英文essay outline怎么写(附上范例)
英语作文的outline模板
英语作文的outline模板Outline:I. Introduction。
Definition of social media。
Importance of social media in today's society。
II. Advantages of social media。
Communication and networking。
Information sharing and access。
Business and marketing opportunities。
III. Disadvantages of social media。
Cyberbullying and harassment。
Addiction and time-wasting。
Privacy and security concerns。
IV. Conclusion。
Balancing the advantages and disadvantages of social media。
Final thoughts。
Social Media: Advantages and Disadvantages。
I. Introduction。
Social media refers to websites and applications that enable users to create and share content or to participate in social networking. Social media has become an integral part of our daily lives, with millions of people using it to communicate, share information, and connect with others. In this essay, we will discuss the advantages anddisadvantages of social media.II. Advantages of social media。
EssayOutline范文
EssayOutline范⽂Name: He YaoxiStudent number: 201428010415014Course code: B-13 WRITING ASSIGNMENT #5Essay OutlineTitle: Do all students benefit from studying oversea?Thesis Statement: Not all students benefit from studying oversea, on the contrary, it would bring a lot of problems. We should make a reasonable selection according to our own conditions and pursuits.Outline:Ⅰ. Introduction- Thesis statement: With globalization, more and more educated, talented, passionate young graduate students prefer to study oversea rather than staying home. In such a wave, we need to pose a question: Do all students benefit from studying oversea? My answer is no. Not all students benefit from studying oversea, on the contrary, it would bring a lot of problems. Therefore, we should make a reasonable selection according to our own conditions and pursuits.Ⅱ. Body Paragraph #1Topic Sentence: Foreign life means students have to make changes for the entirely different environment, such as lifestyle, culture and language, ect..A. Students may hardly adapted themselves to the new lifestyle;B. Students may hardly adapted themselves to the different culture;C. Students may hardly adapted themselves to the foreign language;Ⅲ. Body Paragraph #2Topic Sentence: There are not many opportunities for foreign countries after the financial crisis.A. The financial crisis lead to loss of jobs for overseas-students;B. The financial crisis make difficult for overseas-students to apply the fund ;C. The financial crisis create a tumultuous social upheaval for overseas-students;Ⅳ. Body Paragraph #3Topic Sentence: Oversea studying adds parental burden, and apprehension and homesickness for students.A. Oversea studying adds parental burden for affording the high tuitions;B. Oversea studying may bring mental issue as feeling homesick;C. Oversea studying sometimes may broken your relationship.Ⅴ. ConclusionNot all students benefit from studying oversea, it also may cause a lot of troubles.。
雅思作文outline
雅思作文outline英文回答：Introduction:In the current milieu, there is a substantial debate surrounding the question of whether individuals ought to be held accountable for the ramifications of their actions or whether external factors should be taken into consideration. This essay will delve into both perspectives, examiningtheir strengths and weaknesses.Paragraph 1: Individual Responsibility.One school of thought maintains that people should bear the onus of their own actions. Proponents of this viewargue that personal accountability fosters self-relianceand encourages responsible behavior. They contend that individuals have the capacity to make informed choices and are, therefore, morally obligated to accept theconsequences of their decisions.Paragraph 2: Extenuating Circumstances.However, others posit that external factors can significantly influence human behavior. They argue that societal pressures, cultural norms, and psychological predispositions can cloud judgment and impair decision-making. As a result, they believe that it is unjust to hold individuals solely responsible for their actions without considering mitigating circumstances.Paragraph 3: Balancing Perspectives.Striking a balance between these two perspectives is crucial. While it is essential to promote individual accountability, it is equally important to acknowledge the impact of external influences. A fair and just society should consider both the actions of individuals and the circumstances that may have shaped those actions.Paragraph 4: Conclusion.In conclusion, the question of whether individuals should be held accountable for their actions versus whether external factors should be considered is a complex one that requires careful examination. By understanding thestrengths and weaknesses of both perspectives, we can work towards a nuanced approach that balances personal responsibility with compassion and understanding.中文回答：引言：当今社会中，关于个人是否应该对自己的行为负责还是应该考虑外部因素的问题存在着广泛的争论。
如何写英语文章的Outline即提纲
C. Don’t carry too many things into the interview. A notebook, pens, and/or laptop computer should be carried in a briefcase.
D. Hair and nails should be clean and neat.
Body Paragraph #2- Topic Sentence: ____________ A. supporting idea B. supporting idea
Body Paragraph #3- Topic Sentence: ____________ A. supporting idea B. supporting idea
An outline saves time for writers. Preparing an outline can take time, but when you are finished, you will be able to write the rough draft of your essay more quickly than if you didn’t have an outline.
Example
Outline
Here is an example of how a blank outline might look:
Essay Outline
I. Introduction
Thesis: _____________________
II. III. IV. V.
Body Paragraph #1- Topic Sentence: _____________ A. supporting idea B. supporting idea
英文作文outline的写法
英文作文outline的写法下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成，希望大家下载以后，能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。
文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!Paragraph 1: Well, you know, writing an outline for an English essay can be kind of confusing. There are so many things to think about. Like what to include and what to leave out.Paragraph 2: Another thing is how detailed you want to make it. Do you just list the main points or do you go into a lot of detail? That's a big decision.Paragraph 3: And then there's the style. Do you want it to be formal or more casual? That can really affect the way it comes across.Paragraph 4: Oh, and don't forget about organization. Making sure everything flows nicely and makes sense issuper important.Paragraph 5: Sometimes it's hard to know where to start. But once you get going, it can start to come together.。
英文作文outline格式
英文作文outline格式Outline for an English Essay:I. Introduction。
Briefly introduce the topic。
State the main argument or thesis statement。
II. Personal Experience。
Share a personal story or experience related to the topic。
Describe the emotions and thoughts associated with the experience。
III. Statistics or Facts。
Present relevant statistics or facts related to thetopic。
Use numbers or percentages to emphasize the importanceor impact of the issue。
IV. Expert Opinion。
Quote an expert or authority figure's opinion on the topic。
Explain why their opinion is significant or influential。
V. Counterargument。
Present a counterargument or opposing viewpoint。
Acknowledge the validity of the counterargument, but explain why it is flawed or less convincing。
VI. Anecdote or Example。
Provide a short anecdote or example that supports yourargument。
英文提纲作文模板范文
英文提纲作文模板范文英文：Outline writing is an essential skill that every student should learn. It helps to organize your thoughts and ideas, making it easier to write a coherent essay. In this article, I will provide a template for writing an outline and explain how to use it effectively.Firstly, start with a clear and concise thesis statement. This will be the main point of your essay and should be included in the introduction of your outline. Next, create subheadings for each of the main points you want to make in your essay. These subheadings should be in chronological order and should support your thesis statement.Under each subheading, write a few bullet points to summarize the key ideas you want to discuss. These bullet points should be specific and detailed, providing evidenceand examples to support your argument. Remember to include transitional phrases between each subheading to ensure a smooth flow of ideas.Once you have completed your outline, review it to ensure that it is well-structured and coherent. Make any necessary revisions and ensure that your ideas are presented logically and clearly. Finally, use your outline as a guide when writing your essay, referring back to it as you write to ensure that you stay on track and address all of the key points you outlined.中文：提纲写作是每个学生都应该学会的重要技能。
英语论文outline规范范例
2.2.1Dead priest and his abandoned belongings—collapse of the religious belief
2.2.2The wild garden—spiritual paralysis
2.2.3The chalice—boy’s yearning for beautiful love
A Paralysed Wilderness
—The Appreciation and Analysis of Symbols inAraby
Thesis statement:The symbols regarding the setting, religion and characters inArabyare ingeniously adopted, which manifests a stretch of paralysed wilderness typical ofDublinand contributes immensely to the success of the short story.
Outline:
1.Introduction
2.Demonstration
2.1 Symbols regarding the setting
2.1.1Blind alley inNorth Richmond Street—hopelessness, bleakness, and ignorance
2.1.2Houses and gardens in the street—decay and gloom
2.3 cters
2.3.1Mangan’s sister—boy’s pursuit of dream
英语作文的outline模板
英语作文的outline模板英文回答：IntroductionIn the realm of written expression, composing an English essay is not merely a task of linguistic prowess but an art form that requires careful planning and execution. An effective essay outline serves as a sturdy scaffolding, guiding the writer through the process of creating a coherent, well-structured, and engaging piece of writing.Body Paragraph 1: The FoundationThe initial pillar of the outline establishes the essay's thesis statement, a concise articulation of the central argument or claim. This foundation is critical as it provides a roadmap, guiding both the writer and the reader through the subsequent paragraphs. Supportingevidence, drawn from credible sources or personal anecdotes, anchors the thesis statement, bolstering its credibility and laying the groundwork for the essay's development.Body Paragraph 2: Exploration and AnalysisThe second paragraph delves into the first major point that supports the thesis statement. Here, the writer explores the topic in greater depth, utilizing a variety of perspectives and angles to strengthen the argument. Engaging the reader on an intellectual level, the writer analyzes and discusses the implications of the supporting evidence, building momentum towards the essay's climax.Body Paragraph 3: Expansion and ComplexityThe third paragraph extends the essay's argument by introducing a second major supporting point. This paragraph allows the writer to expand the scope of the discussion, introducing new perspectives or exploring the topic'scomplexities. It serves as a bridge, seamlessly connecting the initial point to the upcoming conclusion.Body Paragraph 4: Transition and ReinforcementThe fourth paragraph transitions smoothly between the two major supporting points. It reinforces the overall argument, weaving together the threads of the preceding paragraphs to create a cohesive narrative. Through the skillful use of transitional devices, the writer maintains the flow of the essay, guiding the reader's understanding effortlessly.ConclusionIn the concluding paragraph, the writer brings the essay to a satisfying close. The thesis statement is revisited, reinforced, and expanded upon. The writer succinctly restates the main points, leaving a lasting impression on the reader's mind. A final thought, a call to action, or apoignant reflection may serve as a thought-provoking finale, inviting contemplation and engagement long after the essay has been read.中文回答：导言在书面表达领域，写好一篇英语作文不仅仅是语言能力的展示，更是一种需要精心规划和执行的艺术形式。
英语作文outline范例
英语作文outline范例《英语作文 Outline 范例：让写作不再迷茫》在学习英语的道路上，写作文可是个让人又爱又恨的事儿。
有时候灵感来了，洋洋洒洒能写一大篇，但更多时候，对着空白的纸或者电脑屏幕，脑袋里也是一片空白，不知道从哪儿开始。
这时候，一个清晰的英语作文 outline（提纲）就像是黑暗中的明灯，照亮我们写作的道路，让我们不再迷茫。
就拿我上次参加英语写作比赛的经历来说吧。
那是一场主题为“我的梦想假期”的比赛，刚看到这个题目，我心里那叫一个兴奋，想着终于能把我幻想中的完美假期写出来了。
可真到要动笔的时候，我却傻眼了，想法太多，不知道怎么组织，一会儿想写海边的美景，一会儿又想写当地的美食，完全没有头绪。
这时候，我突然想起老师教过的outline（提纲）的重要性。
于是，我深吸一口气，开始认真构思我的outline（提纲）。
首先，我在纸上写下了“Introduction（引言）”这一部分。
我想先引起读者的兴趣，所以我决定开头就来一句：“H ave you ever dreamed of a vacation that is so perfect that it feels like a fairy tale?” （你是否曾梦想过一个完美得如同童话般的假期？）然后简单说一说每个人都对梦想假期充满期待，而我马上就要和大家分享我的。
接下来是“Main Body（主体）”。
这可是重头戏，我把它分成了三个段落。
第一段写“Destination（目的地）”，我选的是浪漫的法国巴黎。
我详细描述了我为什么选择巴黎，比如那里有闻名世界的埃菲尔铁塔，充满艺术气息的卢浮宫，还有香榭丽舍大道上的时尚店铺。
我写道：“The Eiffel Tower, standing majestically in the heart of Paris, has always been a symbol of romance and elegance Just imagining standing at its topand looking down at the cityscape makes my heart race with excitement”（埃菲尔铁塔，雄伟地矗立在巴黎的中心，一直是浪漫和优雅的象征。
英语写作--Outline
The Process
Topic Sentences
Thesis Statement
A job interview can often make or break your chances of getting your dream job. There are several things that you can do in an interview to increase the possibility of your success such as dressing properly, answering interview questions thoroughly, and asking good questions at the end of the interview.
The Process
Supporting Details
Under the topic sentence for each paragraph, list some of the supporting details, examples, or ideas you want to include in each paragraph.
built in the way you want. The same is true
with writing an essay and making an outline.
What are the Benefits of an Outline ?
Introduction
The Benefits of an Outline
Topic Sentence Paragraph #1:
The way you dress can have a big impact on an interview panel’s first impressions of you.
2018年专四作文outline
2018年专四作文outline英文回答：In 2018, I took the CET-4 exam and the writing prompt was about the importance of learning a second language. I believe that learning a second language is incredibly important for several reasons. Firstly, it opens up new opportunities for communication and connection with people from different cultures. For example, when I visited France, my ability to speak French allowed me to have meaningful conversations with locals and understand their way of life better. Secondly, learning a second language can also enhance one's cognitive abilities and improve memory and problem-solving skills. In fact, studies have shown that bilingual individuals have a better ability to focus and multitask. Overall, I think that learning a second language is not only a valuable skill but also a rewardingexperience that can broaden one's horizons.中文回答：2018年，我参加了专四考试，写作题目是关于学习第二语言的重要性。
英文essay格式示例
英文essay格式示例以下是一篇英文 essay 的格式示例:Title: ( essay 题目 )Author: ( 作者名 )Date: ( 日期 )Format: ( essay 格式 )Body Text:Body Text consists of three main parts: introduction, body, and conclusion.1. Introduction: The introduction provides an outline of the essay and introduces the main topic or thesis statement. It should be brief and 引人入胜.2. Body Text: The body text is the main part of the essay and presents the arguments and evidence to support the thesis. It should be organized in a logical and coherent manner, with paragraphs devoted to each major point. Each paragraph should be focused and specific, with evidence and examples to support the argument.3. Conclusion: The conclusion summarizes the main points of the essay and restates the thesis. It should be brief and to the point, with a final opportunity to 强化 the main arguments.Format:注意以下几点:- Each page should start with a separate header, including the title, author, date, and format.- Use a 12-point font, with 1-inch margins on all sides. - Use bold, italic, and underlining to emphasize key words and phrases.- Use tables, charts, and figures only if they materially support the argument.- Do not use abbreviations or informal language unless specifically requested.- Keep the essay short and concise, with no more than 150-250 words per page.Example:Title: The Effects of Television on Children"s Learning Author: Jane SmithDate: February 20, 2023Format: Essay (1 page, 12-point font, 1-inch margins, bold, italic, and underlining)Introduction:Television has become an integral part of children"s lives, and many parents worry about the potential negative effects ofwatching too much television on their children"s learning. This essay examines the effects of television on children"s learning and concludes that television can have both positive and negative effects, depending on how it is used.Body Text:Research has shown that children who watch a lot of television tend to have lower reading skills and productivity. However, television can also be a powerful learning tool if it is used in conjunction with other activities. For example, parents can use educational television programs to help their children learn new concepts, and children can also learn through playing games and watching educational videos.Conclusion:Overall, the effects of television on children"s learning are complex and depend on how it is used. While excessive television watching can have negative effects, television can also be a valuable learning resource if used in conjunction with other activities. It is important for parents to set limits on their children"s television watching and to ensure that it is balanced with other activities, such as reading and playing.。
英语作文的outline模板
英语作文的outline模板英文回答：Outline Template for English Essay。
I. Introduction。
A. Hook: Start with an interesting fact or quote to grab the reader's attention.B. Background information: Provide some context and background information on the topic.C. Thesis statement: Clearly state the main argument or purpose of the essay.II. Body Paragraphs。
A. Topic sentence: Introduce the main idea of the paragraph.B. Supporting details: Provide evidence, examples, and explanations to support the topic sentence.C. Analysis: Analyze and interpret the evidence to show how it supports the main argument.D. Transition: Use transitional words or phrases to smoothly connect the paragraphs.III. Counterargument。
A. Acknowledge the opposing viewpoint.B. Refute the counterargument with evidence and reasoning.C. Strengthen the original argument by showing its superiority.IV. Conclusion。
英文essay outline怎么写(附上范例)
撰写essay之前，好的outline对你撰写正文内容具有很强的指导作用。
不管你要撰写的是什么类型的文章，outline 都是非常必要（通常情况下也是必须的）。
接下来的内容对撰写提纲有很大帮助。
1.明确文章的主旨。
一篇文章都有其所要表达主旨。
选择一个最终主旨不仅能引导你主题的方向，还有助于你有逻辑的组织文章。
比如你在写论文，写下能够概括文章主旨的中心思想，以帮助你确定主旨：•比较和对照两个事物。
•列出因果•阐明或分析一个特殊方面•列出单个或两者的论证•提供证据并得出结论•列出问题然后提供解决方案2.收集辅助材料。
这些被收集来的材料可能来自引用他人成果、数据统计、理论、实验结果等。
通过收集材料，明确这些材料使用，这些东西可能会体现在essay outline中。
3.决定如何安排辅助论证来支撑主旨。
举例：如果你在呈现一个历史概述，你可以按年代来排序；如果你在辩论文学方面内容，你可能要按主题排序；如果你处在某观点立场的两级徘徊时，你可以先列出和你立场有矛盾的证据，然后用反论证消除达到有说服力的结果。
4.撰写主题提纲或者句子提纲。
如果文章非常灵活多变，那么你可以用利用一些短语作为主题大纲；用句子大纲阐述细节。
•一般来说你可以尝试先用主题提纲来开始你的提纲撰写，然后再逐步转变成句子提纲。
5.确定主要类别。
根据文章的主旨和找到的辅助材料来决定把全文的大主题分散整理到不同逻辑类别。
这些类别将会被标记成罗马数字来形成提纲的第一步。
•当写文章时，通常会用一个大点去代表一个段落：比如，一、文章的开头段，二、主体段落的第一段，等等。
例如，如果描写飞机历史发展史的概论，每一个大点就该包括各个飞机历史上的时期。
6.确定论点。
每个分类至少想两个论点，根据你文章的主旨和你之前收集的论据材料来选择你的分论点。
这些分论点就是你提纲的第二个层级。
一般它们是用英文字母标示的。
（比如A、B、C 等等）•让你的第二层级比你的第一层级缩进1.27到2.54厘米•还是用飞机发展史历史的例子，每一个分点就可以描写那个时代的发动机型号7.根据需要确定中心论点的分论点。
英语专业文献综述Outline（5篇）
英语专业文献综述Outline（5篇）第一篇：英语专业文献综述OutlineOutline 1 Introduction 2 Literature overreview2.1 Peer review2.2 incidental vocabulary acquisition2.3 Peer evaluation and the teacher3 Design of the study4 Results4.1 Students as evaluatees4.2 Students as evaluators5 Discussion6 Conclusion第二篇：英语专业实习报告 intership report outlineOutline for Internship Report1.First PageFirst page should display: Student name and surname, internship start and finish dates, number of internship days, type of internship(production, or design and development), company/institution name.This page should be signed and stamped by the supervisor of the intern student.2.Weekly timetableA weekly timetable where each row in the table corresponding to a day in internship period.Each row should record the date, internship activity on that date.Weekly Schedule should explain the work accomplished each day of the week during the internship period and should contain:•••The department of the organization that the week was and signature of the controlling supervisor for each week The official stamp of the organization.3.A Brief Executive Summary of the InternshipA one page summary of the company/institution and a short account of the major activities carried out during the internship period.4.Table of ContentsContents of the report with page numbers, list of tables, and list of figures.5.Description of the company/institution This section should answer the following questions:5.1.What is the full title of the company/institution? Give a brief history of the company, fullmailing address and relevant web links.5.2.What is the type of ownership of the company/institution? State the main shareholders andtheir shares.5.3.What is the sector that the company/institution operates in? Specify the products and servicesproduced and offered to its customers.5.4.Who are regarded as the customers of your internship company/institution(consider the endusers, retailers, other manufacturers, employees, etc.)?5.5.Provide an organization chart of the company, along with information on the number ofemployees.5.6.Provide a list of functions performed by the mechanical engineers in the internshiporganization.6.Internship activitiesThis is the main body of your report.You should present the activities performed during the internship period.Please refer to “” document for the types of analysis and inquiries that you should be perfo rming during “Production”, and “Design and Development” internship.7.An assessment of the internship In this section you should answer the following questions7.1.What skills and qualifications you think that you havegained from the internship?7.2.What kind of responsibilities you have undertaken during the internship period?7.3.How do you think the internship will influence your future career plans?7.4.How do you think the internship activities that you carried out are correlated with yourclassroom knowledge?8.Conclusions of the reportThis section should include:• A summary of key conclusions derived from the internship experience.• General observations about the sector in which your internship company/institution operates9.Appendices and supplementary material(charts, graphs, pictures, computer codes, etc.)10.ReferencesRules for writing the internship report:••••••You do not have to provide a day-to-day diary of the internship activities.Do not write theoretical excerpts from textbooks!Describe what you exactly did there and what experiences you have gained throughout your training.The internship report should be between 15-20 pages and written to “Training Program Diary” which can be provided from the university bookstore.The internship report should be written in handwriting, and each page should contain about 25 lines.The internship report should be original, no photocopies areaccepted.You can include graphs, pictures, data, drawings, or design calculations in your report;however they should not cover more than 1/3 of the rger graphs, pictures, data, drawings, or design calculations should be given as an Appendix.第三篇：Outline 4Social Movements of the 1960sI.Background---Greensboro Sit-in(格林斯博罗静坐)On February 1, 1960, 4 freshmen from a black college in Greensboro, North Carolina(北卡罗莱纳州), sat down at a department lunch counter and ordered coffee.When refused, they continued to sit at the counter, openly defying the segregation law prevailing in the state.The next day, more students joined them.Thus began the civil rights movement(黑人民权运动), which spread from the south to the ter, this quiet “sit-in” became the major nonviolent direct action tactics to be used by black civil rights activists.*The civil rights movement, and the youth anti-war, and the women’s liberation movements had long roots in United States history.（黑人民权运动、青年反战运动以及后来的妇女解放运动都深深地植根于美国历史之中）II.Definition---One professor argues that “a social movement is a type of behavior in which a large number of participants consciously attempt to change existing institutions and establish a new order of life.”---Two basic characteristics of all social movements: “structure”(有组织)and “spontaneity”（自发性）---Other necessary parts of a social movement are:1.a social base of people 人这一社会基础2.a “message” or ideology 思想体系3.the ability to spread the message and get more supporter 传播思想和得到更多支持者的能力III.The Civil Rights Movement---One of the most important of all social movement in the 1960s U.S.history.Rosa Park’s(罗莎•帕克斯)spontaneous action(自发行为)in 1955 was believed to be the true beginning of the civil rights movement.The black students’ sit-in at a department lunch counter in North Carolina touched off(触发，激起)the nationwide civil rights movement.During the first half of the decade, civil rights organizations like SNCC(the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee学生非暴力统一行动委员会), CORE(the Congress of Racial Equality争取种族平等大会), and SCLC(the Southern Christian Leadership Conference南部基督教领导联合会)struggled for racial integration by providing leadership, tactics, network and the people.In the latter half of the decade, some black organizations changed their nonviolent tactics, and emphasized on more radical means to end discrimination and raised the self image of the blacks.The civil rights movement produced such great leaders as Martin Luther King, Jr., and Malcolm X, who inspired a generation of both blacks and whites to devote their lives to fighting for racial equality in the U.S.---Montgomery Bus Boycott蒙哥马利抵制公交车隔离政策运动In December 1995, Rosa Parks, a NAACP（National Association for the Advancement of Colored People(美国)全国有色人种协进会）member in Montgomery Alabama, refused to give up herseat to a white man on a public bus.Alabama law required that blacks sit at the back of the bus, and when asked, surrender their seats to whites.Mrs.Parks was arrested.Local black leadersdecided to boycott the city’s bus system.Black people in th e city spontaneously began to boycott the bus system refusing to ride on public buses.In the year long Montgomery bus boycott, blacks young and old, walked to work.With the bus company near bankruptcy, and the aid of a 1956 Supreme Court decision, Montgomery blacks triumphed.In fact, the boycott was believed to be the true.---Direct Action Tactics直接行动策略When the civil rights movement began, non-violent direct action tactics like “sit-ins” and “freedom rides”(自由乘车运动), voter registration(投票者登记).Later, anti-war activists added “teach-ins” on college campuses,（(大学师生举行的）时事宣讲会，讨论会，辩论会)to educate people about the war in Vietnam as well as protest marches and rallies and etc.---Martin Luther King, Jr.Martin Luther King, Jr., an Atlanta-born Baptist minister(浸礼会牧师), was the leader of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference during the civil rights movement of the 1960s.To promote his philosophy of nonviolent protest against segregation and other kinds of social injustice, King organized a series of “marches”, incl uding the March on Washington of August, 1963, when King delivered his famous “I have a Dream” speech.As a civil rights leader, King worked not only to end racial discrimination（种族歧视）0and poverty, but also to raise the self image of the blacks.Due to his strong belief in nonviolent peaceful protest, King was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.He was assassinated in the city of Memphis(孟斐斯)in April 1968.---Contrary to King’s nonviolent tactics, Malcom X(马尔科姆•艾克斯)spoke in favour of black separatism(分离主义)and against nonviolence in fighting racial discrimination.---Some of SNCC(学生非暴力统一行动委员会)members thought they needed a strong leader rather than collective leadership.In 1965, theyelected a new chairman, Stokeley Carmichael(斯托克利•卡迈克尔)who spoke about Black Power.*The most notorious terrorist group against black civil rights workers in the South was known as Ku Klux Klan三K党*Those who worked in the civil rights movement included Negro leaders, black and white young people, and some professionals and some housewives.IV.The Youth Movement *Many young people were involved in the social movements of the 1960 because they resented traditional white male values in U.S.society.---Free Speech MovementMario Savio(马里奥•萨维奥), a student who had just returned from working with SNCC in the Mississippi Freedom Summer, took off his shoes and stood on top of the police car.He demandedthat the CORE worker be freed and the rules against free speech be changed.The students sat around the car for 32 hours in spontaneous, nonviolent, direct action.Other students “sat-in” at the administration buildings and organized “Free University” classes.The California governor called hundreds of police to the campus.800 students were arrested.Graduate students organized a strike and closed the university.The teachers and professors voted to change the rule that violate the 1st and 14th Amendments.The young people’s “Free Speech Movement” began with success.---“counter culture”(反主流文化)In the wake of the Free Speech Movement and the New Left appeared a phenomenon that historians called the “counter culture”.The Counter Culture rejected capitalism and other American principles.They had morals different from taught by their parents.Some groups of youth tried to construct different ways of life.Among the most famous were the hippies(嬉皮士).They sought new experience through dropping out, drugs.But it was music, rock music in particular, that became the chief vehicle for the counter cultural assault on traditional American society.The counter culture exerted a great influence upon people’s attitudes toward social mores, marriage, career, and success.---The Anti-War Movement(against the war in Vietnam) V.Women’s Liberation MovementThe women’s movement in the 1960s was started by three groups of women and an accident.---1.a group of professional women who were appointed to a Commission on the Status of Women(妇女地位委员会)by President Kennedy in 1961.---2.white housewives and mothers who read Betty Friedan’s(贝蒂•弗里丹)book, The Feminine Mystique《女性之迷》, published in 1963.---3.young activists(激进主义分子, 行动主义分子)in the civil rights and anti-war movements.NOW((美国)全国妇女组织) ---With the publication of The Feminine Mystique in 1963, Betty Friedan became the chief spokesperson of the Women’s Liberation Movement.In her book, she compared the American family, or the American society as a whole, to a “comfortable concentration camp”, where women were discriminated against and oppressed.In 1966, she helped to found the National Organization for Women(NOW).A reform organization, NOW battle d for “equal rights in partnership with men.”Canada: The Country and its PeopleI.A brief introduction of Canada(the geography, population, culture, economy, languages etc.)1)the 2nd largest country in size with a small population,2)has spectacular scenery of mountains, oceans, forests and prairies3)has a lively and rich culture4)one of the Big Seven(US, UK.Germany, France, Japan, Italy and Canada)in economy;has the best standards of living5)most Canadians live in the south of the country, along the 49th parallels(纬度)6)two official languages: English and French7)first become a political entity(政治实体)in 1867 and did not assume its present shape until 1949(直到1949年才具有目前的规模)(National Day: July 1st)II.The Canadian identity---It refers to something which is distinctively Canadian, which is different from other countries, and which is the very reason for making Canada so special.For example, two official languages of English and French can be considered as part of the Canadian identity.III.The regions of Canada---Motto: Canada stretches “from sea to sea” with the Pacific Ocean along the west coast and the Atlantic Ocean on the east coast---share with the U.S.the longest undefended national border in the world(加拿大和美国共享着世界上最长的不设防国界), a symbol of their good relations---consists of 10 provinces and 3 territories1.The north region of Canada---Canada extends up north into the Arctic Circle(北极圈)to the North pole.The north is a scarcely populated area of ice and oceans，which is sometimes called “the Land of the M idnight Sun”（午夜太阳之地）.This region is currently divided into three administrative territories—the Yukon(育空地区), the Northwest Territories and Nunavat（努勒维特地区a territory carved from eastern part of the original Northwest Territories in 1999）.And most of the inhabitants are Aboriginal people.The traditionaleconomy in this region was based on hunting and trapping animals for food and pelts, but now oil and gas deposits are also being developed.2.the west（西部1省）---the western-most province is British Columbia(布列颠哥伦比亚省)with 3 major mountain ranges running through it, among which the largest in ke Louise(路易斯湖), located in the Rockies, is the most famous image of the Canadian landscape （加拿大风景最突出的代表）.BC is Canada’s 2nd largest producer of hydroelectric power.However, its main economic mainstay(支柱)is its forests.It has the most valuable forestry industry.3.The Prairies(草原3省)---The prairie provinces of Alberta(阿尔伯塔省), Saskatchewan(萨斯喀彻温省)and Manitoba(马尼托巴省）lie east of the Rockies(落基山脉).The prairies are flat and featureless and have a harsh continental climate.They are called the breadbasket(胃, 腹）of Canada because the land is well-suited to farming, and wheat is one of the biggest agricultural crops in this area.The prairies are also rich in energy resources.4.Central Canada(2省)---Central Canada, Ontario(安大略省)and Quebec（魁北克省）, are the parts of the country that were first settled.They are the industrial heartland of the country and are also the most densely populated provinces.They have the largest cities like Tor onto in Ontario, and the country’s 2nd largest city Montreal(蒙特利尔)in Quebec.The capital of the country Ottawa is also in Ontario.5.The Maritimes（滨海诸省：4个省）(the Atlantic regions)---The Atlantic provinces of New Brunswick(新不伦瑞克省), Nova Scotia（新斯科省the first part of Canada to be settled in 1604）, Prince Edward Island（爱德华太子岛省）andNewfoundland（纽芬兰省the last province to join Canada in 1949）are also known as the Maritimes.They are small in population and largely rely on the fishing industry for their economic wealth.They are rich in farming and forestry products and are quite popular tourist attractions.IV.The history1.the First Nations(the Aboriginal people)---the native Indians with rich cultures and highly developed societies.2.European settlement in Canada---Settlement by European began in the 17th century.French colonists first settled Canada.The earliest major settlements were established in Nova Scotia in 1604 and Quebec in 1608.During earlier settlements, the French set the Company of New France and Britai n founded the Hudson’s Bay Company to facilitate trade.3.In 1867 Canada was born when Quebec, Ontario, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia all join together into a confederation.The Government and Politics of CanadaI.Canada’s political system1.Canada’s politic al system was greatly influenced by the two major foreign forces: Britain and America.2.American ideas influenced the Canadian system to some degree.For example, freedom of speech and freedom of information are much valued in contemporary Canada.So, Canadian society appears to be similar to American society, but they are different.While the US was founded on the idea of individualism---Americans aspire to “life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness”---Canadians chose to found a nation based on “peace, order and good government”.In other words, for Canadians, the well-being and liberty of individuals must sometimes be sacrificed for the greater good of the community.3.Canadian society allows a highdegree of tolerance of different values and customs.4.To find a workable balance between community and individual rights has been the central concern of Canadian policy-makers.5.It attempts to reconcile the two communities of English-speaking Canada and French-speaking Canada.II.Canada’s system of government1.based on the British system of parliamentary democracy, referred to as “Westminster-style” democracy英格兰东南部大伦敦的一个市区，位于泰晤士河岸。
英文作文的outline
英文作文的outline英文：Outline for English Essay。
I. Introduction。
A. Hook: Start with an interesting fact or statistic about bilingualism。
B. Background information on the topic。
C. Thesis statement: Bilingualism has many benefits and challenges, and it is important to understand both in order to fully appreciate its impact on individuals and society.II. Benefits of Bilingualism。
A. Cognitive benefits。
1. Example: Bilingual individuals have better problem-solving skills and higher cognitive flexibility.2. Example: Studies have shown that bilingualism can delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease.B. Cultural benefits。
1. Example: Bilingual individuals have a deeper understanding of different cultures and are able to communicate with a wider range of people.2. Example: Being bilingual can open up more job opportunities, especially in a globalized world.III. Challenges of Bilingualism。
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撰写essay之前，好的outline对你撰写正文内容具有很强的指导作用。
不管你要撰写的是什么类型的文章，outline 都是非常必要（通常情况下也是必须的）。
接下来的内容对撰写提纲有很大帮助。
1.明确文章的主旨。
一篇文章都有其所要表达主旨。
选择一个最终主旨不仅能引导你主题的方向，还有助于你有逻辑的组织文章。
比如你在写论文，写下能够概括文章主旨的中心思想，以帮助你确定主旨：
•比较和对照两个事物。
•列出因果
•阐明或分析一个特殊方面
•列出单个或两者的论证
•提供证据并得出结论
•列出问题然后提供解决方案
2.收集辅助材料。
这些被收集来的材料可能来自引用他人成果、数据统计、理论、实验结果等。
通过收集材料，明确这些材料使用，这些东西可能会体现在essay outline中。
3.决定如何安排辅助论证来支撑主旨。
举例：如果你在呈现一个历史概述，你可以按年代来排序；如果你在辩论文学方面内容，你可能要按主题排序；如果你处在某观点立场的两级徘徊时，你可以先列出和你立场有矛盾的证据，然后用反论证消除达到有说服力的结果。
4.撰写主题提纲或者句子提纲。
如果文章非常灵活多变，那么你可以用利用一些短语作为主题大纲；用句子大纲阐述细节。
•一般来说你可以尝试先用主题提纲来开始你的提纲撰写，然后再逐步转变成句子提纲。
5.确定主要类别。
根据文章的主旨和找到的辅助材料来决定把全文的大主题分散整理到不同逻辑类别。
这些类别将会被标记成罗马数字来形成提纲的第一步。
•当写文章时，通常会用一个大点去代表一个段落：比如，一、文章的开头段，二、主体段落的第一段，等等。
例如，如果描写飞机历史发展史的概论，每一个大点就该包括各个飞机历史上的时期。
6.确定论点。
每个分类至少想两个论点，根据你文章的主旨和你之前收集的论据材料来选择你的分论点。
这些分论点就是你提纲的第二个层级。
一般它们是用英文字母标示的。
（比如A、B、C 等等）
•让你的第二层级比你的第一层级缩进1.27到2.54厘米
•还是用飞机发展史历史的例子，每一个分点就可以描写那个时代的发动机型号
7.根据需要确定中心论点的分论点。
如果有必要的话，你可以在中心论点上确定分论点。
这么做会最大化你文章的逻辑性。
再把这些分论点放在你提纲的第三层，并用阿拉伯数字标示。
（1、2、3、4 等等）
•为了方便标识，你可以在下一层用小写罗马字符（i、 ii、 iii、 iv等等），接着用小写英文字母（a、b、 c、d等等），最后可以用回阿拉伯数字（1、2、3、4，等等）
•在写提纲时基本上不需要四个层级。
如果出现这类状况，试着合并论点。
8.把材料放进提纲里。
通过使用罗马数字的分级来整理你的分类，论点和分论点以便向读者阐明你的主旨。
经过上面几部，essay outline基本成型了。
先忙提供一篇essay outline范文供参考！
essay outline 范例
I. Thesis: Japanese theater rose from a popular to elite and then returned to a popular art form. •II. Early theatrical forms
A. Bugaku
B. Sarugaku
C. Primitive Noh
D. Authors and Audience
•III. Noh theater
A. Authors
B. Props
1. Masks
a. women
b. demons
c. old men
2. Structure of Stage
C. Themes
1. Buddhist influence
2. The supernatural
D. Kyogen interludes
E. Audience
IV. Kabuki
A. Authors
B. Props
1. make-up
2. special effects
C. Themes
1. Love stories
2. Revenge
D. Audience
V. Bunraku (puppet) theater
A. Authors
B. Props
C. Themes
1. Love stories
2. Historical romances
D. Audience
VI. Conclusion。