无机非金属材料专业英语复习题
无机非金属材料工程专业英语 第2章
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
LearningObjectives
After careful study of this chapter you should be able to do the following: 1. Name the two atomic models cited, and note the differences between them. 2. Describe the important quantum-mechanical principle （量子 理论）that relates to electron energies. 3. (a) Schematically plot attractive, repulsive, and net energies versus interatomic separation for two atoms or ions. (b) Note on this plot the equilibrium separation and the bonding energy. 4. (a) Briefly describe ionic, covalent, metallic, hydrogen, and van der Waals bonds. (b) Note what materials exhibit each of these bonding types.
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Chapter 2 Atomic Structure and Interatomic Bonding
Covalent Bond(SiO2 B2O3)
无机非金属材料工程专业英语 第6章
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Introduction
Many materials or components, e.g. road wheels of a car, when in service , are subjected to forces or loads. In such situations it is necessary to know the characteristics of the material and to design the member from which it is made such that any resulting deformation will not be excessive and fracture will not occur . The mechanical behavior of a material reflects the relationship between its response or deformation to an applied load or force. Important mechanical properties are strength, hardness, ductility, and stiffness.
in which l0 is the original length（原始长度） before any load is applied, and li is the instantaneous length（瞬时长 度）. Sometimes the quantity li－l0 is denoted as Δl, and is the deformation elongation or change in length at some instant, as referenced to the original length. Engineering strain (subsequently called just strain) is unitless （无量纲）, but meters per meter or inches per inch are often used.
无机非金属材料工程专业英语 第7章
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Slip 滑移 Slip system 滑移系 Recrystallization 再结晶 solid-solution strengthening 固溶强化 strain hardening 应变强化 strengthening by grain size reduction 细晶强化 annealing 退火 temper 回火 quench 淬火 ageing 时效
2. Basic concepts of dislocations
Plastic deformation corresponds to the motion of large numbers of dislocations. An edge dislocation moves in response to a shear stress applied in a direction perpendicular to its line. In an edge dislocation, localized lattice distortion exists along the end of an extra half-plane of atoms. The mechanics of dislocation motion are represented in Fig.7.1
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
natural ageing自然时效 artifical ageing人工时效 dislocation multiplication 位错繁殖 misorientation 位相差异 equiaxed grains 等轴晶粒 elongated grains 拉长晶粒
无机非金属材料工程专业英语
无机非金属材料工程专业英语一、无机非金属材料概论中文英文无机非金属材料inorganic non-metallic materials 定义definition分类classification组成composition结构structure性能properties制备方法preparation methods应用领域application fields陶瓷ceramics玻璃glass耐火材料refractories水泥cement石膏gypsum石棉asbestos碳素材料carbon materials石墨graphite碳纤维carbon fiber碳纳米管carbon nanotube钻石diamond全氟聚合物fluoropolymer聚四氟乙烯polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)聚偏氟乙烯polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)聚合物陶瓷polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs)氧化物陶瓷oxide ceramics氧化铝alumina (Al2O3)氧化锆zirconia (ZrO2)氧化镁magnesia (MgO)氧化钛titania (TiO2)非氧化物陶瓷non-oxide ceramics氮化硅silicon nitride (Si3N4)氮化铝aluminium nitride (AlN)碳化硅silicon carbide (SiC)碳化钨tungsten carbide (WC)碳化钛titanium carbide (TiC)二、物理化学中文英文物理化学physical chemistry物质matter结构structure组成composition性质properties变化规律laws of change分子运动论kinetic theory of molecules分子molecule原子atom离子ion气体gas液体liquid固体solid理想气体ideal gas真实气体real gas相平衡phase equilibrium相phase相图phase diagram相规则phase rule单元系unary system二元系binary system三元系ternary system溶液理论solution theory溶液solution溶剂solvent溶质solute浓度concentration摩尔分数mole fraction理想溶液ideal solution非理想溶液non-ideal solutionRaoult定律Raoult's lawHenry定律Henry's law三、无机材料科学基础中文英文无机材料科学基础fundamentals of inorganic materials science 无机材料inorganic materials结构structure性能properties结构-性能关系structure-property relationship晶体结构crystal structure晶体系统crystal system点阵类型lattice type空间群space group单胞参数lattice parameters基元胞primitive cell单位胞unit cell四、热工基础中文英文热工基础thermal engineering fundamentals热力学thermodynamics传热学heat transfer流体力学fluid mechanics热工学科thermal engineering disciplines 热力学第一定律first law of thermodynamics热力学第二定律second law of thermodynamics 热力系统thermodynamic system系统边界system boundary系统状态system state状态方程equation of state过程process循环cycle工作物质working substance理想气体ideal gas气体常数gas constant温度temperature压力pressure体积volume内能internal energy热容heat capacity比热容specific heat capacity焓enthalpy熵entropy自由能free energy吉布斯函数Gibbs function卡诺循环Carnot cycle热效率thermal efficiency 反向卡诺循环reversed Carnot cycle制冷系数coefficient of performance传导传热heat conduction傅里叶定律Fourier's law热导率thermal conductivity热阻thermal resistance稳态传热steady-state heat transfer非稳态传热transient heat transfer对流传热heat convection对流换热系数convection heat transfer coefficient 力对流forced convection自然对流natural convection努塞尔特数Nusselt number辐射传热heat radiation斯特藩-玻尔兹曼定律Stefan-Boltzmann law黑体blackbody发射率emissivity吸收率absorptivity反射率reflectivity透射率transmissivity灰体graybody视域因子view factor流体静力学fluid statics流体fluid密度density粘度viscosity表面张力surface tension液压hydrostatics帕斯卡定律Pascal's law流体运动方程equations of fluid motion质量守恒方程continuity equation动量守恒方程momentum equation能量守恒方程energy equation雷诺数Reynolds number理想流体ideal fluid实际流体real fluid层流laminar flow湍流turbulent flow边界层boundary layer阻力drag升力lift伯努利方程Bernoulli's equation皮托管Pitot tube五、无机非金属材料物理性能中文英文无机非金属材料物理性能physical properties of inorganic non-metallic materials 电学性能electrical properties磁学性能magnetic properties光学性能optical properties声学性能acoustic properties热学性能thermal properties电导率electrical conductivity电阻率electrical resistivity电容率electrical capacitance介电常数dielectric constant压电效应piezoelectric effect热电效应thermoelectric effect光电效应photoelectric effect半导体性质semiconductor properties铁电性质ferroelectric properties磁导率magnetic permeability磁化率magnetic susceptibility磁滞回线hysteresis loop铁磁性质ferromagnetic properties反铁磁性质antiferromagnetic properties顺磁性质paramagnetic properties抗磁性质diamagnetic properties光学常数optical constants折射率refractive index反射率reflectance吸收率absorbance透射率transmittance色散现象dispersion phenomenon双折射现象birefringence phenomenon声速sound velocity声阻抗acoustic impedance。
The professional English for Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials(无机非金属专业一些专业词汇)
The Professional English for Inorganic Nonmetallic MaterialsA.Translation1.We define ceramics as the art and science of making and using solid articles which have as their essentialcomponent ,and are composed in large part of, inorganic nonmetallic materials.我们把陶瓷学定义为制造和应用由无机非金属材料作为基本组分组成的固体制品的技术和科学。
2.The origination of novel ceramic materials and new methods of manufacture requires us to take afundamental approach to the art and science and a broad view of the field.新颖的陶瓷材料和新的制造方法的出现，要求我们对这种技艺和科学进行基础性的探讨，并且要对相关领域有更广泛的认识。
3.Perhaps even more important than being useful or necessary of themselves are those situations inwhich the feasibility or effectiveness of a large system depends critically on its ceramic components.也许比陶瓷本身的实用性或必要性更为重要的是，一个大的系统是否切实可行或有效，在很大程度上取决于这一系统中所使用的陶瓷组件。
4.This leverage in the importance of ceramic materials has in many cases led to intensive research toward abetter understanding of properties, often out of all proportion to their dollar value.在很多情况下，陶瓷材料所具有的举足轻重的地位导致了对其进行深入的研究，以便更好地了解它的性能。
无机非金属材料专业英语复习题
无机非金属材料专业英语复习题材料科学与工程专业英语（要懂得变通，背了的词组里有些词可以换了以后变成另一个词，背词组建议把词组拆开背会各词的意思。
）一、二单词、词组翻译（英译汉'15'2=30⨯）⨯汉译英'1515'1=单词：1 H 氢Hydrogen 11 Na 钠Sodium2 He 氦Helium 12 Mg 镁Magnesium3 Li 锂Lithium 13 Al 铝Aluminum4 Be 铍Beryllium 14 Si 硅Silicon5 B 硼Boron 15 P 磷Phosphorus6 C 碳Carbon 16 S 硫Sulfur7 N 氮Nitrogen 17 Cl 氯Chlorine8 O 氧Oxygen 18 Ar 氩Argon9 F 氟Fluorine 19 K 钾Potassium10 Ne 氖Neon 20 Ca 钙Calciumbarium nitrate硝酸钡magnesium carbonate 碳酸镁manganese sulfate硫酸锰（此处结构注意后面酸的写法，前面元素可换）PS：常用单词Mechanical 力学的magnetic 磁学的electrical 电学的thermal 热学的Optical 光学的deteriorative 化学的carbonate碳酸calcium carbonate 碳酸钙oxide 氧化物nitride 氮化物Carbide 碳化物Processing 加工stiffness 刚度toughness 韧性structure 结构property 性质performance 性能strength 强度density 密度ceramic 陶瓷plastic 塑料semiconductor 半导体polymer 聚合物metal 金属alloy 合金composite 复合材料Atomic 原子的electronic 电子的phase 相PS:加粗的必掌握。
材料英语证书考试(PEC)-无机非金属材料词汇
材料英语证书考试(PEC)-无机非金属材料词汇alloy 合金atomic-scale architecture 原子尺度结构（构造）brittle 脆性的ceramic 陶瓷composite 复合材料concrete 混凝土conductor? 导体crystalline? 晶态的devitrified 反玻璃化的（晶化的）ductility （可）延（展）性，可锻性electronic and magnetic material? 电子和磁性材料element 元素fiberglass 玻璃钢glass 玻璃glass-ceramic 玻璃陶瓷/微晶玻璃insulator 绝缘体materials science and engineering 材料科学与工程materials selection 材料选择metallic 金属的microcircuitry 微电路microscopic-scale architecture 微观尺度结构（构造）noncrystalline 非晶态的nonmetallic 非金属的oxide 氧化物periodic table 周期表plastic 塑性的、塑料polyethylene 聚乙烯polymer 聚合物property 性能（质）refractory 耐火材料、耐火的semiconductor 半导体silica 石英、二氧化硅silicate 硅酸盐silicon 硅steel 钢structural material 结构材料wood 木材aluminum alloy 铝合金gray iron 灰口铁amorphous metal 无定形金属high-alloy steel 高合金钢austenitic stainless steel 奥氏体不锈钢high-strength low-alloy steel 高强度低合金钢Brinell hardness number 布氏硬度值Hooke’s law 胡克定律carbon steel 碳钢impact energy 冲击能cast iron 铸铁lead alloy 铅合金Charpy test Charpy试验low-alloy steel 低合金钢cold working 冷作加工lower yield point 屈服点下限copper alloy 铜合金magnesium alloy 镁合金creep curve 蠕变曲线malleable iron 可锻铸铁primary stage 第一（初期）阶段martensitic stainless steel 马氏体不锈钢secondary stage 第二阶段modulus of elasticity 弹性模量tertiary(final)? stage 第三（最后）阶段modulus of rigidity 刚性模量dislocation climb 位错攀（爬）移nickel alloy 镍合金ductile iron 球墨铸铁nickel-aluminum superalloy 镍铝超合金ductile-to-brittle transition temperature 韧性-脆性转变温度nonferrous alloy 非铁合金ductility （可）延（展）性，可锻性plastic deformation 塑性变形elastic deformation 弹性变形Poi ssion’s ratio 泊松比engineering strain 工程应变precious metal 贵金属engineering stress 工程应力precipitation-hardened stainless steel 沉淀(脱溶)硬化不锈钢fatigue curve 疲劳曲线rapidly solidified alloy 速凝合金/快速固化合金fatigue strength (endurance limit) 疲劳强度（耐久极限）refractory? metal 耐火（高温）金属ferritic stainless steel 铁素体不锈钢Rockwell hardness 洛氏硬度ferrous alloy 铁基合金shear modulus 剪（切）模量fracture mechanics 断裂机制shear strain 剪（切）应变fracture toughness 断裂韧性shear stress 剪（切）应力gage length 标距（长度），计量长度，有效长度solution hardening 固溶强化galvanization 电镀，镀锌steel 钢strain hardening 应变强化white iron 白铁，白口铁superalloy 超合金wrought alloy 可锻（锻造、轧制）合金tensile strength 拉伸强度yield point 屈服点titanium alloy 钛合金yield strength 屈服强度tool steel 工具钢Young’s modulus 杨氏模量toughness 韧性zinc alloy 锌合金upper yield point 屈服点上限annealing point 退火点linear coefficient of thermal expansion线性热膨胀系数refractory 耐火材料borosilicate glass 硼硅酸盐玻璃expansion 膨胀silicate 硅酸盐brittle fracture 脆性断裂magnetic ceramic 磁性陶瓷silicate glass 硅酸盐玻璃clay 粘土melting range 熔化（温度）范围soda-lime silica glass 钠钙硅酸盐玻璃color 颜色modulus of rupture 断裂模量softening point 软化点cosine law 余弦定律network former 网络形成体specular reflection 镜面反射creep 蠕变netwrok modifier 网络修饰体/网络外体static fatigue 静态疲劳crystalline ceramic 晶态陶瓷nonoxide ceramic 非氧化物陶瓷structural clay product 粘土类结构制品diffuse reflection 漫反射nonsilicate glass 非硅酸盐玻璃surface gloss 表面光泽E-glass 电子玻璃（E玻璃）nonsilicate oxide ceramic 非硅酸盐氧化物陶瓷tempered glass 钢化玻璃electronic ceramic 电子陶瓷nuclear ceramic 核用陶瓷thermal conductivity 热传导率enamel 搪瓷nucleate 成（形）核thermal shock 热震Fourier’s law 傅立叶定律Opacity 乳浊transformation toughening 相变增韧fracture toughness 断裂韧性optical property 光学性质translucency 半透明Fresnel’s formula Fresnel公式partially stabilized zirconia ??部分稳定氧化锆transparency 透明glass 玻璃polar diagram 极坐标图viscosity 粘度glass-ceramic 玻璃陶瓷/微晶玻璃pottery 陶器（制造术）viscous deformation 粘性变形glass transition temperature 玻璃转变温度pure oxide 纯氧化物vitreous silica 无定形二氧化硅/石英玻璃glaze 釉reflectance 反射（率）whiteware 白瓷Griffith crack model Griffith裂纹模型refractive index 折射率working range 工作（温度）范围intermediate 中间体/中间的admixture 外加剂fiberglass 玻璃钢metal-matrix composite 金属基复合材料aggregate 聚集体fiber-reinforced composite 纤维增强复合材料particulate composite 颗粒复合材料aggregate composite 聚集体复合材料hardwood 硬质木材polymer-matrix composite 聚合物基复合材料anisotropic 各向异性hemicellulose 半纤维素portland cement 波特兰水泥cement 水泥interfacial strength 界面结合强度propertyaveraging 性能平均ceramic-matrix composite 陶瓷基复合材料isostrain 等应变radial cell 径向细胞concrete混凝土isotress 等应力softwood 软质木材continuous fiber 连续纤维isotropic 各向同性specific strength 比强度discrete (chopped) fiber 不连续（短切）纤维laminate 层状的strength-to-weight ratio 强度质量比率dispersion-strengthened metal 弥散强化金属lignin 木质素whisker 晶须longitudinal cell 经向（纵向）纤维wood 木材woven fabric 纺织构造E-glass 电子玻璃matrix 基质（体）philosophy 基本原理cross over 交叉，穿过，跨越restriction 限制（定）configuration 构造（形式），结构align 使成一直线（一行）elongate 拉长（的）/延伸（的）aggregate 集料，粒料，骨料chop 切utility 效用，实用，功用in regard for 考虑到cite 引用（证、述），援引，列举，举出（例），提到，谈到embed 埋置，把? 嵌入（或插入）dielectric 电介质implication 含意（义）epoxy 环氧树脂polyester 聚酯polyetheretherketone (PEEK) 聚醚酮醚polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) 聚苯亚砜entrant 新到者requisite 必需的imitate 仿deciduous 每年落叶的，非永久的commonality 共性，共同特点dramatic 生动的vertically 竖直地，直立地longitudinal 经度的，纵向的sap 树液cellulose 纤维素alignment 直线排列phenol-propane 苯酚-丙烷manifest 显示，出现，显露dimension 尺寸specify 详细说明staggering 令人惊愕的igneous 火成的inspection 检查，视察interstice 空隙，裂缝enclose 包围，封闭entrain 混（气泡）于混凝土中entrap 截留的，夹杂的thaw 融化（解），解冻identify 认识，鉴定，确定generality 一般（性），一般原则，普遍（性），通则consistent with 与? 一致emphasis 强调，重点，重要性axially 轴向weighted average 加权平均elementary 基本的reverse 相反的rigorous 严格的，严密的，精确的bound 限度take for granted 被忽略（视）communicate 传达，传递deflect 偏转unless otherwise state 除非另外说明appreciation 正确评价，鉴别substantial 多的，大的，大量的offset 弥补，抵消，偏移assembly 装配，组装，总成capacitor 电容器electron-hole pair 电子-空穴对piezoelectric coupling coefficient 压电耦合系数ceramic 陶瓷electronic conduction 电子传导piezoelectric effect 压电效应charge carrier 载流子energy band 能带polymer 聚合物charge density 电荷密度energy band gap 能隙positive charge carrier 正载流子coercive field 矫顽（电）场energy level 能级PZT 锆钛酸铅conduction band 导带extrinsic semiconductor 非本征半导体remanent polarization 剩余极化conductivity 传导率Fermi function 费米函数resistivity 电阻率conductor 导体Fermi level 费米能级resistance 电阻current 电流ferroelectric 铁电性reverse piezoelectric effect逆压电效应dielectric 介电性，介电体free electron 自由电子saturization polarization 饱和极化dielectric constant 介电常数glass 玻璃Seebeck potential 赛贝克（电）势dielectric strength 介电强度hysteresis loop （电）滞回线semiconductor 半导体domain （电）畴insulator 绝缘体spontaneous polarization 自发极化drift velocity 漂移速率intrinsic semiconductor 本征半导体superconductor 超导体electric permittivity 电容率，介电常数metal 金属temperature coefficient of resistivity 电阻率温度系数electrical conduction 电导negative charge carrier 负载流子electrical field strength 电场强度Ohm’s law 欧姆定律thermocouple 热（电）偶electrically poled 电极化的orbital 轨道transducer 变（转）换器/换能器electron 电子paraelectric 顺电性的valence band 价带electron hole 电子空穴Pauli exclusion principle 泡利不相容原理voltage 电压commonality （特点等的）共有，共同特点，共性in light of 按照，根据manifestation 显示，表明，表现，表现形式，现象give way to 让路（步），退让，让位，屈服spacing 间隔（距）abstract 抽象reciprocal 倒数的mobility 迁移率drift 漂移precisely 正好地hypothetical 假（设）定的delocalize 使离开原位extension 扩展（充）pseudocontinuous 准连续的nature 自然状态conductive to 有助（益）的on the order of (数值)相当于，大约，数量级为，跟相似的accessibility 能进入（的），可得到（的）inability 无能（力）attribute to 归结于agitation 扰动wave packet 波包（群）irregularity 不规则，无规律reminiscent 回忆往事的，提醒的，暗示的ultimately 最后（终）于trace 追溯，上溯ambient 周围的（环境）tabulate 把......制成表格，列表finite 有限的empirical 经验的ironically 冷嘲的，具有讽刺意味的，用反语的，挖苦的，令人啼笑皆非的synchronization 同时发生，同步cooperative 配合account for 解释，占多少比例speculation 思索cryogenic 低温学的appreciable 可评估的，可感知的breakdown 崩溃，击穿subsection 细分asymmetrical 不对称的dipole 偶极子polarization 极化crystallographic晶体的，晶体学的at the expense of 以…..为代价symmetrical 对称的exaggerate 夸张（大）extrapolate 推断（知），外推induce 诱导prefix 前缀intriguing 引起? 的兴趣（或好奇心）stem from 由…引起的，产生（起源、归因于），出身于constrain 强迫，抑制，约束straightforward 简单，易懂的ensuring 确保，保证pseudo-single crystal 准单晶consolidate 加固，使合成一体transmitter 变送器，发射机oscillation 振动megahertz MHzacceptor level 受主能级device 元件impurity 杂质amorphous semiconductor 无定形半导体diode 二极管intrinsic semiconductor 本征半导体amplifier 放大器donor level 施主能级microcircuit 微电路Arrhenius behavior ???Arrhenius行为dopant 掺杂剂n-type semiconductor ??n型半导体base 基极drain 漏极p-n junction? ??p-n 结carrier mobility 载流子迁移（率）electron hole 电子空穴p-type semiconductor? p型半导体chalcogenide 硫族（属）化物emitter 发射极rectifier 整流器charge 电荷energy band gap 能隙reverse bias ?反向偏置charge carrier ??载流子exhaustion range 耗尽区saturation range 饱和区charge density 电荷密度extrinsic semiconductor 非本征半导体source 源极chip （基）片Fermi function 费米函数thermal activation 热激活collector 集电极Fermi level 费米能级III-V compound III-V化合物compound semiconductor 化合物半导体field-effect transistor (FET) 场效应晶体管II-VI compound II-VI化合物conduction band 导带forward bias 正向偏置transistor 晶体管conduction electron 传导电子gate 栅极valence band 价带conductivity 传导率Hall effect 霍尔效应clustered 丛生，成群overlap 交迭activation 活化，激活occurrence 发生，出现，事件，发生的事情dominate 支配，占优势semilog 半对数的ambient 周围（环境）的phosphorus 磷plateau 平原/平台compensation 补（赔）偿intimate 亲密at right angle 成直角sideways 侧（横）向in order 整齐，状态良好，适应on the average 平均，按平均数计算，一般地说zinc blende 闪锌矿counterpart 配对物threshold 开始（端），极限photovoltaic 光电nondepletable 耗不尽的silane 硅烷xerography 静电复印术photoconductive 光敏polarization 极化herald 先驱，先兆excess 过量的，额外的，附加的overshoot 过冲distort 畸变，使失真antiparallel spin pairing 反平行（电子）对domain (bloch) wall 畴壁flux density 通量（磁力线）密度eddy current 涡流garnet 石榴子石Bohr magneton 玻尔磁子electron spin 电子自旋hard magnet 硬（永）磁铁（体）ceramic magnet 陶瓷磁铁（体）energy loss 能（量）损（失）hysteresis loop （磁）滞回线coercive field 矫顽（磁）场exchange interaction 交互作用induction 感应（诱导）coercive force矫顽（磁）力ferrimagnetism 铁氧体磁性，（亚）铁磁性inverse spinel 反尖晶石diamagnetism 抗（反）磁性ferrite 铁氧体，铁素体Joule heating 焦耳热domain structure 畴结构ferromagnetism 铁磁性magnetic dipole 磁偶极子magnetic field 磁场metallic magnet 金属磁体soft magnet 软（暂时）磁体（铁）magnetic field strength 磁场强度paramagnetism 顺磁性spinel 尖晶石magnetic flux line 磁通量（力）线permanent magnet 永（久）磁体superconducting magnet 超导磁体magnetic moment 磁矩permeability 导磁性（率）textured micostructure 织构magnetism 磁性preferred orientation 择优取向transition metal 过渡金属magnetite 磁铁矿（石）relative permeability 相对（磁）导率transition metal ion 过渡金属离子magnetization 磁化remanent induction 剩余感应YIG 钇铁石榴子石Magnetoplumbite 磁铅石，磁铁铅矿saturation induction 饱和感应nomenclature 命名routinely 常规，惯例counterpart 对手modest 小的reversible 可逆的traced out 探寻踪（轨）迹primitive 原始的，早期的，开始的，基本的，简单的visualize 目测，观察，设想relativistic 相对论的aligned 排列好的distinction （差）区别，特性tetrahedrally 四面体的octahedrally 八面体的inventory 清单，目录cancellation 抵（取）消traverse 在?? 上来回移动，沿? 来回移动flunctuate 波动，涨落，起伏，动摇不定ingot 铸模，铸块，锭fidelity 保真Samarium 钐Alnico 磁钢simultaneously 同时发生的product? (乘)积solenoid 螺线管deflection 偏转interchangeably 可交（互）换的，可代替的gem 宝石dodecahedral 十二面体的waveguide 波导hexagonal 六方晶系的strontium 锶fortuitous 偶然的，幸运的perovskite 钙钛矿availability 利用（或获得）的可能性levitation 悬浮。
无机非金属材料工程专业英语作业
日产5000吨熟料生产线生料车间的工艺设计
粉煤灰-矿渣体系胶凝材料的制备及其性能研究
粉煤灰对复合水泥性能的影响研究
5000t/d熟料生产线石灰石破碎车间工艺设计
国内外先进水泥企业清洁生产实施现状分析
清洁生产在我国水泥企业中推行现状研究
影响粉煤灰混凝土流变性因素的研究
矿渣在CBC复合材料中的应用研究
钢渣在CBC复合材料中的应用研究
粉煤灰在CBC复合材料中的应用研究
粉料粒度对胶凝材料的性能影响研究
粉料粒度对CBC复合材料的性能影响研究
年产72万件卫生瓷陶瓷厂工艺设计
利用煤矸石制备高强轻骨料的试验研究
年产60万吨矿渣微粉粉磨站的工艺设计
玄武岩对复合水泥性能的影响研究
减水剂的种类和添加量对粘土泥浆流动性能的影响研究
年产200万吨水泥粉磨站矿渣粉磨车间工艺设计
水泥窑用硅莫砖的试验研究
2500t/d新型干法水泥厂煤粉制备车间工艺设计
碳化硅加入量及粒度对红柱石浇注料性能影响的试验研究
铝硅系浇注料热态强度影响因素的研究
微粉加入量及其种类对红柱石浇注料性能的影响
碱渣制备便道砖工艺研究
5000t/d新型干法水泥厂石灰石矩形预均化堆场工艺设计
5000t/d新型干法水泥厂生料粉磨车间工艺设计
5000t/d新型干法水泥厂矿渣粉磨车间工艺设计
5000t/d新型干法水泥厂石灰石圆形预均化堆场工艺设计
5000t/d新型干法水泥厂煤粉制备车间工艺设计
5000t/d新型干法水泥厂生料制备车间工艺设计
无机非金属材料工程专业英语作业
设计（论文）题目（汉译英）下周二上课要提问哟！
无机非金属材料专业英语-宝石材料地质的介绍.
The core is under the highest pressure, and its temperature is higher than those of the mantle and crust. Because of these differences there are discontinuities and relative movement between these regions
其中的一些变化可能相对较快，比例火山，其 它的可能会需要数百年，如大陆板块的持续移 动。
Nevertheless, the formation is continuous.
不管怎样，构造是持续的。
The Composition of the Earth（地球组成）
15、There are 92 naturally occurring elements in the Earth's crust and, of those, eight account for approximately 98% of the crust.
这些材料是由风、雨和海水沉积而成， 或者是化学沉积，而后胶凝或压实形成 岩石。
These sedimentary rocks are chiefly limestone, clay, shale and sandstone.
这些沉积岩主要是石灰岩、黏土、页岩 和砂岩。
4、Granites, basalt and metamorphic rocks form the major part of the crust (the middle and lower layers).
以上这些因素以及万有引力和太阳系其它星球施加的 力被认为是形成这些自然现象如火山喷发、地震、板 块移动和地球板块挤压形成山脉和流域的原因。
材料专业英语课后习题答案
材料专业英语课后习题答案材料专业英语课后习题答案在学习材料专业英语的过程中，课后习题是非常重要的一部分，它能够帮助我们巩固所学的知识，并检验我们的理解和掌握程度。
下面是一些常见的材料专业英语课后习题及其答案，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。
一、单项选择题1. The ________ of a material refers to its ability to be drawn into a wire.A. malleabilityB. ductilityC. strengthD. hardness答案：B. ductility2. The ________ of a material refers to its ability to resist deformation under stress.A. malleabilityB. ductilityC. strengthD. hardness答案：C. strength3. The ________ of a material refers to its ability to resist scratching or indentation.A. malleabilityB. ductilityC. strengthD. hardness答案：D. hardness4. The process of changing a metal's properties by heating and cooling it is called ________.A. annealingB. temperingC. quenchingD. forging答案：A. annealing5. The process of heating a material to a high temperature and then cooling it quickly to make it hard is called ________.A. annealingB. temperingC. quenchingD. forging答案：C. quenching二、填空题1. The ________ of a material is its ability to return to its original shape after being deformed.答案：elasticity2. The ________ of a material is the maximum stress it can withstand before breaking.答案：tensile strength3. The ________ of a material is its ability to conduct electricity.答案：electrical conductivity4. The ________ of a material is its ability to conduct heat.答案：thermal conductivity5. The ________ of a material is its ability to absorb energy without breaking.答案：toughness三、阅读理解题材料科学与工程专业的学生需要学习并掌握英语，因为这门学科涉及到许多国际合作和交流。
无机非金属材料专业英语
被铝取代的氧O2-ion replaced by Al3+比热specific heat波函数wave function玻璃态的vitreous玻璃组成glass composition 不完整的配位incomplete coordination长石feldspar成对电子paired electrons 初晶相the primary phase 磁光效应magneto-optic effect缔合缺陷associated defects 电导conductivity电光效应electro-optic effect电子空穴electron holes电子排布electronconfiguration断裂韧性fracture-toughness二价阳离子divalentcation钙铝硅酸盐玻璃calcium-aluminateglass刚性体rigid body锆英石zircon共沉淀和过饱和coprecipitationandsupersaturation共价键covalent bonds固体电解质Solid electrolyte硅铝酸盐alumina-silica红外投射infraredtransmission互溶体mutual solution化学方程式chemical formulate碱金属alkali metal碱金属硅酸盐玻璃alkali silicateglass碱金属卤化物hailde of alkalimetals角连接的硅氧四面体[SiO4]tetrahedrawith shared corners介电常数、强度、损耗dielectricconstant、strength、losses紧密堆积结构closed-packedstructure近似立方紧密堆积nearly cubicclose-packedstructure净化工艺purificatinprocedures颗粒尺寸分布particle sizedistribution颗粒的重排和团聚particlerearrangement andagglomerate快离子导体Fast ion conductor冷却速率cooling rate离子键ionic bonds链状排列chain arrangement莫来石mullite母体玻璃parent glass钠钙硅玻璃soda-lime-silicaglass配位数coordinationnumber喷雾干燥和煅烧spray-drying andcalcination缺乏absence of缺陷化学defect chemistry热历史the thermal history热能thermal energy热膨胀系数thermal expansioncoefficient熔点melting point软化范围softening range三元系统the ternary system受控结晶controlledcrystallization水软化water softener四面体tetrahedron体积核化volume nucleation退火玻璃annealing glass退火和烧结温度annealing andsinteringtemperature网络结构network structure网络条整体network modifier相图phase diagram学说theory学说解释account for压敏电阻和热敏电阻varistor andthermistor亚原子粒子subatomicparticles衍生结构derivationstructure阳离子cation氧化锆陶瓷zirconia-basedceramics氧离子oxygen ions液相温度liquidustemperature一价阴离子univalent anion异质核化heter ogeneousnucleation阴离子anion阴离子空位vacant anion sites有效电荷effective charges折射率和色散index of refractionand dispersion中间体intermediate转变温度transmissiontemperatureact as作为，冲当aggregation of finepowder细粉团聚alumina-silica铝硅酸盐as compared to与…比较ball-milled powers球磨粉末be based on以…为基础be regarded as被认为是chanrgedinterstitial site带电间隙位chemical formulate化学方程式cohesive fore内聚力commence with从……开始effectivelyneutral charge有效中性点荷fireclay products黏土烧制产品framework框架结构glassy andcrystalline grainboundary phases玻璃相和晶界相hexagonalclosed-packedstructure六方紧密堆积结构host lattice主晶格hot uniaxialpressing单轴热压hybridization ofthe atomic orbitals原子杂化轨道in particular of特别尤其in spite of尽管isotronic均质的isotrophicsubstitution均匀取代layed structure层状结构Low temperaturemodifications低温变体non-metal非金属octahedral hole八面体空隙olivine minerals橄榄石矿物on the basis of 以…为基础point defects点缺陷quantum mechanics 量子力学shrinkage and densification收缩和致密化solid solution固溶体tetrahedral coordinations四面体配位tetrahedral site 四面体位置Three dimensiona models三维结构模型transmission of light beams透过光束transparency、translucency、opacity透明、半透明、不透明universal acceptance普遍认可vacancy pair空位对Van der Waals forces范德华力vice versa反之亦然。
试题-无机材料专业外语-B卷
考试方式：闭卷Array太原理工大学现代科技学院无机非金属专业外语-B 试卷1、Defect:2、Glass:3、Ceramic:4、Surface:5、Bond:6、Crystal:7、Concrete: 8、Cement: 9、Inorganic:10、Phase: 11、Colloid: 12、Solid:13、Clinker: 14、Electron: 15、chemistry:第二、短语翻译:（20分）1、0.1%:2、摄氏度:3、a n:4、1/4:5、1+1=2:6、米:7、2×2=4：8、Silica：Silicon: Silicate: (三选一)：9、Aluminum：10、分钟:第三、纠错题，即请找出每句话中的两个语法错误：（20分）1、Coat a dormant material is an method for controlling the rate of corrosion.2、Since the electric neutrality must be conserved, the crystal alway simultaneously contains atoms that donates electrons and atoms that accept charged anions.3、So that their outer shell have either lost excess electrons nor has been filled with a total of eight第 1 页共4 页electrons.4、Portland cements is made by heat a mixture of limestone and clay to about 1450 °C. Partial fusion occur, and nodules of clinker are produced.5、In some crystals, the atoms is present in a state where they electron system is similar to that of a rare gas.第四、排序题：（10分）(a) Compared to the closed packed structures discussed in the last section, this is a relatively open structure.(b) Quartz has a structure, which can be viewed as composed of connected chains of silica tetrahedral.(c) Crystalline silica exists in several different polymorphic forms---quartz、tridymite and cristobalite.(d) However, quartz has a greater density and closer packing than either of the high-temperature forms, tridymite (2.26) and cristobalite (2.32).(e) For example, the density of quartz is 2.65 g/cm3, compared with 3.59 for MgO and 3.96 for Al2O3.请你就认为正确的顺序排序：、、、、。
Unit2SilicateStructures无机非金属专业英语
Unit2 Silicate StructuresAtomic arrangement in hundreds of silicates having complex chemical compositions have in their basic structures a beautiful simplicity and order. At the same time the details of many of the silicate structures are complex and difficult to illustrate without three-dimensional models, and we will not attempt to give precise structure information.The radius ratio for Si-O is 0.29, corresponding to tetrahedral coordination, and four oxygen ions are almost invariably arrayed around a central silicon. With a bond strength of 1, oxygen ions may be coordinated with only two silicon atoms in silica; this low coordination number makes close-packed structures impossible for SiO2, and in general silicates have more open structures than those discussed previously. The SiO4tetrahedra can be linked in compounds such as corners are shared in several ways. There are four general types. In orthosilicates, [SiO4]4-, tetrahedra are independent of one another; in pyrosilicates ,[Si2O7]6- ions are composed of two tetrahedra with one corner shared; in metasilicates, SiO3(SiO3)n, two corners are shared to form a variety of ring or chain structures; in layer structures,(Si2O5)n, layers are made up of tetrahedra with three shares corners; in the various forms of silica, SiO2, four corners are shared.silica. Crystalline silica, SiO2, exists in several different polymorphic forms corresponding to different ways of combining tetrahedral groups with all corners shared. Three basic structures—quartz、tridymite、cristobalite—each exists in two or three modifications . The most stable forms are low quartz , below 573C ;high quartz ,573 to 867C;high tridymite,867 to 1470C;high cristobalite ,1470 to 1710C;and liquid ,above 1710C;and liquid , above 1710C .The low temperature modifications are distorted derivative structures of the basic high—temperature forms .(A derivative structure in the sense is one that can be derived from a basic structure of greater symmetry by distorting the structure in space rather than substituting different chemical species) We confine our attention to the basic high—temperature forms .High quartz has a structure which can be viewed as composed of connected chains of silica tetrahedra. Compared to the close packed structures discussed in the last section ,this is a relatively open structure; for example ,the density of quartz is 2.65g/cm3,compared with 3.59 for MgO and 3.96 for Al2O3 .However ,quartz has a greater density and closer packing than either of the high—temperature forms, tridymites(p=2.26)and cristobalite(p=2.32)Orthosilicates. This group includes the olivine minerals (forsterite,Mg2SiO4, and solid solutions with Fe2SiO4), the garnets, zircon, and the aluminosilicates-kyanite, silimanite, andalusite, and mullite. The structure of forsterite, Mg2SiO4, is similar to that found for chrysoberyl, Al2BeO4.The oxygen ions are nearly in a hexagonal close-packed structure with Mg2+ in octahedral and Si4+ in tetrahedral sites. (From a coordination point of view this assembly can also be considered an array of SiO4 tetrahedra with Mg2+ ions in the octahedral holes) .Each oxygen ion is coordinated with one Si4+ and three Mg2+ or with two Si4+.The structure of kyanite, Al2SiO5, consists of nearly cubic close-packed oxygen ions with Si4+ in tetrahedrl and Al3+ in octahedral sites. However, in the polmorphic forms andalusite and sillimanite have much more open structures, with SiO4tetrahedra coordinated with AlO6octahedral. Mullite, Al6Si2O13 , a common constituent of fired clay, has a structure similar to that of sillimanite (compare Al16Si8O40 and Al18Si6O39) .Pyrosilicate. Crystalline silicates containing Si2O76- ions are rare.Metasilicates. Silicates containing (SiO3)n2n-ions are of two types-cyclic or chain arrangements of the silica tetrahedra. Some of the discrete cyclic ions observed are the Si3O96- (such as in wollastonite, CaSiO3) and Si6O1812- (in bery1,BeAl2Si6O18) ions. Minerals with chain structures comprise a large group. Those with compositions corresponding to singlechain,(SiO3)n2n-, are the pyroxenes , and those with double chains,(Si4O11)n6n-,the amphiboles. The pyroxenes include enstatite, MgSiO3 ; dropsied ,MgCa(SiO3)2; spodumene,LiAl(SiO3)2; and jadeite .The amphiboles include tremolite ,(OH)2CaMg5(Si4O11)2, in which isomorhic substitution is widespread. The asbestos minerals are amphiboles. Framework Structures. Many important silicate structures are based on an infinite three dimensional silica framework. Among these are the feldspars and the zeolites. The feldspars are characterized by a framework formed with Al3+ replacing some of the Si4+ to make a framework with a net negative charge that is balanced by large ions in interstitial positions, that is,albite,NaAlSi3O8;anorthite,CaAl2Si2O8;orthoclase,KalSi3O8;celsian,BaAl2S i2O8; and the like .The network structures are similar in nature to the cristobalite structure ,with the alkali or alkaline earth ions fitting into interstices. Only the large positive ions are from feldspars; smaller ones that enjoy octahedral coordination are from chains or layer silicates.Much more open alumina-silica frameworks occur in the zeolites and ultramarines. In these compounds the framework is sufficiently open for there to be relatively large channels in the structure .The alkali and alkaline earth ions present can be exchanged in aqueous solutions, leading to there use as water softeners. In addition ,these channels can be used as molecularsieves for filtering mixtures on the basis of molecular size. The size of the channels in the network depends on the composition.硅酸盐结构单元原子排列在数以百计的硅酸盐有复杂的化学成分的基本结构一个美丽的简单性和秩序。
无机非金属材料专业英语-宝石的力学性能.
3、In certain minerals, this difference in strength is sufficient to allow the crystal to split, parallel to the densely packed planes, when appropriate force is applied.
Unit 27 Mechanical Properties of Gemstones
宝石的力学性能
1、Gemstones may show mechanical characteristics as a result of the application of force, for example gemstones may be damaged, broken and, in some cases, be divided into two or more pieces, etc.
由于施加的力所致，宝石可能会表现出 力学特征，如在一些情况下宝石可能被 损害、破碎、被分成两片或者多片等。
Mechanical properties involved in gemology are cleavage, parting and fracture, hardness, density.
由于断裂是微弱原子结合的方向性特征，晶体 中任何平行于原子层的方向都是潜在的断裂面， 虽然大多数矿物质在这些不同位面的分裂会受 到限制。
It is for this reason that cleavage is a highly diagnostic feature, possessed to a marked degree by only a few gemstones.
无机非金属专业英语
无机非金属专业英语1、Solid ceramic bodies are generally produced by using the process of powder compaction followed by firing at high temperature. 固体陶胚体通常都是利用粉末压实而后在高温烧结的工艺来生产。
A.Precipitation from solutionB.Uniaxial pressingC.Hot uniaxial pressingD.Solid-state sintering(a) Precipitation from solution 溶液的沉淀析出2、Alumina occurs as the mineral bauxite and is refined in the Bayer process whereby ore is initially dissolved under pressure in sodium hydroxide so that solid impurities (SiO2, TiO2, Fe203) separate from sodium aluminate solution.氧化铝是以矿物质铝矾土的形式出现的，并且在精炼矾土工艺中得以精制。
这个工艺借以矿石最初是在压力下溶解在氢氧化钠中的因此固体杂质如二氧化硅、二氧化钛、氧化铁等就可以从铝酸钠溶液中分离出来。
This solution is either seeded with gibbsite crystals (a-Al2O33H2O) or undergoes autoprecipitation to bayerite (β-Al2O33H2O) after its neutralisation with CO2 gas. Temperature,alumina supersaturation and amount of seed affect particle size during crystallisation. 这种溶液要么是结晶出水铝矿晶体，要么是和二氧化碳气体中和后沉淀出三水铝石。
无机非金属专业英语共21页文档
36、如果我们国家的法律中只有某种 神灵， 而不是 殚精竭 虑将神 灵揉进 宪法， 总体上 来说， 法律就 会更好 。—— 马克·吐 温 37、纲纪废弃之日，便是暴政兴起之 时。— —威·皮 物特
38、若是没有公众舆论的支持，法律 是丝毫 没有力 量的。 ——菲 力普斯 39、一个判例造出另一个判例，它们 迅速累 聚，进 而变成 法律。 ——朱 尼厄斯
44、卓越的人一大优点是：在不利与艰 难的遭遇里百折不饶。——贝多芬
45、自己的饭量自己知道。——苏联
40、人类法律，事物有规律，ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ是不 容忽视 的。— —爱献 生
41、学问是异常珍贵的东西，从任何源泉吸 收都不可耻。——阿卜·日·法拉兹
42、只有在人群中间，才能认识自 己。——德国
43、重复别人所说的话，只需要教育； 而要挑战别人所说的话，则需要头脑。—— 玛丽·佩蒂博恩·普尔
无机非金属材料工程专业英语 第8章
Why study failure?
Air plane or car crash, bridge breaking, machine breaking down are all, to some sense, related to the failure of engineering materials. The best way to prevent such in-service failures is to study the mechanics of the various failure modes and design the structures or components appropriately.
Key knowledge points:
INTRODUCTION The failure of engineering materials is almost always an undesirable event for several reasons; these human lives that are put in jeopardy (Risk of loss or injury; peril or danger), economic losses, and the interference with the availability of products and services. Even though the causes of failure and the behavior of materials may be known, prevention of failure is difficult to guarantee.
பைடு நூலகம்
无机非金属材料工程专业英语第8章分析解析
cup-and-cone 杯突形 Charpy test 夏氏试验 Crack initiation site 裂纹源 Residual compressive stress 残余压缩应力 Constant load 恒载荷 Primary creep/ transient creep 第一级蠕变 Secondary creep/Steady-state creep第二级蠕变 Tertiary creep 第三级蠕变
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Crack initiation 裂纹萌 Crack propagation/growth 裂纹扩展 Coalescence n. 合并 small cavities- microvoids
Why study failure?
Air plane or car crash, bridge breaking, machine breaking down are all, to some sense, related to the failure of engineering materials. The best way to prevent such in-service failures is to study the mechanics of the various failure modes and design the structures or components appropriately.
Understand the mechanics of various fracture modes.
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
无机非金属材料工程专业英语 第5章
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
Materials of all types are often heat treated to improve their properties. The phenomena that occur during a heat treatment almost always involve atomic diffusion. Often an enhancement of diffusion rate is desired; on occasion measures are taken to reduce it. Heat-treating temperatures and times, and/or cooling rates are often predictable using the mathematics of diffusion and appropriate diffusion constants. The steel gear shown on this page has been case hardened (Section 9.14); that is, its hardness and resistance to failure by fatigue have been enhanced by diffusing excess carbon or nitrogen into the outer surface layer.
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材料科学与工程专业英语（要懂得变通，背了的词组里有些词可以换了以后变成另一个词，背词组建议把词组拆开背会各词的意思。
）一、二单词、词组翻译（英译汉'15'2=30⨯）1515'1=⨯汉译英'单词：1 H 氢Hydrogen11 Na 钠Sodium2 He 氦Helium 12 Mg 镁Magnesium3 Li 锂Lithium 13 Al 铝Aluminum4 Be 铍Beryllium 14 Si 硅Silicon5 B 硼Boron 15 P 磷Phosphorus6 C 碳Carbon16 S 硫Sulfur7 N 氮Nitrogen17 Cl 氯Chlorine8 O 氧Oxygen18 Ar 氩Argon9 F 氟Fluorine 19 K 钾Potassium10 Ne 氖Neon 20 Ca 钙Calciumbarium nitrate硝酸钡magnesium carbonate 碳酸镁manganese sulfate硫酸锰（此处结构注意后面酸的写法，前面元素可换）PS：常用单词Mechanical 力学的magnetic 磁学的electrical 电学的thermal 热学的Optical 光学的deteriorative 化学的carbonate碳酸calcium carbonate 碳酸钙oxide 氧化物nitride 氮化物Carbide 碳化物Processing 加工stiffness 刚度toughness 韧性structure 结构property 性质performance 性能strength 强度density 密度ceramic 陶瓷plastic 塑料semiconductor 半导体polymer 聚合物metal 金属alloy 合金composite 复合材料Atomic 原子的electronic 电子的phase 相PS:加粗的必掌握。
英译汉:Elastic modulus 弹性模量Stiffness and toughness 刚度和韧性，机械性能Naked eye肉眼Optical property 光学性质Thermal conductivity 热导率Mechanical strength 机械强度Transition elements 过渡元素magnetic permeability 磁导率Alkali metals 碱金属integrated circuit 集成电路Positively charged protons 正电荷质子specific gravity 比重The melting point 熔点conduction bands 导带The ion lattice 离子晶格polycrystalline ceramics 多晶陶瓷Composite materials 复合材料汉译英:Materials science and engineering 材料科学与工程1.257×10-6 1.257 times ten to negative six powerHigh-performance materials 高性能材料Microstructure 微观结构Macrostructure 宏观结构Chemical reaction 化学反应Atomic weight 原子量The boiling point 沸点Balanced electrical charge 电荷平衡Thermal conductivity 热导率Alkali-earth metals 碱土金属Electrical conductivity 导电性（电导率）Hotpressed ceramics 热压陶瓷Phase transformation 相变Dielectric constant 介电常数Heat capacity 热容Materials processing 材料加工Elastic modulus 弹性模量Magnetic radiation 电磁辐射Mechanical property 力学性质Glass transition temperature 玻璃转变温度词组：（加粗的是她提了的，英译汉还是汉译英都不确定）Solid material 固体材Nuclear charge 核电荷Electron microscope 电子显微镜lattice defect/imperfection 晶格缺陷High electrical resistivity 高电阻率Low lattice constant 低晶格常数一种常见的聚合物[ polyester 聚酯polyethylene (PE) 聚乙烯Poly vinyl chloride （PVC）聚氯乙烯Polycarbonate (PC) 聚碳酸酯Polystyrene (PS) 聚苯乙烯Epoxy 环氧树脂]三、四句子（英译汉'520'4=⨯）'3=⨯汉译英'155英译汉:1. “Materials Science ” involves investigating the relationships that exist between the structures and properties of materials.In contrast, “Materials engieering ” involves, on the basis of these structure-property correlations,designing or engineering the structure of a material to produce a predetermined set of properties.材料科学指的是研究存于材料的结构和性能的相互关系。
相反，材料工程指的是，在基于材料结构和性能的相互关系的基础上，开发和设计预先设定好具备若干性能的材料。
2.Virtually all important properties of solid materials may be grouped into six different categories：mechanical ,electrical, thermal ,magnetic , optical, and deteriorative.实际上，固体材料的所有重要性质可以概括分为六类：机械、电学、热学、磁学、光学和腐蚀降解性。
3.P38（2）5使磁力线相互分开，导致磁通量比真空小，这种材料被称为反磁性材料。
使磁通集中、相对磁导率大于1小于或等于10的材料被称为顺磁性材料；使磁通集中、相对磁导率大于10的材料被称为铁磁性材料。
汉译英:1.材料工程学主要解决材料的制造问题和材料的应用问题。
Material engineering mainly solve the problems of materials processing and materials application.磁性材料在第四单元（其他的多看看，尤其第一、二、三、四、九、十单元）五、段落（英译汉'⨯）2010='21.什么是材料科学，什么是材料工程，二者的关系Sometimes it is useful to subdivide the discipline of materials science andengineering into materials science and materials engineering subdisciplines. Strictly speaking, ”materials science” involves investigating the relationships that exist between the structures and propert ies of materials. In contrast, ”materials engineering” involves, on the basis of these structure-property correlations, designing or engineering the structure of a material to produce a predetermined set of properties. From a functional perspective, the role of a materials scientist is to develop or synthesize new materials,whereas a materials engineer is called upon to create new products or systems using existing materials and/or to develop techniques for processing materials. Most graduates in materials programs are trained to be both materials scientists and materials engineers. (P1 Materials Science and Engineering) 有时候把材料科学与工程再细分为材料科学与材料工程的分支是十分有用的。
严格来讲，“材料科学”包含研究材料结构与性质间存在的关系。
相比之下，“材料工程”是根据材料的结构和性质间的关系来设计或改变材料的结构以制造出一系列可预先决定的性质。
从功能的角度来讲，材料科学家的任务是开发或合成新材料，然而材料工程师被要求用现有的材料去创造新产物和/或去开发材料加工方法。
大多数毕业生在材料专业的教学计划下被培养成材料科学家同时也是材料工程师。
2.多晶陶瓷的构成，相变，微观结构和加工过程之间的关系Polycrystalline ceramics have a structure consisting of many grains. The size, shape, and orientation of the grains play a key role in many of the macroscopic properties of these materials, for example, mechanical strength. In most ceramics, more than one phase is present, with each phase having its own structure, composition, and properties. Control of the type, size, distribution, and amount of these phases within the material provides a means to control properties. The microstructure of a ceramic is often a result of the way it was processed. For example, hotpressed ceramics often have very few pores. This may not be the case in sintered materials.（P99 第一段）多晶陶瓷的结构中包含很多晶粒。