英汉互译第一章

----Eugene A, Nida,
The Theory And Practice Of Translation 5
“如翻锦绣，两面俱华，但左右不同耳”
----宋僧法云
“有似嚼饭与人，非徒失味，乃令呕哕也”
----后秦翻译家鸠摩罗什
翻译是译者将一种语言文字所蕴含的意思用另一种
语言文字表述出来的文化活动。
王維
▪ Yet—hear—
▪ 空山不見人， ▪ human sounds and
▪ 但聞人語响。 echoes.
▪ 返景入深林， ▪ Returning sunlight
▪ 复照青苔上。 ▪ enters the dark woods;
▪ Again shining
▪ on the green moss,
above. 20
▪ Translated by Gary Snyder
▪ 杳杳寒山道 落落冷涧滨 啾啾常有鸟 寂寂更无人
淅淅风吹面 纷纷雪积身
朝朝不见日 岁岁不知春 ▪ Rough and dark--Cold Mountain trail,
Sharp cobbles--the icy creek bank.
物理环境、生存需要、生活模式等产生趋 同的思想感情。
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And so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for
you. Ask what you can do for your county. 所以，我的美国同胞们，不要问你的国 家能为你做些什么；而要问你能为国家 做些什么。
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5.1 语言层面上的不可译性
▪ 同形异义和同音异义
▪ 拆字
▪ 连珠
▪ 联边
▪ 回文
▪ 绕口令
▪ 对联
▪ 格律诗
▪ 成语、习语、民谚
▪ 幽默
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1）同形异义和同音异义 美的(meidi)空调，美的(meide)享受。 “咳”不容缓。(止咳糖浆) 默默无“蚊”的奉献。(驱蚊器) Seven days' hard work makes one week.
▪
by Xu Yuanchong
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▪ “Poetry is what gets lost in translation.” ----美国诗人 Robert Frost
▪ “Poetry is what is gained in translation.” ----俄裔美国诗人Joseph Brodsky
Yammering, chirping--always the birds,
Bleak, alone, not even a lone hiker.
Whip, whip--the wind slaps my face,
Whirled and tumbled--snow piles on my back.
• Mother tongue competence • Foreign language competence • Cultural competence • Flexibility • Time management • Research capacities • Self-criticism
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drowned.
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9）成语、习语、民谚 千 钧 一发 和尚打伞——无法（发）无天 狗撵鸭子——呱呱叫
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10）幽默 A: What’s usually used as a
conductor of electricity? B: Why-er… A: Correct. Wire. Now tell me, what is
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When a woman complained to her butcher that his sausage tasted like meat at one end, but like bread at the other, he replied, “Madam, in times like these no butcher can make both ends meat”.
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▪ 翻译是一种类似创造的艺术活动； 翻译给予原文“另一个生命”（an after life）。 ----本雅明
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4.untranslatability 二律背反 (Paradox)
肯定原文的可译性，暗示着两种 语言文化之间的不可译性。
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没有任何两种语言相似到了人们认为 他们代表着相同的社会现实的程度。 (Edward Sapir)
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He gazed at the mushroom fortress with astonishment as it loomed distinctly but grandly through a
morning fog. 他凝视着蘑菇状的城堡在晨曦中依稀可 见、巍然耸立，不禁惊讶起来。
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她夏练三伏，冬练三九。 She kept practicing in the hottest days in summer and the coldest days in winter.
喇叭。 拎着喇叭的喇嘛用喇叭打了拎着挞嘛的哑巴， 拎着挞嘛的哑巴也用挞嘛打了拎着喇叭的喇嘛。
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Cat, cat, cat, catch the fat rat fast. A cook can cook a cock, but a cock can’t cook a cock.
A canner can can anything he can can can, but he can not can a can, can he?
Morning after morning I don't see the sun,
Year after year, not a sign of spring.
▪
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▪ Long, long the pathway to Cold Hill; Drear, drear the waterside so chill. Chirp, chirp, I often hear the bird; Mute, mute, nobody says a word. Gust by gust winds caress my face; Flake on flake snow covers all trace. From day to day the sun won't shine; From year to year no spring is mine.
----Peter Newmark, A Textbook Of Translation
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“Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, firstly in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.”
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2） 拆字 人曾为僧，人弗可以成佛； 女卑为婢，女又何妨称奴。 The man who has been a monk can
not become a Buddha. The girl who is a bond maid may be called a slave.
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冻雨洒窗, 东两点，西三点; 切瓜分片，横七刀，竖八刀。 琴瑟琵琶，八大王，王王在上。
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1.Definition of Translation
▪ What is translation?
▪ Science? Craft? ▪ Art? ▪ Communication?
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1.Definition of Translation
“[…]rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text.”
Madam, I’m Adam. Sir, I’m Iris. 女士，我叫亚当。 先生，我叫艾丽斯。
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6）绕口令
扁担长，板凳宽，扁担压在板凳上，板凳不让扁担压在板 凳上，扁担偏要压在板凳上。
东边来了个喇嘛， 西边来了个哑巴， 喇嘛手里拎着五斤喇叭， 哑巴腰里别着个挞嘛， 别着喇叭的要用喇叭换手里拎着挞嘛的哑巴的挞嘛， 拎着挞嘛的哑巴不愿意用挞嘛换手里拎着喇叭的喇嘛的
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A: What do lawyers do when they die?
B: Lie still. A: 律师死了还能干啥？ B:身子动弹不得，嘴上撒谎依旧 比较： 躺着说鬼话。
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A hopeless widower said: “Nothing can mend a broken heart.” A widow answered: “Except repairing.” 一位绝望的鳏夫：什么也无法修补一颗 破碎的心。 一个寡妇：除了重新配成一对。
▪ 反对把机械主义和忠实混为一谈 ▪ 译者的任务：展现“原文的可译性”(to
demonstrate the translatability of the original)。 ▪ Translatability and Untranslatability可译性/ 不可译性
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The ideal translator
Translatability可译性 Untranslatability不可译性 不可译性的类型 不可译性的解决
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3.Translatability
文化的通约性与可译性 1）可译性（translatability) 不同语言的人对同一个事物产生相同或相近