材料英语专业基础词汇

材料科学基础常用英语词汇

材料的类型Types of materials, metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, elastomer 部分材料性质复习Review of selected properties of materials,

电导率和电阻率conductivity and resistivity,

热导率thermal conductivity,

应力和应变stress and strain,

弹性应变elastic strain,

塑性应变plastic strain,

屈服强度yield strength,

最大抗拉强度ultimate tensile strength,

最大强度ultimate strength,

延展性ductility,

伸长率elongation,

断面收缩率reduction of area,

颈缩necking,

断裂强度breaking strength,

韧性toughness,

硬度hardness,

疲劳强度fatigue strength,

蜂窝honeycomb,

热脆性heat shortness,

晶胞中的原子数atoms per cell,

点阵lattice, 阵点lattice point,

点阵参数lattice parameter,

密排六方hexagonal close-packed,

六方晶胞hexagonal unit cell,

体心立方body-centered cubic,

面心立方face-centered cubic,

弥勒指数Miller indices,

晶面crystal plane,

晶系crystal system,

晶向crystal direction,

相变机理Phase transformation mechanism:

成核生长相变nucleation–growth transition,

斯宾那多分解spinodal decomposition,

有序无序转变disordered-order transition,

马氏体相变martensite phase transformation，

成核nucleation,

成核机理nucleation mechanism,

成核势垒nucleation barrier,

晶核，结晶中心nucleus of crystal,

（金属组织的）基体quay,

基体，基块，基质，结合剂matrix,

子晶，雏晶matted crystal,

耔晶，晶种seed crystal,

耔晶取向seed orientation,

籽晶生长seeded growth,

均质核化homogeneous nucleation,

异质核化heterogeneous nucleation,

均匀化热处理homogenization heat treatment,

熟料grog,

自恰场self-consistent field

固溶体Solid solution:

有序固溶体ordered solid solution,

无序固溶体disordered solid solution,

有序合金ordered alloy,

无序合金disordered alloy.

无序点阵disordered lattice,

分散，扩散，弥散dispersal,

分散剂dispersant,

分散剂，添加剂dispersant additive,

分散剂，弥散剂dispersant agent

缺陷defect, imperfection,

点缺陷point defect,

线缺陷line defect, dislocation,

面缺陷interface defect, surface defect,

体缺陷volume defect,

位错排列dislocation arrangement,

位错阵列dislocation array,

位错气团dislocation atmosphere,

位错轴dislocation axis,

位错胞dislocation cell,

位错爬移dislocation climb,

位错滑移dislocation slip, dislocation movement by slip, 位错聚结dislocation coalescence,

位错核心能量dislocation core energy,

位错裂纹dislocation crack,

位错阻尼dislocation damping,

位错密度dislocation density,

体积膨胀volume dilation,

体积收缩volume shrinkage,

回火tempering,

退火annealing,

退火的，软化的softened,

软化退火，软化（处理）softening,

淬火quenching,

淬火硬化quenching hardening,

正火normalizing, normalization,

退火织构annealing texture,

人工时效artificial aging,

细长比aspect ratio,

形变热处理ausforming,

等温退火austempering,

奥氏体austenite,

奥氏体化austenitizing,

贝氏体bainite,

马氏体martensite,

马氏体淬火marquench,

马氏体退火martemper,

马氏体时效钢maraging steel,

渗碳体cementite,

固溶强化solid solution strengthening,

钢屑混凝土steel chips concrete,

水玻璃，硅酸钠sodium silicate,

水玻璃粘结剂sodium silicate binder,

硅酸钠类防水剂sodium silicate waterproofing agent, 扩散diffusion,

扩散系数diffusivity,

相变phase transition,

烧结sintering,

固相反应solid-phase reaction,

相图与相结构phase diagrams and phase structures , 相phase,

组分component,

自由度freedom,

相平衡phase equilibrium,

吉布斯相律Gibbs phase rule,

吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy,

吉布斯混合能Gibbs energy of mixing,

吉布斯熵Gibbs entropy,

吉布斯函数Gibbs function,

相平衡phase balance,

相界phase boundary,

相界线phase boundary line,

相界交联phase boundary crosslinking,

相界有限交联phase boundary crosslinking,

相界反应phase boundary reaction,

相变phase change,

相组成phase composition,

共格相phase-coherent,