2012年全国高校西班牙语专业八级水平测试笔试试卷答案(定稿 2012.01.14.)
2015年全国高校西班牙语专业八级水平测试听力试卷答案(定稿)
2015年全国高校西班牙语专业八级水平测试听力试卷参考答案及听力材料转写测试项目复合选择填空每题1分，10题，共10分。
1. A2. B3. B4. A5. C6. A7. A8. C9. B 10.C测试项目判断正误每题1分，5题，共5分。
11.B 12.A 13.B 14.A 15.A测试项目单项选择填空每题1分，5题，共5分。
16.B 17.B 18.C 19.A 20.CTexto UnoLa comprensiónApuntes de sabiduríaSe cuenta que un discípulo deseaba recibir la más alta de las enseñanzas para alcanzar el verdadero conocimiento. Por eso, un día preguntó a su maestro —Señor, ¿qué es la verdad?, ¿dónde está?—La verdad está en todas partes, en la vida de cada día— respondió el sabio.—Pero yo no la veo—replicóel discípulo —a mi alrededor, solo percibo monotonía, rutina y vulgaridad.El maestro contestó—Esa es precisamente la diferencia, tú no la ves y yo sí.En realidad, todos estamos sujetos a la catatimia, es decir, a ver las cosas como quisiéramos que fuesen en vez de verlas como son en realidad. En este principio, se basa la conocida frase del poeta “todo se ve del color del cristal con que se mira”, que es lo mismo que decir todo se ve de acuerdo con lo que se desea ver.Pensamos como deseamos que sean las cosas, no como son. La lámpara del cuerpo es el ojo, mejor dicho, uno de los grandes maestros de la historia. Cuando tu ojo fuere bueno, todo tu cuerpo estaráiluminado, mas cuando fuere malo, todo tu cuerpo quedará en tinieblas. Mira, pues, no sea que la luz que hay en ti sea oscuridad.No es fácil ver la realidad. El célebre filósofo Platón escribióuna intrigante historia conocida como La alegoría de la caverna, en la que plantea un supuesto acerca de la extraña existencia de unos personajes en el interior de una cueva. Están convencidos de (que) todo lo que ven desfilar ante sus ojos es la realidad misma, desconociendo que es solo una proyección de objetos, muebles y personas originadas por una hoguera que actuaba como foco luminoso. Y al igual que aquellos personajes de la cueva, hoy nosotros seguimos creyendo que lo que vemos es lo que es.Según la ancestral enseñanza oriental, la realidad es inmutable e inmóvil, y por ende, el mundo que vemos, el universo manifiesto que se encuentra en un estado de flujo perpetuo, es pura ilusión, es malla. Según esta concepción, el universo manifiesto no es más que algo supuesto sobre lo real, algo proyectado sobre lapantalla de la realidad, de manera muy semejante a como en cine se proyecta una película en la pantalla.Hoy la ciencia de la física cuántica, la que estudia las partículas subatómicas, nos dice que la apariencia de solidez que percibimos en la materia es algo creado por el movimiento o la vibración, un error de percepción. Por este motivo, cuando un ventilador estáen movimiento, lo percibimos erróneamente como un círculo completo.Afortunadamente, parte de la humanidad estásaliendo hoy de la cueva y despertando de su letargo secular, comprendiendo que el alma humana no actúa libremente, sino desde un estado condicionado. Un gran paso para la liberación.José Antonio Hernández, Radio 5, todo Noticias.Texto DosLos 6 grados de separación01-Voz F.: Bien, pues ha llegado nuevamente Carlos Bautista, editor de la revista Algarabía, ¡bienvenido a la Hora Nacional! Carlos, hoy vamos a hablar de un tema muy interesante, porque además, esto que todos hemos jugado de alguna forma, ¿no?, el de los 6 grados de separación, (¡Ah, sí!) el mito de los 6 grados de separación, Carlos, ¡bienvenido!02-Voz M.: Los que no conozcan nada de esto no tienen ni idea, nos separan 6 personas, de cualquier persona del mundo, ¿sería la premisa?Carlos: Es la premisa pero es falsa.01-Voz F. (02-Voz M.): (Ah, vale.) Esto es lo que me gusta, Carlos, que siempre la cambia. (Yo, me están emocionando los 6 grados de...)Carlos: Eso lo que todo el mundo cree, (eso de) las redes sociales, pero es falso. Esa idea, ni siquiera es una teoría, ¿no?, es una hipótesis científica, porque no hubo un estudio alrededor de ello, fue propuesta por primera vez en 1929 por el escritor húngaro Frigyes Karinthy en un cuento llamado Chains. En este cuento él habla de que todo el mundo está entrelazado por algo, ¿no?, en sus actos... Sí, pero es ficción. En 1967, el profesor de psicología Stanley Milgram puso a sus estudiantes a que eligieran un grupo de personas al azar en los estados de Kansas y Nebraska. A estos les lla mó “iniciadores” para que enviaran sobres por correo a través de una cadena de “solo conocidos” a otras personas, o “destinatarios”. Tres son seleccionadas, que vienen de ciudades como Cambridge o Boston. Y bueno, eh..., debían limitar enviarles sobres a gente que conocían personalmente, por lo que no podían mandarles de manera directa y sin escalas al destinatario final. Eh, después del estudio, Milgram (eh) señaló que las cadenas que unían iniciador con destinatario tenían entre 2 y 10 personas intermedias con un promedio de 5. De ahísale la famosa idea de los 6 grados de separación. Este resultado empírico que origina la frase “los 6 grados de separación”, y la leyenda científica surgió incluso, a pesar de que el propio Milgram escribió que los 6 punto cuatro saltos en promedio que se requerían para conectar a iniciador con destinatario correspondían solo al 30% a las cadenas que habían logrado su propósito, es decir, 70% de los que empezaron el experimento no hubo manera de ligarlos. Y eso, que son gente con una dirección en específico, que tienen una..., digamos, como una ubicación semiurbana o urbana, si los potencias que no sean un pescador que vive en Tanzania, que no tienen una dirección directa, por más que le pongas mil contactos, no vas a dar con él.02-Voz M.:Pero espérame Carlos, ¿quién juega con nosotros? ¿por qué eso es uno de los fenómenos de masas, de psicología de masas, y la creemos de repentetodos, y tiene un alcance viral? ¿quién crea estas, estas... o quién juega con estas teorías y de repente las tomamos como ciertas sin saber ni siquiera de dónde viene?Carlos: Bueno, obviamente es el negocio atrás de la creación de esta famosa y gran red social, que es lo que prometía, ¿no?, sin importar a quién buscaras, te llevaba a menos 6 personas, podías contactar a esa persona.01-Voz F.: Y no.Carlos: En ciertas condiciones, en este caso, la red social empezó con un... con un universitario, o sea, empezó con un espectro muy pequeño de gente que tiene, pues no solo... pues una dirección física sino correo electrónico, una computadora, y se va haciendo más pequeño el...02-Voz M.: Es decir, se achica el mundo, pero no tanto como esta teoría nos quiere vender.Carlos: Exacto.01-Voz F.: Entonces, ¿a cuántos estamos, a cuántos grados de separación estamos, Carlos?Carlos: Bueno, tú y yo estamos aquí, estamos a un grado de separación.01-Voz F.: Carlos, pues te esperamos por acá la próxima semana.Carlos: Gracias.02-Voz M.: Hasta la próxima, continuamos esta noche en la Hora Nacional.Texto TresEl Tribunal de Cuentas detecta irregularidades en las subvencionespara cursos de formaciónEl Tribunal de Cuentas ha detectado irregularidades en las subvenciones para cursos de formación concedidas a empresas y sindicatos en 2010. En su informe, el tribunal habla de menoscabo de los caudales públicos y de excesiva sobrecontratación por parte de las empresas que recibían las ayudas.El Tribunal asegura que patronales y sindicatos contrataban en exceso y de manera injustificada a empresas especializadas para dar los cursos de formación.La ley sólo permite hacerlo hasta la mitad de los cursos, pero en 2010 de los 300 convenios firmados, el 75% superaba ese límite y algunos incluso se subcontrataron al 100%. Un procedimiento que convierte a estas empresas especializadas, dice el Tribunal, en las beneficiarias de hecho de las subvenciones. En 2010 superaron los 400 millones de euros. La Fundación Laboral de la Construcción detalla el informe, contratócursos directamente, sin solicitar previamente tres ofertas, por más de 12 millones de euros. CEPYME lo hizo por 7.700.000 y CEOE, por encima de 4 millones. UGT, por algo más de un millón de euros. Algunas de estas organizaciones, dicen, que actuaron siempre dentro de la legalidad y que subcontratar no significa desviar fondos.Según el Tribunal de Cuentas los beneficiarios de los fondos no tenían ningún sistema para controlar las horas que los trabajadores dedicaban a los cursos. El Ministerio de Empleo asegura que hoy la norma es distinta a la de 2010, lo que garantiza una mayor eficiencia y calidad de una formación.。
2012年专八真题
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2012)—GRADE EIGHT—TIME LIMIT: 195 MIN PART ⅠLISTENING COMPREHENSION（35 MIN）SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE, using no more than three words in each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Now listen to the mini-lecture.Observing BehaviourPeople do observation in daily life context for safety or for proper behaviour. However, there are differences in daily-life observation and research observation.A. Differences---- daily life observation-casual-(1) ________-dependence on memory (1) ____________ ---- research observation- (2) _________ (2) ____________ - careful record keepingB. Ways to select samples in research---- time sampling- systematic: e.g. fixed intervals every hour- random: fixed intervals but (3) _______ (3) ____________ Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination.---- (4) _______ (4) ____________ - definition: selection of different locations- reason: humans’ or animals’ behaviour (5) ______ across (5) ____________ circumstances- (6) ______: more objective observations (6) ____________ C. Ways to record behaviour (7) _______ (7) ____________ ---- observation with intervention- participant observation: researcher as observer and participant- field experiment: research (8) ______ over conditions (8) ____________ ---- observation without intervention-purpose: describing behaviour (9) ______ (9) ____________ - (10) ______ : no intervention- researcher: a passive recorder (10) ___________ SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.1. Which of the following statements about creativity is INCORRECT?A. Creativity stems from human beings’ novel thinking.B. The duration of the creative process varies from person to person.C. Creative people focus on novel thinking rather than on solutions.D. The outcome of human creativity comes in varied forms.2. The interviewee cites the Bach family to show that creativity ______.A. seems to be attributable to genetic makeupB. appears to be the result of the environmentC. appears to be more associated with great peopleD. comes from both environment and genetic makeup3. How many types of the creative process does the interviewee describe?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.4. Which of the following features of a creative personality is NOT mentioned in the interview?A. Unconventional.B. Critical.C. Resolute.D. Original.5. The interviewee’s suggestion for a creativity workout supports the view that ______.A. brain exercising will not make people creativeB. most people have diversified interests and hobbiesC. creativity can only be found in great peopleD. the environment is significant in the creative processSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.6. What is the news item mainly about?A. A problem in the cooling system was solved.B. A 350-kilogram ammonia pump was removed.C. U.S. astronauts made three space walks.D. An international space station was set up.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.7. In which country would parents often threaten to punish children by leaving them outside?A. India.B. Egypt.C. The Philippines.D. Not mentioned.8. What is the main purpose of the study?A. To reveal cultural differences and similarities.B. To investigate ways of physical punishment.C. To analyze child behaviour across countries.D. To expose cases of child abuse and punishmentQuestions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.9. According to the news item, Japan’s economic growth in the second quarter was ____less than the first quarter.A. 4 percentB. 3 percentC. 0.6 percentD. 3.4 percent10. How many reasons does the news item cite for Japan’s slow economic growth?A. 2.B. 3.C. 4.D. 5.PART ⅡREADING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.TEXT AI used to look at my closet and see clothes. These days, whenever I cast my eyes upon the stacks of shoes and hangers of shirts, sweaters and jackets, I see water.It takes 569 gallons to manufacture a T-shirt, from its start in the cotton fields to its appearance on store shelves. A pair of running shoes? 1,247 gallons.Until last fall, I’d been oblivious to my “water footprint”, which is defined as the total volume of freshwater that is used to produce goods and services, according to the Water Footprint Network. The Dutch nonprofit has been working to raise awareness of freshwater scarcity since2008, but it was through the “Green Blue Book” by Thomas M. Kostigen that I was able to see how my own actions factored in.I’ve installed gray-water systems to reuse the wastewater from my laundry machine and bathtub and reroute it to my landscape - systems that save, on average, 50 gallons of water per day. I’ve set up rain barrels and infiltration pits to collect thousands of gallons of storm water cascading from my roof. I’ve even entered the last bastion of greendom -installing a composting toilet.Suffice to say, I’ve been feeling pretty satisfied with myself for all the drinking water I’ve saved with these big-ticket projects.Now I realize that my daily consumption choices could have an even larger effect –not only on the local water supply but also globally: 1.1 billion people have no access to freshwater, and, in the future, those who do have access will have less of it.To see how much virtual water 1 was using, I logged on to the “Green Blue Book” website and used its water footprint calculator, entering my daily consumption habits. Tallying up the water footprint of my breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks, as well as my daily dose of over-the-counter uppers and downers - coffee, wine and beer- I’m using 512 gallons of virtual water each day just to feed myself.In a word: alarming.Even more alarming was how much hidden water I was using to get dressed. I’m hardly a clotheshorse, but the few new items I buy once again trumped the amount of water flowing from my faucets each day. If I’m serious about saving water, I realized I could make some simple lifestyle shifts. Looking more closely at the areas in my life that use the most virtual water, it was food and clothes, specifically meat, coffee and, oddly, blue jeans and leather jackets.Being a motorcyclist, I own an unusually large amount of leather - boots and jackets in particular. All of it is enormously water intensive. It takes 7,996 gallons to make a leather jacket, leather being a byproduct of beef. It takes 2,866 gallons of water to make a single pair of blue jeans, because they’re made from water-hogging cotton.Crunching the numbers for the amount of clothes I buy every year, it looks a lot like my friend’s swimming pool. My entire closet is borderline Olympic.Gulp.My late resolution is to buy some items used. Underwear and socks are, of course, exempt from this strategy, but 1 have no problem shopping less and also shopping at Goodwill. In fact, I’d been doing that for the past year to save money. My clothes’outrageous water footprint just reinforced it for me.More conscious living and substitution, rather than sacrifice, are the prevailing ideas with the water footprint. It’s one I’m trying, and that’s had an unusual upside. I had a hamburger recently, and I enjoyed it a lot more since it is now an occasional treat rather than a weekly habit.(One gallon =3.8 litres)11. According to the passage, the Water Footprint Network ______.A. worked for freshwater conservation for nonprofit purposesB. collaborated with the Green Blue Book in freshwater conservationC. made the author aware of freshwater shortageD. helped the author get to know the Green Blue Book12. Which of the following reasons can best explain the author’s feeling of self-satisfaction?A. His house was equipped with advanced water-saving facilities.B. Money spent on upgrading his household facilities was worthwhile.C. He made contribution to drinking water conservation in his own way.D. He could have made even greater contribution by changing his lifestyle.13. According to the context, “...how my own actions factored in” means ______.A. how I could contribute to water conservationB. how much of what I did contributed to freshwater shortageC. what behaviour could be counted as freshwater-savingD. what efforts I should make to save fresh water14. According to the passage, the author was more alarmed by the fact that ______.A. he was having more meat and coffeeB. his lifestyle was too extravagantC. globally there will be less fresh waterD. his clothes used even more virtual water15. “My entire closet is borderline Olympic” is an example of ______.A. exaggerationB. analogyC. understatementD. euphemism16. What is the tone of the author in the last paragraph?A. Sarcastic.B. Ironic.C. Critical.D. Humorous.TEXT BIn her novel of “Reunion, American Style”, Rona Jaffe suggests that a class reunion “is more than a sentimental journey. It is also a way of answering the question that lies at the back of nearly all our minds. Did they do better than I?”Jaffe’s observation may be misplaced but not completely lost. According to a study conducted by social psychologist Jack Sparacino, the overwhelming majority who attend reunions aren’t there invidiously to compare their recent accomplishments with those of their former classmates. Instead, they hope, primarily, to relive their earlier successes.Certainly, a few return to show their former classmates how well they have done; others enjoy observing the changes that have occurred in their classmates (not always in themselves, of course). But the majority who attend their class reunions do so to relive the good times they remember having when they were younger. In his study, Sparacino found that, as high school students, attendees had been more popular, more often regarded as attractive, and more involvedin extracurricular activities than those classmates who chose not to attend. For those who turned up at their reunions, then, the old times were also the good times!It would appear that Americans have a special fondness for reunions, judging by their prevalence. Major league baseball players, fraternity members, veterans groups, high school and college graduates, and former Boy Scouts all hold reunions on a regular basis. In addition, family reunions frequently attract blood relatives from faraway places who spend considerable money and time to reunite.Actually, in their affection for reuniting with friends, family or colleagues, Americans are probably no different from any other people, except that Americans have created a mind-boggling number and variety of institutionalized forms of gatherings to facilitate the satisfaction of this desire. Indeed, reunions have increasingly become formal events that are organized on a regular basis and, in the process, they have also become big business.Shell Norris of Class Reunion, Inc., says that Chicago alone has 1,500 high school reunions each year. A conservative estimate on the national level would be 10,000 annually. At one time, all high school reunions were organized by volunteers, usually female homemakers. In the last few years, however, as more and more women have entered the labour force, alumni reunions are increasingly being planned by specialized companies rather than by part-time volunteers.The first college reunion was held by the alumni of Yale University in 1792. Graduates of Pennsylvania, Princeton, Stanford, and Brown followed suit. And by the end of the 19th century, most 4-year institutions were holding alumni reunions.The variety of college reunions is impressive. At Princeton, alumni parade through the town wearing their class uniforms and singing their alma mater. At Marietta College, they gather for a dinner-dance on a steamship cruising the Ohio River.Clearly, the thought of cruising on a steamship or marching through the streets is usually not, by itself, sufficient reason for large numbers of alumni to return to campus. Alumni who decide to attend their reunions share a common identity based on the years they spent together as undergraduates. For this reason, universities that somehow establish a common bond –for example, because they are relatively small or especially prestigious - tend to draw substantial numbers of their alumni to reunions. In an effort to enhance this common identity, larger colleges and universities frequently build their class reunions on participation in smaller units, such as departments or schools. Or they encourage “affinity reunions” for groups of former cheerleaders, editors, fraternity members, musicians, members of military organizations on campus, and the like.Of course, not every alumnus is fond of his or her alma mater. Students who graduated during the late 1960s may be especially reluctant to get involved in alumni events. They were part of the generation that conducted sit-ins and teach-ins directed at university administrators, protested military recruitment on campus and marched against “establishment politics”. If this generation has a common identity, it may fall outside of their university ties - or even be hostile to them. Even as they enter their middle years, alumni who continue to hold unpleasant memories of college during this period may not wish to attend class reunions.17. According to the passage, Sparacino’s study ______.A. found that interest in reunions was linked with school experienceB. found evidence for attendees’ intense desire for showing off successC. showed that attendees tended to excel in high school studyD. provided strong evidence for Jaffe’s statement18. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a distinct feature of U.S. class reunions?A. Class reunions have become a profitable business.B. Class reunions have brought about a variety of activities.C. Reunions are regular and formal events organized by professional agencies.D. U.S. class reunions are usually occasions to show off one’s recent success.19. What mainly attracts many people to return to campus for reunion?A. Shared experience beyond the campus.B. Shared undergraduate experience on campus.C. The special status their university enjoys.D. The variety of activities for class reunion.20. The rhetorical function of the first paragraph is to ______.A. serve as p relude to the author’s argumentB. prese nt the author’s counterargumentC. introduce Rona Jeffe’s novelD. bring into focus contrasting opinions21. What is the passage mainly about?A. Alumni reunions and American university traditions.B. Alumni reunion and its social and economic implications.C. Reasons for popularity and (non)attendance for alumni reunions.D. A historical perspective for alumni reunions in the United States.TEXT COne time while on his walk George met Mr. Cattanzara coming home very late from work. He wondered if he was drunk but then could tell he wasn’t. Mr. Cattanzara, a stocky, bald-headed man who worked in a change booth on an IRT station, lived on the next block after George’s, above a shoe repair store. Nights, during the hot weather, he sat on his stoop in an undershirt, reading the New York Times in the light of the shoemaker’s window. He read it from the first page to the last, then went up to sleep. And all the time he was reading the paper, his wife, a fat woman with a white face, leaned out of the window, gazing into the street, her thick white arms folded under her loose breast, on the window ledge.Once in a while Mr. Cattanzara came home drunk, but it was a quiet drunk. He never made any trouble, only walked stiffly up the street and slowly climbed the stairs into the hall. Though drunk he looked the same as always, except for his tight walk, the quietness, and that his eyes were wet. George liked Mr. Cattanzara because he remembered him giving him nickels to buy lemon ice with when he was a squirt. Mr. Cattanzara was a different type than those in the neighbourhood. He asked different questions than the others when he met you, and he seemed to know what went on in all the newspapers. He read them, as his fat sick wife watched from the window.“What are you doing with yourself this summer, George?” Mr. Cattanzara asked. “l see you walkin’ around at night.”George felt embarrassed. “I like to walk.”“What are you doin’ in the day now?”“Nothing much just now. I’m waiting for a job.” Since it shamed him to admit that he wasn’t working, George said, “I’m reading a lot to pick up my education.”“What are you readin’?”George hesitated, then said, “I got a list of books in the library once and now I’m gonna read them this summer.” He felt strange and a little unhappy saying this, but he wanted Mr. Cattanzara to respect him.“How many books are there on it?”“I never counted them. Maybe around a hundred.”Mr. Cattanzara whistled through his teeth.“I figure if l did that,” George went on earnestly, “it would help me in my education. 1 don’t mean the kind they give you in high school. I want to know different things than they learn there, if you know what I mean.”The change maker nodded. “Still and all, one hundred books is a pretty big load for one summer.”“It might take longer.”“After you’re finished with some, maybe you and I can shoot the breeze about them?" said Mr. Cattanzara.“When I’m finish ed,” George answered.Mr. Cattanzara went home and George continued on his walk. After that, though he had the urge to, George did nothing different from usual. He still took his walks at night, ending up in the little park. But one evening the shoemaker on the next block stopped George to say he was a good boy, and George figured that Mr. Cattanzara had told him all about the books he was reading. From the shoemaker it must have gone down the street, because George saw a couple of people smiling kindly at him, though nobody spoke to him personally. He felt a little better around the neighbourhood and liked it more, though not so much he would want to live in it forever. He had never exactly disliked the people in it, yet he had never liked them very much either. It was the fault of the neighbourhood. To his surprise, George found out that his father and his sister Sophie knew about his reading too. His father was too shy to say anything about it - he was never much of a talker in his whole life -but Sophie was softer to George, and she showed him in other ways she was proud of him.22. In the excerpt, Mr. Cattanzara was described as a man whoA. showed a wide interest.B. was fond of drinking.C. often worked overtime.D. liked to gossip after work.23. It can be inferred from the passage thatA. George lied at the beginning and then became seriousB. George was forced to tell a lie and then regretted.C. Mr. Cattanzara was doubtful about George throughout.D. Mr. Cannazara was surprised at George’s reading plan.24. After the street conversation with Mr. Cattanzara, George ______.A. remained the same as usualB. became more friendly with Mr. CattanzaraC. began to like his neighbours more than everD. continued to read the books from the list25. We can tell from the excerpt that George ______.A. found his neighbours liked to poke their nose into himB. found that his sister remained skeptical about himC. was dissatisfied with his life and surroundingsD. had a neither close nor distant relationship with his fatherTEXT DAbraham Lincoln turns 200 this year, and he’s beginning to show his age. When his birthday arrives, on February 12, Congress will hold a special joint session in the Capitol’s National Statuary Hall, a wreath will be laid at the great memorial in Washington, and a webcast will link school classrooms for a “teach-in” honouring his memory.Admirable as they are, though, the events will strike many of us Lincoln fans as inadequate, even halfhearted - and another sign that our appreciation for the 16th president and his towering achievements is slipping away. And you don’t have to be a Lincoln enthusiast to believe that this is something we can’t afford to lose.Compare this year’s celebration with the Lincoln centennial, in 1909. That year, Lincoln’s likeness made its debut on the penny, thanks to approval from the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. Communities and civic associations in every comer of the country erupted in parades, concerts, balls, lectures, and military displays. We still feel the effects today: The momentum unloosed in 1909 led to the Lincoln Memorial, opened in 1922, and the Lincoln Highway, the first paved transcontinental thoroughfare.The celebrants in 1909 had a few inspirations we lack today. Lincoln’s presidency was still a living memory for countless Americans. In 2009 we are farther in time from the end of the Second World War than they were from the Civil War; families still felt the loss of loved ones from that awful national trauma.But Americans in 1909 had something more: an unembarrassed appreciation for heroes and an acute sense of the way that even long-dead historical figures press in on the present and make us who we are.One story will illustrate what l’m talking about.In 2003 a group of local citizens arranged to place a statue of Lincoln in Richmond, Virginia, former capital of the Confederacy. The idea touched off a firestorm of controversy. The Sons of Confederate Veterans held a public conference of carefully selected scholars to “reassess”the legacy of Lincoln. The verdict - no surprise - was negative: Lincoln was labeled everything from a racist totalitarian to a teller of dirty jokes.I covered the conference as a reporter, but what really unnerved me was a counter-conference of scholars to refute the earlier one. These scholars drew a picture of Lincoln that only our touchy-feely age could conjure up. The man who oversaw the most savage war in our history wasdescribed - by his admirers, remember - as “nonjudgmental,”“unmoralistic,”“comfortable with ambiguity.”I felt the way a friend of mine felt as we later watched the unveiling of the Richmond statue in a subdued ceremony: “But he’s so small!”The statue in Richmond was indeed small; like nearly every Lincoln statue put up in the past half century, it was life-size and was placed at ground level, a conscious rejection of the heroic - approachable and human, yes, but not something to look up to.The Richmond episode taught me that Americans have lost the language to explain Lincoln’s greatness even to ourselves. Earlier generations said they wanted their children to be like Lincoln: principled, kind, compassionate, resolute. Today we want Lincoln to be like us.This helps to explain the long string of recent books in which writers have presented a Lincoln made after their own image. We’ve had Lincoln as humorist and Lincoln as manic-depressive, Lincoln the business sage, the conservative Lincoln and the liberal Lincoln, the emancipator and the racist, the stoic philosopher, the Christian, the atheist - Lincoln over easy and Lincoln scrambled.What’s often missing, though, is the timeless Lincoln, the Lincoln whom all generations, our own no less than that of 1909, can lay claim to. Lucky for us, those memorializers from a century ago - and, through them, Lincoln himself- have left us a hint of where to find him. The Lincoln Memorial is the most visited of our presidential monuments. Here is where we find the Lincoln who endures: in the words he left us, defining the country we’ve inherited. Here is the Lincoln who can be endlessly renewed and who, 200 years after his birth, retains the power to renew us.26. The author thinks that this year’s celebration is inadequate and even halfhearted because______.A. no similar appreciation of Lincoln will be seenB. no activities can be compared to those in 1909C. no Lincoln statue will be unveiledD. no memorial coins will be issued27. According to the passage, what really makes the 1909 celebrations different from this year’s?A. Structures constructed in memory of Lincoln.B. Variety and magnitude of celebration activities.C. Respect for great people and their influence.D. Temporal proximity to Lincoln’s presidency.28. In the author’s opinion, the counter-conference ______.A. rectified the judgment by those carefully selected scholarsB. resulted in similar disparaging remarks on LincolnC. came up with somewhat favourable conclusionsD. offered a brand new reassessment perspective29. According to the author, the image of Lincoln conceived by contemporary people ______.A. reveals the variety of current opinions on heroesB. shows the present-day desire to emulate LincolnC. reflects the present-day tendency of worshipD. conforms to traditional images30. Which of the following best explains the implication of the last paragraph?A. The memorial is symbolic of the great man’s achievements.B. Lincoln’s greatness remains despite the passage of time.C. Each generation has its own interpretation of Lincoln.D. People get to know Lincoln through memorializers.PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.31. The Maori people are natives of ______.A. AustraliaB. CanadaC. IrelandD. New Zealand32. The British monarch is the Head of ______.A. ParliamentB. GovernmentC. StateD. Cabinet33. Americans celebrate Independence Day on ______.A. October 11thB. July 4thC. May 31stD. September 6th34. Canada is bounded on the north by ______.A. the Great LakesB. the Atlantic OceanC. the Pacific OceanD. the Arctic Ocean35. Who is the author of The Waste Lana?A. T.S. Eliot.B. W.B. Yeats.C. Dylan Thomas.D. George Bernard Shaw.36. Which of the following novelists wrote The Sound and the Fury?A. John Steinbeck.B. Ernest Hemingway.C. Scott Fitzgerald.D. William Faulkner.37. “The lettuce was lonely without tomatoes and cucumbers for company” is an example of______.A. exaggerationB. personification。
2015年全国高校西班牙语专业八级水平测试笔试试卷答案(定稿)
21. B 26. C 31. B 36. B
22. A 27. B 32. C
23. A 28. C 33. B
4. C 9. B 14. A 19. C
5. A 10. A 15. C 20. D
24. B 29. C 34. C
25. A 30. A 35. A
2015 年全国高校西班牙语专业八级水平测试笔试试卷参考答案 第 1 页 共 4 页
2015 年全国高校西班牙语专业八级水平测试笔试试卷参考答案 第 3 页 共 4 页
测试项目 2 汉译西 共 10 分 El registro más temprano de la llegada de los chinos a América podría encontrarse
en los últimos años de la dinastía Ming (Es posible que los primeros chinos en llegar a América viajaran allía finale de la dinastía Ming). En aquel entonces, España había construido una ruta en el Pacífico, que cubría el trayecto (iba) desde Filipinas hasta el puerto de Acapulco en México, por la que hacían llegar (se transportaban) al continente americano productos chinos como porcelanas, sedas y lacas. Los primeros chinos que conocieron el continente fueron muy probablemente artesanos, que pisaron México siguiendo esta línea. En el Museo de Historia de este país se conservan algunos objetos de porcelana de la dinastía Ming. Según se dice, en los primeros años del siglo XIX, unos centenares de trabajadores de téarribaron a Brasil para quedarse. Sin embargo, la migración masiva al continente se produjo a mediados del mismo siglo, o sea, después de la Guerra del Opio.
西班牙语专业八级口试真题及答案
西班牙语专业八级口试真题及答案西班牙语专业八级口试真题及答案求学的三个条件是：多观察、多吃苦、多研究。
以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的西班牙语专业八级口试真题及答案，希望能给大家带来帮助!现代奥运会之父顾拜旦(Coubertin)出生于巴黎的`一个贵族家庭。
父母希望他成为军人，但他却决定进入巴黎大学学习教育学。
他坚信体育锻炼对塑造性格有重要作用，主张改革法国的教育制度，在学生中积极推广竞技游戏。
1891年，在访问了古奥运会遗址的一年之后，他提出创办现代奥运会的想法，并希望以此增进各国运动员之间的友谊，促进人类和平。
经过顾拜旦多年的努力，第一届现代奥运会于1896年4月在希腊举行。
到1937年逝世为止，顾拜旦为奥运会事业奋斗了50余年。
可以说，在奥运会恢复初期，要是没有他的不懈努力，这项当今世界最大的体育盛会有可能再次推出历史的舞台。
更重要的是，虽然希腊人强调雅典应该是奥运会的永久主办地，但顾拜旦坚持认为奥运会属于全世界，应在不同国家举办。
正是因为他的坚持，奥运会的影响才不断扩大。
El padre de los Juegos Olmpicos de l aera modernaCoubertin naci en una familia aristcrata parisina. Sus padres deseaban que fuera militar, pero l decidi ir a estudiar pedagoga en la Universidad de Pars. Convencido de que los ejercicios deportivos jugaban un importante papel en la formacin de la personalidad humana, abogaba por reformar el sistema educativo de Francia, promoviendo activamente juegos competitivos entre los escolares. En 1891, un ao despus de su visita a los restos de la sede de las antiguas Olimpiadas, plante la idea de crear los Juegos Olmpicos modernos, esperando que stosfomentaron la amistad entre los deportistas de todo el mundo, as mismo contribuyen a la paz de la humanidad. Tras muchos aos de su esfuerzo, la primera Olimpiada moderna logr celebrarse en Grecia en abril de 1896.Hasta su fallecimiento en 1937, Coubertin luch más de 50 aos por la empresa olmpica. Se puede decir que, sin sus esfuerzos persistentes a comienzos del renacimiento de los Juegos Olmpicos, este gran encuentro deportivo más importante del mundo de hoy se habra retirado de nuevo del escenario histrico. Lo más importante fue que, aunque los griegos reclamaban su sede perpetua para Atenas, Coubertin sostena que los Juegos Olmpicos pertenencan a todo el mundo y que deba celebrarse en distintos pas. Fue por su insistencia por la que los Juegos Olmpicos fueron extendiendo su influencia.Texto 3UN IDIOMA DIFERENTEElías Gábalo era un buen tipo. Trabajado r, honesto, dadivoso. No tenía mayores ambiciones,pero aspiraba a una vida tranquila, con una buena mujer al lado, varios hijos, cierto bienestar,en fi n, nada del otro mundo. Y Elías Gábalo empezó por encontrar esa buena mujer con la que soñaba. Era una ch ica educada, habilidosa, discreta, honrada y, sobre todas las cosas, muy trabajadora. Le encantaba la cocina. Elías Gábalo era feliz. Había encontrado su alma gemela.Él adoraba comer. Y comer bien.El primer año de casados todos sus regalos eran en función del arte culinario. Y el segundo, también. Y el tercero. Emilita –ese era su nombre–gobernaba en la cocina con todos los elementos que cualquier ama de casa pudiera soñar.Y allí estaba Emilita, siempre fi rme en la cocina entre zapallos, perejil, dientesde ajo, pimentones o nuez moscada. Nada la hacía más feliz que revolver el caldo o espesar la salsa. Y Elías Gábalo le festejaba todos y cada uno de sus riquísimos platos.–¿Qué comemos hoy?–era el saludo habitual de Elías Gábalo a su mujer. Y no porque n o la quisiera. Al contrario, la adoraba. Pero le parecía que con esa pregunta todo estaba dicho:“Buen día, mi amor, te quiero mucho, te extrañé tanto, ¿qué sorpresa me espera?”. Y Emilita así lo interpretaba también porque inmediatamente contestaba –como si fuera un disco– el nombre del plato que había preparado.Al principio eran cosas fáciles, claro. Pero a medida que transcurría el tiempo y ella se perfeccionaba, los platos iban sofisticándose más y más. Y el diálogo entre ellos también. Si bien su conv ersación siempre había girado alrededor de la comida, de los ingredientes, las salsas, hortalizas o hierbas aromáticas, algunas veces mechaban con algún comentario del barrio, de la familia, de la situación general del país. Pero poco a poco el tema de con versación se fue reduciendo, estrechando, limitando a una sola y única cosa: la gastronomía.Se habían fabricado un diccionario tan insólito, que los vecinos cuando presenciaban un diálogo entre ellos –por casualidad–permanecían atónitos, perplejos. Los c onsideraban totalmente insanos. Alguno aventuró a anotar en una libretita los signifi cados de ciertas palabras. Había descubierto, por ejemplo, que “hacer picadillo”quería decir “hace frío”,y “cortar rodajitas”, “hace calor”, “carne mechada” era “buenos días” y “huevos rellenos”,“buenas noches”. Y así siguiendo.El barrio entero estaba intrigado con los Gábalo. Una extraña fascinación los dominaba a todos. Por lo tanto, se dedicaron a espiarlos. Entonces se percataron de que Emilita, por fi n, merceda los ruegos de madre y suegra, había quedado embarazada. ¿Dejaría un poco la cocina ahora que estaba así? ¿Dejaría de comer tanto? Milagrosa y misteriosamente Emilita dejóde atender la cocina. Estaba embelesada con el bebé que pronto llegaría. Elías Gábalo, en cambio, no se conformaba. Quería comer. Y tenía que soportar, sin embargo, la visión de montones de pañales, mamaderas, baberos, pañoletas, colchitas, sonajeros, etc. Y cuando reclamaba su bocado, su sostén vital, la razón de su vida, Emilita le alcanzaba un biberón con leche por todo alimento. ¡Ah! no, Elías Gábalo no podía tolerar tamaña impertinencia. Tan luego a él. Él, que se había desvivido por comprarle todos los elementos culinarios imaginables. Él, que había agrandado la cocina hasta convertirla en la única habitación de la casa.No, no y no. Esto no podía ser. Ya iba a ver Emilita. Y así fue cómo un día se levantó de la cama, salió de la cocina, se puso la “cacerola”, dijo “achicoria” y se fue. Y no volvió. A la hora señalada, Emilita tuvo su niño. Una criatura rozagante, rellenita, de tez rosada. Y el parto fue normal. Al principio Emilita estaba tan entretenida con su retoño, que no reparó en la falta de Elías Gábalo, pero en cuanto comenzaron a salirle dientes al niño (acto que vino acompañado de un hambre feroz y no había comida que le alcanzara), comenzó a sentir nostalgia de su media naranja.【西班牙语专业八级口试真题及答案】。
西语专八练习题
西语专八练习题西语是一门世界上使用人数最多的语言之一，它是西班牙、哥伦比亚、墨西哥等国的官方语言。
对于学习西班牙语或拥有西语专八资格的人来说，专业的练习题是必不可少的。
下面将介绍一些适合西班牙语专八考试的练习题。
一、阅读理解题目：请阅读以下短文，根据短文内容选择正确答案。
Hace muchos años, vivía una niña llamada Lucia en una pequeña aldea en España. Lucia se levantaba temprano todas las mañanas y se dirigía a la escuela con su hermano Luis.El camino hacia la escuela era largo y a veces se encontraban con animales y personas en el camino. A Lucia le encantaba ver los pájaros en los árboles y escuchar su canto. Siempre quería llevar una libreta consigo para anotar los nombres de los pájaros que veía.Un día, mientras Lucia caminaba hacia la escuela, vio una hermosa ave que no conocía. Era de tamaño mediano, con plumas de colores fuertes y brillantes. Lucia se quedó fascinada y se detuvo para observarla.La niña decidió que esta sería su misión especial, encontrar el nombre de ese pájaro tan hermoso. Durante varias semanas, buscó en libros y preguntóa los maestros y vecinos, pero nadie podía decirle el nombre exacto de ese pájaro.Finalmente, Lucia decidió escribirle una carta a un famoso ornitólogo en España para pedirle ayuda. Días después, recibió una respuesta delornitólogo. Le dijo que el pájaro era un abejaruco, una especie que migraba desde África hasta España en primavera.Lucia quedó encantada con la respuesta y se sintió feliz por haber encontrado el nombre del pájaro. A partir de ese día, su amor por la ornitología creció aún más y decidió estudiar y proteger las aves.1. ¿Qué hacía Lucia todas las mañanas antes de ir a la escuela?A) Observaba los pájaros en los árboles.B) Jugaba con su hermano Luis.C) Escuchaba música en su casa.D) Estudiaba para sus exámenes.2. ¿Qué decidió hacer Lucia cuando vio el pájaro desconocido?A) Preguntar a sus padres sobre el pájaro.B) Buscar en libros y preguntar a los maestros.C) Seguir caminando hacia la escuela.D) Ignorar al pájaro y continuar su camino.3. ¿Qué recibió Lucia días después de enviar la carta?A) Una respuesta del ornitólogo.B) Un libro sobre aves.C) Una invitación a un evento ornitológico.D) Un premio por sus esfuerzos.二、语法与词汇填空题：根据句子意思及语法规则，选择正确的单词或短语填空。
2012年西班牙语专业八级考试笔试真题_真题-无答案
2012年西班牙语专业八级考试笔试真题(总分80,考试时间150分钟)CONOCIMIENTOS BÁSICOS DE CULTURACompleta las oraciones siguientes con una de las cuatro opciones que se te ofrecen y pon la letra de la opción que consideres correcta en la hoja de respuestas. (15/100, 0.5×30)1. En la XIX Cumbre de Líderes del Foro de Cooperación Económica Asia Pacífico (APEC) celebrada en Hawái, el presidente chino Hu Jintao se reunió con su homólogo peruano _______.A. Ollanta HumalaB. Alan GarcíaC. Alejandro ToledoD. Sebastián Piñera Echenique2. La llamada “Revolución de los Jazmines” ha amenazado al régimen político de varios países del/de las _______.A. continente sudamericanoB. mundo árabeC. antiguas repúblicas soviéticasD. África del Norte3. El 31 de octubre de 2011 la población mundial alcanzó _______ millones de habitantes.A. los 6 milB. los 6.5 milC. los 7 milD. los 7.7 mil4. La única institución de la Unión Europea (UE) cuyos miembros son elegidos por el voto ciudadano es _______.A. el Consejo de MinistrosB. la Comisión EuropeaC. el Consejo EuropeoD. el Parlamento Europeo5. En 2009, la presencia de siete bases militares de los Estados Unidos en _______ suscitó fuertes quejas de otros gobiernos sudamericanos.A. EcuadorB. PerúC. ColombiaD. Chile6. Uno de los últimos pasos que han dado América Latina y el Caribe en la integración regional ha sido _______.A. la firma del Pacto Andino, posteriormente llamado la Comunidad Andina de Naciones (CAN)B. la creación del Mercado Común del Sur (Mercosur)C. la creación de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Integración (ALADI)D. la creación de la Comunidad de Estados Latinoamericanos y Caribeños (CELAC)7. En octubre de 2011, _______ anunció / anunciaron “el cese definitivo de la actividad armada”.A. las FARCB. el Sendero LuminosoC. ETAD. las Brigadas Rojas8. El Grito de Dolores del año 1810 es símbolo del inicio de la lucha por la independencia en _______.A. VenezuelaB. CubaC. ArgentinaD. México9. En enero de 1712, España firmóel Tratado de Utrechet y cedióa Gran Bretaña _______.A. GibraltarB. CeutaC. MelillaD. Filipinas10. La llamada Ruta Marítima de la Seda promoviólas **erciales entre _______ en el siglo XVI.A. China, Filipinas, México y EspañaB. China, México, España e InglaterraC. China, Japón, España y FranciaD. China, Indonesia, México y Perú11. Entre los años 1847 y 1874, unos 225 mil trabajadores chinos, comúnmente **o culíes, fueron enviados a _______.A. EE UU y MéxicoB. Cuba y PerúC. Venezuela y República DominicanaD. Perú y México12. El archipiélago de Galápagos, situado a mil kilómetros del territorio _______ en el océano Pacífico, es una zona turística conocida por su gran diversidad de fauna.A. colombianoB. panameñoC. ecuatorianoD. peruano13. El Día Nacional de España (el Día de la Hispanidad) se celebra elA. 10 de septiembreB. 12 de octubreC. 10 de noviembreD. 12 de diciembre14. En los últimos dos años la región más azotada por la deuda soberana es _______.A. América LatinaB. AsiaC. la Unión EuropeaD. la Unión Europea15. El primer **ercial de China en América Latina en 2010 fue _______.A. MéxicoB. BrasilC. ArgentinaD. Chile16. A partir del año 2010 China es la _______ potencia económica mundialA. primeraB. segundaC. terceraD. cuarta17. El sector que aporta el mayor porcentaje del PIB a España es _______.A. el agrícolaB. el industrialC. el de serviciosD. el de la construcción18. En los últimos dos años, América Latina y el Caribe han registrado un índice de crecimiento económico _______ el promedio mundial.A. más alto queB. más bajo queC. igual queD. casi igual que19. La inversión china en algunos países latinoamericanos en los últimos años está concentrada en el sector _______.A. agrícolaB. industrialC. mineral-energéticoD. terciario20. De las cuatro religiones aquí expuestas, la más antigua es _______.A. el CristianismoB. el IslamC. el JudaísmoD. la Iglesia Ortodoxa Rusa21. La prohibición de las corridas de toros fue aprobada en julio de 2010 por el parlamentoA. CataluñaB. MadridC. AndalucíaD. Valencia22. Cien años de soledad es una novela de Gabriel García Márquez, escritor _______ que ganó el Premio Nobel de Literatura en 1982.A. chilenoB. colombianoC. argentinoD. mexicano23. La Generación del 98 de España fue una generación _______.A. literariaB. políticaC. económicaD. militar24. “Guernica” es una de las obras más famosas del gran pintor español _______.A. Joan MiróB. Salvador DalíC. Francisco de GoyaD. Pablo Picasso25. La Civilización Maya está distribuida en tierras de los actuales países de _______.A. México y GuatemalaB. México y HondurasC. Guatemala y HondurasD. México, Guatemala y Honduras26. La Organización de los Estados Americanos (OEA) es una organización _______.A. nacional de los Estados UnidosB. regional panamericanistaC. regional latinoamericanaD. internacional27. La movilización estudiantil de 2011 en _______ fue **o parte de un movimiento social.A. MéxicoB. ChileC. ArgentinaD. Bolivia28. _______ son **unidades españolas con más reinvidicación nacionalista.A. Cataluña y el País VascoB. Andalucía y ValenciaC. Galicia y CataluñaD. Castilla y el País Vasco29. La elevada tasa de _______ es el problema crónico de la economía española.A. crecimiento del sector inmobiliarioB. inflaciónC. paroD. deuda pública30. En el mes de marzo de 2011, la ciudad japonesa de _______ sufrióun fuerte terremoto que produjo grandes pérdidas humanas y materiales.A. NagasakiB. YokohamaC. FukushimaD. KiotoGRAMÁTICA Y VOCABULARIOCompleta el siguiente texto eligiendo para cada uno de los espacios en blanco una de las tres opciones que se te ofrecen y pon en la hoja de respuestas la letra de la opción que consideres correcta. (10/100, 0.5×20)Rescate de gorilas (大猩猩)por Pilar Gil VillarNo ha cumplido un año y ya ha sido víctima de un secuestro. Es probable que viera cómo su madre y otros familiares morían ___1___ sus raptores（偷猎者）. Afortunadamente, la policía de Gisenyi (Ruanda) puso ___2___ a su semana de cautiverio（囚禁）, ___3___ el pequeño gorila Ihirwe **o mascota doméstica, ___4___ 18.000 dólares, según confesaron sus cazadores.No ha cumplido un año y ya ha sido víctima de un secuestro. Es probable que viera cómo su madre y otros familiares morían ___1___ sus raptores （偷猎者）. Afortunadamente, la policía de Gisenyi (Ruanda) puso ___2___ a su semana de cautiverio（囚禁）, ___3___ el pequeño gorila Ihirwe **o mascota doméstica, ___4___ 18.000 dólares, según confesaron sus cazadores.e Nacional de Virunga, donde viven otros ejemplares con su misma ___11___. Los cuidadores creen que la convivencia puede trenzar（文中：产生）entre ellos los ___12___ característicos de una familia, y pretenden liberarlos una vez que el macho mayor del grupo ___13___ su espalda plateada（“银背”，雄性年长的大猩猩背部会变为银白色）.Los gorilas necesitan un macho adulto maduro que ___14___ al grupo. Solo así tendrán posibilidades de sobrevivir una vez ___15___ en libertad.Actualmente en el mundo solo quedan unos 780 gorilas de montaña, ___16___ en parques nacionales de África. Los ___17___ con otras subespecies de gorilas. Una de las principales amenazas para su ___18___ son las enfermedades humanas, transmitidas por contacto directo o indirecto. Por eso, los trabajadores ___19___ a controles que detecten posibles fuentes de contagio. En 1985, los veterinarios detuvieron ___20___ un brote infeccioso que podría haber sido sarampión (麻疹).1.A. con manos deB. a manos deC. en manos deA. finB. finalC. acabada3.A. debido a queB. dado queC. antes de que4.A. a cambio deB. por cambio deC. en cambio de5.A. con suerteB. por suerteC. de suerte6.A. velarB. cuidarC. supervisar7.A. constituyeB. consiste enC. insiste en8.A. cogenB. recogenC. curan9.A. adaptaciónB. adopciónC. recepción10.A. cuidadoB. tratadoC. trasladado11.A. especieB. enfermedadC. historia12.A. ánimosB. sentidosC. lazosA. haya adquiridoB. haya recibidoC. haya convertido14.A. controleB. protejaC. defienda15.A. devueltosB. puestosC. dispuestos16.A. recuperadosB. alimentadosC. distribuidos17.A. compartenB. comparanC. compiten18.A. supervivenciaB. convivenciaC. vivencia19.A. se responsabilizanB. se sometenC. se entregan20.A. con tiempoB. en tiempoC. a tiempoCOMPRENSIÓN DE LECTURALee detenidamente el siguiente texto para hacer los ejercicios que se dan al final.Tierra de redentores (救世主)por Enrique KrauzeNo uno, sino dos fantasmas recorren la historia independiente y moderna de América Latina: el culto al caudillo y el mito de la Revolución. Los pensadores liberales del siglo XIX abjuraron de (摒弃) ambos ) . En Facundo –su obra clásica sobre el caudillo Facundo Quiroga, “sombra terrible” de las pampas–, Sarmiento recreó al prototipo del poder personal en el siglo XIX latinoamericano, el dueño de vidas y haciendas, hombre de horca y cuchillo, símbolo de Barbarie opuesta a la Civilización. En el siglo XX, con el advenimiento de la Revolución mexicana y labolchevique, una lenta trasmutación (演变) comenzó a operar en la realidad y la imaginación de nuestros países: la crítica del caudillo se transformó en culto al hombre fuerte; y la Revolución adquirió el prestigio de una nueva aurora de justicia para los pueblos A)La sacralización (神圣化) de la Historia en la persona de un héroe produce la figura política de los “redentores”. En América Latina el proceso tuvo antecedentes populares en la guerra de la Independencia mexicana y en los movimientos mesiánicos (信仰救世主的) de Brasil, pero su versión moderna nace del agravio (蔑视) contra Estados Unidos a partir de la guerra de 1898. Todavía Martí, el último liberal del XIX, pudo soñar con un mundo de repúblicas americanas, orientadas al progreso y respetuosas entre sí. B)Pero las actitudes imperiales del “monstruo” en cuyas entrañas había vivido y cuya democracia y dinamismo había admirado terminaron por decepcionarlo. Con su muerte murió también el proyecto de una América homogénea e igualitaria. Había que imaginar y construir otra América, distinta y opuesta a la del Norte .Movido por ese agravio, el pensador uruguayo José Enrique Rodó publicó en 1900 un folleto que influyó en el destino político e intelectual de “Nuestra América”. Se titulaba Ariel y postulaba un “choque de civilizaciones” entre la superior espiritualidad de Hispanoamérica y la “barbarie” materialista de Estados Unidos.Conforme avanzó el siglo, las más diversas corrientes ideológicas (el nacionalismo, el anarquismo, el socialismo, el marxismo, el indigenismo y aun el fascismo) fueron deudoras, en diversa medida, del idealismo “arielista” C) y se encarnaron en personajes con ideas o actitudes “redentoras”, como las del mexicano José Vasconcelos, que quiso ser presidente para “salvar a México” y vio en América Latina la cuna de una “Raza Cósmica”, o las más terrenales del peruano José Carlos Mariátegui, que profetizó (预言) la convergencia revolucionaria entre el marxismo y el indigenismo.En el verano de 1968 estalló en México un movimiento estudiantil que se proponía )la apertura de espacios de libertad en un sistema autoritario. El 2 de octubre el Gobierno masacró (杀戮) a decenas de estudiantes en la plaza de Tlatelolco. A raíz de la matanza de Tlatelolco, Octavio Paz, nuestro poeta mayor, renunció a la Embajada de India.Sus lectores esperábamos su regreso para encabezar un partido revolucionario de izquierda. Pero Paz pensó que la batalla central de América Latina era de ideas D) y debía librarse en el ámbito de la literatura. Por eso hizo algo insólito: el 1 de octubre de 1971, fundó la revista Plural y en ella puso casa a la disidencia de izquierda en México y Latinoamérica. E)En diciembre de 1976, apareció la revista Vuelta, heredera de Plural, que circuló ampliamente por el mundo de habla hispana. Era la trinchera de Paz. F) No se ocupaba académicamente de la historia política de América Latina, sino que quería cambiarla . Por eso, postulaba la democracia y combatía las lacras（恶习）derivadas del culto al o tragedia y como farsa, los fantasmas redentores del poder y el dogma siguen rondando la vida latinoamericana. Ningún empeño por eliminarlos se compara al de Mario Vargas Llosa. Su liderazgo intelectual ymoral ha sido indiscutible. En sus obras, como expresó el comité que le otorgó en 2010 el Premio Nobel,Vargas Llosa ha construido una “cartografía (制图学) de las estructuras de poder y el reflejo de éstas en la resistencia del individuo G)en su rebelión y su derrota”. Su tema centralha sido la minuciosa y apasionada crítica de ese poder: el poder de los fanatismos de la identidad (racial, nacional, ideológica, religiosa) y el poder de los dictadores militares o revolucionarios, a quienes detesta por razones casi genéticas. En ese sentido, su trayectoria contrasta con la de Gabriel García Márquez, el otro gran novelista latinoamericano en cuya obra no es difícil advertir una marcada veneración por el hombre fuerte a partir de la cual )se comprende su prolongado servicio a la Revolución cubana y a su amigo, el redentor inmortal.El mesianismo político latinoamericano nació en 1898 en Cuba, cristalizó en Cuba en 1959, y definirá su destino en Cuba, en un futuro cercano. El hechizo de la Revolución fue tan **o lo es ahora el desencanto y la pesadumbre de las generaciones sacrificadas en el altar de un caudillo vitalicio (终生的). Ojalá llegue la hora de la reconstrucción y la reconciliación, la hora de la libertad: obra de demócratas, no de redentores.(Adaptación del artículo del mismo título publicado en El País, el 1 de octubre de 2011)1. SECCIÓN 1Pon en la hoja de respuesta a qué se refiere la parte en cursiva y, en caso de verbo, cuál es el sujeto. (10/100, 0.5×20)Los pensadores liberales del siglo XIX abjuraron de (摒弃) ambos 1)2. En Facundo –su 2) obra clásica sobre el caudillo Facundo Quiroga, “sombra terrible” de las pampas–, Sarmiento recreó al prototipo del poder personal...3. En América Latina el proceso 3) tuvo antecedentes populares en la guerra de independencia mexicana y en los movimientos mesiánicos (信仰救世主的) de Brasil ...4. ... pero su versión moderna 4) nace del agravio (蔑视) contra Estados Unidos a partir de la guerra de 1898.5. Pero las actitudes imperiales del “monstruo” 5) en cuyas entrañas había vivido y cuya democracia y dinamismo había admirado 6) terminaron por decepcionarlo 7) .6. Había que imaginar y construir otra América, distinta y opuesta a la del Norte 8) .7. ... o las más terrenales 9) del peruano José Carlos Mariátegui ...8. En el verano de 1968 estalló en México un movimiento estudiantil que se proponía 10) la apertura de espacios de libertad en un sistema autoritario.9. Sus 11) lectores esperábamos su regreso para encabezar un partido revolucionario de izquierda.10. Pero Paz pensó que la batalla central de América Latina era de ideas y debía librarse 12) en el ámbito de la literatura.11. No se ocupaba 13) académicamente de la historia política de América Latina, sino que quería cambiarla 14) .12. Vargas Llosa ha construido una “cartografía (制图学) de las estructuras de poder y el reflejo de éstas en la resistencia del individuo, en su 15) rebelión y suderrota”.13. ... a quienes detesta 16) por razones casi genéticas.14. ... en cuya obra no es difícil advertir una marcada veneración por el hombre fuerte a partir de la cual 17) se comprende su 18) prolongado servicio a la Revolución cubana y a su amigo, el redentor inmortal.15. ... y definirá su 19) destino en Cuba ...16. El hechizo de la Revolución fue tan **o lo 20) es ahora el desencanto y la pesadumbre de las generaciones sacrificadas en el altar de un caudillo vitalicio (终生的).17. SECCIÓN 2Interpreta en español el sentido de las siguientes oraciones. (15/100)... la Revolución adquirió el prestigio de una nueva aurora de justicia para los pueblos.18. Todavía Martí, ..., pudo soñar con un mundo de repúblicas americanas, orientadas al progreso y respetuosas entre sí.19. ... las más diversas corrientes ideológicas fueron deudoras, en diversa medida, del idealismo “arielista”.20. Paz pensó que la batalla central de América Latina era de ideas21. ... en ella puso casa a la disidencia de izquierda en México y Latinoamérica22. Era la trinchera de Paz23. Vargas Llosa ha construido una “cartografía (制图学) de las estructuras de poder y el reflejo de éstas en la resistencia del individuo ...TRADUCCIÓN1. SECCIÓN 1Traduce al chino el siguiente texto. (16/100)Vivir sin máscarasLa sociedad contemporánea se ha convertido en un gran teatro. Al haber sido educados **portarnos y actuar de una determinada manera, en vez de mostrarnos auténticos, honestos y libres, solemos llevar una máscara puesta y con ella interpretamos a un personaje que es del agrado de los demás. Si bien vivir bajo una máscara nos permite sentirnos más cómodos y seguros, con el tiempo conlleva un precio muy alto: la desconexión con nuestra verdadera esencia. Y en algunos casos, de tanto llevar una máscara, nos olvidamos de quiénes éramos antes de ponérnosla.En nuestra sociedad ha triunfado el denominado “pensamiento único”. Es decir, se cree que lo que la sociedad considera “normal” es lo “bueno” y lo “correcto” para cada uno de nosotros, por más que vaya en contra de nuestra naturaleza. Así que, a pesar del malestar generalizado, solemos priorizar el “cómo nos ven” al “cómo nos sentimos”. Algunos individuos ocultan sus frustraciones tras una fachada artificial que seduzca a los demás. El problema es que, cuanto más intentamos aparentar, más revelamos nuestras carencias. Dime de qué presumes y te diré de qué careces. De hecho, la vanidad no es más que una capa falsa que utilizamos para proyectar una imagen de triunfo. El llamado “prestigio” no es, en el fondo, más que etiquetas con las que cubrir la desnudez que sentimos cuando no nos valoramos por lo que somos.Es **unicarnos con nosotros mismos a través de nuestros pensamientos. Eso sí, debido a losmúltiples elementos con los que hemos sido condicionados, hoy día ser uno mismo es un acto revolucionario.2. SECCIÓN 2Traduce al español el siguiente texto: (16/100)中国私人藏书从春秋战国时期开始到清末被近代图书馆取代为止，有两千多年的历史。
2012年专业英语八级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2012年专业英语八级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. READING COMPREHENSION 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 4. PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION 5. TRANSLATION 6. WRITINGPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.听力原文：Observing Behavior Good morning, everyone! Today we’ll look at how to observe behavior in research. Perhaps you would say it’s easy in that there’s nothing extraordinary. Yes, you may be right. All of us observe behavior every day. For example, when traveling in another country, we can avoid embarrassment by observing how people behave in that culture. And failing to be observant while walking or driving can be life-threatening. We learn by observing people’s behavior. Researchers, too, rely on their observations to learn about behavior, but there are differences. For instance, when we observe casually, we may not be aware of factors that bias our observations. And, and when we rarely keep formal records of our observations, instead, we rely on our memory of events. Observations in research, on the other hand, are made under precisely defined conditions, that is, in a systematic and objective manner, and with careful record-keeping. Then how are we going to conduct observations in our research studies and what do we need to do in order to make a scientific and objective observation? Now as you remember, the primary goal of observation is to describe behavior. But it is, in reality, impossible to observe and describe all of a person’s behavior. So we have to rely on observing samples of people’s behavior. In doing so, we must decide whether the samples represent people’s usual behavior. Thus, we’ll first take a brief look at how researchers select samples of behavior. Before conducting an observation or study, researchers must make a number of important decisions. That’s about when and where observations will be made. As I’ve said before, the researcher cannot observe all behavior. Only certain behaviors occurring at particular times in specific settings can be observed. In other words, behavior must be sampled. In this lecture, I’ll briefly introduce two kinds of sampling, that is, time sampling and situation sampling. Now first, time sampling. Time sampling means that researchers choose various time intervals for their observation. Intervals may be selected systematically or randomly. Suppose we want to observe students’ classroom behavior. Then in systematic time sampling, our observations might be made during five twenty-minute periods beginning every hour.The first observation period could begin at 9 a.m., the second at 10 a.m. and so forth. However, in random sampling, these five twenty-minute periods may be distributed randomly over the course of the day; that is to say, intervals between observation periods could vary, some longer, others shorter. One point I’d like to make is, systematic and random time sampling are not always used in isolation. They are often combined in studies. For example, while observation intervals are scheduled systematically, observations within an interval are made at random times. That means the researcher might decide to observe only during fifteen-second intervals, but randomly distributed within each twenty-minute period. Now let’s come to situation sampling. Then what is situation sampling? It involves studying behavior in different locations and under different circumstances and conditions. By sampling as many different situations as possible, researchers can reduce the chance that their observation results will be particular to a certain set of circumstances and conditions. Why? Because people, or for that manner animals, do not behave in exactly the same way across all situations. For example, children do not always behave the same way with one parent as they do with the other parent, and animals do not behave the same way in zoos as they do in the wild. So by sampling different situations, a researcher can make more objective observations than he would in only a specific situation. Having discussed ways to sample behavior in research, we are now moving on to another issue, that is, what researcher should do to record behavior as it occurs, that is, whether researchers are active or passive in recording behavior. This refers to the methods of observation. Observational methods can be classified as observation with intervention, or observation without intervention. Observation with intervention can be made in at least two ways —participant observation and field experiment. In participant observation observers, that is researchers, play a dual role. They observe people’s behavior and they participate actively in the situation they are observing. If individuals who are being observed know that the observer is present to collect information about their behavior, this is undisguised participant observation. But in disguised participant observation, those who are being observed do not know that they are being observed. Another method of observation with intervention is field experiment. What is a field experiment? When an observer controls one or more conditions in a natural setting, in order to determine they’ve effect on behavior, this procedure is called field experiment. The field experiment represents the most extreme form of intervention in observational methods. The essential difference between field experiments and other observational methods is that researchers have more control in field experiments. Now let’s take a look at observation without intervention. Observation without intervention is also called naturalistic observation, because its main purpose’s to describe behavior as it normally occurs, that is, in a natural setting, without any attempt by the observer to intervene. An observer using this method of observation acts as a passive recorder of what occurs. The events occur naturally and are not controlled by the observer. OK, in today’s lecture we have focused on how to make decisions of sampling before beginning our observation, and what we can do during observation. I hope what we’ve discussed will help you in your future research design.Observing Behavior People do observation in daily life context for safety or for proper behavior. However, there are differences in daily-life observation and research observation.A. Differences —daily life observation -casual -(1)______ (1)______ -dependence on memory —research observation -(2)______ (2)______ -careful record keepingB. Ways to select samples in research —time sampling -systematic: e.g. fixed intervals every hour -random: fixed intervals but (3)______ (3)______Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination. —(4)______ (4)______ -definition: selection of different locations -reason: humans’or animals’behaviour (5)______across circumstances (5)______ -(6)______: more objective observations (6)______C. Ways to record behavior (7)______ (7) ______ —observation with intervention -participant observation: researcher as observer and participant -field experiment: researcher (8)______over conditions (8)______ —observation without intervention -purpose; describing behaviour (9)______ (9)______ _(10)_____: no intervention (10)______ -researcher: a passive recorder1．正确答案：rare formal records/rare record keeping解析：本题涉及daily life observation的特点。
西班牙语往年等级考试真题
西班牙语往年等级考试真题西方语速比较快，所以我们在初学西班牙语的时候肯定要打好基础，为以后的实战做好预备。
每天坚持听各种西班牙语教材至少15分钟以上，最初重点在于练习语感。
下面给大家带来关于西班牙语等级考试真题，盼望对你们有所关心。
西班牙语往年考试真题第一部分听力理解一、单项选择(每小题1分，共10题，共10分。
)依据对话的内容，从选项中选择一个正确答案填写在空格内，对话只播放1遍。
对话1：1. El chico no fue a ver la exposición, porque:a) creía que era una pérdida de tiempo;b) la visita cansaba mucho;c) no sabía que había una exposición;d) había demasiada gente.2. La chica lamentaba que:a) él se hubiera perdido entre los visitantes;b) en el acto de inauguración no estuviera el alcalde;c) no hubiera mucha gente de importancia;d) él no hubiera podido conocer las pinturas de Goya ni a la gente de importancia.对话2：3. La se漀爀愀se quejó de la asistenta, porque:a) salió del trabajo muy temprano, más o menos a las tres de la tarde;b) al salir, ni siquiera saludó a la se漀爀愀;c) no realizó ningún trabajo doméstico;d) el trabajo casi no le importaba.4. La primera asistenta que le habían mandado el día anterior fue aún peor, pues:a) no lavó la ropa; b) no fregó el piso;c) ni limpió los muebles; d) ni siquiera llegó a casa.对话3：5. El chcio tuvo mala suerte:a) su autobús estuvo atascado por dos horas en una esquina;b) el metro en que viajaba tuvo una avería;c) las ruedas de su coche no se encontraban bien;d) la carretera estaba cerrada aquella ma愀渀愀.6. La chica le aconsejó:a) llegar a la oficina más temprano por la ma愀渀愀;b) vivir en la misma oficina para ahorrarse los viajes;c) no sorprenderla más con sus problemas;d) despreocuparse de los problemas del tráfico..对话4：7. Los dos jueces trataban de ponerse de acuerdo:a) a ambos les interesaba el primer aspirante;b) la juez quería saber si su colega prefería al primero;c) el juez prefería al tercero;d) dice el juez que de todos modos don Jorge quería que le ofrecieran el puesto al primero.8. Para don Jorge lo más importante en un aspirante era:a) sus conocimientos profesionales;b) su disposición de colaborar;c) su capacidad de trabajo;d) el apellido familiar.对话5：9. La se漀爀愀dice que en el campo se puede :a) ir en carro a todas partes;b) apreciar mejor la naturaleza;c) madrugar menos que en la ciudad;d) vivir con muchas ventajas y comodidades.10. El se漀爀opina que antes de mudarse a la ciudad,a) no había vivido nunca en una casa de campo;b) no había visto películas con mucha frecuencia;c) había visto muchas autopistas en un solo lugar;d) había visitado museos y había visto obras de teatro.二、填空(每小题1分，共10题，共10分。
2012年英语专业八级考试真题
2012年英语专业八级考试真题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12012年英语专业八级考试真题Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part ,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Internet and Social Networking .You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 网络给我们的生活带来了很多便利2. 社交网络成为一种流行的交友方式3. 你喜欢通过社交网络结识新朋友吗Internet and Social NetworkingWith the rapid development of information technology, the Internet has become an indispensable part of our daily life. It brings us great convenience in many aspects, such as shopping, communication, and entertainment. Social networking, as a popular way to make friends, has also gained momentum in recent years.As a social platform, social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram allow people to connect with others, share information, and stay in touch with friends and family. It has become a new way of communication in the digital age. However, some people may argue that social networking lacks the face-to-face interaction and personal touch that traditional friendships provide.Personally, I enjoy using social networking to meet new people and expand my social circle. It allows me to connect with like-minded individuals, exchange ideas, and learn about different cultures. However, I also value the importance of offline interactions and believe that a healthy balance between online and offline relationships is crucial.In conclusion, the Internet and social networking have revolutionized the way we communicate and interact with others. While it offers convenience and new opportunities for socialization, it is essential to use it wisely and maintain a balance between virtual and real-life connections.篇22012年英语专业八级考试真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)When I was a child, my world was filled with 1. ______. I was surrounded by books and movies that romanticized the idea of love. It was not until many years later that I realized that love was not always about grand gestures and 2. ______ declarations. Love is often silent and 3. ______, found in the small moments that make up a life. I learned this lesson from my grandparents.My grandparents were married for over 60 years, and although they were not ones to show 4. ______ affection, their love for each other was evident in the way they 5. ______ their lives together. It was in the gentle touch of my grandfather's hand on my grandmother's back as they walked down the street, or in the way my grandmother would pack my grandfather's lunch every morning before he left for work. It was in the simple act of 6. ______ hands as they sat on the couch watching TV, or in the way they would share a knowing smile across the dinner table.I remember one particular evening when my grandparents were hosting a dinner party for their friends. I sat at the kitchentable, watching as my grandmother bustled about, setting the table and preparing the food. My grandfather sat quietly at the head of the table, a small smile playing on his lips as he 7. ______ the room. Every now and then, he would reach out and touch my grandmother's hand, a quick, almost 8. ______ gesture that spoke volumes about their love for each other.As I sat there, taking in the scene before me, I realized that love was not about grand gestures or 9. ______ declarations. It was about the small, everyday moments that made up a life. It was about the way my grandparents looked at each other across the room, the way they held hands as they walked down the street, and the way they shared a simple meal together.From that day on, I vowed to 10. ______ the lessons of love that my grandparents had taught me. I learned that love is not always loud or flashy, but often quiet and subtle, found in the small moments that make up a life.1. A. fantasies B. realities C. dreams D. desires2. A. bold B. loud C. grand D. striking3. A. elusive B. evident C. explicit D. obscure4. A. external B. emotional C. physical D. public5. A. spent B. valued C. shared D. planned6. A. shaking B. holding C. clapping D. raising7. A. surveyed B. ignored C. observed D. spotted8. A. invisible B. imperceptible C. irrelevant D. insensible9. A. exaggerated B. boastful C. explicit D. discreet10. A. reflect B. cherish C. neglect D. abandonSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Many people believe that air travel is a comfortable and convenient way to travel, but it is becoming increasingly apparent that this is not always the case. Recent surveys have indicated that a growing number of passengers are dissatisfied with the service they receive on airlines, and the problem is only getting worse.One of the main complaints from passengers is the lack of space on planes. With airlines packing more seats into each plane in order to maximize profits, passengers often find themselves crammed into tiny seats with little legroom. This can be uncomfortable for even the shortest flight, but on long-haul flights, it can be downright unbearable. Airlines argue that the increased number of seats allows them to keep ticket prices low, but passengers are increasingly willing to pay more for a comfortable seat and a better flying experience.Another common complaint is the lack of customer service on airlines. With cutbacks in staff and an increased focus on efficiency, airlines are often unable to provide the level of service that passengers expect. Flight attendants are overworked and underpaid, which can lead to a lack of attention to passengers' needs and concerns. This lack of personal service can make flying a frustrating experience for many passengers.In addition to these issues, passengers are also unhappy with the quality of food and beverages served on airlines. With airlines trying to cut costs wherever possible, the quality ofin-flight meals has declined in recent years. Many passengers report being served unappetizing and unhealthy meals, or being charged exorbitant prices for snacks and beverages. This canleave passengers feeling like they are being taken advantage of by the airlines they are paying to fly with.Overall, it is clear that there are many areas in which airlines can improve in order to provide a better flying experience for their passengers. From increasing seat sizes and improving customer service to providing better quality and more affordable food and beverages, there are many changes that could be made to make air travel a more pleasant experience for all.11. According to recent surveys, what are passengers increasingly dissatisfied with?A. The lack of space on planesB. The lack of customer service on airlinesC. The quality of food and beverages served on airlinesD. All of the above12. Why do airlines pack more seats into each plane?A. To maximize profitsB. To provide more comfort for passengersC. To increase the quality of in-flight mealsD. To reduce ticket prices13. What is one of the main complaints about customer service on airlines?A. Flight attendants are overworked and underpaidB. Airlines provide too much attention to passengers' needsC. Airlines focus too much on efficiencyD. Airlines have too many staff members14. What has happened to the quality of in-flight meals in recent years?A. It has increasedB. It has remained the sameC. It has declinedD. It has become more affordable15. What does the author suggest airlines should do to improve the flying experience for passengers?A. Increase seat sizesB. Improve customer serviceC. Provide better quality and more affordable food and beveragesD. All of the aboveText 2As the world becomes increasingly digital, the role of libraries in society is changing. Once seen as quiet places for reading and research, libraries are now transforming into community hubs that offer a wide range of services to their patrons.One of the main changes in libraries in recent years is the introduction of digital resources. Many libraries now offere-books and audiobooks that patrons can borrow online. This allows people to access books and other materials without having to physically visit the library. In addition, many libraries offer digital subscriptions to newspapers and magazines, as well as access to online databases and learning resources. These resources can be accessed from anywhere with an internet connection, making it easier for people to access information and educational materials.In addition to digital resources, libraries are also becoming more community-focused. Many libraries now offer programs and events that cater to a wide range of interests and age groups. From children's storytime sessions to adult education classes, libraries are working to engage with their communities andprovide valuable services beyond just lending books. This shift towards a more community-focused approach has proven successful in attracting new patrons and increasing the relevance of libraries in today's digital age.Overall, the changing role of libraries in society is a positive development that has allowed libraries to remain relevant in an increasingly digital world. By adapting to meet the changing needs of their patrons and offering a wider range of services, libraries are able to continue to serve as vital community resources in the 21st century.16. What is one of the main changes in libraries in recent years?A. The introduction of digital resourcesB. The closure of libraries in many communitiesC. The focus on quiet reading and researchD. The decrease in the number of patrons17. How do digital resources in libraries benefit patrons?A. They allow patrons to access books and materials onlineB. They require patrons to physically visit the libraryC. They are not available to patrons with an internet connectionD. They are limited to certain age groups18. What other services besides books and other materials do libraries now offer?A. Subscriptions to newspapers and magazinesB. Access to online databases and learning resourcesC. Programs and events catering to a wide range of interestsD. All of the above19. Why has the shift towards a more community-focused approach been successful for libraries?A. It allows them to engage with their communitiesB. It has increased funding for librariesC. It decreases patronageD. It limits the relevance of libraries in the digital age20. What does the author suggest has allowed libraries to remain relevant in an increasingly digital world?A. Adapting to meet the changing needs of their patronsB. Offering a wider range of servicesC. Both A and BD. Neither A nor BText 3The use of social media in the workplace is a controversial topic that has sparked much debate in recent years. While some argue that social media can be a valuable tool for communication and collaboration, others believe that it can be a distraction and a threat to productivity.One of the main arguments in favor of social media in the workplace is that it allows for increased communication and collaboration among employees. With platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn, employees can easily connect with colleagues, share ideas, and collaborate on projects. This can lead to increased creativity and innovation in the workplace, as well as improved teamwork and communication. In addition, social media can be a valuable tool for networking and building relationships with clients and customers, which can help businesses grow and succeed.However, critics of social media in the workplace argue that it can be a major distraction that can decrease productivity andfocus. With the constant stream of updates, notifications, and messages, employees can easily become overwhelmed and lose focus on their work. In addition, the use of social media can lead to security risks for businesses, as employees may inadvertently share sensitive information or fall victim to phishing attacks. This can have serious consequences for businesses, including loss of revenue and damage to their reputation.Overall, the use of social media in the workplace is a complex issue that requires careful consideration and management. While it can be a valuable tool for communication and collaboration, it can also be a distraction and a threat to productivity. By setting clear guidelines and expectations for social media use, businesses can harness the benefits of social media while minimizing the risks.21. What are some of the benefits of social media in the workplace?A. Increased communication and collaboration among employeesB. Improved creativity and innovationC. Networking and building relationships with clients and customersD. All of the above22. How can social media be a distraction in the workplace?A. By allowing employees to easily connect with colleaguesB. By providing a constant stream of updates, notifications, and messagesC. By improving teamwork and communicationD. By fostering creativity and innovation23. What potential security risks do critics of social media in the workplace point out?A. Loss of revenue and damage to reputationB. Sharing sensitive informationC. Falling victim to phishing attacksD. All of the above24. How can businesses harness the benefits of social media while minimizing the risks?A. By banning the use of social media in the workplaceB. By setting clear guidelines and expectations for social media useC. By increasing the use of social mediaD. By limiting communication and collaboration among employees25. What is the main point of the text?A. Social media in the workplace is a valuable tool for communication and collaborationB. Social media in the workplace is a major distraction and a threat to productivityC. Social media in the workplace has sparked much debate in recent yearsD. Social media in the workplace requires careful consideration and managementText 4The education system in many countries is facing significant challenges in the 21st century. With rapid advances in technology and changes in the job market, schools are struggling to keep up with the evolving needs of students and societies.One of the main challenges facing the education system is the need to prepare students for an increasingly digital world.With computers and the internet playing a central role in virtually every aspect of modern life, students need to develop digital literacy skills in order to succeed in the workforce. This has led to calls for schools to introduce more technology-based learning tools and resources, as well as to teach students how to use technology in a responsible and ethical manner.In addition to the need for digital literacy skills, schools are also facing challenges in preparing students for a rapidly changing job market. Many traditional jobs are being automated or outsourced, while new jobs in fields such as artificial intelligence and renewable energy are emerging. This has led to calls for schools to focus more on teaching critical thinking, problem-solving, and creativity, rather than just rote memorization and test-taking skills. By developing these skills, students will be better prepared to adapt to the changing job market and succeed in a wide range of careers.Overall, the challenges facing the education system are significant, but by adapting to meet the evolving needs of students and societies, schools can continue to provide a valuable and relevant education to future generations. By focusing on digital literacy, critical thinking, problem-solving,and creativity, schools can prepare students for success in a rapidly changing world.26. What are some of the challenges facing the education system in the 21st century?A. Preparing students for an increasingly digital worldB. Educating students in a rapidly changing job marketC. Developing digital literacy skillsD. All of the above27. Why do students need to develop digital literacy skills?A. To succeed in the workforceB. To improve their test-taking skillsC. To decrease their creativityD. To memorize more information28. What skills are schools being called to focus on in preparing students for a rapidly changing job market?A. Critical thinkingB. Problem-solvingC. CreativityD. All of the above29. How can schools continue to provide a valuable and relevant education to future generations?A. By offering more traditional jobsB. By focusing on digital literacy, critical thinking,problem-solving, and creativityC. By decreasing the use of technology-based learning tools and resourcesD. By improving students' rote memorization skills30. What is the main point of the text?A. Schools are struggling to keep up with the evolving needs of students and societiesB. Students need to develop digital literacy skills in order to succeed in the workforceC. Schools are facing challenges in preparing students for a rapidly changing job marketD. By focusing on digital literacy, critical thinking, problem-solving, and creativity, schools can prepare students for success in a rapidly changing worldPart BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Universe is incredibly vast and mysterious, filled with billions of galaxies, each containing billions of stars. Our own Solar System is just a tiny speck in this vast expanse of space, yet it is the only place we know of that contains life. But how did it all come to be? How did the Universe go from being a hot, dense soup of particles to the complex and diverse cosmos we see today?The prevailing theory of the origin of the Universe is the Big Bang theory. According to this theory, the Universe began as a small, hot, dense point around 13.8 billion years ago. This point, known as a singularity, contained all the matter and energy that would go on to form the galaxies, stars, and planets we see today.The Universe has been expanding ever since, with galaxies moving away from each other as space itself expands.One of the pieces of evidence for the Big Bang theory is the cosmic microwave background radiation. This faint glow of radiation fills the Universe and is thought to be the leftover heat from the Big Bang. Another important piece of evidence is the abundance of light elements such as hydrogen and helium. These elements are thought to have been formed in the first few minutes after the Big Bang, when the Universe was hot and dense enough to allow nuclear reactions to occur.Despite the success of the Big Bang theory in explaining the large-scale structure of the Universe, there are still many unanswered questions about the nature of the Universe. For example, scientists are still unsure about what dark matter and dark energy, which are thought to make up the majority of the Universe, are made of. They are also unsure about the ultimate fate of the Universe, and whether it will continue to expand forever or eventually collapse back in on itself.A. The Universe is incredibly vast and mysterious, filled with billions of galaxies, each containing billions of stars.B. Our own Solar System is just a tiny speck in this vast expanse of space, yet it is the only place we know of that contains life.C. According to this theory, the Universe began as a small, hot, dense point around 13.8 billion years ago.D. This faint glow of radiation fills the Universe and is thought to be the leftover heat from the Big Bang.E. These elements are thought to have been formed in the first few minutes after the Big Bang, when the Universe was hot and dense enough to allow nuclear reactions to occur.F. Despite the success of the Big Bang theory in explaining the large-scale structure of the Universe, there are still many unanswered questions about the nature of the Universe.G. For example, scientists are still unsure about what dark matter and dark energy, which are thought to make up the majority of the Universe, are made of.H. They are also unsure about the ultimate fate of the Universe, and whether it will continue to expand forever or eventually collapse back in on itself.Text 5It is generally believed that smoking causes harm to human health, with smoking-related diseases such as lung cancer and heart disease being major causes of death worldwide. However, a recent study has shed new light on the relationship between smoking and health, suggesting that the risks may not be as clear-cut as previously thought.The study, which was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, analyzed data from over 45,000 men and women over a period of 30 years. The researchers found that while smoking was indeed associated with an increased risk of developing smoking-related diseases, the risks varied depending on the amount and duration of smoking. For example, heavy smokers were found to be at a much higher risk of developing lung cancer than light smokers, while former smokers had a lower risk than current smokers.One of the surprising findings of the study was that light smokers, defined as those who smoked less than five cigarettes per day, did not have a significantly increased risk of dying from smoking-related diseases. This suggests that the risks of smoking may be dose-dependent, with heavier smokers facing a much higher risk than lighter smokers. The study also found that quitting smoking at any age was associated with a reduced riskof developing smoking-related diseases, highlighting the benefits of quitting smoking at any stage in life.Overall, the study has raised questions about the traditional view of smoking as a one-size-fits-all risk factor for disease. While smoking is still associated with an篇32012年英语专业八级考试真题Part I: Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section A:Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.1. A) She's from Canada.B) She's from Europe.C) She's from Asia.D) She's from America.2. A) She’s going to visit her cousin.B) She’s going to visit her friends.C) She’s going to visit her grandparents.D) She’s going to visit her uncle.3. A) The man is late for a meeting.B) The man needs a pencil.C) The man needs to buy more books.D) The man needs to make a telephone call.Section B:Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) Speeches made by business leaders.B) Speeches made by diplomats.C) Special features about the UN headquarters.D) An office building where various events are held.12. A) The way people dress.B) The way people speak.C) The way people behave.D) The way people express themselves.13. A) The Capital of the United States.B) The United Nations headquarters.C) The Washington Hotel.D) The Pentagon Building.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) It has been sold to an American businessman.B) It will be used as a private residence.C) It was designed by a famous musician.D) It will be used as a museum.15. A) Sitting on a couch.B) Walking on a treadmill.C) Jogging on a runner.D) Lying in bed.16. A) He thinks people in Paris are not friendly.B) He thinks the service in Paris is bad.C) He thinks the hotels in Paris are dirty.D) He thinks people in Paris are not trustworthy.Passage ThreeQuestions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. A) 12 hours per week.B) 16 hours per week.C) 20 hours per week.D) 24 hours per week.18. A) He prefers playing sports to watching TV.B) He enjoys watching TV with his parents.C) He prefers watching news programs.D) He enjoys watching cartoon programs.19. A) Near the school.B) Next to the shopping center.C) Opposite the theater.D) Beside the library.20. A) It's only 20 minutes away by car.B) It's half an hour away by bus.C) It's not far from his home.D) It's an hour’s walk.Part II: Reading Comprehension (15 minutes)Directions: There are four reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.21. A) The characters on "The Bill" are professionals.B) "The Bill" is well known all over the UK.C) "The Bill" is popular in the U.S.D) "The Bill" focuses on such issues as drugs and racism.22. A) A police station.B) The personal lives of policemen.C) Methods of dealing with crime.D) The home of a senior policeman.23. A) Solving crimes.B) Organizing the police force.C) Patrolling the streets.D) Training new policemen.24. A) The police force was undergoing changes nationally.B) The police force had too many officers.C) The police force was unpopular.D) The police force was losing funding.25. A) The characters speak in a rough British dialect.B) The show has a popular weekly competition.C) The characters are often involved in dramas.D) The show has been cancelled.Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the passage you have just heard26. A) They can be told whether pressured or not.B) They can influence the way we act.C) They can reveal our true feelings.D) They can show we are friendly.27. A) They are always sincere.B) They are only relevant in some jobs.C) They can never deceive anyone.D) They may not represent the true feelings of those who use them.28. A) The smile on Angela’s face revealed her anxiety.B) George's smile indicated he was confident in his final exam.C) Her colleagues interpreted her smile of approval.D) The factory workers’ manners revealed their hostility.29. A) Somebody is speaking angrily.B) Somebody is giving a polite request.C) Somebody is expressing agreement.D) Somebody is showing unwillingness.30. A) She felt someone had given her some advice.B) She was not satisfied with the way she had been treated.C) She realized somebody had been annoyed by her behavior.D) She gave approval to something said during the conversation.Passage Three。
2012年专业英语八级真题及答案解析
2012年专业英语八级真题及答案解析(1~10/共10题)PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. while listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but yon will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. when the lecture is over, yon will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Play00:0008:57VolumeObserving BehaviourPeople do observation in daily life context for safety or f or proper behaviour. However, there are differences in daily-life observation and research observation.A. Differences—daily life observation-casual-__1__-dependence on memory—research observation-__2__-careful record keepingB. Ways to select samples in research—time sampling-systematic:e.g. fixed intervals every hour-random: fixed intervals but __3__Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination.—__4__-definition: selection of different locations-reason: humans´ or animals´ behaviour__5__acrosscircumstances-__6__: more objective observationsC. Ways to record behaviour __7__—observation with intervention-participant observation: researcher as observer and participant-field experiment: research __8__over conditions—observation without intervention-purpose: describing behaviour __9__-__10__: no intervention-researcher: a passive recorder第1题第2题第3题第4题第5题第6题第7题第8题第9题第10题下一题(11~15/共5题)SECTION BIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your ANSWER SHEET.Play00:0006:55Volume第11题Which of the following statements about creativity is INCORRECT?A.Creativity stems from human beings´ novel thinking.B.The duration of the creative process varies from person to person.C.Creative people focus on novel thinking rather than on solutions.D.The outcome of human creativity comes in varied forms.第12题The interviewee cites the Bach family to show that creativityA.seems to be attributable to genetic makeup.B.appears to be the result of the environment.C.appears to be more associated with great people.es from both environment and genetic makeup.第13题How many types of the creative process does the interviewee describe?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.第14题Which of the following features of a creative personality is NOT mentioned in the interview?A.Unconventional.B.Critical.C.Resolute.D.Original.第15题The interviewee´s suggestion for a creativity workout supports the view thatA.brain exercising will not make people creative.B.most people have diversified interests and hobbies.C.creativity can only be found in great people.D.the environment is significant in the creative process.上一题下一题(1/5)SECTION CIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your ANSWER SHEET.Play00:0001:27Volume第16题What is the news item mainly about?A.A problem in the cooling system was solved.B.A 350-kilogram ammonia pump was removed.C.U.S. astronauts made three space walks.D.An international space station was set up.上一题下一题(17~18/共5题)SECTION CIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your ANSWER SHEET.Play00:0001:39Volume第17题In which country would parents often threaten to punish children by leaving them outside?A.India.B.Egypt.C.The Philippines.D.Not mentioned.第18题What is the main purpose of the study?A.To reveal cultural differences and similarities.B.To investigate ways of physical punishment.C.To analyze child behaviour across countries.D.To expose cases of child abuse and punishment.上一题下一题(19~20/共5题)SECTION CIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your ANSWER SHEET.Play00:0001:15Volume第19题According to the news item, Japan´s economic growth in the second quarter was ______ less than the first quarter.A.4 percentB.3 percentC.0.6 percentD.3.4 percent第20题How many reasons does the news item cite for Japan´s slow economic growth?A.2.B.3.C.4.D.5上一题下一题(21~26/共20题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.I used to look at my closet and see clothes. These days, whenever I cast´my eyes upon the stacks of shoes and hangers of shirts, sweaters and jackets, I see water.It takes 569 gallons to manufacture a T-shirt, from its start in the cotton fields to its appearance on store shelves. A pair of running shoes? 1,247 gallons.Until last fall, I´d been oblivious to my "water footprint", which is defined as the total volume of freshwater that is used to produce goods and services, according to the Water Footprint Network. The Dutch nonprofit has been working to raise awareness of freshwater scarcity since 2008, but it was through the "Green Blue Book" by Thomas M. Kostigen that I was able to see how my own actions factored in.I´ve installed gray-water systems to reuse the wastewater from my laundry machine and bathtub and reroute it to my landscape-systems that save, on average, 50 gallons of water per day. I´ve set up rain barrels and infiltration pits to collect thousands of gallons of storm water cascading from my roof. I´ve even entered the last bastion of greendom-installing a composting toilet.Suffice to say, I´ve been feeling pretty satisfied with myself for all the drinking water I´ve saved with these big-ticket projects.Now I realize that my daily consumption choices could have an even larger effect-not only on the local water supply but also globally: 1.1 billion people have no access to freshwater, and, in the future, those who do have access will have less of it.To see how much virtual water 1 was using, I logged on to the "Green Blue Book" website and used its water footprint calculator, entering my daily consumption habits. Tallying up the water footprint of my breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks, as well as my daily dose of over-the-counter uppers and downers- coffee, wine and beer- I´m using 512 gallons of virtual water each day just to feed myself.In a word: alarming.Even more alarming was how much hidden water I was using to get dressed. I´m hardly a clotheshorse, but the few new items I buy once again trumped the amount of water flowing from my faucets each day. If I´m serious about saving water, I realized I could make some simple lifestyle shifts. Looking more closely at the areas in my life that use the most virtual water, it was food and clothes, specifically meat, coffee and, oddly, blue jeans and leather jackets.Being a motorcyclist, I own an unusually large amount of leather-boots and jackets in particular. All of it is enormously water intensive. It takes 7,996 gallons to make a leather jacket, leather being a byproduct of beef. It takes 2,866 gallons of water to make a single pair of blue jeans, because they´ re made from water-hogging cotton.Crunching the numbers for the amount of clothes I buy every year, it looks a lot like my friend´s swimming pool. My entire closet is borderline Olympic.Gulp.My late resolution is to buy some items used. Underwear and socks are, of course, exempt fromthis strategy, but I have no problem shopping less and also shopping at Goodwill. In fact, I´d been doing that for the past year to save money My clothes´ outrageous water footprint just reinforced it for me.More conscious living and substitution, rather than sacrifice, are the prevailing ideas with the water footprint. It´s one I´m trying, and that´s had an unusual upside. I had a hamburger recently; and I enjoyed it a lot more since it is now an occasional treat rather than a weekly habit.(One gallon =3.8 litres)第21题According to the passage, the Water Footprint NetworkA.worked for freshwater conservation for nonprofit purposes.B.collaborated with the Green Blue Book in freshwater conservation.C.made the author aware of freshwater shortage.D.helped the author get to know the Green Blue Book.第22题Which of the following reasons can best explain the author´s feeling of self-satisfaction?A.His house was equipped with advanced water-saving facilities.B.Money spent on upgrading his household facilities was worthwhile.C.He made contribution to drinking water conservation in his own way.D.He could have made even greater contribution by changing his lifestyle.第23题According to the context, "...how my own actions factored in" meansA.how I could contribute to water conservation.B.how much of what I did contributed to freshwater shortage.C.what behaviour could be counted as freshwater-saving.D.what efforts I should make to save fresh water第24题According to the passage, the author was more alarmed by the fact thatA.he was having more meat and coffee.B.his lifestyle was too extravagant.C.globally there will be less fresh water.D.his clothes used even more virtual water.第25题"My entire closet is borderline Olympic" is an example ofA.analogy.B.exaggeration.C.understatement.D.euphemism.第26题What is the tone of the author in the last paragraph?A.Sarcastic.B.Ironic.C.Critical.D.Humorous.上一题下一题(27~31/共20题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.In her novel of "Reunion, American Style", Rona Jaffe suggests that a class reunion "is more than a sentimental journey. It is also a way of answering the question that lies at the back of nearly all our minds. Did they do better than I?"Jaffe´s observation may be misplaced but not completely lost. According to a study conducted by social psychologist Jack Sparacino, the overwhelming majority who attend reunions aren´t there invidiously to compare their recent accomplishments with those of their former classmates. Instead, they hope, primarily, to relive their earlier successes.Certainly, a few return to show their former classmates how well they have done; others enjoy observing the changes that have occurred in their classmates (not always in themselves, of course). But the majority who attend their class reunions do so to relive the good times they remember having when they were younger. In his study, Sparacino found that, as high school students, attendees had been more popular, more often regarded as attractive, and more involved in extracurricular activities than those dassmates who chose not to attend. For those who turned up at their reunions, then, the old times were also the good times!It would appear that Americans have a special fondness for reunions, judging by their prevalence. Major league baseball players, fraternity members, veterans groups, high school and college graduates, and former Boy Scouts all hold reunions on a regular basis. In addition, family reunions frequently attract blood relatives from faraway places who spend considerable money and time to reunite.Actually, in their affection for reuniting with friends, family or colleagues, Americans are probably no different from any other people, except that Americans have created a mind-boggling number and variety of institutionalized forms of gatherings to facilitate the satisfaction of this desire. Indeed, reunions have increasingly become formal events that are organized on a regular basis and, in the process, they have also become big business.Shell Norris of Class Reunion, Inc., says that Chicago alone has 1,500 high school reunions each year. A conservative estimate on the national level would be 10,000 annually. At one time, all high school reunions were organized by volunteers, usually female homemakers. In the last few years, however, as more and more women have entered the labour force, alumni reunions are increasingly being planned by specialized companies rather than by part-time volunteers.The first college reunion was held by the alumni of Yale University in 1792. Graduates of Pennsylvania, Princeton, Stanford, and Brown followed suit. And by the end of the 19th century, most 4-year institutions were holding alumni reunions.The variety of college reunions is impressive. At Princeton, alumni parade through the town wearing their class uniforms and singing their alma mater. At Marietta College, they gather for a dinner-dance on a steamship cruising the Ohio River.Clearly, the thought of cruising on a steamship or marching through the streets is usually not, by itself, sufficient reason for large numbers of alumni to return to campus. Alumni who decide to attend their reunions share a common identity based on the years they spent together as undergraduates. For this reason, universities that somehow establish a common bond - for example, because they are relatively small or especially prestigious - tend to draw substantialnumbers of their alumni to reunions. In an effort to enhance this common identity, larger colleges and universities frequently build their dass reunions on participation in smaller units, such as departments or schools. Or they encourage "affinity reunions" for groups of former cheerleaders, editors, hatemity members, musicians, members of military organizations on campus, and the like.Of course, not every alumnus is fond of his or her alma mater. Students who graduated during the late 1960s may be especially reluctant to get involved in alumni events. They were part of the generation that conducted sit-ins and teach-ins directed at university administrators, protested military recruitment on campus and marched against "establishment politics." If this generation has a common identity, it may fall outside of their university ties - or even be hostile to them. Even as they enter their middle years, alumni who continue to hold unpleasant memories of college during this period may not wish to attend class reunions.第27题According to the passage, Sparacino´s studyA.found that interest in reunions was linked with school experience.B.found evidence for attendees´ intense desire for showing off success.C.showed that attendees tended to excel in high school study.D.provided strong evidence for Jaffe´s statement.第28题Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a distinct feature of U.S. class reunions?A.Class reunions have become a profitable business.B.Class reunions have brought about a variety of activities.C.Reunions are regular and formal events organized by professional agencies.D.U.S. class reunions are usually occasions to show off one´s recent success.第29题What mainly attracts many people to return to campus for reunion?A.Shared experience beyond the eampus.B.Shared undergraduate experience on campus.C.The special status their university enjoys.D.The variety of activities for class reunion.第30题The rhetorical function of the first paragraph is toA.serve as prelude to the author´s argument.B.present the author´s counterargument.C.introduce Rona Jeffe´s novel.D.bring into foeus contrasting opinions.第31题What is the passage mainly about?A.Alumni reunions and American university traditions.B.Alumni reunion and its soeial and eeonomie implieations.C.Reasons for popularity and (non)attendance for alumni reunions.D.A historical perspective for alumni reunions in the United States.上一题下一题(32~35/共20题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.One time while on his walk George met Mr. Cattanzara coming home very late from work. He wondered if he was drunk but then could tell he wasn´t. Mr. Cattanzara, a stocky, bald-headed man who worked in a change booth on an IRT station, lived on the next block after George´s, above a shoe repair store. Nights, during the hot weather, he sat on his stoop in an undershirt, reading the New York Times in the fight of the shoemaker´s window. He read it from the first page to the last, then went up to sleep. And all the time he was reading the paper, his wife, a fat woman with a white face, leaned out of the window, gazing into the street, her thick white arms folded under her loose breast, on the window ledge.Once in a while Mr. Cattanzara came home drunk, but it was a quiet drunk. He never made any trouble, only walked stiffly up the street and slowly climbed the stairs into the hall. Though drunk he looked the same as always, except for his tight walk, the quietness, and that his eyes were wet. George liked Mr. Cattanzara because he remembered him giving him nickels to buy lemon ice with when he was a squirt. Mr. Cattanzara was a different type than those in the neighbourhood. He asked different questions than the others when he met you, and he seemed to know what went on in all the newspapers. He read them, as his fat sick wife watched from the window. "What are you doing with yourself this summer, George?" Mr. Cattanzara asked. "I see you walkin´ around at night."George felt embarrassed. "I like to walk.""What are you doin´ in the day now?""Nothing much just now. I´m waiting for a job." Since it shamed him to admit that he wasn´t working, George said, "I´m reading a lot to pick up my education.""What are you readin´?"George hesitated, then said, "I got a fist of books in the library once and now I´m gonna read them this summer." He felt strange and a little unhappy saying this, but he wanted Mr. Cattanzara to respect him."How many books are there on it?""I never counted them. Maybe around a hundred."Mr. Cattanzara whistled through his teeth."I figure if 1 did that," George went on earnestly, "it would help me in my education. 1 don´t mean the kind they give you in high school. I want to know different things than they learn there, if you know what I mean."The change maker nodded. "Still and all, one hundred books is a pretty big load for one summer.""It might take longer."´After you´re finished with some, maybe you and I can shoot the breeze about them?" said Mr Cattanzara."When I´m finished," George answered.Mr. Cattanzara went home and George continued on his walk. After that, though he had the urge to, George did nothing different from usual. He still took his walks at night, ending up in the little park. But one evening the shoemaker on the next block stopped George to say he was a good boy, and George figured that Mr. Cattanzara had told him all about the books he wasreading. From the shoemaker it must have gone down the street, because George saw a couple of people smiling kindly at him, though nobody spoke to him personally. He felt a little better around the neighbourhood and liked it more, though not so much he would want to live in it forever. He had never exactly disliked the people in it, yet he had never liked them very much either. It was the fault of the neighbourhood. To his surprise, George found out that his father and his sister Sophie knew about his reading too. His father was too shy to say anything about it - he was never much of a talker in his whole life -but Sophie was softer to George, and she showed him in other ways she was proud of him.第32题In the excerpt, Mr. Cattanzara was described as a man whoA.showed a wide interest.B.was fond of drinking.C.often worked overtime.D.liked to gossip after work.第33题It can be inferred from the passage thatA.George lied at the beginning and then became serious.B.George was forced to tell a lie and then regretted.C.Mr. Cattanzara was doubtful about George throughout.D.Mr. Cattanzara was surprised at George´s reading plan.第34题After the street conversation with Mr. Cattanzara, GeorgeA.remained the same as usual.B.became more friendly with Mr. Cattanzara.C.began to like his neighbours more than ever.D.continued to read the books from the list.第35题We can tell from the excerpt that GeorgeA.found his neighbours liked to poke their nose into him.B.found that his sister remained skeptical about him.C.was dissatisfied with his life and surroundings.D.had a neither close nor distant relationship with his father.上一题下一题(36~40/共20题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.Abraham Lincoln turns 200 this year, and he´s beginning to show his age. When his birthday arrives, on February 12, Congress will hold a special joint session in the Capitol´s National Statuary Hall, a wreath will be laid at the great memorial in Washington, and a webcast will link school classrooms for a "teach-in" honouring his memoryAdmirable as they are, though, the events will strike many of us Lincoln fans as inadequate, even halfhearted - and another sign that our appreciation for the 16th president and his towering achievements is slipping away And you don´t have to be a Lincoln enthusiast to believe that this issomething we can´t afford to lose.Compare this year´s celebration with the Lincoln centennial, in 1909. That year, Lincoln´s likeness made its debut on the penny, thanks to approval from the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Communities and civic associations in every comer of the country erupted in parades, concerts, balls, lectures, and military displays. We still feel the effects today: The momentum unloosed in 1909 led to the Lincoln Memorial, opened in 1922, and the Lincoln Highway, the first paved transcontinental thoroughfare.The celebrants in 1909 had a few inspirations we lack today. Lincoln´s presidency was still a living memory for coundess Americans. In 2009 we are farther in time from the end of the Second World War than they were from the Civil War; families still felt the loss of loved ones from that awful national trauma.But Americans in 1909 had something more: an unembarrassed appreciation for heroes and an acute sense of the way that even long-dead historical figures press in on the present and make us who we are.One story will illustrate what I´m talking about.In 2003 a group of local citizens arranged to place a statue of Lincoln in Richmond, Virginia, former capital of the Confederacy. The idea touched off a firestorm of controversy. The Sons of Confederate Veterans held a public conference of carefully selected scholars to "reassess" the legacy of Lincoln. The verdict - no surprise - was negative: Lincoln was labeled everything from a racist totalitarian to a teller of dirty jokes.I covered the conference as a reporter, but what really unnerved me was a counter-conference of scholars to refute the earlier one. These scholars drew a picture of Lincoln that only our touchy- feely age could conjure up. The man who oversaw the most savage war in our history was described - by his admirers, remember-as "nonjudgmental," "unmoralistic," "comfortable with ambiguity."I felt the way a friend of mine felt as we later watched the unveiling of the Richmond statue in a subdued ceremony: "But he´s so small!"The statue in Richmond was indeed small; like nearly every Lincoln statue put up in the past half century, it was life-size and was placed at ground level, a conscious rejection of the heroic - approachable and human, yes, but not something to look up to.The Richmond episode taught me that Americans have lost the language to explain Lincoln´s greatness even to ourselves. Earlier generations said they wanted their children to be like Lincoln: principled, kind, compassionate, resolute. Today we want Lincoln to be like us.This helps to explain the long string of recent books in which writers have presented a Lincoln made after their own image. We´ve had Lincoln as humorist and Lincoln as manic-depressive, Lincoln the business sage, the conservative Lincoln and the liberal Lincoln, the emancipator and the racist, the stoic philosopher, the Christian, the atheist - Lincoln over easy and Lincoln scrambled.What´s often missing, though, is the timeless Lincoln, the Lincoln whom all generations, our own no less than that of 1909, can lay claim to. Lucky for us, those memorializers from a century ago - and, through them, Lincoln himself- have left us a hint of where to find him. The Lincoln Memorial is the most visited of our presidential monuments. Here is where we find the Lincoln who endures: in the words he left us, defining the country we´ve inherited. Here is the Lincoln who can be endlessly renewed and who, 200 years after his birth, retains the power to renew us.The author thinks that this year´s celebration is inadequate and even halfhearted becauseA.no similar appreciation of Lincoln will be seen.B.no activities can be compared to those in 1909.C.no Lincoln statue will be unveiled.D.no memorial coins will be issued.第37题According to the passage, what really makes the 1909 celebrations different from this year´s?A.Structures constructed in memory of Lincoln.B.Variety and magnitude of celebration activities.C.Respect for great people and their influence.D.Temporal proximity to Lincoln´s presidency.第38题In the author´s opinion, the counter-conferenceA.rectified the judgment by those carefully selected scholars.B.resulted in similar disparaging remarks on Lincoln.C.came up with somewhat favourable conclusions.D.offered a brand new reassessment perspective.第39题According to the author, the image of Lincoln conceived by contemporary peopleA.reveals the variety of current opinions on heroes.B.shows the present-day desire to emulate Lincoln.C.reflects the present-day tendency of worship.D.conforms to traditional images.第40题Which of the following best explains the implication of the last paragraph?A.The memorial is symbolic of the great man´s achievements.B.Lincoln´s greatness remains despite the passage of time.C.Each generation has it own interpretation of Lincoln.D.People get to know Lincoln through memorializers.上一题下一题(1/10)PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.第41题The Maori people are natives ofA.Australia.B.Canada.C.Ireland.D.New Zealand.上一题下一题(2/10)PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.。
2012年专八答案
2012年专八答案Mini-lecture1: rarely formal records2: systematic objective manner3: variable4: situation sampling5: vary6: advantage7: as it occurs8: have more control9: in natural setting10: methodInterview1: creative people focus on novel thinking rather than solution 2: comes from both environmental and genetic makeup3: two4: critical5: the environment is significant in the creative process News broadcast6: a problem in the cooling system was solved7: the Philippines8: to expose cases of child abuse and punishment9: 4 percent10: 2Reading11: worked for freshwater conservation for nonprofit purpose12: he made contribution to drinking water conservation in his own way（更多考试资讯尽在）13: how I could contribute to water conservation14: his clothes used even more virtual water15: exaggeration16: humorous17: found that interest in reunions was linked with school experience. 18: US class reunions are usu ally occasions to show off one’s recent success 19: shared undergraduate experience on campus20: bring into focus contrasting opinions21: reasons for popularity and attendance for alumni reunions22: was fond of drinking23: George lied at the beginning and then became serious24: remained the same as usual25: was dissatisfied with his life and surroundings26: no similar appreciation of Lincoln will be seen27: respect for great people and their influence28: resulted in similar disparaging remarks on Lincoln29: reveals the variety of current opinions on heroes.30: the memorial is symbolic of the great man’s achievement. General knowledge31: new Zealand32: state33: July 4th34: the Arctic Ocean35: T.S.Eliot36: William Faulkner37: personification38: sequential rule39: Disco40: register短文改错单词错误下划线，多出的单词划斜线，掉的单词插入号1：going Λsince on2: certain some3: ratherΛthe than4: is was5: in at6: /the the7: viewΛtranslation that8: / was was9: statement statements10: and but翻译：1: Pain gathered in the heart, hot burnt between eyebrows , depression suffused in the chest, a stream of gas rushed out the stomach through the throat. When the dean said that the child was in developmental delay, she got lost in the me（更多考试资讯尽在）ssy mind. He strided up and down in the house where the child stayed in. There was only one window in the whole room, shadows whirlinged out of the window. Let children stay behind, here are the benevolent priests and nuns, here will be extended to a foster care centre for medical function , here is the best place to keep the children.。
2014年全国高校西班牙语专业八级水平测试笔试试卷答案(定稿)
34. A 39. A 44. B 49. B
35. C 40. C 45. C 50. B
2014 年全国高校西班牙语专业八级水平测试笔试试卷参考答案 第 1 页 共 4 页
第三部分 阅读理解
测试项目 1 指出所指或动词的主语
每项 0.5 分，20 项，共 10 分。
1. 1) sus: de la fama 2. 2) Sobran: razones 3. 3) Esto: Cada escena ha sido escrita con la intensidad de la vida realmente
gran público. 7. 8) parece: impersonal 8. 9) todos estos tránቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱitos: la represión, el exilio, la pobreza y la enfermedad 9. 10) Sus detectives salvajes: los poetas en Los detectives salvajes; los personajes
2014 年全国高校西班牙语专业八级水平测试笔试试卷参考答案 第 4 页 共 4 页
第二部分 语法和词汇
测试项目 完形填空 每空 0.5 分，20 空，共 10 分。
31. B 36. B 41. A 46. C
32. A 37. B 42. C 47. A
33. C 38. C 43. A 48. C
4. D 9. C 14. B 19. C 24. A 29. B
5. B 10. A 15. C 20. A 25. A 30. B
测试项目 1 西译汉 共 15 分
“你太冲动了，得学会控制自己……”老上司跟我这么说时，我根本没琢磨 这番话，只幻想着怎么当场把他掐死。这说明两个问题：一，我的确很冲动；二， 那批评我一点儿也不受用。他又说：“我这么说是为你好……”，让我更气不打 一处来（火冒三丈）。
【西班牙语】2012年西班牙语专业四级年考试笔试参考答案
2012年全国高校西班牙语专业四级水平测试笔试试卷参考答案（满分100）I. Pon en la hoja de respuestas artículos o formas contractas del artículo y preposiciones en casos necesarios: (6 puntos, 0.3×20)1.(1) La casa en que nací no tiene ninguna distinción arquitectónica particular. Es (2)una casa republicana, de (3) / principios (4) del siglo XX.encéa vivir, a (5) los diez años, en el hogar de don Mateo. Me acuerdoperfectamente (6) del día en que llegué allí. Se iniciaba ya (7) el otoño. Por (8) las calles, había (9) / hojas amarillas.3.Hacía mucho tiempo que la ciudad aparecía a lo lejos, (10) al sur del camino. Pero,como suele pasar (11) al final de (12) una jornada agotadora, aquella ciudad parecía moverse con (13) el carruaje en que viajaba Hans, (14) el único pasajero.Como no tenía con quién hablar, cerró (15) los ojos. Cuando volvió a abrirlos, vio(16) una muralla de (17) / piedra. Fuera, estaba lloviendo. Sacó(18) el/unparaguas y bajó de (19) del coche con (20) / cuidado.II. Pon en la hoja de respuestas preposiciones o formas contractas del artículo y preposiciones: (8 puntos, 0.4×20)1.Mañana (1) al mediodía me voy (2) de Madrid (3) para/a Valencia. Si decidesvenir (4) conmigo, te veré(5) en la estación. (或：Me voy a Madrid desde Valencia)2.El hombre era alto y flaco. Apareció (6) de repente, siempre (7) a pie, cubierto (8)por/del/con el polvo (9) del camino. Avanzaba decididamente (10) entre perros y niños que le abrían paso y lo miraban (11) con curiosidad, (12) sin responder a los saludos de las mujeres que ya lo conocían y se apresuraban (13) a traerle jarras(14) de leche de cabra.s últimas palabras (15) de Francisca fueron para sus hijos. Ninguno (16) de losque rodeaban la cama de la enferma conocía la existencia de aquéllos, pero, (17)para sorpresa de todos, Francisca no dejaba (18) de repetir.—¡Mis hijos! ¡Mis hijos!Murió como siempre había vivido, (19) bajo/ante la mirada atenta de Mariana, su madre, sabiendo que la defraudaba（辜负）una vez más, como tantas otras (20) a lo largo de su vida desde que abrió los ojos en Filipinas hacía veintinueve años.III. Pon en la hoja de respuestas los infinitivos en tiempo y persona o formas no personales：(18 puntos, 0.5×36)1.Esa tarde, los novios decidieron salir de excursión. (1) Dieron un paseo hasta laorilla del río, (2) evitando el camino principal y (3) eligiendo un sendero de tierra que (4) comunicaba el sureste de la ciudad con el campo abierto.2.Pedro y Miguel eran hermanos. Les (5) gustaban los juegos violentos que les (6)excitaban. (7) Sentían el aguijón del peligro y eso les (8) durótoda la vida.Invariablemente (9) ganaba Pedro, lo que (10) provocaba la rabia de Miguel.—Es normal que (11) gane yo—le (12) decía Pedro para consolarle—. Tú (13) eres más pequeño. (14) Espera un poco y (15) verás cómo me (16) acabas/acabarás (17) ganando cuando seas mayor.Pero Miguel (18) odiaba que se lo (19) recordasen/redordaran/recordara/recordase. (20) Ganar a Pedro era su mayor deseo, que, cuando (21) se hiciera adulto, (22) se transformaría en una obsesión.(23) Siendo niños, en cuanto (24) podían sustraerse a la vigilancia de los maestrosy criados, (25) se perdían en el inmenso parque que (26) rodeaba el Palacio de San Cristóbal, (27) situado a cinco kilómetros del centro de Río de Janeiro, donde vivían los dos hermanos.3.Es difícil reproducir con exactitud todo lo que hice a partir de esos momentos. Séque el día dos, antes de partir hacia La Habana para seguir la guerra, (28) regreséa mi casa a ver a mis padres. (29) Reuní algunas pertenencias, pocas, y les (30)comuniqué que (31) seguía/seguiría hacia La Habana, porque la guerra todavía no (32) había terminado. Mis padres (33) se sintieron muy felices al verme, puesto que lo más importante para ellos (34) era que no (35) habíasufrido/hubiera sufrido nada después de que yo (36) había estado con Che Quevara en la lucha guerrillera que acababa de terminar.IV. Selecciona la palabra apropiada y pon en la hoja de respuestas su forma adecuada: (6 puntos, 0.5×12)1.He venido a (1) buscar (buscar, encontrar, perseguir) trabajo. Pensé que (2) tal vez(ojalá, posible, tal vez) usted podría (3) colocarme (colocarme, ponerme, dejarme).2.Yo (4) me encargo/me encargaré (encargarse, responsabilizar, hacer) de que le (5)entreguen (tomar, entregar, ofrecer) el coche reparado hoy mismo.3.El sábado (6) sonó (llamar, sonar, resonar) el teléfono dos veces en la mañana. Laseñora se acercó a (7) contestar (colgar, descolgar, contestar) y no era nadie.4.Tenía treinta años, pero (8) había sufrido (ocurrir, pasar, sufrir) tanto (9) que (que,como, y) parecía viejísima.5.El Consejero no había prohibido que las mujeres se arreglaran, pero dijoincontables veces que quien (10) cuidaba (preocupar, cuidar, valorar) mucho de su cuerpo, podía descuidar su alma y que, una hermosa apariencia (11) solía (tender, soler, acostumbrarse) (12) ocultar (ocultar, descubrir, cubrir) un espíritu sucio.V. Hay un error en cada una de las oraciones. Subráyalo y pon la forma correcta en la hoja de respuestas: (10 puntos, 1×10)1.Estoy seguro de que sois muy solos ahora.estáis2.Asistieron al evento funcionarios altos.altos funcionarios3.El señor Li se ha viajado a Buenos Aires.去掉se4.Pasan dos semanas desde que empezó el nuevo semestre.Han pasado5.Mamá, ¿si lo he hecho bien?去掉si6.Habían veinte alumnos en el grupo.Había7.Me gusta música del pueblo incaico.la música8.Entré en la sala de esperanza de la estación ferroviaria.espera9.Por la primera vez estuve en un país extranjero.去掉la10.Los chinos inventaron muchos artefactos complicados y ingeniosos.eVI. Traduce al español en la hoja de respuestas las oraciones o párrafos dados:(21 puntos)1.你读过塞万提斯写的《堂吉诃德》吗？你也认为那个长相奇怪、骑着一匹瘦马的主角是个疯子吗？¿Has leído Don Quijote de Cervantes? ¿Crees tútambién que es un loco el protagonista de aspecto físico extravagante/extraño, montado en un caballo escuálido?2.你们要知道，想学好一门外语，你们只做大量的习题而不多读、多写是不够的。
西班牙语专业八级考试真题大纲
一、听力测试
学生在限定时间内听三篇西班牙语国家电台或电视台原文新闻井完成判断和选择等试题，分值为20分。
二、口语测试
口语测试采用视译形式。
考生在拿到试卷后准备4分钟，之后在3分钟内将一篇150字左右的中文短文口头翻译成西班牙语。
趕纲词在文章中用西班牙语注出，分值为10分。
提示：
1、阅卷单位将只接受音频光盘，不再接受录音磁带。
2、超纲词在试卷上用汉语或西语注出。
3、测试题在播放语料前或视译前下发。
全国高校西班牙语专业八级水平测试笔试总分为70分。
下面对每部分分值和题型做具体说明。
—、人文知识
客观题。
阅读有关西班牙语国家史地，时政、经济、社会、文化文学等五方面内容的题目,在答题卡上标出正确的选项。
以上五方面内容每个方面各2题，其中西班牙和拉美各1题，每题0.5分，共10题，共计5分。
二、阅读理解
客观题。
阅读4篇文章，共计2500-3000词。
每篇5小题.每小题1.5分，共计30分。
历年专业八级真题及答案汇总（免费）
历年专业八级真题及答案汇总（免费）2000年英语专业八级考试全真试卷听力Part ⅠListening Comprehension (40 min)SECTION A TALKQuestions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section .At the end of the talk you w ill be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now list en to the talk.1. The rules for the first private library in the US were drawn up by ___.A. the legislatureB. the librarianC. John HarvardD. the faculty members2. The earliest public library was also called a subscription library bec ause books ___.A. could be lent to everyoneB. could be lent by book storesC. were lent to students and the facultyD. were lent on a membership basis3. Which of the following is NOT stated as one of the purposes of free pu blic libraries?A. To provide readers with comfortable reading rooms.B. To provide adults with opportunities of further education.C. To serve t he community?s cultural and recreational needs.D. To supply technical literature on specialized subjects.4. The major difference between modem private and public libraries lies i n ___.A. readershipB. contentC. serviceD.function5. The main purpose of the talk is ___.A. to introduce categories of books in US librariesB. to demonstrate the importance of US librariesC. to explain the roles of different US librariesD. to define the circulation system of US librariesSECTION B INTERVIEWQuestions 6 to 10 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you wil l be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.6. Nancy became a taxi driver because ___.A. she owned a carB. she drove wellC. she liked drivers? uniformsD. it was her childhood dream7. According to her, what was the most difficult about becoming a taxi dr iver?A. The right sense of direction.B. The sense of judgment.C. The skill of maneuvering.D. The size of vehicles.8. What does Nancy like best about her job?A. Seeing interesting buildings in the city.B. Being able to enjoy the world of nature.C. Driving in unsettled weather.D. Taking long drives outside the city.9. It can be inferred from the interview that Nancy in a(n) ___ moth er.A. uncaringB. strictC. affectionateD. perm issive10. The people Nancy meets areA. rather difficult to pleaseB. rude to women driversC. talkative and generous with tipsD. different in personalitySECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestion 11 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you wil l be given 15 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.11. The primary purpose of the US anti-smoking legislation is ___.A. to tighten control on tobacco advertisingB. to impose penalties on tobacco companiesC. to start a national anti-smoking campaignD. to ensure the health of American childrenQuestions 12 and 13 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item , you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.12. The French President?s visit to Japan aims at___.A. making more investments in JapanB. stimulating Japanese businesses in FranceC. helping boost the Japanese economyD. launching a film festival in Japan13. This is Jacques Chirac?s ___ visit to Japan.A. secondB. fourteenthC. fortiethD. forty-firstQuestions 14 and 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item , you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.14. Afghan people are suffering from starvation because ___.A. melting snow begins to block the mountain pathsB. the Taliban have destroyed existing food stocksC. the Taliban are hindering food deliveriesD. an emergency air-lift of food was cancelled15. people in Afghanistan are facing starvation.A. 160,000B. 16,000C. 1,000,000D. 100 ,000SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGFill each of gaps with ONE word. You may refer to your notes. Make sure the word you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.On Public SpeakingWhen people are asked to give a speech in public for the first time, they usually feel terrified no matter how well they speak in informal situations. In fact, public speaking is the same as any other form of (1)___ 1.___ that people are usually engaged in. Public s peaking is a way for a speaker to (2)___ his thoughts with the audience. Moreover, the speaker is free 2.___ to decide on the (3)___ of his speech. 3.___ Two key points to achieve success in public speaking: —(4)___ of the subject matter. 4.___ —good preparation of the speech. To facilitate their understanding, inform your audience beforehand of the (5)___ of your speech,and end it with a summary. 5.___ Other key points to bear in mind: —be aware of your audience through eye contact. —vary the speed of (6)___ 6.___ —use the microphone skillfully to (7)___ yourself in speech. 7.___ —be brief in speech; always try to make your message (8)___ 8.___ Example: the best remembered inaugural speeches of the US presidents are the (9)___ ones.9.___ Therefore, brevity is essential to the (10)___ of a speech. 10.___ 改错Part ⅡProofreading and Error Correction (15 min)The following passage contains TEN errors. Each line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way. For a wrong word,underline the wrong word and wri te the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. For a missing word,mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line. For an unnecessary word cross out the unnecessary word with a slash “/? and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.ExampleWhen∧art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) anit never／buys things in finished form and hangs (2) never them on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibitThe grammatical words which play so large a part in English grammar are for the most part sharply and obviously different 1.___from the lexical words. A rough and ready difference which mayseem the most obvious is that grammatical wordshave“ lessmeaning”, but in fact some grammarians have called them 2.___“empty” words as opposed in the “full” words of vocabulary. 3.___But this is a rather misled way of expressing the distinction.4.___Although a word like the is not the name of something as man is,it is very far away from being meaningless; there is a sharp 5.___differen ce in meaning between “man is vile and” “the man isvile”, yet the is the single vehicle of this difference in meaning. 6.___Moreover, grammatical words differ considerably amongthemselves as the amount of meaning they have, even in the 7.___lexical sense. Another name for the grammatical words has been“little words”. But size is by no mean a good criterion for8.___distinguishing the grammatical words of English, when we consider that we have lexical words as go, man, say, car. Apart 9.___from this, however, there is a good deal of truth in what some people say: we certainly do create a great number of obscurity 10.___when we omit them. This is illustrated not only in the poetry ofRobert Browning but in the prose of telegrams and newspaper headlines.阅读理解APart ⅢReading Comprehension (40 min)SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION (30 min)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your Coloured Answer Sheet. TEXT A Despite Denmark?s manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they a re to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, they always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance , the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and self-indulgen ce of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in the eye and say, “Denmark is a great country.” You?re suppo sed to figure this out for yo urself.It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half the national budg et goes toward smoothing out l ife?s inequalities, and there is plenty of money f or schools, day care, retraining programmes, job seminars-Danes love seminars: t hree days at a study centre hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet, and despite all the English that Danish absorbs—there is no Danish Academy to defend against it —old dialects persist in Jutland that can barel y be understood by C openhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes,“ Fe w have too much and fewer have too little, ”and a foreigner is struck by the swe e t egalitarianism that prevails, where the low liest clerk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madame have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. It? s anation of recyclers—about 55 % of Danish garbage gets made into something new—and no nuclear power plants. It?s a nation of tireless pl anner. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general.Such a nation of overachievers —a brochure from the Ministry of Busines s and Industrysays, “Denmark is one of the world?s cleanest and most organize d countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most c orruption-free society in the Northern Hemisphere. ”So, of course, one?s heart l ifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings(“Foreigne r s Out of Denmark! ”), broken beer bottles in the gutters, drunken teenagers slu mped in the park.Nonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through a Danish town, it co mes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is a field of barley, a nic e clean line: town here, country there. It is not a nation of jay-walkers. Peopl e stand on the curb and wait for the red light to change, even if it?s 2 a.m. a n d there?s not a car in sight. However, Danes don? t think of themselves as a w ai nting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-light people——that?s how they see Swedes and Ge r mans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people, improvisers, more free spirited than Swedes, but the truth is( though one should not say it)that Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes. Orderliness is a main selling point. Denmark has few n atural resources, limited manufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, and distributor of goods. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, and these bright, young, English-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and Russia. Airports, seaports,highways, and rail lines are ultramodern and well-maintained.The orderliness of the society doesn?t mean that Danish lives are less me s sy or lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear ple nty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves. An orderly society c an not exempt its members from the hazards of life.But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certain things are yours by virtue of citizenship, and you shouldn?t feel bad f o r taking what you?re entitled to, you?re as good as anyone else. The rules of th e welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your jo b, the steps you take to get a new one; and the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest witho ut a sense of crisis.16. The author thinks that Danes adopt a ___ attitude towards their country.A. boastfulB. modestC. deprecatingD. mysterious17. Which of the following is NOT a Danish characteristic cited in the pa ssage?A. Fondness of foreign culture.B. Equality in society.C. Linguistic tolerance.D. Persistent planning.18. The author?s reaction to the statement by the Ministry of Business a nd Industry is ___.A. disapprovingB. approvingC. noncommittalD. doubtful19. According to the passage, Danish orderliness ___.A. sets the people apart from Germans and SwedesB. spares Danes social troubles besetting other peopleC. is considered economically essential to the countryD. prevents Danes from acknowledging existing troubles20. At the end of the passage the author states all the following EXCEPT that ___.A. Danes are clearly informed of their social benefitsB. Danes take for granted what is given to themC. the open system helps to tide the country overD. orderliness has alleviated unemploymentTEXT BBut if language habits do not represent classes, a social str atification in to something as bygone as “aristocracy” and “commons”, they do still of cour se s erve to identify social groups. This is something that seems fundamental in the use of language. As we see in relation to political and national movements, lang uage is used as a badge or a barrier depending on which way we look at it. The n ew boy at school feels out of it at first because he does not know the fight wor ds for things, and awe-inspiring pundits of six or seven look down on him for no t being awa re that racksy means “dilapidated”, or hairy “out first ball”. Th e mi ner takes a certain pride in being “one up on the visitor or novice who calls t h e cage a “lift” or who thinks that men working in a warm seam are in their “u nde rpants” when anyone ought to know that the garments are called hoggers. The “i ns ider” is seldom displeased that his languagedistinguishes him from the “outsi der”.Quite apart from specialized terms of this kind in groups, trades and profe ssions, there are all kinds of standards of correctness at which mast of us feel more or less obliged to aim, because we know that certain kinds of English invi te irritation or downright condemnation. On the other hand, we know that other k inds convey some kind of prestige and bear a welcome cachet.In relation to the social aspects of language, it may well be suggested tha t English speakers fall into three categories: the assured, the anxious and the in different. At one end of this scale, we have the people who have “position” an d “status”, and who therefore do not feel they need worry much about their use o f English. Their education and occupation make them confident of speaking an uni mpeachable form of English: no fear of being criticized or corrected is likely t o cross their minds, and this gives their speech that characteristically unself c onscious and easy flow which is often envied.At the other end of the scale, we have an equally imperturbable band, speak ing with a similar degree of careless ease, because even if they are aware that their English is condemned by others, they are supremely indifferent to the fact . The Mrs Mops of this world have active and efficient tongues in their heads, a nd if we happened not to like the/r ways of saying things, well, we “can lump i t ”. That is their attitude. Curiously enough, writers are inclined to represent t he speech of both these extreme parties with -in? for ing. On the one hand, “w e?re goin? huntin?, my dear sir”; on the other, “we?re goin? racin? , ma te.”In between, according to this view, we have a far lessfortunate group, th e anxious. These actively try to suppress what they believe to be bad English an d assiduously cultivate what they hope to be good English. They live their lives in some degree of nervousness over their grammar, their pronunciation, and thei r choice of words: sensitive, and fearful of betraying themselves. Keeping up wi th the Joneses is measured not only in houses, furniture, refrigerators, cars, a nd clothes, but also in speech.And the misfortune of the “anxious” does not end with their inner anxiet y. Their lot is also the open or veiled contempt of the “assured” on one side of them and of the “indifferent” on the other.It is all too easy to raise an unworthy laugh at the anxious. The people t hus uncomfortably stilted on linguistic high heels so often form part of what is, in many ways, the most admirable section of any society: the ambitious, tense, inner-driven people, who are bent on“ going places and doing things”. The grea te r the pity, then, if a disproportionate amount of their energy goes into what Mr Sharpless called“ this shabby obsession” with variant forms of English—espe ci ally if the net result is(as so often)merely to sound affected and ridicul ous. “ Here”, according to Bacon, “is the first distemper of learning, when men study w ords and not matter …. It seems to me that Pygmalion? s frenzy is a good emble m …of this vanity: for words axe but the images of matter; and except they have l ife of reason and invention, to fall in love with them is to fall in love with a picture.”21. The attitude held by the assured towards language is ___.A. criticalB. anxiousC. self-consciousD. nonchalant22. The anxious are considered a less fortunate group because ___.A. they feel they are socially looked down uponB. they suffer from internal anxiety and external attackC. they are inherently nervous and anxious peopleD. they are unable to meet standards of correctness23. The author thinks that the efforts made by the anxious to cultivate w hat they believe is good English are ___.A. worthwhileB. meaninglessC. praiseworthyD. irrationalTEXT CFred Cooke of Salford turned 90 two days ago and the world has been beating a path to his door. If you haven?t noticed, the backstreet boy educated at Bla c kpool grammar styles himself more grandly as Alastair Cooke, broadcaster extraor dinaire. An honorable KBE, he would be Sir Alastair if he had not taken American citizenship more than half a century ago.If it sounds snobbish to draw attention to his humble origins, it should be reflected that the real snob is Cooke himself, who has spent a lifetime disguis ing them. But the fact that he opted to renounce his British passport in 1941 —just when his country needed all the wartime help it could get-is hardly a ma tter for congratulation.Cooke has made a fortune out of his love affair with America, entrancing l isteners with a weekly monologue that has won Radio 4 many devoted adherents. Pa rt of the pull is the developed drawl. This is the man who ga ve the world “midatlantic”, t he language of the disc jockey and public relations man.He sounds American to us and English to them, while in reality he has for decades belonged to neither. Cooke?s world is an America that exists largely in the imagination. He took ages to acknowledge the disaster that was Vietnam and e ven longer to wake up to Watergate. His politics have drifted to the right with age, and most of his opinions have been acquired on the golf course with fellow celebrities.He chased after stars on arrival in America, Fixing up an interview with Ch arlie Chaplin and briefly becoming his friend. He told Cooke he could turn him i nto a fine light comedian; instead he is an impressionist?s dream.Cooke liked the sound of his first wife?s name almost as much as he admir e d her good looks. But he found bringing up baby difficult and left her for the w ife of his landlord. Women listeners were unimpressed when, in 1996, he declared on air that th e fact that 4% of women in the American armed forces were raped showed remarkabl e self-restraint on the part of Uncle Sam?s soldiers. His arrogance in not allo w ing BBC editors to see his script in advance worked, not for the first time, to his detriment. His defenders said he could not help living with the 1930svalues he had acquired and somewhat dubiously went on to cite “gallantry” as chief a mo ng them. Cooke?s raconteur style encouraged a whole generation of BBC men to th i nk of themselves as more important than the story. His treacly tones were the mo del for the regular World Service reports From Our Own Correspondent, known as F OOCs in the business. They may yet be his epitaph.24. At the beginning of the passage the writer sounds critical of ___.A. Cooke?s obscure originsB. Cooke?s broadcastin g styleC. Cooke?s Ameri can citizenshipD. Cooke?s fondness of America25. The following adjectives can be suitably applied to Cooke EXCEPT ___.A. old-fashionedB. sincereC. arrogantD. popular 26. The writer comments o n Cooke?s life and career in a slightly ___ tone.A. ironicB. detachedC. scathingD. indifferentTEXT DMr Duffy raised his eyes from the paper and gazed out of his window on the cheerless evening landscape. The river lay quiet beside the empty distillery and from time to time a light appeared in some house on Lucan Road. What an end! Th e whole narrative of her death revolted him and it revolted him to think that he had ever spoken to her of what he held sacred. The cautious words of a reporter won over to conceal the details of a commonplace vulgar death attacked his stom ach. Not merely had she degraded herself, she had degraded him. His soul?s comp a nion! He thought of the hobbling wretches whom he had seen carrying cans and bot tles to be filled by the barman. Just God, what an end! Evidently she had been u nfit to live, withoutany strength of purpose, an easy prey to habits, one of th e wrecks on which civilization has been reared. But that she could have sunk so low! Was it possible he had deceived himself so utterly about her? He remembered her outburst of that night and interpreted it in a harsher sense than he had ev er done. He had no difficulty now in approving of the course he had taken.As the light failed and his memory began to wander he thought her hand tou ched his. The shock which had first attacked his stomach was now attacking his n erves. He put on his overcoat and hat quickly and went out. The cold air met him on the threshold; it crept into the sleeves of his coat. When he came to the pu blic house at Chapel Bridge he went in and ordered a hot punch.The proprietor served him obsequiously but did not venture to talk. There were five or six working-men in the shop discussing the value of a gentleman?s e s tate in County Kildare. They drank at intervals from their huge pint tumblers, and smoked, spitting often on the floor and sometimes dragging the sawdust over their heavy boots. Mr Duffy sat on his stool and gazed at them, without seeing o r hearing them. After a while they went out and he called for another punch. He sat a long time over it. The shop was very quiet. The proprietor sprawled on the counter reading the newspaper and yawning. Now and again a tram was heard swish ing along the lonely road outside.As he sat there, living over his life with her and evoking alternately the two images on which he now conceived her, he realized that she was dead, that s he had ceased to exist, that she had become a memory. He began to feel ill at ea se. He asked himself what else could he have done. He could not have lived with her openly. He had done what seemed to him best. How washe to blame? Now that s he was gone he understood how lonely her life must have been, sitting night afte r night alone in that room. His life would be lonely too until he, too, died, ce ased to exist, became a memory-if anyone remembered him.27. Mr Duffy?s immediate reaction to the report of the woman?s death wa s that of ___.A. disgustB. guiltC. griefD. compassion28. It can be inferred from the passage that the reporter wrote about the woman?s death in a ___ manner.A. detailedB. provocativeC. discreetD. sens ational29. We can infer from the last paragraph that Mr Duffy was in a(n) ___ mood.A. angryB. fretfulC. irritableD. remorseful30. According to the passage , which of the following statements is NOT t rue?A. Mr Duffy once confided in the woman.B. Mr Duffy felt an intense sense of shame.C. The woman wanted to end the relationship.D. They became estranged probably after a quarrel.阅读理解BSECTION B SKIMMING AND SCANNING ( 10 min)In this section there are seven passages followed by ten multiple -choice q uestions. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on the Colour ed Answer Sheet.TEXT EFirst read the following question.31. In the passage Bill Gates mainly discusses ___.A. a person?s opportunity of a lifetimeB. the success of the computer industryC. the importance of educationD. high school education in the USNow go through TEXT E quickly and answer question 31.Hundreds of students send me e-mail each year asking for advice about educa tion. They want to know what to study, or whether i t?s OK to drop out of colleg e since that?s what I did.My basic advice is simple and heartfelt.“ Get the best education you can. Take advantage of high school and college. Learn how to learn.”It?s true that I dropped out of college to start M icrosoft, but I was at H a rvard for three years before dropping out-and I?d love to have the time to go b a ck. As I?ve said before, nobody should drop out of college unless they believe they face the opportunity of a lifetime. And even then they should reconsider.The computer industry has lots of people who didn?t finish college, but I 'm not aware of any success stories that began with somebody dropping out of high school. I actually don?t know any high school dropouts, let alone any successfu l ones.In my company?s early years we had a bright part-time programmer who threa tened to drop out of high school to work full-time. We told him no.Quite a few of our people didn?t finish college, but wediscourage droppin g out.College is n?t the only place where information exist. You can learn in a l i brary. But somebody handing you a book doesn?t automatically foster learning. Y o u want to learn with other people, ask questions, try out ideas and have a way t o test your ability. It usually takes more than just a book.Education should be broad, although it?s fine to have deep interests, too.In high school there were periods when I was highly focused on writing soft ware, but for most of my high school years I had wide-ranging academic interests . My parents encouraged this, and I?m grateful that they did.One parent wrote me that her 15-year old son “lost himself in the hole of t he computer. ”He got an A in Web site design, but other grades were sinking, sh e said.This boy is making a mistake. High school and college offer you the best ch ance to learn broadly-math, history, various sciences-and to do projects with ot her kids that teach you firsthand about group dynamics. It?s fine to take a dee p interest in computers, dance, language or any other discipline, but not if it j eopardizes breadth.In college it?s appropriate to think about specialization. Getting real e x pertise in an area of interest can lead to success. Graduate school is one way t o get specialized knowledge. Choosing a specialty isn?t something high school s t udents s hould worry about. They should worry about getting a strong academic sta rt.There?s not a perfect correlation between attitudes in high school and su c cess in later l ife, of course. But it?s a real mistake not to take the opportun i ty to learn a hu ge range of subjects,to learn to work with people in high schoo l, and to get the grades that will help you get into a good college.TEXT FFirst read the following question.32. The passage focuses on ___.A. the history and future of LondonB. London?s manufacturing skillsC. London?s status as a financial centrerD. the past and present roles of LondonNow go through T ext F quickly and answer question 32.What is London for? To put the question another way, why was London, by 190 0, incomparably the largest city in the world, which it remained until the bomba rdments of the Luftwaffe? There could be many answers to this question, but any history of London will rehearse three broad explanations. One is the importance of its life as a port. When the Thames turned to ice in February 1855,50,000 men were put out of work, and there were bread riots from those whose liveliboods h ad been frozen with the river. Today, the Thames could be frozen for a year with out endangering the livelihoods of any but a few pleasure-boatmen.The second major cause of London?s wealth and success was that it was easi l y the biggest manufacturing centre in Europe. At the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, Dutch looms and the stocking knitting frame were first pioneered in London. The vast range of London?s manufacturing skills is another fact; almos t any item you can name was manufactured in London during the days of its prosper ity. In 1851, 13.75 percent of the manufacturing work-force of GreatBritain was based in London. By 1961, this had dramatically。
2012年西班牙语专业八级考试听力真题 (1)
2012年西班牙语专业八级考试听力真题(总分：30.00，做题时间：60分钟)一、INSTRUCCIÓN(总题数：3，分数：30.00)Extensión: 775 palabrasDuración: aprox. 4mVocabularioestereotipo m. 典型，固定看法feminicidio m. 杀害妇女menopáusico, caadj. 更年期的hormona f. 荷尔蒙Contesta a las siguientes preguntas sobre el texto. (15/50)（分数：15）Extensión: 775 palabrasDuración: aprox. 4mVocabularioestereotipo m. 典型，固定看法feminicidio m. 杀害妇女menopáusico, caadj. 更年期的hormona f. 荷尔蒙Contesta a las siguientes preguntas sobre el texto. (15/50)（分数：15）(1).¿Por qué el Día Internacional de la Mujer es de suma importancia?（分数：2）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Porque conmemora los derechos de las mujeres, recordando que las mujeres tienen que ejercer sus derechos, que aún en México todavía no son ejercidos plenamente.)(2).¿Cuáles son las dos expresiones más importantes de la violencia contra la mujer en México? （分数：2）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Son el feminicidio y la violencia silenciosa.)(3).¿Por qué se dice que la violencia contra la mujer es el pan de cada día en México?（分数：3）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Porque todos los días en las casas mexicanas se viven situaciones de violencia, tanto que ni la gente se da cuenta de que son violencia.)(4).¿En qué consiste la violencia silenciosa?（分数：2）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(La violencia silenciosa consiste en aquella en que el marido no grita, pero no colabora en absoluto en los trabajos domésticos, creyendo que son obligaciones de la mujer.)(5).¿Cuáles son los espacios reservados para hombres y mujeres respectivamente en el imaginario de la gente?（分数：3）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Se cree que el ámbito público como los espacios políticos y el trabajo fuera de casa es para los hombres, mientras el ámbito privado, o sea, los trabajos domésticos, es para las mujeres)(6).¿Adónde pueden acudir las mujeres mexicanas para conocer sus derechos? （分数：3）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Las mujeres mexicanas pueden acudir a organizaciones nacionales, institutos de la Mujer del Estado u organizaciones de la sociedad civil para conocer sus derechos.)Extensión: 955 palabrasDuración: aprox. 5mVocabularioVariable f. 变量credibilidad f. 可信度desvelar tr. 揭示Marca las aseveraciones que consideres correctas con V y las falsas con F de acuerdo con el texto y pon estas letras en la hoja de respuesta. (10/50, 1×10)（分数：10）Extensión: 955 palabrasDuración: aprox. 5mVocabularioVariable f. 变量credibilidad f. 可信度desvelar tr. 揭示Marca las aseveraciones que consideres correctas con V y las falsas con F de acuerdo con el texto y pon estas letras en la hoja de respuesta. (10/50, 1×10)（分数：10）(1).El Informe de Competitividad Global se publica cada año.（分数：1）A.正确√B.错误(2).La competitividad se define como la capacidad productiva y la de hacer crecer la econom ía dentro de un determinado año.（分数：1）A.正确B.错误√(3).La competitividad se calcula sumando o restando una serie de variables políticas, económicas y sociales.（分数：1）A.正确√B.错误(4).Armando lamenta que España nunca haya figurado dentro del grupo en cabeza.（分数：1）A.正确B.错误√(5).En opinión de Armando, el que España se haya adelantado en el listado ha sido todo un ejemplo digno de serios estudios.（分数：1）A.正确B.错误√(6).Para Armando, las debilidades y deficiencias económicas de España que desvela el Informe son sorprendentes.（分数：1）A.正确B.错误√(7).Según Armando, la escasez de inversiones complica el crédito para los agentes económicos españoles.（分数：1）A.正确B.错误√(8).Suiza, Singapur y Suecia son los tres países que encabezan el listado de competitividad.（分数：1）A.正确√B.错误(9).Estados Unidos se encuentra entre los 10 primeros países más competitivos del mundo.（分数：1）A.正确√B.错误(10).Los cuatro países de la UE que no están entre los 20 en cabeza, son España, Italia, Portugal y Grecia.（分数：1）A.正确√B.错误Extensión: 298 palabrasDuración: aprox. 2mVocabulariodesmovilización f. 放下武装paramilitar m. 准军事成员farsa f. 闹剧extraditado, da p.p. 被引渡的Completa las oraciones con la opción que consideres más adecuada y pon la letra que la encabece en la hoja de respuestas. (5/50, 1×5)（分数：5）Extensión: 298 palabrasDuración: aprox. 2mVocabulariodesmovilización f. 放下武装paramilitar m. 准军事成员farsa f. 闹剧extraditado, da p.p. 被引渡的Completa las oraciones con la opción que consideres más adecuada y pon la letra que la encabece en la hoja de respuestas. (5/50, 1×5)（分数：5）(1).La confesión de un antiguo jefe paramilitar sobre ________ ha creado un escándalo político en Colombia.（分数：1） manipulación gubernamental de la desmovilización de 2003 √B.el desarme de los campesinos armados en 2003C.el tráfico de drogas de treinta mil campesinos en 2003(2).Según el plan de Uribe, si los paramilitares entregaban sus armas, el gobierno________.（分数：1）A.les ofrecería tierras cultivablesB.les reduciría las penas √C.les pagaría una enorme suma de dinero(3).Ante tal escándalo, el Gobierno salió en defensa de ________.（分数：1）A.los campesinos, prisioneros de las organizaciones criminalesB.aquellos jefes paramilitares desmovilizadosC.aquella operación realizada durante el mandato de Uribe √(4).Según varios paramilitares capturados, ________.（分数：1）A.se conoce el paradero de los treinta mil “paras”B.muchos de los “paras” siguen activos √ confesión de Fréddy Rendón carece de credibilidad(5).El Gobierno colombiano reconoce que ________.（分数：1）s bandas emergentes constituyen una nueva amenaza √B.muchos miembros de las bandas emergentes eran antiguos paramilitaresC.los expertos en seguridad tienen razón。
2012年全国高校西班牙语专业八级水平测试笔试试卷(定稿 2012.01.14)
2012年全国高校西班牙语专业八级水平测试笔试试卷学校 _____________________姓名 _____________________编号 _____________________2012年3月23日考生注意事项1、考生必须自觉服从监考人员的管理，不得妨碍监考人员履行职责，考场内不准喧哗、吸烟，不得扰乱考场秩序。
2、考试过程中不准交头接耳、互打暗号或做手势。
3、试卷封面上务必注明考生所在院校和考生姓名。
4、必须用蓝（黑）色钢笔、签字笔或圆珠笔答题。
铅笔答题内容不予评分。
5、考生进入考场，只准携带考试必需的文具用品，如钢笔、签字笔、圆珠笔；不准携带任何书籍、笔记、字典、报纸、草稿纸、手机及有存储、编程、查询等功能的电子设备等。
凡携带者必须在考试前主动上交上述物品。
6、考生必须在答题纸上按照题目要求答题。
答案写在试卷或草稿纸上无效。
笔译或作文如需草稿纸，应向监考人员索取。
Completa las oraciones siguientes con una de las cuatro opciones que se te ofrecen y pon la letra de la opción que consideres correcta en la hoja de respuestas. (15/100, 0.5×30)1. En la XIX Cumbre de Líderes del Foro de Cooperación Económica Asia Pacífico(APEC) celebrada en Hawái, el presidente chino Hu Jintao se reuniócon su homólogo peruano _______.A Ollanta HumalaB Alan GarcíaC Alejandro ToledoD Sebastián Piñera Echenique2. La llamada “Revolución de los Jazmines”ha amenazado al régimen político devarios países del/de las _______.A continente sudamericanoB mundo árabeC antiguas repúblicas soviéticasDÁfrica del Norte3. El 31 de octubre de 2011 la población mundial alcanzó_______ millones dehabitantes.A los 6 milB los 6.5 milC los 7 milD los 7.7 mil4. La única institución de la Unión Europea (UE) cuyos miembros son elegidos porel voto ciudadano es _______.A el Consejo de MinistrosB la Comisión EuropeaC el Consejo EuropeoD el Parlamento Europeo5. En 2009, la presencia de siete bases militares de los Estados Unidos en _______suscitó fuertes quejas de otros gobiernos sudamericanos.A EcuadorB PerúC ColombiaD Chile6. Uno de los últimos pasos que han dado América Latina y el Caribe en laintegración regional ha sido _______.A la firma del Pacto Andino, posteriormente llamado la Comunidad Andina deNaciones (CAN)B la creación del Mercado Común del Sur (Mercosur)C la creación de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Integración (ALADI)D la creación de la Comunidad de Estados Latinoamericanos y Caribeños(CELAC)7. En octubre de 2011, _______ anunció/ anunciaron “el cese definitivo de laactividad armada”.A las FARCB el Sendero LuminosoC ETAD las Brigadas Rojas8.El Grito de Dolores del año 1810 es símbolo del inicio de la lucha por laindependencia en _______.A VenezuelaB CubaC ArgentinaD México9. En enero de 1712, España firmó el Tratado de Utrechet y cedió a Gran Bretaña_______.A GibraltarB CeutaC MelillaD Filipinas10. La llamada Ruta Marítima de la Seda promovió las relaciones comerciales entre_______ en el siglo XVI.A China, Filipinas, México y EspañaB China, México, España e InglaterraC China, Japón, España y FranciaD China, Indonesia, México y Perú11. Entre los años 1847 y 1874, unos 225 mil trabajadores chinos, comúnmenteconocidos como culíes, fueron enviados a _______.A EE UU y MéxicoB Cuba y PerúC Venezuela y República DominicanaD Perú y México12. El archipiélago de Galápagos, situado a mil kilómetros del territorio _______ enel océano Pacífico,es una zona turística conocida por su gran diversidad de fauna.A colombianoB panameñoC ecuatorianoD peruano13. El Día Nacional de España (el Día de la Hispanidad) se celebra el _______.A 10 de septiembreB 12 de octubreC 10 de noviembreD 12 de diciembre14. En los últimos dos años la región más azotada por la deuda soberana es _______.A América LatinaB AsiaC la Unión EuropeaD América del Norte15. El primer socio comercial de China en América Latina en 2010 fue _______.A MéxicoB BrasilC ArgentinaD Chile16. A partir del año 2010 China es la _______ potencia económica mundial.A primeraB segundaC terceraD cuarta17. El sector que aporta el mayor porcentaje del PIB a España es _______.A el agrícolaB el industrialC el de serviciosD el de la construcción18. En los últimos dos años, América Latina y el Caribe han registrado un índice decrecimiento económico _______ el promedio mundial.A más alto queB más bajo queC igual queD casi igual que19. La inversión china en algunos países latinoamericanos en los últimos años estáconcentrada en el sector _______.A agrícolaB industrialC mineral-energéticoD terciario20. De las cuatro religiones aquí expuestas, la más antigua es _______.A el CristianismoB el IslamC el JudaísmoD la Iglesia Ortodoxa Rusa21. La prohibición de las corridas de toros fue aprobada en julio de 2010 por elparlamento de _______.A CataluñaB MadridC AndalucíaD Valencia22. Cien años de soledad es una novela de Gabriel García Márquez, escritor _______que ganó el Premio Nobel de Literatura en 1982.A chilenoB colombianoC argentinoD mexicano23. La Generación del 98 de España fue una generación _______.A literariaB políticaC económicaD militar24. “Guernica” es una de las obras más famosas del gran pintor español _______.A Joan MiróB Salvador DalíC Francisco de GoyaD Pablo Picasso25. La Civilización Maya estádistribuida en tierras de los actuales países de_______.A México y GuatemalaB México y HondurasC Guatemala y HondurasD México, Guatemala y Honduras26. La Organización de los Estados Americanos (OEA) es una organización _______.A nacional de los Estados UnidosB regional panamericanistaC regional latinoamericanaD internacional27. La movilización estudiantil de 2011 en _______ fue interpretada como parte deun movimiento social.A MéxicoB ChileC ArgentinaD Bolivia28. _______ son las comunidades españolas con más reinvidicación nacionalista.A Cataluña y el País VascoB Andalucía y ValenciaC Galicia y CataluñaD Castilla y el País Vasco29. La elevada tasa de _______ es el problema crónico de la economía española.A crecimiento del sector inmobiliarioB inflaciónC paroD deuda pública30. En el mes de marzo de 2011, la ciudad japonesa de _______ sufrióun fuerteterremoto que produjo grandes pérdidas humanas y materiales.A NagasakiB YokohamaC FukushimaD KiotoCompleta el siguiente texto eligiendo para cada uno de los espacios en blanco una de las tres opciones que se te ofrecen y pon en la hoja de respuestas la letra de la opción que consideres correcta. (10/100, 0.5×20)Puedes utilizar esta página como borrador si lo estimas conveniente.Rescate de gorilas (大猩猩)por Pilar Gil Villar No ha cumplido un año y ya ha sido víctima de un secuestro. Es probable que viera cómo su madre y otros familiares morían ___1___ sus raptores（偷猎者）. Afortunadamente, la policía de Gisenyi (Ruanda) puso ___2___ a su semana de cautiverio（囚禁）, ___3___ el pequeño gorila Ihirwe terminara como mascota doméstica, ___4___ 18.000 dólares, según confesaron sus cazadores.Y también ___5___, la policía ruandesa avisó de inmediato a miembros de una ONG encargada de ___6___ por la salud de estos animales en su entorno natural. Aunque su trabajo habitual ___7___ detectar gorilas enfermos y darles los cuidados necesarios, también ___8___ en sus instalaciones a los pequeños huérfanos confiscados a traficantes.Tras un período de observación y ___9___, si no se le detecta ninguna enfermedad infecciosa, Ihirwe será ___10___ al Parque Nacional de Virunga, donde viven otros ejemplares con su misma ___11___. Los cuidadores creen que la convivencia puede trenzar（文中：产生）entre ellos los ___12___ característicos de una familia, y pretenden liberarlos una vez que el macho mayor del grupo ___13___ su espalda plateada（“银背”，雄性年长的大猩猩背部会变为银白色）.Los gorilas necesitan un macho adulto maduro que ___14___ al grupo. Solo asítendrán posibilidades de sobrevivir una vez ___15___ en libertad.Actualmente en el mundo solo quedan unos 780 gorilas de montaña, ___16___ en parques nacionales de África. Los ___17___ con otras subespecies de gorilas. Una de las principales amenazas para su ___18___ son las enfermedades humanas, transmitidas por contacto directo o indirecto. Por eso, los trabajadores ___19___ a controles que detecten posibles fuentes de contagio. En 1985, los veterinarios detuvieron ___20___ un brote infeccioso que podría haber sido sarampión (麻疹).1. A con manos de B a manos de C en manos de2. A fin B final C acabada3. A debido a que B dado que C antes de que4. A a cambio de B por cambio de C en cambio de5. A con suerte B por suerte C de suerte6. A velar B cuidar C supervisar7. A constituye B consiste en C insiste en8. A cogen B recogen C curan9. A adaptación B adopción C recepción10.A cuidado B tratado C trasladado11.A especie B enfermedad C historia12.A ánimos B sentidos C lazos13.A haya adquirido B haya recibido C haya convertido14.A controle B proteja C defienda15. A devueltos B puestos C dispuestos16. A recuperados B alimentados C distribuidos17. A comparten B comparan C compiten18. A supervivencia B convivencia C vivencia19. A se responsabilizan B se someten C se entregan20. A con tiempo B en tiempo C a tiempoLee detenidamente el siguiente texto para hacer los ejercicios que se dan al final.Tierra de redentores (救世主)por Enrique KrauzeNo uno, sino dos fantasmas recorren la historia independiente y moderna de América Latina: el culto al caudillo y el mito de la Revolución. Los pensadores liberales del siglo XIX abjuraron de (摒弃) ambos1). En Facundo–su2) obra clásica sobre el caudillo Facundo Quiroga, “sombra terrible” de las pampas–, Sarmiento recreó al prototipo del poder personal en el siglo XIX latinoamericano, el dueño de vidas y haciendas, hombre de horca y cuchillo, símbolo de Barbarie opuesta a la Civilización. En el siglo XX, con el advenimiento de la Revolución mexicana y la bolchevique, una lenta trasmutación (演变) comenzóa operar en la realidad y la imaginación de nuestros países: la crítica del caudillo se transformóen culto al hombre fuerte; y la Revolución adquirió el prestigio de una nueva aurora de justicia para los pueblos A).La sacralización (神圣化) de la Historia en la persona de un héroe produce la figura política de los “redentores”. En América Latina el proceso 3) tuvo antecedentes populares en la guerra de la Independencia mexicana y en los movimientos mesiánicos (信仰救世主的) de Brasil, pero su versión moderna4) nace del agravio (蔑视) contra Estados Unidos a partir de la guerra de 1898. Todavía Martí, el último liberal del XIX, pudo soñar con un mundo de repúblicas americanas, orientadas al progreso y respetuosas entre sí.B) Pero las actitudes imperiales d el“monstruo”5) en cuyas entrañas había vivido y cuya democracia y dinamismo había admirado6) terminaron por decepcionar lo7). Con su muerte muriótambién el proyecto de una América homogénea e igualitaria. Había que imaginar y construir otra América, distinta y opuesta a la del Norte 8). Movido por ese agravio, el pensador uruguayo JoséEnrique Rodópublicóen 1900 un folleto que influyóen el destino político e intelectual de “Nuestra América”. Se titulaba Ariel y postulaba un “choque de civilizaciones”entre la superior espiritualidad de Hispanoamérica y la “barbarie” materialista de Estados Unidos.Conforme avanzóel siglo, las más diversas corrientes ideológicas (el nacionalismo, el anarquismo, el socialismo, el marxismo, el indigenismo y aun el fascismo) fueron deudoras, en diversa medida, del idealismo “arielista”C) y se encarnaron en personajes con ideas o actitudes “redentoras”, como las del mexicano José Vasconcelos, que quiso ser presidente para “salvar a México” y vio en AméricaLatina la cuna d e una “Raza Cósmica”, o las más terrenales 9)del peruano JoséCarlos Mariátegui, que profetizó(预言) la convergencia revolucionaria entre el marxismo y el indigenismo.En el verano de 1968 estallóen México un movimiento estudiantil que se proponía 10) la apertura de espacios de libertad en un sistema autoritario. El 2 de octubre el Gobierno masacró (杀戮) a decenas de estudiantes en la plaza de Tlatelolco.A raíz de la matanza de Tlatelolco, Octavio Paz, nuestro poeta mayor, renunció a la Embajada de India. Sus 11) lectores esperábamos su regreso para encabezar un partidoinsólito: el 1 de octubre de 1971, fundóla revista Plural ydisidencia de izquierda en México y Latinoamérica. E)En diciembre de 1976, apareció la revista Vuelta, heredera de Plural, que circulóampliamente por el mundo de habla hispana. Era la trinchera de Paz. F)No se ocupaba13) académicamente de la historia política de América Latina, sino que quería cambiar la 14). Por eso, postulaba la democracia y combatía las lacras（恶习）derivadas del culto al caudillo.Como tragedia y como farsa, los fantasmas redentores del poder y el dogma siguen rondando la vida latinoamericana. Ningún empeño por eliminarlos se compara al de Mario Vargas Llosa. Su liderazgo intelectual y moral ha sido indiscutible. En sus obras, como expresó el comité que le otorgó en 2010 el Premio Nobel, Vargas Llosa ha construido una “cartografía (制图学) de las estructuras de poder y el reflejo de éstas en la resistencia del individuo G), en su 15) rebelión y su derrota”. Su tema central ha sido la minuciosa y apasionada crítica de ese poder: el poder de los fanatismos de la identidad (racial, nacional, ideológica, religiosa) y el poder de los dictadores militares o revolucionarios, a quienes detesta 16) por razones casi genéticas. En ese sentido,su trayectoria contrasta con la de Gabriel García Márquez, el otro gran novelista latinoamericano en cuya obra no es difícil advertir una marcada veneración por el hombre fuerte a partir de la cual 17) se comprende su 18) prolongado servicio a la Revolución cubana y a su amigo, el redentor inmortal.El mesianismo político latinoamericano nacióen 1898 en Cuba, cristalizóen Cuba en 1959, y definirásu 19) destino en Cuba, en un futuro cercano. El hechizo de la Revolución fue tan grande como lo 20)es ahora el desencanto y la pesadumbre de las generaciones sacrificadas en el altar de un caudillo vitalicio (终生的). Ojalá llegue la hora de la reconstrucción y la reconciliación, la hora de la libertad: obra de demócratas, no de redentores.(Adaptación del artículo del mismo título publicado en El País,el 1 de octubre de 2011)SECCIÓN 1Pon en la hoja de respuesta a qué se refiere la parte en cursiva y, en caso de verbo, cuál es el sujeto. (10/100, 0.5×20)1.Los pensadores liberales del siglo XIX abjuraron de (摒弃)ambos1).2.En Facundo –su2) obra clásica sobre el caudillo Facundo Quiroga, “sombraterrible” de las pampas–, Sarmiento recreó al prototipo del poder personal...3.En América Latina el proceso 3) tuvo antecedentes populares en la guerra deindependencia mexicana y en los movimientos mesiánicos (信仰救世主的) de Brasil ...4.... pero su versión moderna4) nace del agravio (蔑视) contra Estados Unidos apartir de la guerra de 1898.5.Pero las actitudes imperiales d el“monstruo”5) en cuyas entrañas había vivido ycuya democracia y dinamismo había admirado6) terminaron por decepcionar lo 7).6.Había que imaginar y construir otra América, distinta y opuesta a la del Norte 8).7.... o las más terrenales 9) del peruano José Carlos Mariátegui ...8.En el verano de 1968 estallóen México un movimiento estudiantil que seproponía 10) la apertura de espacios de libertad en un sistema autoritario.9.Sus 11) lectores esperábamos su regreso para encabezar un partido revolucionariode izquierda.10.Pero Paz pensóque la batalla central de América Latina era de ideas y debíalibrarse 12) en el ámbito de la literatura.11.No se ocupaba13) académicamente de la historia política de América Latina, sinoque quería cambiar la 14).12.Vargas Llosa ha construido una “cartografía (制图学) de las estructuras de podery el reflejo de éstas en la resistencia del individuo, en su 15) rebelión y su derrota”.13.... a quienes detesta 16) por razones casi genéticas.14.... en cuya obra no es difícil advertir una marcada veneración por el hombre fuertea partir de la cual 17) se comprende su 18) prolongado servicio a la Revolucióncubana y a su amigo, el redentor inmortal.15.... y definirásu 19) destino en Cuba ...16.El hechizo de la Revolución fue tan grande como lo 20)es ahora el desencanto y lapesadumbre de las generaciones sacrificadas en el altar de un caudillo vitalicio (终生的).SECCIÓN 2Interpreta en español el sentido de las siguientes oraciones. (15/100)A.... la Revolución adquirióel prestigio de una nueva aurora de justicia para lospueblos.B.Todavía Martí, ..., pudo soñar con un mundo de repúblicas americanas, orientadasal progreso y respetuosas entre sí.C.... las más diversas corrientes ideológicas fueron deudoras, en diversa medida, delidealismo “arielista”.D.Paz pensó que la batalla central de América Latina era de ideas.E.... en ella puso casa a la disidencia de izquierda en México y Latinoamérica.F.Era la trinchera de Paz.G.Vargas Llosa ha construido una “cartografía (制图学) de las estructuras de podery el reflejo de éstas en la resistencia del individuo ...”SECCIÓN 1Traduce al chino el siguiente texto. (15/100)Vivir sin máscarasLa sociedad contemporánea se ha convertido en un gran teatro. Al haber sido educados para comportarnos y actuar de una determinada manera, en vez de mostrarnos auténticos, honestos y libres, solemos llevar una máscara puesta y con ella interpretamos a un personaje que es del agrado de los demás. Si bien vivir bajo una máscara nos permite sentirnos más cómodos y seguros, con el tiempo conlleva un precio muy alto: la desconexión con nuestra verdadera esencia. Y en algunos casos, de tanto llevar una máscara, nos olvidamos de quiénes éramos antes de ponérnosla.En nuestra sociedad ha triunfado el denominado “pensamiento único”. Es decir, se cree que lo que la sociedad considera “normal” es lo “bueno” y lo “correcto” para cada uno de nosotros, por más que vaya en contra de nuestra naturaleza. Así que, a pesar del malestar generalizado, solemos priorizar el “cómo nos ven” al “cómo nos sentimos”. Algunos individuos oc ultan sus frustraciones tras una fachada artificial que seduzca a los demás. El problema es que, cuanto más intentamos aparentar, más revelamos nuestras carencias. Dime de quépresumes y te diréde quécareces. De hecho, la vanidad no es más que una capa falsa que utilizamos para proyectar una imagen de triunfo. El llamado “prestigio” no es, en el fondo, más que etiquetas con las que cubrir la desnudez que sentimos cuando no nos valoramos por lo que somos.Es necesario comunicarnos con nosotros mismos a través de nuestros pensamientos. Eso sí, debido a los múltiples elementos con los que hemos sido condicionados, hoy día ser uno mismo es un acto revolucionario.SECCIÓN 2Traduce al español el siguiente texto: (15/100)中国私人藏书从春秋战国时期开始到清末被近代图书馆取代为止，有两千多年的历史。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
2012年全国高校西班牙语专业八级水平测试笔试试卷参考答案每题0.5分，30题，共15分1.A2.B3.C4.D5.C6.D7.C8.D9.A10.A11.B12.C13.B14.C15.B 16.B17.C18.A19.C20.C21.A22.B23.A24.D25.A26.B27.B28.A29.C30.C测试项目完形填空每空0.5分，20空，共10分。
1. B2. A3. C4. A5. B6. A7. B8. B9. A10.C 11.C12.C13.A14.B15.A16.C17.A18.A19.C20.C测试项目 1 指出所指或动词的主语每项0.5分，20项，共10分。
1)ambos: el culto al caudillo y el mito de la revolución2) su: de Sarmiento3) el proceso:La sacralización de la Historia en la persona de un héroe produce lafigura política de los “redentores”.4) su versión moderna:la sacralización de la Historia en la persona de un héroe y laaparición de la figura del redentor5) el monstruo:Estados Unidos6) había admirado:Martí7) lo: Martí8) la del Norte: la América del Norte9) las más terrenales: ideas o actitudes redentoras10) se proponía: un movimiento estudiantil11) Sus: de Octavio Paz12) librarse:la batalla central de América Latina13) se ocupaba:la revista Vuelta14) la: América Latina15) su:del individuo16)detesta:Mario Vargas Llosa17) la cual:una marcada reveneración por el hombre fuerte18) su:de Gabriel García Márquez19) su: del mesianismo político latinoamericano20) lo:grande测试项目 2用西班牙语解释句中划线部分的意思每项2分或3分，7项，共15分。
A.Los pueblos creían que con la Revolución se podría conseguir la justicia para todoel mundo.（2分）B.José Martí abrigaba la esperanza de crear en América repúblicas que aspiraran alprogreso y que se respetaran unas a otras.（2分）C.Casi todas las ideologías, por distintas que fueran, debían parte de sus doctrinas alidealismo derivado de “Ariel”.（2分）D.Octavio Paz creía que lo más importante para América Latina fue (sería)modernizar la mentalidad de la gente.（2分）E.Plural fue una revista en que izquierdistas de diversas índoles de México yLatinoamérica podían exponer sus criterios.（3分）F.Octavio Paz difundía sus criterios publicando artículos en la revista Vuelta, que eracomo trinchera de combate.（2分）G.Mario Vargas Llosa ha descrito con todo detalle cómo se componen los poderes ycómo la gente luchaba contra ellos.（2分）测试项目 1西译汉共15分摘掉面具生活当代社会已经变成了一个大剧场。
在接受了在行为处事方面应当如何循规蹈矩的教育之后，我们不再能够展示真实、坦诚和自由自在的自我，而是常常戴着面具生活，扮演着能够取悦他人的“角色”。
虽然戴着面具生活能够让我们感到更舒服，更有安全感，但是，长此以往，它也让我们付出高昂的代价，即彻底与我们的本我（本性）彻底脱离（断绝关系）。
有时，由于面具戴得时间太长，我们甚至忘记了在戴上面具前我们是谁。
在我们的社会中，所谓“主导（独一无二、统一）思想（意志）”占据了主导地位。
就是说，一般认为，不论与我们的本性多么相悖，社会认定“正常”的东西就是对我们每一位个体“好的”和“正确的”东西。
因此，尽管大家对此都很反感，我们还是常常更看重“别人怎么看待我们”，而不是“我们自己感觉如何”。
一些人装出一副让旁人很满意的样子，掩盖自己的失落。
问题是，我们越刻意掩饰，就越发把自己的缺陷暴露出来。
你越炫耀什么，越说明你缺少什么（你越炫耀自己的强项，越说明那恰恰是你的短处所在）。
实际上，自负不过是我们用来表现成功的一副虚假的外壳而已。
所谓的“名望”说到底就是我们不能正确评价自己时的一块块遮羞布（一块块招牌）。
我们必须通过自己的思想与自己心灵沟通。
毫无疑问，由于我们为人处事受制于各种外来的因素，如今，做一个真正的自我无异于完成一次革命行动。
测试项目 2汉译西共15分La biblioteca privada en China, desde su surgimiento entre el período de Primaveras y Otoños y el de los Reinos Combatientes hasta la sustitución por la biblioteca moderna, tuvo una historia de más de dos mil años y, a lo largo de tanto tiempo, vio una multitud incontable de bibliófilos.Si el clásico pabellón del libro privado se caracteriza por el depósito de colecciones en altos estantes únicamente para el uso individual, la biblioteca moderna se distingue por ofrecer recursos accesibles para todos. A partir de la entrada de la Edad Moderna, conforme a la difusión de los conceptos democráticos en China, viene registrándose una creciente conciencia sobre el valor de la biblioteca por parte de los ciudadanos, se abren a todo lector las bibliotecas públicas construidas con financiamiento estatal (público), permitiendo el aprovechamiento común de los bienes de lectura, lo que ha contribuido enormemente al impulso del desarrollo académico, cultural y educativo de nuestro país.Tras la fundación de la República Popular de China, se ha creado un sistema de bibliotecas públicas que cubre toda la nación. Hoy en día, las bibliotecas públicas, que abarcan, entre otras, las del Estado, las provinciales, municipales o regionales autónomas, y hasta las de cantón, poblado o subdistrito urbano, se constituyen (se construyen, se crean) principalmente con financiamiento del Gobierno Central y de los gobiernos locales de diversos niveles, y prestan servicio gratis al lector. La Biblioteca Nacional asentada en Beijing cuenta con un catálogo de 25 millones de ejemplares (piezas), es la más grande de su especie en Asia. Según la estadística de 2004, en todo el país hay 2.710 bibliotecas públicas del nivel de distrito para arriba, con una reserva de 400 millones de ejemplares.。