点聚焦知识体系：时态：考纲要求的11种时态谓语动词语态：主动语态和被动语态 be+过去分词动词情态动词动词不定式一般式、进行式、完成式主动与被动非谓语动词动名词一般式、完成式主动与被动现在分词一般式、完成式主动与被动分词过去分词技巧二：代词形式变化.代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词.另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no one／none、other／another等.例2：The king decided to see the painter by (he)．由介词by可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself.考点聚焦知识体系1.人称代词第一人称第二人称第三人称主格I we you you he she it they宾格me us you you him her it themmy our your your his her its their所有格形容词性名词性mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs反身代词myself ourself yourself yourselves himself herself itself themselves 其它类介词的考查方法是不给提示词的.如.指示代词：this that these those such same不定代词：some any each every one none no one few a few little a little all both other another others neither either 等疑问代词：what which who whom whose 等，用于特殊疑问句连接代词和关系代词是考主从复合句的连接关系，应根据主从复合句的关系确定选用.技巧三：形容词、副词比较级变化.英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化.构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀一er和．est，或在词加more／less和most／least，且形容词的绝对最高级还要冠以the.例3：I am (tall)than Liu Wen．He is the tallest students in my class．此题后句交代了Liu Wen是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”.考点聚焦知识体系：原级构成比较级（在形容词或副词后加er或在前面加more）注意不规则变化最高级（在形容词或副词后加est或在前面加most）形容词副词比较等级同级比较比较级基本句型最高级其它特殊用法二、未给单词提示题型的技巧：此类题难度较大，但也是有方法对付的.技巧四：固定短语结构.根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语.例4：The children were playing on the ground，enjoying____，dirty but happy．从句中的happy可以猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enjoy oneself短语，故其答案为themselves.例5：His boss was____angry as to fire him．如果“跳过”横线后面的angry，就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语so... as to，所以，so是正解.技巧五：从句引导词.从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度.例6：He did not do_____his father had asked him to do．审题可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引导词，此引导词在从句中充当宾语，且指物，所以是what.例7：Those_____want to go to the village must sign here．经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步观察可知先行词为those，且指人，所以只能填入who.考点聚焦知识体系（本知识体系也适用于技巧八）肯定陈述句一般问句否定特殊问句疑问句1.简单句反义问句选择问句do祈使句 don’t thatlet 连词What whether, as if, as though感叹句 becausehow 连接代词 what，who whom whose 连接词 which how many/much2.并列句并列连词 no matter+wh-等句子连接副词 when where why how -ever 名词性从句 no matter+wh- 等主语从句表语从句种类宾语从句同位语从句先行词关系代词that which who whim whose 3.从句 As 等关系词定语从句关系副词 when where why限制性种类非限制性表时间表原因表地点表条件状语从句表目的表结果表让步表方式表比较技巧六：短语介词结构.短语介词即多个词的组合起介词作用的短语，如：except for，due to等.例10：Mr Smith took a plane to London ____ of taking a train．此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐……而不是坐……”的意思，故答案为instead，以构成介词短语instead of.例11：Just then，he saw a blackboard in_____ of him．细心观察，可以看出填人fr0nt即可构成in front of，此题得解.技巧七：连词、关联短语结构.常用的连词有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的关联短语有both……and，either……or，neither……nor，not only……but also等.例12：Little Wang Jun could not go to school，_____his family was too poor．此处表示原因，引导的分句其实是一种解释说明，不是必然的因果关系，且前面有逗号隔开，所以填for.例13：____ Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre．横线处的词与后面可以构成both...and，故答案为Both.技巧八：冠词、介词和常用的副词.冠词只能是在a，an，the之间判断；常用的介词有in，at，on，before，during等，通常考查固定搭配；副词的量还是比较多，如：however，never，yet，much 等，但一般不会考查．ly形式的方式副词.例14：Jackie likes to drive at____ high speed．这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，答案为a，构成at a high speed，“以高速”开车.例15：Old Tom’s grand·daughter used to visit him _____ Saturday afternoons．Saturday afternoons是指定的某天下午，所以不用介词in，而用on才是正解.例16：Though Liu Qiang did the same work ____ Zhang Wen did，he got a lower pay ______ Zhang Wen．第一条横线可由前面的the same断出用as，第二条横线则可由lower断出比较意义，故答案为than.例27：It was only one day left , _____ ，his father had no idea to answer him．观察上下句，可以看出是转折关系，且横线与前后用逗号隔开，排除but，所以答案是however.语法填空作为一种新颖的题型，能全面地考查学生的英语综合应用能力.上述十条技巧概括了此题型的多数考查方向，在高考备考复习中能起到很好的加强作用，真正做到事半功倍，较大地提高学生在此题型上的得分率.2014高考英语新题型–语法填空高频考点与高分技巧(1)按该题2014高考课改考纲要求及已考该题型省份（广东卷）7年的考试规律，“纯空格题”仅考冠词、介词、代词和连接词以及功能性结构副词等四类词；“用括号中所给词的适当形式填空”考了谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较等级等.(2)介词、连接词、动词每年会有两道小题，是考查的重点，也是复习训练的重点.(3)冠词：考查不定冠词的最基本的用法，表示“一个(次/本…)”，这无疑是复习和训练的重点，但也要关注不定冠词的其他用法，同时注意定冠词的基本用法.(4)代词：主要考查了在句中作宾语的人称代词宾语、只能在名词前作定语的形容词性物主代词、it的用法和不定代词.备考中，除重点关注已考的热点外，也不要忽视反身代词和疑问代词.(5)连接词：考查了引导宾语从句的连接代词who、引导同位语从句的that、引导定语从句的关系副词where(三年考了两年)、表示转折的并列连词but，这些仍是复习的重点；备考中，要训练名词性从句：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句；状语从句、定语从句的连接词.如何判断名词性从句？规律：可以从从句所处的位置判断是主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句还是表语从句.注意：名词性从句中如果缺少主语、宾语或表语时常填 what; (whatever) ; who (whoever)(6)动词：时态重点考查一般过去时和一般现在时，也要留意一般将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时等各种时态.语态只考查了一般过去时的被动语态，一般现在时和一般将来时的被动语态值得重视.非谓语动词重复考的是不定式作状语，过去分词、动词-ing形式.答案特点：(1)纯空格题：试题要求中已明文规定“在空格处填入一个适当的词”，即一个小题或者一个空格只能填一个单词.已先行考试的广东卷7年高考题的答案印证了这一点.(2)用括号中所给词的适当形式填空：试题中要求“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”，这个词的“正确形式”，不可以出现所给词以外的其它词.究竟由几个单词组成？没有规定，高考题的答案是填一个或两个单词.若需填两个单词，一个是不定式，一个是被动语态.(3)要求填的词(即答案)都是一些拼写简单的单词，平均每词约4-6个字母.(4)若所填词位于句首，第一个字母要注意大写.特别提醒：“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”的答案只填一个或两个单词，但是我们在平时的训练中应当不局限于此，要训练填一个、两个或多个单词的情况.非谓语动词中，带to的不定式、现在分词的完成式都可能填两个单词；谓语动词的将来时、进行时和完成时等也都可能填两个单词，而现在完成进行时等就可能填三个单词，被动语态至少都要填两个单词.答题思路：(1)纯空格试题.首先，分析句子结构确定填哪类词.然后，根据句子的意思，确定具体填什么词；根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词.我们知道，语法填空空格在形式上主要有二种类型：(1)纯空格题（无提示词）：通常考——冠词、代词(形容词性物主代词、人称代词、不定代词、指示代词、反身代词 )、介词、和连词、从句引导词.(2)用括号中所给词填空：通常考——谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致、.非谓语动词、词类转换等.两个分句结构连接,考查语法点: 各类复合句中连词,引导词的用法.1.…The exam, ________was originally to be held in our class room, was changed to the library at the last minute. 2…the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometres away________there was a garage.3. It is such an important issue ______ we couldn’t af ford to ignore.4. We shouldn’t spend our money testing so many people, most of ________ are healthy.答案：which where as whom具体分析方法：（一）纯空格题1、缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词(多考代词).[例1] I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and __38_ gets there almost in a second.and连接前后两个句子，and后面的句子缺主语，应填名词或代词；结合前一分句，不难推知，“马上可到达那里”的是the message，替代the message用代词it.2、名词前是空格，若该名词前没有限定词，很可能是填冠词his, their等形容词性物主代词，或some, any, other(s), another等限定词.[例2] It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960—1279) was very anxious to help __33__ rice crop grow up quickly.名词rice crop前还没有限定词，应当填限定词；根据句意，这个急性子人当然是急于使“他的”禾苗长得快，故填形容词性物主代词his.[例3] The little boy pulled ___33___ right hand out of the pocket … （his）[例4] …the head o f the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to__35_ small town some 20 kilometres away where there was a garage.因单数可数名词town前还没有限定词，应填限定词；根据句意，是指将车拉到离那里大约有20公里远的一个小镇上去修理，表示“一个”，用不定冠词，故填a.3、名词或代词前面是空格，而该名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语，也不作动词的宾语时，很可能是填介词.[例因a guest在句中不作主语、表语、动词的宾语，前面一定是填介词，使其成为该介词的宾语；又由句意可知，他们“把我当作客人”来接待，表示“当作”，用介词as.4、若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词.[例6] …two worlddollars.因melted me和gave me两个动宾短语之间没有连词，一定是填连词；两者是并列关系，故填and.（考and的可能性较小）5、若两句(主谓关系算一个句子).[例因I wanted to…是一个句子，I was to return…也是一个句子，这两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填连词；根据句意和两句之间的逻辑关系，可知“参观这个城市的尽可能多的地方”应是在“返回广州”之前，故填before.[例9] He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, 37he felt very happy…因He was very tired…是一个句子，he felt very happy…也是一个句子，这两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填连词；根据句意和两句之间逻辑关系，可知“干了一整天活累极了”与“感到非常高兴”是转折关系，故填but.6、若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等).[例句中What is acceptable in one country是主语从句，空格后的be considered是谓语；因其中的be是原形，故空格处必定是填情态动词或助动词does(由语境可知是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数)；由句意及作者的语气可知，需填表示“可能”的情态动词may.[例11] He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he ___33___ bring home a regular salary.这是一个由but连接的并列句，由前一分句的谓语动词had是一般过去时可知，后一分句的谓语动词bring也应用一般过去时；可是，bring却用的是原形，既与语境的时态不符，也与主语he不一致，该句不是倒装句，因此，此处必定是填情态动词或表示强调的助动词did；由句意和作者的语气推测，应当填对谓语动词表示强调的助动词did(的确).7、若缺状语，一定是填副词(在纯空中考的可能性不大).8、由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词.还是that.味精)!(2)由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装的条件的only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had 等，还是填do, does, did等.[例13] __41__with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.由can you expect to…可知，这是倒装句，根据构成倒装的条件可知，应填副词only，因为“only +状语(with hard work)”放在句首，句子要用倒装.(3)由it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格处是否填it.由句式结构可知，to avoid…是真正的宾语，easy是宾补，空格处应填作形式宾语的it.(4)so /such…that…句型.[例16] This made the goat so jealous___34___it began plotting against (谋划对付) the donkey.由句式结构可知，这是so…that…句型，应填that.(5)more…than… (与其说……不如说……，比……更……)句型.[例17] Cynthia’s story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager careshe pays.由句式结构可知，这是more…than…句型，故填than.句意是与经理所给的报酬相比，雇员更铭记于心的是他的关心.(二)给出了动词的试题.1、动词不在主语或宾语的位置首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词.然后按以下两点进行思考.若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态.[例18] His fear of failure ____36____(keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon.walked away.虽然句中已有谓语动词declined，但由and walked可知，所填词与declined和walked是并列关系，所以也用一般过去式closed.[例20] In Logan, three people __38__ (take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. (梅州二模) 因主语three people与take是被动关系，即三个人被送进医院，故用被动语态；由were treated可知，要用一般过去时，故填were taken.若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词.若是非谓语动词就要确定用—ing形式、—ed形式，还是用不定式形式，确定的方法主要有：2、作主语或宾语，通常用—ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体的情况.[例21] …but it is not eno ugh only 35 (memorize) rules from a grammar book.因it是形式主语，后面用不定式作真正的主语，故填to memorize.[例22] __35__ (speak) out your inner feeling won’t make you feel ashamed, on the contrary…句中已有谓语won’t make，所以speak应为非谓语动词；谓语前面应为主语，作主语，表示一般情况，要用动名词短语，故填Speaking.3、作目的状语或者在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式.[例23e’ll have to work two more hours a day.因句中已有谓语will have to work，所以应为非谓语动词；因“(为了)按计划完成这项工程”是“我们每天不得不额外多工作两小时”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填.[例24] Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely ___33 (succeed). 因在形容词likely后作状语，要用动词不定式，故填to succeed.4、作伴随状语，常用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词，是被动关系，用过去分词.这样的题一般要特别注意空格前的逗号.[例25] He saw the stone, 37(say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.”句中已有谓语saw，所给动词与saw不是并列关系，应当是非谓语动词；又因He与say是主动关系，故填saying作伴随状语.[例26] The headmaster went into the lab, ___40___ (follow) by the foreign guests.句中已有谓语went，而follow又不是与之并列的，故为非谓语动词；又因the headmaster与follow是被动关系，故用过去分词作伴随状语.5、不论非谓语动词在句中作何种成分，若判断需要用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系用—ing形式，是被动关系用—ed形式.[例27] There will be a meeting, __40__ (start) later this year to review the film.[因句中已有谓语can help，所以learn应为非谓语动词；又因lesson与learn是被动关系，要用过去分词短语作定语，故填learned.点睛技巧：语法填空要求考生阅读一篇短文，然后按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求完成10道语法填空题.做题要求：一是在空格处填入适当的词；二是使用括号中词语的正确形式填空.1．语法填空的考查范围(1)语境测试(上下文)；(2)语法测试：动词、名词、代词、冠词、介词、固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级与最高级及构词法、倒装等.①动词：时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语动词等；②引导词：一些从句的使用，如定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句等；③形容词、副词、名词、动词之间的词型、词性转换，形容词与副词的比较级、最高级等；④介词：一些常用介词的基本用法、介词短语的用法；⑤名词、冠词：注意名词的单数、复数、可数、不可数以及冠词的特殊性用法；⑥代词：注意代词所指代的对象和前后对应的关系；⑦并列词：and, so, or, otherwise等表示并列、对比的词，以及表示承接、转折的副词therefore, however 的用法；⑧句型：要求归纳整理，并且牢固掌握一些基本常用句型，如：not...until...; not only...but (also)．..; so...that...; not...but...; as...as...; either...or...；more...than...; neither...nor...；such...that...；hardly...when...; no sooner...than...等.2014高考英语语法填空高频考点考点1. 动词的时态和语态(1). The sun was setting down when my car ______ ( break ) down near a remote and poor village .(2). Being too anxious to help an event develop often ________ ( result ) in the contrary to our intention.(3).People stepped on your feet or ______ ( push ) you with their elbows.(4).“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane ________ ( inform ).(5).After a four-day journey, the young man ______ ( present ) the water to the old man.(6). He ______( pretend ) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.broke； results；pushed；was informed；presented；was pretending小结：动词的时态、语态是每年的考点，也是历年高考重点考查的项目，通常1-2道题. 重点考查的是时态，且多与语态一起考查.时态理解错误在考生中是常见的，把握命题人的意图是至关重要的.1).先判断所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，2). 谓语动词的话，判断用主动语态还是被动语态，3). 判断用那种时态（根据具体的语境、时间状语或另一动词）.4). 确定所填动词的形式，保证谓语动词时态、语态、人称和数的一致.5). 特别注意：时态变化时不规则动词的拼写.考点2 . 非谓语动词(1). While she was getting me _______ ( settle ) into a tiny but clean room.(2). The Proverb, “ Plucking up a crop _______( help ) it grow,” is based the following story.(3). She wished that he was as easy ________ ( please ) as her mother.(4). He spit it out , ______ ( say ) it was awful.(5). --- and then I noticed a man ______ ( sit ) at the front.settled ；to help；to please；saying；sitting / sit小结：非谓语动词每年必考，至少1道题，主要考查：1). 动名词和不等式做宾语的区别；2). 非谓语动词做宾补的区别；3). 非谓语动词的时态、语态、否定式和复合结构.解题：确定非谓语动词；（先分析句子结构，若句子已有谓语动词且不是并列谓语时，所给的动词就是非谓语动词）；确定用那种非谓语动词；（在句子中作什么句子成分，结合固定搭配和习惯用法）；确定语态；（结合与逻辑主语的关系，确定填那种语态）；确定用那种时态；（非谓语动词所表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作生的先后关系确定时态）.考点3. 情态动词小结：情态动词主要考查：推测和可能性；情态动词+ Have done ；虚拟语气； shall, should, can 和must 所表示的特定语气.重点注意：1).must , can, could, may, might 表示可能性( 按可能性大小排列 ).2). must/ could/may/ might ( have done) 表示对发生事情的推测.3).should/ought + to + have done 表示对过去的责备.4).will/ shall 表示请求、许可.5). could /might/ should + have done 表示虚拟语气等.考点4. 冠词（1）.--- the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to _____ small town some 20 kilometers away.（2）.Shopping at this time of the year was not ______ pleasant experience.（3）.A young man came across a spring of clear water, _______ water was sweet.（4）.We had _______ amazing conversation.a ;a ;the ; an小结：冠词是高考的常考点. 若空格后面的名词或形容词+ 名词前没有物主代词、不定代词、名词所有格、指示代词等限定词时，很可能填冠词.实战：1) . 如果空格及后面的名词可翻译成“ 一个（本、种、杯 ------）” 时，一般填 a/an.如果可翻译成“ 这、这些、那、那些”时，一般填 the .2) . 泛指填a\an , 特指填the.3). 如果名词后面有: of 短语、不定式、分词或从句等做定语时可能填the.定冠词的用法比较不好记，下面的顺口溜或许能帮助大家.特指双熟悉，上文已提及；世上独无二，序数最高级；普转专有名，习语及乐器.语法填空讲练第1篇阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31――40的相应位置上.According to a recent survey, violence did exist in schools. Students showed their fear and parents and teachers also expressed their great concern about it. Experts hope the whole society pay more attention to the mental health of adolescents.Nowadays, school violence is 31 hot issue. I think this is a phenomenon, 32 calls for our great concern. We should try every effort 33 (prevent) violence happening at school for more and more students would drop out of school 34 their personal safety could not 35 (guarantee). In fact, violence can 36 (learn). Children learn violent behavior from adults or from 37 they see on television or on the Internet.If I meet with school violence, I will not answer violence 38 violence, for it will result in 39 (much) fighting. I will tell my teachers or parents about it. I think they will help me deal with it well and they will protect me from the bad guys.All in all, every student should behave 40 (he) and keep away from violence.答案：文章向我们介绍了作者对校园暴力的看法.31．a 这里需要一个不定冠词表示某个的意思.32．这里要用which 引导一个非限制性定语从句，因为先行词为物，所以要用which.33．to prevent 不定式作目的状语.34．if／as long as 人身安全得不到保障是辍学的条件，所以应该用引导连接条件状语从句连词.35．be guaranteed 所给动词和其逻辑主语是动宾关系，所以要用被动语态.36．be learned 事实上；暴力是可以学的.37．what 引导一个宾语从句，并且在从句中作宾语，所以要用what.38．with 表示方式，意思是“用”.39．more 由语境可知，以暴力对付暴力，只能产生更多的暴力.40．himself behave oneself表现良好，行为良好.语法填空讲练第2篇阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31――40的相应位置上.In the 1950s, a family that owned a farm near Beulah, Michigan kept a bull chained to an elm (榆树). The bull paced 31 the tree, dragging the heavy iron chain, which led to a groove (槽) in the bark (树皮). The groove 32 (deep) over the years. Though for whatever reason, it did not kill the tree.33 some years, the family took their bull away. They cut the chain, leaving the loop around the tree and one link 34 (hang down).Then one year, agricultural catastrophe struck Michigan in 35 form of Dutch elm disease. All of the elms lining the road leading to the farm became infected 36 died. Everyone thought that the old elm would be the next. The farm owners considered 37 (go) the safe thing: pulling it out and chopping it up into firewood before it died.Amazingly 38 (amazing), the tree did not die. Nobody could understand 39 it was the only elm still standing in the county. It' s said that 40 doesn' t kill you will make you stronger. Or, as a plant pathologists (病理学家 ) put it , "Life breaks us all, but afterwards, many of us are strongest at the broken places."答案：这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章.文章通过叙述一棵老榆树大难不死的故事告诉我们这样一个道。
上海高考英语语法填空题考点及解题技巧
解题方法
3. 复读全文，检查答案。
所有的空白处都填好了。这时，我们有必要把整篇文章从头至尾反复从语 义和逻辑的角度审视全文，从词义辨析，词语搭配，和习惯用语仔细推敲， 看其语法是否正确，行文是否通顺流畅，条理是否清晰，是否符合语感。还 要特别注意单词的拼写，千万不能犯由于单词写错而导致失分的低级错误。 要仔细揣摩，准确定夺。
1. 语法填空题—能力要求
➢阅读/理解语篇的能力; ➢分析句子结构的能力; ➢熟练运用语法的能力。
2. 语法填空题—解题步骤
➢快速浏览全文，把握文章大意、作者写作 意图和总体时态；
➢分析句子结构---主谓结构; • 点击此处更换文本编辑文字点击此处更换文本编辑文字点击此处更换文本编 辑文字点击此处更换文本编辑文字点击此处更换文本编辑文字
考查语法点: 定冠词,不定冠词的用法
解题技巧
考点二：介词
注意固定搭配
1. In short, we should make full use ___o_f____ every
opportunity to practice English.
2. __W__it_h___ the help of my friend, I finished the work on
➢根据上下文把握空格意思。
命题特点
1. 所选短文大约400左右个单词，难度适中，基本适合高中生阅读。 2. 挖出10个空格。有的空格后有提示有的没有提示，挖空一般较均匀，不过密也不过疏。 所缺的地方一般不会影响学生的理解。 3. 出题更多的是从词汇搭配和语言知识的运用上着手，上下文的理解放在相对次要的位置。 4. 出题一般涉及到以下几个方面： 1）动词与介词或副词搭配构成的固定词、短语； 2）冠词的用法； 3）连词的用法，包括从属连词和并列连词、生词的用法； 4）动词的适当形式 包括时态、语态、非谓语动词等； 5）形容词和副词的比较级和最高级； 6）情态动词的用法； 7）从句的引导词等。
上海市高考：语法填空之被动语态(含答案)
被动语态（核心考点精讲精练）【近年真题考点分布】【思维导图】【知识梳理】➢一、被动语态的构成形式被动语态由构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。
被动语态的构成形式还有：get/become＋过去分词。
各种时态的被动语态形式如下：被动语态的使用场合：(1)不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时；(2)强调动作的承受者时。
It is reported that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come.据报道，一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上被建成。
In my hometown，there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has been cut.在我的家乡，所有的麦子被收割后，总是要给农民们准备一顿收获的晚餐。
With many forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.因为许多森林被毁，每年大量肥沃的泥土被冲走。
While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted，Henry did his best to perform his duty.在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利尽量履行好自己的职责。
We get paid by the week. 我们按周获得薪酬。
1．“系动词feel，sound，taste，look，smell，appear，seem，turn，stay，become，get，grow，keep等＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。
This kind of wool shirt feels soft and sells well.这种羊毛衫摸起来很软，卖得很好。
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2017上海高考英语语法填空解题点拨2017 上海高考英语学科改革，推出语法填空新题型．这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法，甚至是句法上的运用能力，能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平。
本题型分两种情况：一种为已给单词提示，一种为不给单词提示。
试题结构由原来的A，B2篇16分改变成一篇10 分。
继续体现了“重词汇，轻语法”的思想，但语法还是在整个高中英语教学和测试中起着重要作用。
一、已给单词提示题型的技巧：此类题可以考查学生对动词、形容词副词等形式变化的掌握程度。
技巧一：动词形式变化。
动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气、情态动词) ，有非谓语的变化( 不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词) 。
学生复习时需要花一定的功夫对动词部分的语法知识进行一次全面复习。
例 1 ：A talk (give)tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang ．句中的is 是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。
从tomorrow 可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give 动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give 的不定式被动式——to be given 。
知识体系：时态：考纲要求的11 种时态谓语动词语态：主动语态和被动语态be+过去分词动词情态动词动词不定式一般式、进行式、完成式主动与被动非谓语动词动名词一般式、完成式主动与被动现在分词一般式、完成式主动与被动分词过去分词技巧二：形容词、副词比较级变化。
英语中大部分形容词和副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。
形容词、分词在上海试卷中只改变比较级最高级。
构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀一er 和．est，或在词加more ／less和most／least，且形容词的绝对最高级还要冠以the。
例3：I am (tall)than Liu Wen ．He is the tallest students in my class ．此题后句交代了Liu Wen 是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller ，只能用表示程度不如的“ less tall。
”其它特殊用法二、未给单词提示题型的技巧：此类题难度较大，但也是有方法对付的。
技巧一： 固定短语结构。
根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要 对横线前或后的几个单词 “视而不见 ”才能命中答案。
例 4： The children were playing on the ground ， enjoying ， dirty but happy ． 从句中的 happy 可以 猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用 enjoy oneself 短语，故其答案为 themselves 。
技巧二： 从句引导词。
从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。
例 6： He did not do __ his father had asked him to do ．审题可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引导词，此引导词在从旬中充当宾语，且指物，所以是what 。
例 7： Those __ want to go to the village must sign here ．经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词， 进一步观察可知先行词为 those ，且指人， 所以只能 填入 who 。
知识体系：形容词副词比较等级 基本句型原级比较级（在形容词或副词后加 最高级（在形容词或副词后加同级比较比较级er 或在前面加 est 或在前面加 more )most )注意不规则变化表时间 when,while,as,after,before,until表原因 because,since,as,for,now that 表地点where,wherever表条件 if,unless,as long as, in case 表目的 so ⋯ that,so that,such that表结果 so ⋯ that,so that,such that表让步 though,althouth,despite,in spite of, regardlessof,even if, even though 表方式 as, as if ,as though 表比较as ⋯as, such ⋯as知识体系陈述句 一般问句 否定 特殊问句 疑问句 句子1.简单句 反义问句 选择问句2.并列句 do 祈使句 don ' t let What 感叹句 how 连接词 并列连词 连词 that whether, as if, as though because 连接代词 what ，who whom whose which how many/much no matter+wh- 等 连接副词 when where why how -ever 名词性从句 no matter+wh- 等 主语从句 表语从句 种类 宾语从句 同位语从句 先行词 关系代词 关系词 定语从句 that which who whom whose As 等 关系副词 when where why 种类 限制性 非限制性 状语从句技巧三：短语介词结构。
短语介词即多个词的组合起介词作用的短语，如：except for ，due to 等。
例10：Mr Smith took a plane to London __ of taking a train ．此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐⋯⋯而不是坐⋯⋯”的意思，故答案为instead，以构成介词短语instead of 。
技巧四：连词、关联短语结构。
常用的连词有and，or，but，so，for，while 等，常用的关联短语有both ⋯⋯and，either ⋯⋯，or neither ⋯⋯n，ornot only ⋯⋯but als等o。
例12：Little Wang Jun could not go to school ，__ his family was too poor ．此处表示原因，引导的分句其实是一种解释说明，不是必然的因果关系，且前面有逗号隔开，所以填for 。
技巧五：冠词、介词和常用的副词。
冠词只能是在a，an，the 之间判断；常用的介词有in，at，on，before，during 等，通常考查固定搭配；副词的量还是比较多，如：also，never，yet，much 等，但一般不会考查ly 形式的方式副词.例14：Jackie likes to drive at __ high speed ．这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，答案为a，构成at a high speed，“以高速”开车。
例15：Old Tom' s grand · daughter used to visit him __ Saturday afternoo．nsSaturday afternoons 是指定的某天下午，所以不用介词in，而用on 才是正解。
语法填空作为一种新颖的题型，能全面地考查学生的英语综合应用能力。
上述五条技巧概括了此题型的多数考查方向，在高考备考复习中能起到很好的加强作用，真正做到事半功倍，较大地提高学生在此题型上的得分率2017高考英语新题型–语法填空高频考点与高分技巧(1) 按该题2017高考课改考纲要求，“纯空格题”仅考冠词、介词、代词和连接词以及功能性结构副词等四类词；“用括号中所给词的适当形式填空”考了谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较等级等。
根据上海2014 年考纲要求，词类转换不做考试要求，故本文不做相关探讨。
(2) 介词每年会有一道小题，是考查的重点，也是复习训练的重点。
(3) 冠词：考查不定冠词的最基本的用法，表示“一个(次/本⋯)”，这无疑是复习和训练的重点，但也要关注不定冠词的其他用法，同时注意定冠词的基本用法。
(4) 代词：主要考查了在句中作宾语的人称代词、只能在名词前作定语的形容词性物主代词、it 的用法和不定代词。
备考中，除重点关注已考的热点外，也不要忽视反身代词和疑问代词。
(5) 连接词：考查了引导宾语从句的连接代词who 、引导同位语从句的that、引导定语从句的关系副词where( 三年考了两年)、表示转折的并列连词but，这些仍是复习的重点；备考中，要训练名词性从句：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句；状语从句、定语从句的连接词。
如何判断名词性从句？规律：可以从从句所处的位置判断是主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句还是表语从句。
注意：名词性从句中如果缺少主语、宾语或表语时常填what; (whatever) ; who (whoever)(6) 动词：时态重点考查一般过去时和一般现在时，也要留意一般将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时等各种时态。
语态只考查了一般过去时的被动语态，一般现在时和一般将来时的被动语态值得重视。
非谓语动词重复考的是不定式作状语，过去分词、动词-ing 形式。
答案特点：(1) 纯空格题：试题要求中已明文规定“在空格处填入一个适当的词”，即一个小题或者一个空格只能填一个单词。
(2) 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空：试题中要求“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”，这个词的“正确形式”，不可以出现所给词以外的其它词。
究竟由几个单词组成？没有规定，高考题的答案是填一个或两个单词。
若需填两个单词，一个是不定式，一个是被动语态。
(3) 若所填词位于句首，第一个字母要注意大写。
特别提醒：“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”的答案只填一个或两个单词，但是我们在平时的训练中应当不局限于此，要训练填一个、两个或多个单词的情况。
非谓语动词中，带to 的不定式、现在分词的完成式都可能填两个单词；谓语动词的将来时、进行时和完成时等也都可能填两个单词，而现在完成进行时等就可能填三个单词，被动语态至少都要填两个单词。
答题思路：(1) 纯空格试题。
首先，分析句子结构确定填哪类词。
然后，根据句子的意思，确定具体填什么词；根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。
我们知道，语法填空空格在形式上主要有二种类型：(1) 纯空格题(无提示词) ：通常考——冠词、代词(形容词性物主代词、人称代词、不定代词、指示代词、反身代词)、介词、和连词、从句引导词。
(2) 用括号中所给词填空：通常考——谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致、.非谓语动词、形容词副词比较级等。
两个分句结构连接,考查语法点: 各类复合句中连词,引导词的用法。
1. ⋯The exam, _______was originally to be held in our classroom, was changed to the library at the lastminute.2⋯the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometres away t here was a garage.3. We shouldn 't spend our money testing so many people, most of ________ are healthy.答案：which where whom 具体分析方法：（一）纯空格题1、缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词（多考代词）。