阅读理解专题(一)主旨大义题

阅读理解专题(一)主旨题和推断题一、主旨题● 1. 要搞清的是问某一段还是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。

● 2. 如有标题，标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。

● 3. 任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。

抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。

1). 主题型主旨大意题的题干表现形式:●The main idea of the passage is…●The passage is mainly about…●Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?●What is the passage mainly about?2). 目的类主旨大意题●The passage is meant to ….●The purpose of this article is to …3). 标题类主旨大意题●The best title for the passage might be…应试技巧如何寻找主题句—let’s find it togetherPassage 1People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast--foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.passage 2Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. But no one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.passage 3Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.In 1939 two brothers,Mac and DickPassage 4McDonald,started a drive-in restaurant in San Bernadino,California.They carefully chose a busy corner for their location.They had run their own businesses for years,first a theater,then a barbecue （烤肉）restaurant,then another drive-in.But in their new operation,they offered a new,shortened menu:French fries,hamburgers,and sodas.To this small selection they added one new idea:quick service,no waiters or waitresses,and no tips.Now it’s your turn—have a tryIf you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly attract your attention: "Color TV, only $79. Two-day sale. Hurry." However, when you go to the store ready to buy, you may discover that the advertised sets are sold out. But the salesman is quick to reassure you that he has another model, a more reliable set which is "just right for you." It costs $359. This sales tactic is called "bait and switch." Buyers are baited with a sales offer, and then they are switched to another more costly item. Buying items on sale requires careful consideration of the merchandise（商品）and the reasons for the sale.1. Which sentence best expresses the main idea?A) The customer must be on his guard when purchasing items on sale.B) Color television sets which sell for $79 are sold out quickly.C) Many stores use the "bait and switch" technique to attract customers.D) Anyone planning to buy a television set should look for a sale.2. The paragraph could be entitled ____.A) Buyer Be aware B) Closeout Sale C) Crime Pays D) Buying a TV Set二、推断题1.解推断题应注意：(1)不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点；(2)推理的根据来自于上下文。

2.推断题的常见形式：(1) It can be inferred from the text that ______.(2) From the text we know that ______.(3) The story implies that ______.(4) The paragraph following the passage will most probably be ______.(5) The writer’s attitude toward…is ______.应试技巧根据词义关系推断具体细节---let’s analize it togetherpassage 1One day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches (蟑螂) and two spiders.”“What do you need these things for?” the shop assistant was very surprised.“Wel l，”replied the man，“I’m moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”Q：The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the house, it was ______.A. very cleanB. just cleaned by the landlordC. tidy and comfortableD. dirty and full of insectspassage 2Some people are never right. They never have good luck. They usually do the wrong thing and say the wrong thing. And even if what they say or do is OK，they as a rule say it or do it at the wrong time. So these people always have problems. They often break dishes. They sometimes miss buses and airplanes.Mr. Neff is different. He is always right. He is never wrong. He usually has good luck. He seldom has problems. He never breaks dishes. He never misses buses or airplanes. Even if he does miss them，it is always the fault of the buses or air planes. Mr. Neff knows almost everything. He doesn’t ask questions；he answers questions. He never says，“I don’t know.”Q：Which of the following best describes the writer’s attitude to Mr. Neff?A. He finds Mr. Neff hard to understand.B. He thinks Mr. Neff wonderful.C. He feels pity for Mr. Neff.D. He does not like Mr. Neff.Now it’s your turn---have a tryEX 1Daylight saving time (DST) has been introduced this summerThis year DST began on May 4. But next year, “Summer Time” will begin on the first Sunday in April.Clocks and other timepieces were set ahead one hour at 2:00 AM on Sunday, May 4 so that 2:00 AM became 3:00 AM. They should turn back one hour at 2:00 AM on Sunday, September 14.The new time is expected to save one and a half billion kilowatt hours（千瓦小时）of electricity per year across the country. The new system could also help people form the good habit of getting up and going to bed early, thus raising their work and study efficiency (效率).During the DST period, the actual departure (发车) time of trains remains unchanged, but their schedules have been set one hour late.Q: According to the passage, we know that ________ people should turn their clocks back one hour that year.A. in 132 daysB. in 133 daysC. in 134 daysD. in 4 monthsEX 2When I was small and my grandmother died, I couldn’t understand why I had no tears. But that night when my dad tried to cheer me up, my laugh turned into crying. So it came as no surprise to learn that researchers believe crying and laughing come from the same part of the brain. Just as laughing has many health ad vantages, scientists are discovering that so, too, does crying.…Just as crying can be healthy, not crying—holding back tears of anger, pain or suffering ---can be bad for physical health. Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problem and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, don’t fight it. It’s natural--- and healthy--- emotional response.Q: It can be inferred from the text that____.A there are two ways to keep healthyB crying does more good to health than laughingC crying and laughing play the same rolesD emotional health has a close relationship to physical healthFurther exercisesBabbage continued his work in London for four years. Then his health broke down, and he had to take a long holiday abroad. When he returned to London in 1828, he was at the end of his resources. Many bills remained unpaid. His chief assistant and co-workers quarreled with him andleft with many expensive tools. For one year no work was done. During this period, Babbage, whose mind was always active, suddenly thought of a completely new idea for the machine. He rushed to meet the government officials to explain his new idea. But this time, they were unwilling to help him. For eight years, they refused to say whether they wanted the machine or not, and their final answer was “No”. From 1828 to 1839, Babbage held the position of professor at Cambridge very successfully. But his greatest work was the unfinished calculating machine which stood covered in dust in his house. It was the beginning of the modern computer.Q1: Babbage explained his new idea to the government officials, expecting that___A they would agree to his planB they would pay for his new ideaC they would support him with moneyD they would exhibit his new designQ2: From the passage, we can infer that____.A Babbage failed to be a famous scientist at CambridgeB Babbage always had new ideas but gave them up easilyC Babbage always needed support from the government officialsD Babbage was the first designer of the modern computerHandshaking, though a European practice is often seen in big cities of China. Nobody knows exactly when the practice started in Europe. It is said that long long ago in Europe when people met, they showed their unarmed (无武器的) hands to each other as a sign of goodwill. As time went on a nd trade in cities grew rapidly, people in cities began to clap each other’s hands to make a deal or to reach an agreement. This practice was later changed into shaking hands among friends on meeting or leaving each other. “Let’s shake (hands) on it” somet imes means agreement reached.Do the Europeans shake hands wherever they go and with whomever they meet? No. Sometimes the Chinese abroad reach out their hands too often to be polite. It is really very impolite to give your hand when the other party, especially when it is a woman, shows little interest in shaking hands with you and when the meeting does not mean anything to him or-her. Even if, for politeness, he holds out his unwilling hand in answer to your uninvited hand, just touch it slightly- There is generally a misunderstanding (误解) among the Chinese that westerners are usually open and straightforward, while the Chinese are rather reserved (保守的) in manner. But in fact some people in western countries more reserved than some Chinese today. So it is a good idea to shake hands with a westerner only when he shows interest in further relations with you.Q3The first paragraph mainly tells us ______.A. where handshaking was first practicedB. how handshaking came aboutC. about the relationship between handshaking and tradeD. about the practice of handshaking both in Europe and in ChinaQ4The main purpose of the text is ______.A. to tell us some differences between the East and the WestB. to offer us some important facts about handshakingC. to introduce us to some different customs in the WestD. to give us some advice before we travel abroad。