【青岛大学2012年考研专业课真题】宏微观经济学2012
青岛大学894宏微观经济学2012-2017年考研真题及答案
目录
2017年青岛大学经济学院894宏微观经济学考研真题
2017年青岛大学经济学院894宏微观经济学考研真题及参考答案2016年青岛大学经济学院894宏微观经济学考研真题
2016年青岛大学经济学院894宏微观经济学考研真题及参考答案2015年青岛大学经济学院894宏微观经济学考研真题
2015年青岛大学经济学院894宏微观经济学考研真题及参考答案2014年青岛大学经济学院894宏微观经济学考研真题
2014年青岛大学经济学院894宏微观经济学考研真题及参考答案2013年青岛大学经济学院894宏微观经济学考研真题
2013年青岛大学经济学院894宏微观经济学考研真题及参考答案2012年青岛大学经济学院894宏微观经济学考研真题
2012年青岛大学经济学院894宏微观经济学考研真题及参考答案。
青岛大学宏微观经济学2012-2017年考研初试真题
青岛大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试试题
科目代码：894科目名称：宏微观经济学（共2页）
请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效
一、名词解释（每题3分，共24分）
1、比较静态分析
2、规模报酬
3、生产者剩余
4、一级价格歧视
5、凯恩斯陷阱
6、货币投机动机
7、收入指数化
8、再贴现
二、简答题（每题7分，共56分）
1、请列举影响供给价格弹性大小的因素。
2、在生产中，当MRTS LK>(w/r)时，应该增加劳动力的使用还是增加资本的使用？（注意：MRTS取绝对值）
3、生产者理论中长期与短期的区别是什么？
4、垄断企业是否会有亏损？陈述理由。
5、考虑到对外贸易部门后，为何宏观经济中的部分乘数会变小？
6、什么是LM曲线的三区域，其经济含义是什么？
7、以公开市场业务的扩张性政策为例，说明IS曲线和LM曲线的斜率如何影响货币政策效果。
8、理性预期和适应性预期有什么区别？
1。
青岛大学现代经济学2009--2015年考研专业课初试真题
青岛大学2015年硕士研究生入学考试试题
科目代码： 857 科目名称：现代经济学（共2页）请考生写名题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效
I 微观经济学部分（合计60分）
一．简答题（40分）
1．影响一种商品的供给曲线发生移动的主要因素有哪些？（本题6分）2．画图说明商品价格下降如何增加消费者剩余？（本题10分）
3．试述垄断市场不存在具有规律性的厂商的短期供给曲线的原因。
（本题6分）
4．什么是商品的替代效应和收入效应？简述低档物品的替代效应和收入效应的变化特点。
（本题10分）
5．从公共选择理论的角度，谈谈解决政府官员制度低效率的主要途径及其具体做法。
（本题8分）
二．论述题（20分）
试论述需求的价格弹性的大小与厂商的销售收入之间的关系，并简单举例说明。
Ⅱ宏观经济学部分（合计90分）
一．简答题（合计48分）
1. 请简要分析CPI与GDP平减指数的区别。
（本题9分）
2. 请简要分析货币政策的3种规则。
（本题12分）
3．请简要分析（1）企业为什么愿意支付效率工资？（2）效率工资对劳动力市场有何影响？（本题13分）
4.（1）什么是理性预期？（2）请根据理性预期理论探讨减少通货膨胀的惯性甚至无痛苦反通货膨胀的可能性。
（本题14分）
1。
【青岛大学2012年考研专业课真题】会计学2012
20分）1．下列各项与存货相关的费用中，应计入存货成本的有（）。
A. 材料采购过程中发生的保险费B. 材料入库前发生的挑选整理费C. 材料入库后发生的储存费用D. 材料采购过程中发生的装卸费用2. 下列项目中，不应计入交易性金融资产取得成本的是（）。
A. 支付的购买价格B. 支付的相关税金C. 支付的手续费D. 支付价款中包含的应收利息3．在有不确定因素情况下做出判断时，下列事项符合谨慎性的做法是（）。
A．合理估计可能发生的损失和费用 B．充分估计可能取得的收益和利润C．不要高估资产和预计收益 D．设置秘密准备4. 下列固定资产中，可以不计提折旧的有（）。
A．未提足折旧提前报废的设备 B．闲置的设备C．已提足折旧继续使用的设备 D．经营租赁租入的设备5. 关于或有事项，下列说法中不正确的有（）。
A. 或有资产和或有负债满足一定条件时，企业可以确认或有资产和或有负债B. 或有事项是过去的交易或事项形成的一种状况，其结果须通过未来不确定事项的发生或不发生予以证实C. 随着时间的推移，或有负债有可能转化为负债D．与或有事项有关的义务的履行很可能导致经济利益流出企业，就应将其确认为一项负债6. 下列各项应通过“固定资产清理”科目核算的有（）。
A．固定资产报废 B．固定资产毁损C．固定资产盘亏 D．以固定资产对外投资7. 下列交易和事项中，不影响当期经营活动产生的现金流量的有（）。
A．用产成品偿还短期借款 B．支付管理人员工资C．收到被投资单位发放的现金股利 D．支付各项税费8．下列事项中，属于会计估计变更的有（）。
A. 固定资产折旧方法由直线法改为年数总和法B. 由于债务人财务状况改善，应收账款计提坏账比例由20%下降为12%C. 所得税核算方法由应付税款法改为资产负债表债务法D. 由于环境发生变化，将固定资产使用年限由8年改为5年9．企业采用权益法核算长期股权投资时，下列各项中，会引起长期股权投资账面价值发生变动的有( )。
【青岛大学2012年考研专业课真题】西方经济学(1)2012
14、 工资增加的收入效应导致劳动供给 （ ） ， 替代效应导致劳动供给 （ 15、根据博弈论的分析， “囚徒困境”中的两个囚徒的优势战略是（ B．双方都不交代 D．双方沟通
2
Байду номын сангаас
三、计算题（共 42 分） 1、 某消费者的效用函数为 U XY ，Px 1 元，Py 2 元， 收入 M 40 元， 现在 Py 突然下降到 1 元，求：Y 价格下降对 X 和 Y 需求的影响？ （8 分） 2、完全竞争的成本固定不变行业包含许多厂商，每个厂商的长期总成本 函数为： LTC 0.1q 3 1.2q 2 11.1q ， q 是每个厂商的年产量。又知市场 需求函数 Q 6000 200P ， Q 是该行业的年销售量。求：（12 分） （1）厂商长期平均成本为最小的产量和销售价格？ （2）该行业的长期均衡产量以及长期均衡状态下厂商的数目？ 3、 一厂商的短期生产函数是 Q L3 24 L2 240L ， 求该厂商在生产的第 Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ阶段上 L 的值？（8 分） 4、某垄断厂商所生产的产品在两个分割的市场出售，产品的成本函数和 两个市场的需求函数分别为 ： （14 分）
TC Q 2 10Q
销售量和利润？
Q1 32 0.4 P 1
Q2 18 0.1P2
（1）假设两个市场能实行差别价格，求解利润极大化时两个市场的价格、 （2）假设两个市场只能索取相同的价格，求解利润极大化时的价格、销 售量和利润？ 四、简答题（每小题 6 分，共 30 分） 1. 经济利润和会计利润有什么区别？ 2. 需求的价格弹性对厂商的总收益有何影响？ 3. 画图并解释完全竞争厂商的短期供给曲线？ 4. 画图分析吉芬商品的价格下降时的替代效应和收入效应？ 5. 简述导致市场失灵的原因？ 五、论述题（共 28 分） 1、印象派大师凡·高生前作品无人问津，死后却卖出了天价，这就是所 谓的“人死画值钱” ，请分析背后的经济学原因。 （12 分） 2、画图并评述完全竞争和垄断竞争市场的长期均衡？（16 分）
青岛大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题
青岛大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码： 847 科目名称：细胞生物学（共3页）请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效一、填空题（每空1分，共50分）1．1838-1839年德国科学家Shleiden和Schwann提出了著名的细胞学说，主要包括三大要点：即_______________________ _________；___________________________；__________________________________。
2．一个细胞生存与增殖所必备的结构装置是______ ___、、_____ _____和。
3．真核细胞的表达与原核细胞相比复杂的多，其调控可在______ ______、______ ___、_______ _________和____ __________等多个层次上进行。
4．细胞膜(质膜)主要由_____ ______和________ _______组成。
前者构成膜的基本骨架，主要包括___ ____ ___、______ ________和_____ _________。
后者是膜功能的主要体现者，可分为三种类型_______ ____、_____________和_______ _____。
5．细胞外基质的基本成分主要___________ ___、_______ _____、____ _________和_______ __ _____。
6． Golgi Complex 是细胞内膜系统的重要组成成分，由______________、_________ _和________ __三部分组成。
其最基本的化学组分是____ ______，特征性的标志酶是________________。
其主要功能是_________ _____和____________________。
7．细胞骨架由__ ___ ____、_____ ______和________ ____组成，其中与胞质分裂有关的细胞骨架成分是_____ ____；维持细胞形态的细胞骨架成分是_____ ____和_____ _______；与细胞分化有关的细胞骨架成分是________ ______。
【青岛大学2012年考研专业课真题】英语(外)2012
青岛大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：243 科目名称：英语（外）(共11页）请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效Part I (15%)Directions: For this part, you are allowed to write a composition on the topic of Attend Your Classes Regularly.You should write at least 150 words and you should base your composition on the outline given below:1. 现在大学校园里，迟到、早退、旷课是常见的现象2. 造成这种现象的各种原因3. 如何解决这一问题Part II Vocabulary and Grammar (15%)Directions: There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.1. We ______ John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.A. will putB. will have putC. would putD. would have put2. She has alread y tried her best. Please don’t be to o _____ about her job.A. specialB. responsibleC. unuaualD. particular3. Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek food safety problems.A. inB. toC. onD. after4. His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out ____ it is he is trying toexpress.A. thatB. howC. whoD. what5. ―Mike, can you yourself away from the TV for a minute? Go andsend the letter for me.‖ said Mrs. Green.A. pushB. dragC. drawD. pull6. If you _____ faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant toreduce the price.A. come acrossB. care aboutC. look for.D. focus upon7. My family were moving to the countryside and I had to make some___and learn to lead a different life there．A．allowance B．accommodationC．adjustment D．assessment8. Since the new director took office, we have worked __ _hours, －thatis to say, we work more freely.A．flexible B．compulsory C. strict D．endless 9. — Can you give me some advice about the design?— I think it should _______ to all ages and social groups.A. appearB. appealC. suitD. fit10. At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam. Then I changed my mind, ______ that he could do nothing to help.A. to realizeB. realizedC. realizingD. being realized11., I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.A. Hopefully B .Normally C. Thankfully D. Conveniently12. Make sure the gas is turned off after a bath, which would causedanger.A．somehow B．meanwhile C．otherwise D．furthermore13. It was __________ back home after he finished the report.A. not until midnight did he goB. until midnight that he didn’t goC. not until midnight that he wentD. until midnight when he didn’t went14.She said she was in great need of such a table and asked me how much_____ table would cost.A. such a beautiful wooden roundB. one such beautiful round woodenC. one such round beautiful woodenD. such a round beautiful wooden15. I don't mind ______ the decision as long as it is not too late.A. you to delay makingB. your delaying makingC. your delaying to makeD. you delay to makePart III Cloze (15%)Directions: There are 15 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C), D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting andretaining (留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, 1 , words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often 2 the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business— 3 that the customer remains a customer.4 to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every years. In constantly changing5 , this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost.Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the 6 implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big 7 in its performance. Research in the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting(流失的) customers led to 8 increases of between 25 and 85 per cent.In the US, Domino’s Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and 9 never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in 10 profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience).The logic behind cultivating customer 11 is imp ossible to deny. ―In practice most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to 12 them‖, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University’ School of Management. ―Research suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits. 13 customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price 14 , and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it 15 for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.1.A. in particular B. in reality C. at least D. first of all2.A. emphasize B. doubt C. overlook D. believe3.A. denying B. ensuring C. arguing D. proving4.A. Moving B. Hoping C. Starting D. Failing5.A. markets B. tastes C. prices D. expenses6.A. culture B. social C. financial D. economical7.A. promise B. plan C. mistake D. difference8.A. cost B. opportunity C. profit D. budget9.A. as a result B. on the whole C. in conclusion D. on the contrary10.A. huge B. potential C. extra D. reasonable11.A. beliefs B. loyalty C. habits D. interest12.A. altering B. understanding C. keeping D. attracting13.A. Assumed B. Respected C. Established D. Unexpected14.A. agreeable B. flexible C. friendly D. sensitive15.A. unfair B. difficult C. essential D. convenientPart IV Reading Comprehension (20%)Directions:There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passageThe garden city was largely the invention of Ebenezer Howard (1850-1928). After immigrating from England to the USA, and an unsuccessful attempt to make a living as a farmer, he moved to Chicago, where he saw the reconstruction of the city after the disastrous fire of 1871. In those days, it was nicknamed ―the Garden City‖, almost certainly the source of Howard’s name for his later building plan of towns. Returning to London, Howard developed his design in the 1880s and 1890s, drawing on ideas that were popular at the time, but creating a unique combination of designs.The nineteenth-century poor city was in many ways a terrible place, dirty and crowded; but it offered economic and social opportunities. At the same time, the British countryside was in fact equally unattractive: though it promised fresh air and nature, it suffered from agricultural depression and it offered neither enough work and wages, nor much social life. Howard’s idea was to combine the best of town and country in a new kind of settlement, the garden city. Howard’s idea was that a group of people should set up a company, borrowing money to establish a garden city in the depressed countryside; far enough from existing cities to make sure that the land was bought at the bottom price.Garden cities would provide a central public open space, radial avenues and connecting industries. They would be surrounded by a much larger area of green belt, also owned by the company, containing not merely farms but also some industrial institutions. As more and more people moved in, the garden city would reach its planned limit-Howard suggested 32,000 people; then, another would be started a short distance away. Thus, over time, there would develop a vast planned house collection, extending almost without limit; within it, each garden city would offer a wide rang of jobs and services, but each would also be connected to the others by a rapid transportation system, thus giving all the economic and social opportunities of a big city.1. How did Howard get the name for his building plan of garden cities?A. Through his observation of the country life.B. Through the combination of different ideas.C. By taking other people’s advice.D. By using the nickname of the reconstructed Chicago.2. The underlined phrase ―drawing on ‖in Paragraph 1 probably means______.A. making use ofB. making comments onC. giving an explanation ofD. giving a description of3. According to Howard, garden cities should be built______.A. as far as possible from existing citiesB. in the countryside where the land was cheapC. in the countryside where agriculture was developedD. near cities where employment opportunities already existed4. What can we learn about garden cities from the last paragraph?A. Their number would continue to riseB. Each one would continue to become largerC. People would live and work in the same placeD. Each one would contain a certain type of business5. What could be the best title for the passage?A. City and CountrysideB. The Invention of the Garden CityC. A New City in ChicagoD. A Famous Garden City in EnglandPassage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passageWhy should mankind explore space? Why should money, time and effortbe spent exploring and researching something with so few apparent benefits? Why should resources be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on Earth? These are questions that, understandably, are very often asked.Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup(基因构成) as human beings. What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments? The wider the spread of a species, the better its chance of survival. Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible.Nearly every successful civilization has explored, because by doing so, any dangers in surrounding areas can be identified and prepared for. Without knowledge, we may be completely destroyed by the danger. With knowledge, we can lessen its effects.Exploration also allows minerals and other potential resources to be found. Even if we have no immediate need of them, they will perhaps be useful later. Resources may be more than physical possessions. Knowledge or techniques have been acquired through exploration. The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives. We have already benefited from other spin-offs including improvements in earthquake prediction, in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even non-stick pans and mirrored sunglasses are by-products of technological developments in the space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist.While many resources are spent on what seems a small return, the exploration of space allows creative, brave and intelligent members of our species to focus on what may serve to save us. While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers. The danger exists, but knowledge can help human being to survive. Without the ability to reach out across space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist.While Earth is the only planet known to support life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to live on other planets. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future.6. Why does the author mention the questions in Paragraph1?A. To express his doubts.B. To compare different ideas.C. To introduce points for discussion.D. To describe the conditions on Earth.7. What is the reason for exploring space based on Paragraph2?A. Humans are nature-born to do so.B. Humans have the tendency to fight.C. Humans may find new sources of food.D. Humans don’t like to stay in the same place.8. The underlined word ―spin-offs‖ in Paragraph 4 probably refers to______.A. survival chancesB. potential resourcesC. unexpected benefitsD. physical possessions9. What makes it possible for humans to live on other planets?A. Our genetic makeup.B. Resources on the earth..C. The adaptive ability of humans.D. By-products in space exploration.10. Which of the statements can best sum up the passage?A. Space exploration has created many wonders.B. Space exploration provided the best value for money.C. Space exploration may help us avoid potential problems on Earth.D. Space exploration can benefit science and technology.Passage ThreeQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.Human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain, a group of leading archeologists(考古学家) says. In a letter addressed to the justice secretary, Ken Clarke, 40 archaeologists write of their ―deep and widespread concern‖ about the issue. It centers on the law introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008 which requires all human remains unearthed in England and Wales to be reburied within two years, regardless of their age. The decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significance.―Your current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed human remains should be reburied, whether after a standard period of two years or a further special extension, is contrary to basic principles of archaeological and scientific rese arch and of museum practice,‖ they write.The law applies to any pieces of bone uncovered at around 400 dig sites, including the remains of 60 or so bodies found at Stonehenge in 2008 that date back to 3,000 BC. Archaeologists have been granted a temporary extension to give them more time, but eventually the bones will have to be returned to theground.The arrangements may result in the waste of future discoveries at sites such as Happisburgh in Norfolk, where digging is continuing after the discovery of stone tools made by early humans 950,000 years ago. If human remains were found at Happisburgh, they would be the oldest in northern Europe and the first indication of what this species was. Under the current practice of the law those remains would have to be reburied and effectively destroyed.Before 2008, guidelines allowed for the proper preservation and study of bones of sufficient age and historical interest, while the Burial Act 1857 applied to more recent remains. The Ministry of Justice assured archaeologists two years ago that the law was temporary, but has so far failed to revise it.Mike Parker Pearson, an archaeologist at Sheffield University, said: ―Archaeologists have been extremely patient because we were led to believe the ministry was sorting out this problem, but we feel that we cannot wait any longer.‖The ministry has no guidelines on where or how remains should be reburied, or on what records should be kept.11.The underlined word ―remains‖ in the first paragraph has closest meaningwith :A. leftoverB. stayC. bodyD. organ12.According to the passage, scientists are unhappy with the law mainlybecause ______.A. it is only a temporary measure on the human remainsB. it is unreasonable and thus destructive to scientific researchC. it was introduced by the government without their knowledgeD. it is vague about where and how to rebury human remains13.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A.Temporary extension of two years will guarantee scientists enough time.B. Human remains of the oldest species were dug out at Happisburgh.C. Human remains will have to be reburied despite the extension of time.D. Scientists have been warned that the law can hardly be changed.14.What can be inferred about the British law governing human remains?A. The Ministry of Justice did not intend it to protect human remains.B. The Burial Act 1857 only applied to remains uncovered before 1857.C. The law on human remains hasn’t changed in recent decades.D. The Ministry of Justice has not done enough about the law.15.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. New discoveries should be reburied, the government demands.B. Research time should be extended, scientists require.C. Law on human remains needs thorough discussion, authorities say.D. Law could bury ancient secrets for ever, archeologists warn.Passage FourQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.In the more and more competitive service industry, it is no longer enough to promis e customer satisfaction. Today, customer ―delight‖ is what companies are trying to achieve in order to keep and increase market share.It is accepted in the marketing industry, and confirmed by a number of researchers, that customers receiving good service will promote business by telling up to 12 other people; those treated badly tell tales of woe to up to 20 people. Interestingly, 80 percent of people who feel their complaints are handled fairly will stay loyal.New challenges for customer care have come when people can obtain goods and services through telephone call centers and the Internet. For example, many companies now have to invest (投资) a lot of money in information technology and staff training in order to cope with the ―phone rage‖---- caused by delays in answering calls, being cut off inmid-conversation or left waiting for long periods.―Many people do not like talking to machines,‖ says Dr, Storey, Senior Lecturer in Marketing at City University Business School. ―Banks, for example, encourage staff at call centers to use customer data to establish instant and good relationship with then. The aim is to make the customer feel they know you and that you can trust them – the sort of comfortable feelings people have during face-to-face chats with t heir local branch manager.‖Recommended ways of creating customer delight include:under-promising and over-delivering (saying that a repair will be carried out within five hours, but getting it done within two) replacing a faulty product immediately; throwing in a gift voucher (购物礼券)as an unexpected ―thank you‖ to regular customers; and always returning calls, even when they are complaints.Aiming for customer delight is all very well, but if services do not reach the high level promised, disappointment or worse will be the result. This can be eased by offering an apology and an explanation of why the service did not meet usual standards with empathy(for example, ―I know how you must feel‖), and possible solutions (replacement, compensation or whatever fai rnesssuggests best meets the case).Airlines face some of the toughest challenges over customer care. Fierce competition has convinced them at that delighting passengers is an important marketing tool, while there is great potential for customer anger over delays caused by weather, unclaimed luggage and technical problems.For British Airways staff, a winning telephone style is considered vital in handling the large volume of calls about bookings and flight times. They are trained to answer quickly, with t heir names, job title and a ―we are here to help‖ attitude. The company has invested heavily in information technology to make sure that information is available instantly on screen.British Airways also says its customer care policies are applied within the company and staff are taught to regard each other as customers requiring the highest standards of service.Customer care is obviously here to stay and it would be a foolish company that used slogans such as ―we do as we please‖. On the other hand, the more customers are promised, the greater the risk of disappointment.16. We can learn from Paragraph 2 that _______.A. complaining customers are hard to satisfyB. unsatisfied customers receive better serviceC .satisfied customers catch more attentionD. well-treated customers promote business17. The writer mentions ―phone rage‖(Paragraph 3)to show that ________.A. customers often use phones to express their angerB. people still prefer to buy goods onlineC. customer care becomes more demandingD. customers rely on their phones to obtain services18. What does the writer recommend to create customer delight?A. Calling customers regular.B. Gibing a ―thank you ―note..C. Delivering a quicker service.D. Promising more gifts.19. Customer delight is important for airlines because ________.A. their telephone style remains unchangedB. they are more likely to meet with complaintsC. the services cost them a lot of moneyD. the policies can be applied to their staff20. Which of the following is conveyed in this article?A. Face-to –face service creates comfortable feelings among customers.B. Companies that promise more will naturally attract more customers.C. A company should promise less but do more in a competitive market.D. Customer delight is more important for air lines then for banks.Part V Translation (35%)A:Directions: Translate the following sentences into English (20%)1.你为什么不在网上订票? (Why)2.我常把王海误认为他的双胞胎弟弟，因为他们长得太像了。
宏微观经济学题库考试练习题共50页文档
《宏微观经济学》题库考试练习题注意事项：同学们，你们好！本学期的期末考试即将来临，感谢你们对我在这一学期的教学工作的理解与支持。
现在按照学校关于期末考前练兵的有关要求，结合本课程考试改革的设想，将考试的练习题挂在网上，供大家复习时参考。
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一、单项选择题：1．需求曲线是（）。
A: 商品的价格曲线B: 商品的总收益曲线C: 商品边际收益曲线D: 商品的供给曲线答案[A]2．关于均衡价格的正确说法是（）。
A: 均衡价格是需求等于供给时的价格B: 供给量等于需求量时的价格C: 供给曲线与需求曲线交点上的价格D: 供给价格等于需求价格时的价格答案[C]3．A: 是整条的边际成本曲线B: 是B点之上的边际成本曲线C: 是A点之上的边际成本曲线D: 是价格曲线P o答案[C]4．如果消费者消费15个面包获得的总效用是100个效用单位，消费16个面包获得的总效用是106个效用单位。
则第16个面包的边际效用是（）效用单位。
A: 108个B: 100个C: 106个D: 6个答案[D]5．消费者剩余是指消费者从商品的消费中得到的（）。
A: 满足程度B: 边际效用C: 满足程度超过他实际支出的价格部分D: 满足程度小于他实际支出的价格部分答案[C]6．生产者剩余是指生产者的所得（）。
A: 小于边际成本部分B: 等于边际成本部分C: 超过边际成本部分D: 超过平均成本部分答案[C]7．收入消费曲线与恩格尔曲线（）。
A: 所表达的经济意义相同B: 所表达经济意义不相同C: 是同一条曲线D: 是两条没有任何关系的曲线答案[B]8．当X商品的价格下降时，替代效应X1X*=+5，收入效应X*X2=+3，则商品是（）。
青岛大学微观经济学2009--2011,2013--2015年考研专业课初试真题
B、降低价格一定会减少收益
C、提高价格未必增加收益，降低价格未必减少收益
三、简答题（每题 15 分，共 30 分） 1、什么是无谓损失，为什么税收通常会产生无谓损失? 在什么条 件下，税收不会产生无谓损失? 2、什么是进入壁垒？使企业可以在一个市场上保持唯一卖者地位 的进入壁垒的三个来源是什么？ 四、分析讨论题（第 1、2 题每题 15 分，第 3 题 20 分，共 50 分） 1、假设政府需要筹集税收收入。一个政治家建议，政府对食 物征税，因为每个人都必须吃饭，从而通过食物税可以筹集到大 量税收收入。但是，由于穷人把其大部分收入用于食物，应该只 向食物的卖着（商店）征收，而不向食物的买者征收。这个政治 家认为，这种类型的税收将把税收负担加在连锁商店身上，而不 是在贫穷的消费者身上。 （1）政府能立法规定，食物税的负担只落在食物的卖者身上 吗？为什么？（2）你认为食物税的负担会落在食物的卖者身上， 还是食物的买者身上？为什么？
4、假如由于铁矿石涨价导致钢铁价格上升，并且经济衰退导致人 们收入水平下降，则市场上汽车均衡价格和均衡产量将发生怎样 变化？ A、产量将增加，价格将上升 的变化 5、以下哪种关于消费者最优消费组合的说法正确？在最优时（）。 A、无差异曲线与预算约束线相切 D、以上各项都正确 E、以上各项都不正确 6、如果政府规定汽油的价格上限是每加仑1．5美元，而均衡价格 是每加仑1美元，下列哪一种说法是正确的? A、存在汽油短缺 B、存在汽油过剩 C、汽油供给的大量增加会使价格上限成为一种约束性限制 D、汽油需求的大量增加会使价格上限成为一种约束性限制
1
B、产量将减少，价格将上升
C、产量将减少，价格将下降 D、产量将减少，不能预算约束线的斜率 C、两种物品的相对价格等于边际替代率。
2012年青岛大学经济学院894宏微观经济学考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
e = E Pf P
式中， e 为实际汇率； P 和 Pf 分别为国内与国外的价格水平； E 为名义汇率。
5．萨伊定律 答：萨伊定律的核心思想是“供给创造其自身的需求”。这一结论隐含的假定是，循环 流程可以自动地处于充分就业的均衡状态。它包含三个要点：①产品生产本身能创造自己的 需求；②由于市场经济的自我调节作用，不可能产生遍及国民经济所有部门的普遍性生产过 剩，而只能在国民经济的个别部门出现供求失衡的现象，而且即使这样也是暂时的；③货币 仅仅是流通的媒介，商品的买和卖不会脱节。 根据萨伊定律，在一个完全自由的市场经济中，由于供给会创造自己的需求，因而社会 的总需求始终等于总供给。
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圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
二、简答（每题 7 分，共 56 分） 1．“人们的收入差距大一点好些还是小一点好些”这一问题是属于实证经济学问题还是 属于规范经济学问题？为什么？ 答：这一讨论属于规范经济学问题。理由如下： （1）实证经济学研究实际经济体系是怎样运行的，它对经济行为作出有关的假设，根 据假设分析和陈述经济行为及其后果，并试图对结论进行检验。从“实证”的角度来看，经 济学对经济现象的研究至少包括三个方面：①“描述”，即回答“是什么”的问题；②“解 释”，即回答“为什么”的问题；③“预测”，即回答“会如何”的问题。 （2）规范经济学试图从一定的社会价值判断标准出发，根据这些标准，对一个经济体 系的运行进行评价，并进一步说明一个经济体系应当怎样运行，以及为此提出相应的经济政 策。规范经济学是建立在一定的价值判断标准的基础之上的理论经济学，它研究经济事物应 该如何运行，而不考虑经济事物的实际运行状况，提出行为的标准并研究如何才能符合这些 标准，为个人或政府实现某种目标提供行之有效的行动方针和政策处方。简而言之，规范经 济学的目的是对经济体系的运行做出价值判断，回答是“好”还是“不好”的问题，并提出 “应该怎样”的问题。凡陈述应该怎样的命题，成为规范命题，属于规范经济学研究的范畴。 （3）由于人们的立场观点、伦理道德观点不同，对同一事物会有不同看法。人们收入 差距大一点好，还是小一点好，各人根据自己的价值标准，可能有不同的回答。坚持效率优 先的人会认为收入差距大一点好，因为这样可给人以刺激，从而提高效率；相反，坚持公平 为重的人会认为，收入差距小一点好，因为这样可体现收入均等化原则。这个问题属于规范 经济学范畴。
【青岛大学2012年考研专业课真题】数据库系统2012
17. 关于计算机系统中存在的数据处理，以下说法错误的是（ （OLAP） B．事务处理（OLTP）的特点是数据存取频率高，时间短
A ．传统的数据库技术既适合事务处理（ OLTP ）也适合分析处理
C．分析型处理（OLAP）的特点是需要集成的数据，历史的数据 D．对于决策分析来说，历史数据是相当重要的 18. 数据库设计中，需求分析阶段的重点是（ A．数据和处理 C．合并分 E-R 图 ） 。 B．设计分 E-R 图 D．消除不必要的冗余，生成基本 E-R 图 ） 。
第 3 页（共 7 页）
） 。
） 。
A． 分布式数据库系统的目标是利用多处理机结点并行地完成数据库
B． 并行数据库系统目的主要在于实现场地自治和数据全局透明共享 C． 并行数据库系统经常采用负载平衡方法提供数据库系统的业务吞 吐率 D． 分布式数据库系统中，不存在全局应用时各局部应用的概念，各 节点完全不独立，各个节点需要协同工作 16. 有关系模式 A（C，T，H，R，S） ，其中各属性的含义是：C：课程， T：教员，H：上课时间，R：教室，S：学生。根据语义有如下函数 依赖集 F={C→T， （H，R）→C， （H，T）→R， （H，S）→R}。关系 模式 A 的规范化程度最高达到（ A．1NF B．2NF ） 。 C．3NF D．BCNF ） 。
第 5 页（共 7 页）
(MANAGER=’001’(DEPT)))，请将
四、关系模式规范化（1 小题，共 10 分） 设有关系 R 和函数依赖 F： R （W， X， Y， Z） ， F = { X→Z， WX→Y }。 试求下列问题： （1）关系 R 属于第几范式，请说明理由； （4 分） （2）如果关系 R 不属于 BCNF，请将关系 R 逐步分解为 BCNF。 （6 分） 。 （要求：写出达到每一级范式的分解过程，并指明消除什么类型的函
894宏微观经济学
青岛大学2013年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：科目名称：宏微观经济学（共2页）请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效一、名词解释（每题3分，共24分）1、边际替代率（MRS）2、静态分析3、资本存量4、阿罗不可能定律5、摩擦失业6、边际消费倾向7、货币幻觉8、国民待遇二、简答题（每题7分，共56分）1、作图说明，若其它条件不变，消费者收入水平提高，供求均衡点将如何变化？2、影响需求的价格弹性的因素有哪些？3、边际收益递减的原因是什么？4、完全竞争厂商的长期均衡应满足哪些条件？5、交换的帕累托最优应满足的条件是什么？6、GDP定义应从哪几个方面理解？7、除凯恩斯消费函数，宏观经济学中介绍的消费函数还有哪些？8、第二次世界大战后的经济周期理论主要有哪些？三、计算题（每题11分，共22分）1、假定劳动力市场的供求曲线分别为：S L=100W，D L=60000-100W。
求解：（1）均衡工资为多少？（2）如果政府对每单位劳动力课以10美元的税收，则新的均衡工资为多少？（3）对单位劳动征收的10美元税收最终由谁支付？（4）税收总额为多少？2、如果货币需求函数为L=0.2y-5r，货币供给量M为100，消费函数为c=40+0.8y，投资函数为I=140-10r，税收t=50，政府支出g=50时，计算：（1）均衡收入、利率和投资。
（2）政府支出从50增加到80时，均衡收入和利率各为多少?四、论述题（每题16分，共48分）1、序数效用论是怎样推导其消费者均衡条件的？2、决定投资的因素有哪些？3、为抵御经济危机，我国政府于2009年同时实施了积极的货币政策和财政政策，试用IS—LM模型分析其效应。
【青岛大学2012年考研专业课真题】高等代数2012
n, rank ( A ) 1, 0,
*
当rank ( A) n 当rank ( A) nห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ 1 当rank ( A) n 1
六、 （20 分）证明：一个实二次型可以分解成两个实系数的一次齐次多项式的乘 积的充分必要条件是：它的秩等于 2 且符号差等于 0，或者秩等于 1. 七、 （20 分） 证明： 上三角的正交矩阵必为对角矩阵，且对角线上元素为+1 或-1.
青岛大学 2012 年硕士研究生入学考试试题
科目代码： 816 科目名称： 高等代数 （共 2 页） 请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效 一、(10 分) 设 f ( x) x3 (1 t ) x 2 2 x 2u 与 g ( x) x3 tx 2 u 的最大公因式是 一个二次多项式，求 t , u 的值. 二、 （10 分）证明：计算
2x x 1 2 1 x 1 1 f x 中 x 4 与 x 3 的系数，并说明理由. 3 2 x 1 1 1 1 x
三、 （20 分）设 t1 , t2 ,
, tr 是互不相同的数， r n .证明：
i (1, ti , , tin1 )(i 1, 2, , r )
是线性无关的. 四、 （20 分）设 B 为一 r r 矩阵， C 为 r n 矩阵，且 rank (C ) r .证明： 1）如果 BC 0 ，那么 B 0 ； 2）如果 BC C ，那么 B E . 五、 （20 分）证明：如果 A 是 n n 矩阵 (n 2) ，那么
九、 （10 分）设 A 是线性空间 V 上的可逆线性变换. 1) 证明: A 的特征值一定不为 0; 1 2)证明:如果 是的 A 特征值,那么 是 A 1 的特征值.
青岛大学教育经济学2012-2017年考研初试真题
青岛大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：896科目名称：教育经济学（共1页）
请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效
一、名词解释：（40分，每题10分）
1、教育投资
2、人力资本
3、教育规模经济
4、教育收益率
二、简答题：（60分，每题20分）
1.试述制约我国居民教育消费的主要因素有哪些？
2.试述人力资本的性质
3.试述确定教育投资比例的原则
三、综合分析题：（50分）
材料：据《中国青年报》2016年4月11日报道：“现在好教师流动就像‘割韭菜’，村里面的好老师到了乡镇，乡镇的到了县城，县城的好老师到了市里，中西部的到了东部。
这是一个很重要的问题，城里的好学校聚集了大量的好教师。
”前不久，全国政协委员、第十二届全国政协副秘书长朱永新在深圳举行的“中小学办学体制改革高峰论坛”上，提到了这种现象。
问题：
1、试分析材料中教师流动的原因（15分）
2、论述教师合理流动的理论依据（20分）
3、如何解决材料中所反映的问题（15分）。
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青岛大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题
科目代码：894 科目名称：宏微观经济学___（共2页）
请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效
一、名词解释（每题3分，共24分）
1、生产者剩余
2、替代效应
3、需求的收入弹性
4、边际收益递减规律
5、萨伊定律
6、实际汇率
7、凯恩斯陷阱
8、自动稳定器
二、简答（每题7分，共56分）
1、“人们的收入差距大一点好些还是小一点好些”这一问题是属于实证经济学问题还是属于规范经济学问题？为什么？
2、为什么劣质商品的需求价格弹性可能为负的、零或正的？
3、作图说明短期成本曲线之间的相互关系。
4、作图并说明完全竞争行业的三种长期供给曲线。
5、新古典增长模型的假设前提及其达到稳态的条件是什么？
6、总供给和总需求分析中的“古典区域”具有什么特点？为什么？
7、证券投资的系统性风险是什么意思？包括哪些内容？
8、乘数——加速数模型的基本原理是什么？
三、计算题（每题11分，共22分）
1、假定某厂商短期生产的边际成本函数为SMC（Q）=3Q2－8Q+100，且已知当产量Q＝10时的总成本STC＝2400，求相应的STC函数、SAC函数和A VC函数。
2、三部门组成的经济体，消费函数C=80+0.8Y d，投资函数I=20－5r，货
币需求函数L=0.4Y－10r，政府购买支出G=20，税收T＝0.25Y，名义货币供应量M＝90，充分就业的国名收入为285。
其中r为利率，Y d是可支配国民收入，Y是国民收入。
（1）均衡国民收入与利率各是多少？
（2）若总供给曲线为Y=235+40P，则总需求曲线与总供给曲线决定的均衡国民收入价格各为多少？
四、论述题（每题16分，共48分）
1、政府对农产品进行价格保护时，要在市场上维持一个较高的价格，一般有价格支持和生产配额两种政策可选。
请做图说明两种政策实施的原理、特征及其异同，并以此解释对我国粮食市场实施价格保护的必要性。
2、为何完全竞争的市场机制符合帕累托最优状态？
3、作图分类说明在IS曲线和LM曲线的斜率不同时财政政策的效果差异。
（重点说明政策实施时各相关变量的变动规律）。