汽车服务备件的库存管理研究

华中科技大学

硕士学位论文

汽车服务备件的库存管理研究

姓名：李晋

申请学位级别：硕士

专业：管理科学与工程

指导教师：崔南方

20061022

华中科技大学硕士学位论文

摘要

备件分为维修备件和服务备件两种。目前国内外研究的比较多的是维修备件，对服务备件领域的研究甚少，尤其是汽车行业。近年来我国汽车行业销售利润急剧下降，售后服务成为企业新的利润增长点，而汽车服务备件作为售后服务的支撑也就显得尤为重要。因此，对汽车服务备件库存管理的研究是很有实际意义的。

汽车服务备件的管理十分复杂，主要存在以下问题：汽车服务备件的种类繁多，并且随着车型的不断丰富，服务备件的种类还在不断增加；汽车服务备件的需求具有极大的不确定性，难以准确预测，而且需求地域分布广泛，需求量地区分布不均匀、不稳定；汽车服务备件必须在车型的生命周期内一直保持供应，必须在一个较长的承诺服务期内保证售后服务的需要；汽车服务备件的管理直接影响到顾客满意度，而顾客满意度又直接影响到企业的品牌形象，因此企业为了保证售后服务质量往往采用过量库存。

论文首先对汽车服务备件的研究背景进行了详细的介绍，接着从一些相关数据入手，分析了汽车服务备件的管理难点以及库存管理对策；然后以分类管理为基础，分别对汽车服务备件的库存分布结构和库存策略进行了分析。首先通过需求性和服务响应时间要求这两个指标将服务备件分为了九类，并对每一类服务备件的库存策略做了简要阐述。然后采用一种两阶段的分类方法结合VMI和联合库存管理等供应链库存管理思想，对我国现阶段汽车服务备件的库存分布进行了优化。

关键词：服务备件;库存管理;分类管理

华中科技大学硕士学位论文

Abstract

There are two kinds of spare parts: spare parts used for maintenance and service parts. And the study of spare parts used for maintenance is comparatively far more than the study of service parts. And the study of service parts in car industry is much less. These years the profit of selling cars is declining sharply and after service become the new hot point. As one part of after-sales, car service parts is becoming more and more important. Accordingly it has practice significance to study the inventory management of car service parts.

The management of car service parts is extremely complicated. The problems are as follows: Firstly, there are a variety of car service parts and the quantity of categories is increasing every year; Secondly, the demands for car service parts are indeterminate and hardly forecasted, furthermore the demands is different in different areas; Thirdly, car service parts have to be continuously supplied in the car life cycle to guarantee the quality of after service; Fourthly, the management of car service parts directly influences the satisfaction of clients, and consequently influences the brand of company, so lots of companies hold excessive inventories to protect their brand.

At the very beginning of this paper the research background of car service parts is introduced in detail. Then we start with some data, analyses the difficulty and the countermeasure in studying inventory management of car service parts. And then on the base of classification management, we respectively analyze the distribution of inventory and inventory strategies for different car service parts. Firstly, we classify all the service parts into nine groups using two indexes: demand and response time of service. Then we set different inventory strategies for the nine groups of service parts. Secondly, we use a two-phase classification method and some supply chain management idea like VMI, JMI to optimize the distribution of car service parts inventory in our country at present.

Keywords：Service parts; Inventory management; Classification management