英语泛读教程3第三册课文翻译UNIT13
大学英语三泛读课文翻译
大学英语三泛读课文翻译美国男性—The American Man我们不厌其烦地谈论“美国男人”，似乎他们身上存在着某种几十年或者十年恒常不变的品质。
当今的美国男人不再是1630年来到新英格兰的快乐的农民了。
他们不再是老脑筋，他们不再以内向的性格为荣，他们不会坐在没有取暖设备的教堂里连做三遍祷告。
在南方，富裕的受母亲制约的种植园主也发展壮大了，但这两种“美国男人”都不像之后东北部发达起来的贪婪的铁路承包商。
而不计后果、为所欲为的西部文明移民也不像他们。
即使在我们自己的年代，公认的模范也发生了戏剧性的变化。
举个例子说，在20世纪50年代，这样一种美国人越来越凸显出来，成为大多数人认可的模范。
这就是50年代的男人。
上班起早贪黑，干活尽职尽责，养家糊口，遵规守纪。
里根就是这类人的典型——固执而坚忍不拔。
这类人弄不懂女人的心，却颇为赏识女人的身体；他们的文化观和文化观的美国部分幼稚而乐观。
他们大都有坚忍不拔、信心十足的品质，但在他们魅力十足、虚张声势的外表下，还有另外的三个特征：孤立、清贫、被动。
他们需要通过自己的敌人来证明自己还活着。
50年代的男人喜欢橄榄球，好斗，他们维护美国，从不流泪，只是默默奉献。
但在这些男人的身上，善于接纳和对人友善的品质消失了。
他们的个性缺乏洋溢感。
他们还缺乏同情心，正是这点怂恿了他们对越战的狂热；就像后来的里根，他的头脑中缺乏那种我们称之为“和平之心”的东西，这使得他对萨尔瓦多那些手无寸铁的人，对这里的老人、失业者、上学的孩子，乃至对穷人都铁石心肠、残暴野蛮。
50年代的男人清楚地知道男人该是什么样，男人的职责是什么，但他们自身孤立和片面的观念弄得他们危机四伏。
到了60年代，又出现了另外一类男人。
越战的荒废和暴虐让他们质疑，自已是否真的知道一个成年男人是什么样子?如果成年等于越战，他们对成年还有一丝一毫的向往吗?同时，女权运动激励男人们开始真切地审视女人，迫使他们开始理解50年代男人苦苦逃避的担忧和苦楚。
英语泛读教程3上课文+译文（Unit1-7）
Unit 11 TextInvented WordsNew words appear in English every day. Do you know how these words are born? Read the following passage to find various ways English words are invented.Scholars guess that English has about 600 000 words, but there are probably more. New words continue to come into the language at such a rate that no dictionary could possibly keep up with them. The old words which were born centuries ago in the Anglo-Saxon, Germanic and French languages make up four fifths of the English language. The other one fifth is made up partly of borrowed words and partly of three other kinds of words: words from the names of peoples and places; imitative words; and invented words.Ampere, volt and watt are all units of electricity, and they are named for the men who discovered them; Andre M. Ampere, a French physicist; Alessandro Volta, an Italian physicist; and James Watt, a Scottish engineer and inventor. Nowadays we all drink pasteurized milk, that is, milk which is clean and purified. Pasteurized gets its name from Louis Pasteur, a French doctor who invented the process for purifying milk. There are many words like this in the English language.There is no need to say anything else about these words, for they speak for themselves. You can probably think of many more.Then there are the invented words. English-speaking people have always made up words as it suited them, and they continue to do so every day. One kind of invented word is one which is made up of two other words. Dictionaries call this kind of word a compound. If you put "play" and "thing" together, you get the compound,whole words. Most prefixes and suffixes come from Latin or Greek, and each has a special meaning of its own. When we add a prefix before a word or a suffix at the end of it, we change its meaning. For example, the prefix re- means "again." If we add re- to "do" or "paint", we get two new words meaning "do again" and "paint again." Un- means "the opposite of" or "not." By adding un- to "happy" or "kind", we get "unhappy" or "unkind", meaning "not happy" and "not kind." The suffix -ness means "the condition of." "Happiness" and "kindness" are the conditions of being happy and kind. It is easy to see the meanings of unhappiness and unkindness. The word to which we attach the prefixes and suffixes is called the root word. In a word like unkindness the root word is kind.Some words, like astronaut, are made up entirely of Greek or Latin prefixes and suffixes. Astro- is a Greek prefix meaning "having to do with the stars"; naut- means "having to do with sailing." So, an astronaut is a "star-sailor." Other words can be root words, prefixes or suffixes, depending on where they come in the word. Remember, the prefix comes first, the root word second, and the suffix last. As an example, let's take the word "graph" and build several different invented words with it by adding prefixes and suffixes to it or using it as a prefix or suffix. Graph by itself means anything which is shown to us in pictures or writing. For instance, your teacher might want to keep track of your reading progress by drawing a graph of your reading test scores, or a businessman might draw graphs which show the ups and downs of his company's sales records. Now, by adding the prefixes and suffixes listed below to graph, we can make several new words. Notice that graph is part of aYou may have noticed that you can make even other words using some of these prefixes and suffixes without graph. "Biology" is the study of life. What do you think is the meaning of "biologic"? If the prefix anti- means "against," what does "antibiotic" really mean? There are hundreds of Latin and Greek prefixes in the English language, and the possibilities for inventing new words are endless. Every day, as we make new discoveries in science and technology, we invent new words to describe them. Many of these new words are combinations of root words and prefixes and suffixes which have already existed in English for centuries.Another kind of invented word is the nonsense word. Some nonsense words are used for a while by only a few people and then disappear completely from the language, never to be used again. Others, when they become popular enough and are used over a period of time, become a permanent part of the language. If enough people decide and agree on the meaning of an invented word, it is here to stay. Some examples of everyday modern words which probably began as nonsense words centuries ago are: bad, big, lad, lass, chat, job and fun. Linguists guess that these are nonsense words because they have not been able to trace them back to any of the ancestor languages. Just who invented them, and when or where remains a puzzle. Puzzle itself is one of these mystery words. No one knows where it came from.Lewis Carroll, author of Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass, was a great inventor of nonsense words. As a matter of fact, he created a whole language of nonsense. Most of Carroll's nonsense words are not used in English, except for "chortle." Chortle, Carroll tells us, is a cross between a chuckle and a snort. The word is formed by packing two different meanings together in it. The dictionary calls such words blends. A fairly recent blend, which, unfortunately, we hear almost every day, is "smog," a combination of smoke and fog.People invent nonsense words by combining certain sounds that just seem to fit the things or actions they describe. Often we make up words for anything which is basically rather silly. Spoof was invented by an English comedian some fifty years ago. It means "to poke fun at." Hornswoggle was used a great deal in the United States during the nineteenth century, and it means "to cheat." If a dishonest politician wants to hornswoggle the taxpayers, he invents a "boondoggle," which is a useless, expensive project which does nobody any good. Fairly recently someone invented the word "gobbledygook." When people talk or write using long, fancy words that really mean nothing, we call it gobbledygook. Unfortunately, many people use gobbledygook because they want to seem more important than they are, or because they don't really want people to understand what they mean or what they are doing. So, when the dishonest politician wants to hornswoggle the public with a boondoggle, he usually explains things in gobbledygook.When Lewis Carroll was writing his books the word gobbledygook had not been invented yet, but Carroll would have known exactly what it meant. Carroll loved to spoof or poke fun at people who used fancy, important-sounding words when simple language would have done better. In one part of Through the Looking Glass, Alice has a conversation with Humpty Dumpty in which Humpty Dumpty insists words can mean whatever he wants them to mean. Alice insists that this is impossible. If everyone did that no one would understand anyone else. The conversation goes like this:"But 'glory' doesn't mean 'a nice knockdown argument'," Alice objected."When I use a word," Humpty Dumpty said, in rather a scornful tone, "it means just what I choose it to mean －neither more nor less.""The question is," said Alice, "whether you can make words mean so many different things.""The question is," said Humpty Dumpty, "which is to be the master －that's all."The question is, just as Humpty Dumpty said, which is to be master. But Humpty Dumpty used words in an odd way, and that made him a master of gobbledygook, not a master of language. A master of language knows what words really mean, and where they come from; knows when to use big, important ones and when to use the shorter, equally important simple ones. Winston Churchill was a great British prime minister. He was also a great writer, truly a master of language. He said once, "Short words are best, and old words when they are short, are best of all."(1545 words) 译文：新造词英语中每天都有新词出现。
新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第三册Units1-4课文翻译
第一单元永不放弃1 英国的伟大首相温斯顿丘吉尔爵士：小时候在哈罗公学上学。
当时他可不是个好学生：要不是出身名门：他可能早就因为违反纪律被开除了。
谢天谢地：他总算从哈罗毕业了：在那里犯下的错误并没有影响到他上大学。
后来：他凭着军旅生涯中的杰出变现当选为英国首相。
他的才思、智慧、公民责任感以及在二战痛苦而黑暗的时期拒绝投降的无畏勇气：为他赢得了美名。
他非凡的决心：不仅激励了整个民族：还鼓舞了全世界。
2在他首相任期即将结束时：他应邀前往母校哈罗公学：为满怀报国之志的同学们做演讲。
校长说~校长说；“年轻的先生们：当代最伟大的演说家过几天就会你们演讲：他提出的任何中肯的建议：你们都要听从。
”那个激动人心的日子终于到了。
温斯顿伯爵站了起来——他只有5英尺5英寸高：体重却有107公斤。
他做了言简意赅的讲话：永不放弃：永不：永不：永不：永不，“3 个人经历、教育机会、个人困境：这些都不能阻挡一个全力以赴追求成功的、有着坚强意志的人。
任务再苦：准备再长：难度再大：都不能让他放弃自己的追求。
就以本时代最有学问的两位科学家——阿尔伯特?爱因斯坦和托马斯?.爱迪生为例：他们都曾面临巨大的障碍和极端的批评：都曾被说成“不开窍”：被老师当成笨蛋：而放弃。
托马斯爱迪生还曾逃学：老师因为嫌他问的问题太多而经常鞭打他。
爱因斯坦一直到将近9岁才能流利的说话：学习成绩太差：有些人认为他都已经学不好了。
然而：这两个男孩的父母都相信他们：他们坚持不懈的每天和儿子一起努力：孩子们也了解到：要想成功就绝不要怕付出长期而艰辛的努力。
最终：爱因斯坦和爱迪生都摆脱了童年的困扰：进而做出了造福当今全世界的伟大发现。
4 再如亚伯拉罕?林肯这个英雄的典范：他一生面临了无数艰辛：失败和接二连三的不幸。
他的出身和经历真是一点也算不上光鲜：他在一个非常贫困的家庭长大：只受过一年正规教育：轻伤两度失败初恋爱人的突然离世也使他精神崩溃：还在八次政治选举中落马。
此后他的4个孩子有3个不幸去世：令他悲痛欲绝。
英语泛读教程3第三版 课文翻译(Text1--1-7单元)
UNIT 1 创造性思维的艺术约翰·阿代尔创造性对人类发展至美重要。
下面的文章里，约翰·阿代尔为求实的创造性思维者提供了一些颇有见地的见解和技巧。
创造性思维在今天的重要性不需要强调。
在你的职业中或工作领域,如果你能够发展提出新思想的能力,你就有竞争优势。
在你的个人生活中，创造性思维也能将你带上创新活动之路。
它可以丰富你的人生,尽管并非总是以你期待的方式。
人类创造力人类不可能凭空创造东西。
有一次，一位来宾极为仔细地参观了亨利·福特的汽车公司，然后见到了福特。
来宾心中充满了惊奇和崇敬，他对这位实业家说:“福特先生，25年前起家时几乎一无所有的人，不可能实现这一切。
”福特回答说，“这个说法可不太对。
每个人都是靠所有拥有的东西来起家。
这里什么都有——所需要的一切,它们的基本点和实质性的东西都已存在。
”潜在的材料，也就是可以做成或建构成某种东西的元素之成分或者实质的材料，都已存在于我们的宇宙。
你可能已经注意到,我们倾向于将创造性这个词用在与使用的原材料很不一样的产品上。
鲁宾斯的一幅名作，就是蓝色、红色、黄色和绿色的蠕虫般颜料在艺术家画板上的集合。
物质材料，对艺术家来说是颜料和画布;对作家来说是纸和笔——完全是次要的。
这里的创造，更多的是在大脑之中。
感知、思想和感觉都在一种观念或想象中结合起来。
当然，艺术家、作家或作曲家还需要使用技巧和技术，在画布或纸上把头脑中构想出来的东西塑造成型。
和普通意义上的创造性一样，创造性思维遵循同样的原则。
我们的创造性想象必须有可以加工的对象。
我们不能凭空产生新的思想。
如上面福特所说的那样，原材料都在那里。
有创造力的大脑在原材料中看到可能性和相关性,而创造力不强的大脑却看不到。
这一结论让我们大大地松了一口气。
你不用凭空构想新的想法。
作为创造性思维者,你的任务是将已经存在的想法或元素组合在一起。
如果最终把人们从未想过可以联系起来的想法或事物，用看似不可能却很有价值的方式组合起来，那人们就会认为你是创造性思维者。
英语泛读教程3第三册课文翻译UNIT11
英语泛读教程3第三册课文翻译UNIT11unit11非言语交际话语的影响力受说话的方式影响。
在讲话的时候，非言语交际是一个至关重要的因素，你可在适当的情况下使用适当的面部和身体动作。
设想你在参加一个晚会。
晚会期间你对周围的人有了种种印象。
艾伦看上去悠然自得，性情平和。
玛格丽特却是神经紧张，性格暴躁。
卡伦落落大方，直言快语；而埃米却是心存芥蒂，言含糊其辞。
埃里克很高兴见到你，但马克显然不是。
你是怎样得出这些结论的?令人吃惊的是，你得出这些结论并不是基于人们说了些什么话，而是由于他们以非言语方式，dd即通过他们的姿势、手势，和面部表情所表达出来的东西。
假设你坐在马克旁边，他说，“这个晚会太棒了。
非常高兴今晚能和你在一起。
”然而，他的身体却微微挪到一边，并不断地看屋子对面的某个人。
不管他嘴上如何说，你知道那晚他并不高兴和你在一起。
演讲时也经常发生类似的事情。
下面的故事是关于一个学生在课堂上的前两次演讲，以及他在每次演讲中的非言语行为的影响：丹奥康纳的第一次演讲并不很成功。
尽管他事先选择了一个很有趣的话题，做过仔细的研究，并非常认真地练习过，他却没有考虑到非言语交际的重要性。
轮到他讲时，他的脸掠过惊恐的神色。
他像个死囚犯似的从椅子上站起来，步履沉缓地走上讲台，那样子像是走向断头台。
他说的相当不错，可演讲的同时他的那双手却自行其事。
他的手一会儿摆弄他的演讲稿，一会儿抚弄衬衫上的扣子，一会儿又在讲台上敲打。
整个演讲过程丹低着头，并不断地看表。
不管他嘴里在讲什么，他的身体在表明，“我可不想在这儿！”终于完成了。
丹跑到座位上，瘫倒在座位上，松了一口气。
不用说，他的演讲不是很成功。
幸运的是，人们指出他在非言语交际方面的问题时，丹认真地去改正。
他的下一次演讲就完全两样。
这次他从座位上站起来，迈着大步很自信地跨上讲台。
他控制着双手，集中注意力与听众进行目光接触。
这确实是个进步，因为丹和上次一样紧张。
不过，他发现自己越是显得自信，就越变得自信。
unit 13 文档 (2) 英语泛读教程第三册
Unit 13 Morals, Apes and Us2.Mastery of some language points3. Learning the ways of nonverbal communication4. Learning the importance of the nonverbal communication5. Learning how to improve the effect of the speech-giving2. Mastery of some difficult language points3. Learning the ways of nonverbal communicationcommunication2. Students might have difficulty in some of the words and phrases.3.Students need a lot of practice to improve the effect of the speech-givingAbout two periods of class will be used for the analysis and discussion of the passage itself.Total class hours: three periodsAbout the author:MARC D. HAUSER is an evolutionary psychologist, and a professor at Harvard University where he is a fellow of the Mind, Brain, and Behavior Program. He is a professor in the departments of Anthropology and Psychology, as well as the Program in Neurosciences. He is the author of The Evolution of Communication , and Wild Minds: What Animals ThinkHauser argues that to understand what animals think and what they feel, we must ask about the kinds of selection pressures which shaped their minds and see the creature for what it is, no more, no less. Using the tools of evolutionary biology, linguistics, neuroscience, and cognitive science, he asks questions such as: Why can't animals be taught to speak? How do animals find their way home in the dark? Do animals lie or feel guilty? Do they enjoy sex? Why were emotions designed into animal systems?Why are certain emotions universal and others highly specialized?Hauser works on both captive and wild monkeys and apes as well as collaborative work on human infants. His research focuses on problems of acoustic perception, the generation of beliefs, the neurobiology of acoustic and visual signal processing, and the evolution of communication.Along with Irv Devore, he teaches the Evolution of Human Behavior class, a Core Course at Harvard with 500 undergraduate students. The interdisciplinary course, “Science B29” (nickname: “The Sex Course”), has been runn ing for 30 years, was started by Devore and Robert Trivers, and is the second most popular course on campus, behind “Econ 10”.Section teachers over the years comprise a who's who of leading thinkers and include people such as John Tooby and Leda Cosmides, and Sarah B. Hardy. In 1997-98, he sponsored a trial run of “Edge University” in which the students in Science B29 received Edge mailing as part of required reading in the course.2. Text analysis1) Warm-up question:What significance do you think the scientific experiments on animals have?2)Language notes:1. The event captured the nation's heart as newspaper headlines blared:“Gorilla Saves Boy.”(这件事打动了全国人的心，各大报纸的标题都赫然标着?“大猩猩救男孩”。
英语专业泛读教程第三册单词汇unit13
英语专业泛读教程第三册单词汇unit13remedy ['remidi] vt. 补救；治疗；纠正∙n. 补救；治疗；赔偿remedy for补救，解决；对…治疗法sovereign remedy◎灵药；特效药, ◎防止各种坏事的万灵方；灵丹妙药legal remedy法律补偿folk remedy偏方adj. remedial 治疗的；补救的；矫正的remediable 可治疗的；可矫正的；可补救的n. remediation 补救；矫正；补习subconsciously [,sʌb'kɔnʃəsli] adv. 潜意识地Whether Consciously Or Subconsciously不论有意识还无意识adj. subconscious 潜意识的；下意识的n. subconscious 潜在意识；下意识心理活动subconsciousness 潜意识；下意识状态deliberately [di'libərətli] adv. 故意地；谨慎地；慎重地Deliberately lovely独立流行Deliberately Innovation刻意创新adj. deliberate 故意的；深思熟虑的；从容的deliberative 审议的；慎重的n. deliberateness 审慎；故意；深思熟虑vt. deliberate 仔细考虑；商议optimism ['ɔptimizəm] n. 乐观；乐观主义convert [kən'və:t] vt. 使转变；转换…；使…改变信仰∙vi. 转变，变换；皈依；改变信仰∙n. 皈依者；改变宗教信仰者convert into使转变；把…转化成；折合adj. convertible 可改变的；同意义的；可交换的converted 修改的；改变信仰的n. conversion 转换；变换；[金融] 兑换；改变信仰converter [电] 变流器，整流器；转化器convertible 有活动折篷的汽车convertibility 可变换，可兑换；可改变性conceal [kən'si:l] vt. 隐藏；隐瞒n. concealment 隐藏，隐蔽；隐匿处concealer 遮瑕膏/遮瑕霜snap [snæp] vt. 突然折断，拉断；猛咬；啪地关上∙vi. 咬；厉声说；咯嗒一声关上∙n. 猛咬；劈啪声；突然折断∙adj. 突然的in a snap马上，立刻snap up抢购，匆匆吃下，抢先弄到手；锁键调节式cold snap寒流，寒潮snap at v. 咬；抓；厉声说snap out快速脱离；流出snap out of 从…中摆脱出来snap out of it振作起来; 突然改变情绪; 行动起来; 摆脱adj. snappy 厉声说话的；生气勃勃的；时髦的；爽快的snappish 厉声说话的；暴躁的n. snapper 鲷鱼；揿钮；咬人的狗；暴燥的人elaborate [i'læbərət, i'læbəreit] adj. 精心制作的；详尽的；煞费苦心的∙vt. 精心制作；详细阐述；从简单成分合成（复杂有机物）∙vi. 详细描述；变复杂abstract elaborate简洁的Please Elaborate请详细解释一下; 请详细介绍; 请详细阐述elaborate on详细说明adv. elaborately 精巧地；苦心经营地n. elaboration 苦心经营，精巧；详细阐述elaborateness 尽心竭力persist [pə'sist, -'zist] vi. 存留，坚持；持续，固执∙vt. 坚持说，反复说Problems Persist问题依然存在; 问题仍然存在persist:持续persist in坚持; 固执; 坚持不懈; 持续adj. persistent 固执的，坚持的；持久稳固的adv. persistently 坚持地；固执地n. perseverance 坚持不懈；不屈不挠persistence 持续；固执；存留perseveration 持续言语（指言语反复不止的病态）；持续重复的行为；执拗vi. perseverate 患持续言语症；表现固执urinary ['juərinəri] n. 尿壶；小便池（等于urinal）∙adj. 尿的；泌尿的n. urinal 尿壶；小便处vi. urinate 小便，撒尿urinary frequency 尿频diarrhea [,daiə'riə] n. 腹泻，痢疾adj.diarrheal 腹泻的diarrheic 腹泻的（等于diarrheal）diarrhoeal 腹泻的peptic ['peptik] adj. 有助消化的∙n. 消化器官ulcer ['ʌlsə] n. [病理] 溃疡；腐烂物；道德败坏adj. ulcerative 溃疡性的；引起溃疡的ulcerated 得溃疡的；溃烂的ulcerous 溃疡性的；患溃疡的n. ulceration 溃疡；[病理] 溃疡形成v. ulcerated 溃烂（ulcerate的过去式和过去分词）vi. ulcerate 形成溃疡，溃烂vt. ulcerate 使溃疡；使腐败peptic ulcer [内科] 消化性溃疡vaccine ['væksi:n] n. 疫苗；牛痘苗∙adj. 疫苗的；牛痘的n. vaccination 接种疫苗；种痘vaccinate 被接种牛痘者vaccinator 牛痘接种员；种痘刀vi. vaccinate 接种疫苗vt. vaccinate 给…注射疫苗eczema ['eksimə] n. [皮肤] 湿疹colitis [kɔ'laitis] n. [内科] 结肠炎ulcerative colitis溃疡性结肠炎asthma ['æsmə, 'æz-] n. [内科][中医] 哮喘，气喘adj. asthmatic 气喘的；似患气喘的n. asthmatic 气喘患者palpitation [,pælpi'teiʃən] n. [内科] 心悸；跳动；颤动stirring palpitation悸动Palpitations palpitation心悸Know Palpitation认识心悸adj. palpitant 颤抖的；悸动的vi. palpitate 发抖；（心脏）悸动；跳动vt. palpitate 使发抖disturbance [di'stə:bəns] n. 干扰；骚乱；忧虑external disturbance外扰，外部干扰emotional disturbance情绪困扰metabolic disturbance [生理]代谢紊乱adj. disturbing 令人不安的；烦扰的disturbed 扰乱的；为心理失常者而设的n. disturber 打扰者；干扰发射机v. disturbing 干扰；打断（disturb的ing形式）disturbed 干扰（disturb的过去分词）vi. disturb 打扰；妨碍vt. disturb 打扰；妨碍；使不安；弄乱；使恼怒disturbance of sleep 失眠hive [haiv] vi. 群居；入蜂房；生活在蜂房中∙n. 蜂房，蜂巢；热闹的场所；熙攘喧闹的人群∙vt. 入蜂箱；贮备hive off脱离编制；分出bed hive蜂箱; 蜂房hives [haivz] n. 蜂巢，蜂房（hive的复数）；[皮肤] 荨麻疹；假膜性喉头炎∙v. 使（蜜蜂）入蜂箱（hive的第三人称单数）malinger [mə'liŋɡə] vi. 装病以逃避职责malingery [mə'liŋgəri] n. 装病malingerer [mə'liŋgərə] n. 装病逃差者Malingerer [conscious simulation假装有病的人manifest ['mænifest] vt. 证明，表明；显示∙vi. 显示，出现∙n. 载货单，货单；旅客名单∙adj. 显然的，明显的；明白manifest need显性需求manifest destiny天定命运adv. manifestly 显然地；明白地n. manifestation 表现；显示；示威运动recipe ['resipi] n. 食谱；[临床] 处方；秘诀standard recipe标准配方; 标准食谱secret recipe[医]秘方; 食之秘; 秘密配方Folk Recipe土方; [医]民间验方recipe for disaster造成灾难的因素formulating of recipe配方设计recipe book配方书；食谱书alter ['ɔ:ltə] vt. 改变，更改∙vi. 改变；修改alter ego n. 密友；个性的另一面；至交adj. altered 改变了的；蚀变的alterative （趋于）改变的；变质的；使体质逐渐康复的；有改变体质作用的alterable 可改变的n. alteration 修改，改变；变更altered 为参加短程高速汽车赛而改装的赛车alterative 变质剂；体质改善疗法alterability 可更改性，可变更性influenza [,influ'enzə] n. [内科] 流行性感冒（简写flu）；家畜流行性感冒influenza a virus甲型流感病毒influenza virus流感病毒pneumonia [nju:'məunjə] n. 肺炎atypical pneumonia [医]非典型性肺bacterial pneumonia细菌性肺炎adj. pneumonic 肺的；肺炎的chronic ['krɔnik] adj. 慢性的；长期的；习惯性的adv. chronically 长期地；慢性地；习惯性地acute [ə'kju:t] adj. 严重的，[医] 急性的；敏锐的；激烈的；尖声的adv. acutely 尖锐地；剧烈地n. acuteness 剧烈；敏锐；锐利bronchitis [brɔŋ'kaitis] n. [内科] 支气管炎chronic bronchitis慢性支气管炎acute bronchitis急性支气管炎adj. bronchial 支气管的bronchitic 支气管炎的bronchoscopic 支气管镜的n. bronchodilator [内科][药] 支气管扩张剂；支气管扩张器tuberculosis [tju:,bə:kju'ləusis] n. 肺结核；结核病pulmonary tuberculosis [医]肺结核renal tuberculosis n. 肾结核adj. tubercular 结核的；[医] 结节的；瘤状的tuberculate 结核性的；长有小瘤的tuberculoid 类似结节的；结核样的tuberculous 结节状的；有结节的；患结核病的n. tuberculin [免疫] 结核菌素cholera ['kɔlərə] n. [内科] 霍乱adj. choleraic 霍乱的；霍乱性的；类似霍乱scarlet ['skɑ:lət] n. 猩红色；红衣；绯红色；鲜红色布adj. 深红的；鲜红色的；罪孽深重的；淫荡的scarlet fever [内科] 猩红热syphilis ['sifəlis] n. [性病] 梅毒allergy ['ælədʒi] n. 过敏症；反感；厌恶food allergy食物过敏，食品过敏；食物变态反应adj. allergic 对…过敏的；对…极讨厌的allergenic 引起过敏症的n. allergen [医] 过敏原allergist 过敏症专科医师insomnia [in'sɔmniə] n. 失眠症，失眠dyspepsia [dis'pepsiə] n. [内科] 消化不良；胃弱adj. dyspeptic 消化不良的；患胃病的；胃弱的dysgenic 非优生学的；对人类有不良影响的dysplastic 发育不良的；发育异常的；[基医] 混合体型n. dyspeptic 消化不良者rabies ['reibi:z] n. [内科] 狂犬病，恐水病rabies vaccine狂犬病疫苗rabies virus狂犬病病毒jaundice ['dʒɔ:ndis] n. 黄疸；偏见；乖僻∙vt. 使怀偏见；使患黄疸adj. jaundiced 有偏见的；患黄疸病的migraine ['mi:ɡrein, 'mai-] n. [内科] 偏头痛leprosy ['leprəsi] n. 麻疯病；腐败adj. leprous 不洁的；麻疯病的；患麻疯病的；鳞状的anemia [ə'ni:miə] n. 贫血；贫血症adj. anemic 患贫血症的，贫血的hemorrhage ['heməridʒ] n. [病理] 出血（等于haemorrhage）；番茄汁∙vt. [病理] 出血∙vi. [病理] 出血external hemorrhage外出血adj. hemorrhagic 出血的apoplexy ['æpəupleksi] n. [医] 中风adj. apoplectic 中风的；易怒的n. apoplectic 中风患者coma ['kəumə] n. [医] 昏迷；[天] 彗形像差in a coma陷于昏迷ricket ['rikit] n. 大错；失风；佝偻病arthritis [ɑ:'θraitis] n. [外科] 关节炎adj. arthritic 关节炎的n. arthritic [外科] 关节炎患者rheumatism ['ru:mətizəm, 'ru-] n. [内科] 风湿病。
泛读教程第三册unit1~18答案全
泛读教程第三册unit1~18答案全Unit 1 Reading Rtrategies Section AWord Pretest1----5 B C (3: no correct answer, suggested one: tired condition in the eyes) B B6----10 A (7:no correct answer, suggested one: capable of being developed or used) C C B Reading Skill2----5 CBCA 6----9 BBAA Vocabulary Building11.a.practicable/practical b. practice c. practicesd. practicable/practicale. practiced2. a.worthless b. worthy c. worthwhile d.worthe.worth3. a.vary b.variety c.variation d.various/variede.Various4. a.absorbing b.absorbed c.absorb d.absorptione.absorbent21. a.effective b.efficient c.effective2. a.technology b.technique3. a.middle b.medium c.mediumClozeGoing/about/trying expectations/predictions questions answersPredictions/expectations tell know/foretell endDevelop/present worthSection B1----4 TFTT 5----8 CBCC 9----11 TFF 12----17 CAACCASection C1----4 FFTF 5----8 FTTTUnit 2 EducationSection AWord Pretest1----5 ABACC 6----11 ABABCCReading Skill4----6 CBB1----6 FTFFTTVocabulary Building11. mess2. preference3. aimlessly4. remarkable/marked5.decisive6.shipment7. fiery8.physically9.action 10.housing2 1. a.aptitude b.attitude2. a.account b.counted c. counted3. a.talent b.intelligenceClozeOther just/only has some/many than refuse see/know/understand that without If ready/willing/educated/taughtwrong/incorrect/erroneousSection B1----5 ACCCC 6----10 CCCAC11----14 BABASection C1----6 CCDDACUnit 3 Body LanguageSection AWord Pretest1----5 ABCCB 6----9 DCDCReading Skill2----5 BABC 6----10 AACBCVocabulary Building1admission admit admissible admissibly reliance rely reliable reliablydefinition define definite definitely assumption assume assumed/assuming assumedly/assuminglybehavior behave behavioral behaviorally variety vary various/varied variously/variedly part/partiality part partial partially manager manage managerial managerially correlation correlate correlative correlativelyadaptation/adaption adapt adaptive adaptively 21.a. inspired b. aspired c. inspired2.a. token b. badges c. token3.a. contemporaries b.temporary c. contemporaryClozecommunicate ways/means/ones using/saying in ofmessage meet/have/encounter/experience causes meaning to eyesSection B1----6 BABBAC 7----12 FFTTTF 13---15 CCB Section C1----4 BBDD 5----8 BCCA1----6 FFTFFTUnit 4 AnimalsSection AWord Pretest1----5 CACAA 6----10 BBBCCReading Skill2----5 BBAC 6----10 BCCAAVocabulary Building11. moist2. betrayal3. exclusively4. inhumane5. amazed/amazing6. endangered7. marvels8. deadly21.a. dessert b. deserted2.a. favourite b. favourable c. favourable3.a. awarded b.reward c. awardedClozeparents idea at/by seen landmarks instance/example migrate guide/direct pole effect/influence It/This if/whether experiments Section B1----3 CCB 4----6 FTF 7----10 BCAC 11----15 CBACCSection C1----5 FFTFF 6----10 FTTFTUnit 5 HistorySection AWord Pretest1----5 CAABC 6----9 ACCCReading Skill2----6 CABCB1----6 FFTFTTVocabulary Building1assumption assume assumed/assuming assumedly/assuminglyacknowledgement acknowledge acknowledged acknowledgedlyreflection reflect reflective reflectively domination dominate dominant dominantly category categorize categorical categorically implication imply implicative implicatively reassurance reassure reassuring reassuringly definition define definite definitely21.a. Historical b. historic2.a. rejected b. resist3.a. test/analyze b. analyzedClozeexisted/appeared over head/brain body found language use/value/significance/importance single passed ahead survival/existence handling/overcoming Section B1----6 CABCBB 7----12TTTFTT 13----15 CAC Section C1----4 BBAA 5----8 ACBCUnit 6 LanguageSection AWord Pretest1-----5 CACBA 6----10 BACAB 11----12 AB Reading Skill3----6 CAAC 7----10 ACCAVocabulary Building1availability avail available availably conquest conquer conquering/conquered conqueringlyluxury luxuriate luxurious luxuriouslyorigin originate original originally occurrence occur occurrent 无副词形式system systematize systematical/systematic systematicallyphonology 无动词形式phonological phonologicallydecision decide decided/decisive decidedly/decisivelyvariety vary various variouslysuperiority 无动词形式superior superiorly21.a. peculiar b. particular c. particular2.a. assess b. access c. access3.a. resources b. sources c. sourcesClozesex Men differs compliment/words complimentingcauses makes languages have outside understood have use circle/world/field Section B1----5 CBBBA 6----10 CBCCB 11----15 CBACC 16----17 BA Section C1----5 BBCAB 6----10 BACCBUnit 7 SpaceSection AWord Pretest1----4 ABAB 5----8 CBACReading Skill1----4 BBBC 5----8 CBCBVocabulary Building11. deduced2. behaviour3. adhere4.replacement5. option6.delicacy7. enormous8. pursuit21.a. inquired b. required c. inquire d.required2.a. compatible b. comparable c. compatible d. comparable Clozesatellite some space asked/wondered life sort/kind orbiting/going/circling have living were believe ownsolar where likely living throughSection B1----5 FTFFT 6----10 TTTTF 11----12 FF13----18 BBCACCSection C1----5 BCBCC 6----8 AED1----6 EBAFDCUnit 8 WomenSection AWord Pretest1----5 BCABC 6----10 BBCCAReading Skill1----5 CBABC 6----10 BCCCCVocabulary Building1occupation occupy occupational occupationally segregation segregate segregated discrimination discriminate discriminating/discriminatorydiscriminatingly/discriminatorilyenforcement enforce enforceable enforceably exclusion exclude exclusive exclusively perseverance persevere persevering perseveringlyconviction convict convictive convictively amendment amend amendablesuperficiality superficialize superficial superficiallyspectator spectate spectatorial21.a. job b. career c. jobs d. career2.a. principal b. principles c. principal d. principle3.a. feminine b. female c. feminineClozeacceptable domestic property wages husband divorce claims legal suit permitted make excluded lacked belonged determined Section B1----5 BACCC 6----10 CACCC 11----16 AABBAC 17----19 TTF Section C1----6 CCAACBUnit 9 CitiesSection AWord Pretest1----5 BAABC 6----10ACBBA 11----12 BC Reading Skill1----5 CACCB 6----10 BBBBA 11----12 CB Vocabulary Building11.typifies2. dominant3. familial4.competitive 5. vibrate6. descended7. departure8.boom9. countless 10. symbolizes21.a. recreation b. recreates c. recreation2.a. rhythm b. rhyme c. rhymes d. rhythm ClozeSea within of divides built/constructed/completedCelebrated inside/in attract together when Section B1----5 FTFTT 6----10 CCBBC11----15 BAACC 16----17 ACSection C1----5 BAACA 6----10 BCCCCUnit10 Cross-Cultural CommunicationWord Pretest1----5 CABCB 6---10 BBBABReading Skill1---5 CBCAC 6---10 CCABBVocabulary Building1consequence consequent/consequential consequently/consequentiallysophistication sophisticate sophisticated sophisticatedlyreference refer referable referablyconversation converse conversational conversationallyspace space spatial/spacious spatially/spaciouslydetachment detach detachable/detached detachably/detachedlyintervention intervene interveningtype typify typical typically21.a.assure b.ensure c.assured d.ensure2.arises b.raised c.rise d.raisede.arisen3.clue b.cues c.clue d.cueClozewell separating/isolating is own close need look order respect followprior sign/cue help was/were else Section B1---5 BBCTT 6---10 FBCAC 11---15 ACTFFSection C1---5 TFFTF 6---8 FFFUnit 11 Information Retrieval Section AWord Pretest1---5 ACBCB 6---8 ABBReading Skill1---5 BCBAC 6---10 CCCCC Vocabulary Building1.information inform informative informatively specification specify specific specifically addition add additional/additive additionally/additivelyspecialty specialize special specially narration narrate narrative narratively extension extend extensive extensively origin originate original originally explosion explode explosive explosively ambiguity ambiguous ambiguously establishmentestablish established1.extension2. ambiguity3.original4.specified5. additional6.unambiguously7.explosion/doc/548496f9941ea76e58fa047b.ht ml rmation9.specialized 10.narrative 11.establishment2.1.a.transform b.transferred c.transferredd.transformed2.a.lonely b.alone c.lonely d.alone Clozelibrary amounted own burned/destroyed by counties’ send suggestion/proposal librarySection B1---5 ACBCB 6---10 ACCAC 11---17 ABABBABSection C1---5 BCACC 6---10 CBCCCUnit 12 EnvironmentSection AWord Pretest1---5 CCBBC 6---12 AACCCBAReading Skill1---5 CABBC 6---8 CBBVocabulary Building1.1.reaction2.mass3. polluting4.planetary5.suspicious6.alarming7.emitted8.emerged 2.1.a.warned b.threatened2.a.spread b.spread c.sprayed3.a.emergency b.emergenceClozesolve communities creative prevention disposal resources recycling waste increase place measures amountSection B1---5 FFTTB 6----10 CACFT11---15 FFABC 16---18 CBCSection C1---5 BCAAC 6---8 CBCUnit 13 MedicineSection AWord Pretest1---5 ABAAC 6---10ABCBAReading Skill1---6 CCBABB 1---5 FTFTTVocabulary Building1.symptom symptomize symptomatic symptomaticallylonging long longing longinglyaddition add additional/additive additionally/additivelymanifestation manifest manifest manifestly depressiondepress depressed/depressing depressedly/depressing invariability invariable invariablyseparation separate separate separately condemnation condemn condemnable condemnablyimagination imagine imaginary imaginarily affection affect affecting affectingly2.1.a.remedies b.recipe c.remedy d.recipe2.a.alternate b.altered c.alternate d.alter3.a.acknowledged b.knowledge c.acknowledged Clozestep acknowledge prevent essential physician due physical psychosomatic disease confidence symptoms thorough emotional upsettingSection B1---5 CBCAB 6---10 CBBCB 11---15 ABCAC Section C1---5 TFFFT 6----10 FTFFFUnit 14 EvolutionSection AWord pretest1---5 BCABA 6---8 CBAReading Skill1---4 CACC 1---4 TTFTVocabulary Building1.1.reluctant2.evolution3.attributed4.catastrophic5.associate6.indifferent7.emerged8.stir 2.1.a.evolved b.revolves c.evolved2.a.dismay b.dismal c.dismal d.dismay3.a.contribute b.attributed c.contributedd.attributedClozecharacteristic/trait/nature changed/had to longget/eat possessed/developed/had stretched/lengthened longerpassed After have theoryeffect/influence notion/idea changeSection B1---5 DABFT 6---10 FTFDA 11---17 DBACFTF Section C1---8 TFTFTFTFUnit 15 TransportationSection AWord Pretest1---5 BBADA 6---11 DBBDCCReading Skill1---5: A A C C C 6—10: B B A B BVocabulary Building1.prevention prevent preventive preventively federation federate federal federally inadequacy / inadequate inadequately deception deceive deceptive deceptively prosperity prosper prosperous prosperously life live live/living/alive /effect effect effective effectively evaluation evaluate evaluable/evaluative / resident reside residential residentially vision vision visional/visionary visionally/visionarily1. evaluation2. federal3.prospertiy4. residential5. effect6. are living7. deceptively8. preventive/effective2.1.a.simile b.,metaphor2. a.ultimate b.unanimous c.ultimated.unanimousClozetransportation distance/away ground Stem trains electric station/stop name train threetrains stairs/steps passengers/people Section B1---6 D C D C C C 7---12 C C A B C B Section C1--- 8 C C A C C C C CUnit 16 TimeSection AWord pretest1-8: C C B B B B B CReading skill1-6: B A C C B CVocabulary building1.1. identification2. arbitrary3. practical4. foundation5. logic6. dictatorial7.occurence8. revise 2.1. a. presentation b. representation c. presentationd. representation2. a. base b. base c. basis d. basisClozeclocks wall pendulum ground/floor wood makers names clocks/timepieces invented/created/madefake/false/imitatedSection B1.A2.A3.C4.F5.T6.F7.T8.T9.T 10.T 11.B 12.C 13.C 14.C 15.A 16.ASection C1-8: A B A D D D C AUnit 17 TelevisionSection AWord Pretest1---5 CCACA 6---10 BCCBCReading Skill1---3 CCC 1---7 TFTFFFTVocabulary Building1.contradiction contradict contradictory contradictorilycenter center central centrallyseduction seduce seductive seductively necessity necessitate necessary necessarily visibility visualize visible visibly mobilization mobilize mobilizable mobilizably function function functional functionally dominance dominate dominant dominantly selection select selective selectively vocality vocalize vocal vocally1.visibility2.necessities3.seductive4.mobilize5.central6.functioning7.vocal8.dominant9.contradictory 10.selected2.1.a.immersed b.emerged c.immersed d.emerged2.a.dormant b.dominant c.Dormant d.dominantClozenumber happening house said graduates viewing TV school cases children reaches/draws imitate watching practice face backSection B1---1 CBBCB 6---10 FFFTC 11---15 ACBBC Section C1---5 TTFTF 6---10 FFFTTUnit 18 Poetry Questions on “If”1---5 AAABCQuestions on “The Rose Family”1---3 ABBQuestion on “My Candle Burns at Both Its Ends”1—3 BBC Questions on “The Negro Speaks of Rivers”1---3 CBBQuestions on “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”1---5 ACCBC 6---7 BCQuestions on “Sonnet 29”1---5 ABBCBQuestions on “In School Days”1---4 ABBC。
英语泛读教程3第三版答案
英语泛读教程3第三版（刘乃银版）答案Unit 1 Text:A. cB. bdabb ddc D. addad cdbFast Reading: dbdda abaad cbbdcHome Reading: dacdd aabUnit 2 Text:A. bB. ddbcd cca D. badda caacFast Reading: dbbdc bdbdb cddbdHome Reading: cbdcc dbbdUnit 3 Text:A. dB. badab bdddc D. bddba cbcaaFast Reading:cbbba ccdda ccdadHome Reading: dbcbd dbdbUnit 4 Text:A. cB. ddbcd dc D. abdbb addadFast Reading: dbccd bdadd badcdHome Reading: dadac bcdUnit 5 Text:A. cB. abdaa dcbd D. dbabb dabcb da Fast Reading: caabd cbddc cdbab Home Reading: bccdb dcUnit 6 Text:A. bB. cbcab ddad D. badaa cbaacFast Reading: cabcd aadcb ccdabHome Reading: ccdcd abcUnit 7Text:A. dB. acbda dcaac D. abaac daccd adFast Reading:daada cddbc bdcdb Home Reading: cbadb cddbcUnit 8 Text:A. cB. cddcc dccb D. abdac aaaFast Reading:ccacd bbdad babddHome Reading: dbdbc cbcdUnit 9 Text:A. cB. bccbc dbba D. dcbab dacba c Fast Reading:dcbca bccbc bcddd Home Reading: dcdca bdUnit 10 Text:A. cB. cdccd bacac D. dcdbc acadc bd Fast Reading:dbdcc dccdb bddca Home Reading: cadcb acbbUnit 11 Text:A. dB. adacc dcb D. abacb dcaab adc Fast Reading: dcdab ccbda ccbca Home Reading: bcadb bcdddUnit 12 Text:A. bB. bbbdd ccc D. cdccd acdba dca Fast Reading:bbddc dbdbc cdcdd Home Reading: bcdcc badbb c Unit13 Text:A. cB. cdcad bab D. cbada cabdbFast Reading:cdacc caccd bdbdb Home Reading: bdbcc bdd Unit 14 Text:A. cB. ddcad dab D. dacad babad bFast Reading:ddabb bddca dcccb Home Reading: cdcda ddUnit 15 Text:A. cB. abbac bccdb b D. babcc aaacd bb Fast Reading: caccb accd c ddada Home Reading: cdacd ddc。
泛读教程Unit 13 Happiness
泛读教程Unit 13 HappinessWhat is happiness?1.以个人发财主义为幸福主义者，是不知幸福之为何物也。
(xx)2.We choose always for happiness and never for the sake of something else。
(Aristotle)3.Happiness lies not in the mere possession of money ; It lies in the joy of achievement ,in the thrill of creative effort .(Franklin Roosevelt ,American president )幸福不在于拥有金钱，而在于获得成就时的喜悦以及产生创造力的激情。
(美国总统罗斯福. F.)xxxx的演变传统儒家xx：一是主张德福一致；二是主张仁爱幸福(自我独乐不如与民同乐).新xx到改革开放之前:政治挂帅主导下的幸福.服从组织安排就是幸福。
在当时的普通人看来，政治上进步，比如入党、受党组织表彰等就是最大的幸福改革以来xx人的xx:一是注重物质生活的幸福；二是注重个人感受的幸福。
80 90戏说的xx我的青春谁做主》中，钱小样说幸福是猫吃鱼，狗吃肉，奥特曼打小怪兽In the film My youth who call the shots ,Qianxiao-yang said"Happiness is the cat to eat fish,dogto eat meat, Altman to play little monster".伊曼努尔·康德(Immanuel Kant,1724年4月22日—1804年2月12日)德国哲学家、天文学家、星云说的创立者之一、德国古典哲学的创始人，唯心主义，不可知论者，德国古典美学的奠定者。
他被认为是对现代欧洲最具影响力的思想家之一，也是启蒙运动最后一位主要哲学家。
英语泛读教程3Unit 13
Spoil for a fight: to want to fight with sb very much按 捺不住要打架 Listen up: used to tell people to listen carefully because you are going to say sth important .Now, listen up! This is important.专心听，这一点很重 要。 Passage 2 Topic: dolphin’s communication Main idea: Although dolphins can communicate with a variety of signal, they can not communicate with language. Structure: Researchers are particular interested in how well they communicate.
Text
Introduction: Topic: morals Main Idea: Without such awareness, there can be no ethical judgment. Structure:
Language Points 1. blare (p 240): to produce (sounds) loudly and unpleasantly The radio blared out (the news). 收音机高声响着[广 播新闻]。 blare out a warning高声发出警告 a blare of publicity过分的宣传 2. empathy: the ability to understand another person’s feelings, experience It is important to develop empathy between dogs and their handlers. 培养狗和养护者之间的心灵相 同是很重要的。
英语泛读教程3第三版答案(免费版)
英语泛读教程3第三版答案(免费版)自己整理的哦!Unit 1 Text: A. c B. bdabb ddc D. addad cdb Fast Reading: dbdda abaad cbbdc Home Reading: dacdd aabUnit 2 Text: A. b B. ddbcd cca D. badda caac Fast Reading: dbbdc bdbdb cddbd Home Reading: cbdcc dbbdUnit 3 Text: A. d B. badab bdddc D. bddba cbcaa Fast Reading: cbbba ccdda ccdad Home Reading: dbcbd dbdbUnit 4 Text: A. c B. ddbcd dc D. abdbb addad Fast Reading: dbccd bdadd badcd Home Reading: dadac bcdUnit 5 Text: A. c B. abdaa dcbd D. dbabb dabcb da Fast Reading: caabd cbddc cdbab Home Reading: bccdb dcUnit 6 Text: A. b B. cbcab ddad D. badaa cbaac Fast Reading: cabcd aadcb ccdab Home Reading: ccdcd abcUnit7 Text: A. d B. acbda dcaac D. abaac daccd ad Fast Reading: daada cddbc bdcdb Home Reading: cbadb cddbcUnit 8 Text: A. c B. cddcc dccb D. abdac aaa Fast Reading: ccacd bbdad babdd Home Reading: dbdbc cbcdUnit 9 Text: A. c B. bccbc dbba D. dcbab dacba c Fast Reading: dcbca bccbc bcddd Home Reading: dcdca bdUnit 10 Text: A. c B. cdccd bacac D. dcdbc acadc bd Fast Reading: dbdcc dccdb bddca Home Reading: cadcb acbbUnit 11 Text: A. d B. adacc dcb D. abacb dcaab adc Fast Reading: dcdab ccbda ccbca Home Reading: bcadb bcdddUnit 12 Text: A. b B. bbbdd ccc D. cdccd acdba dca Fast Reading: bbddc dbdbc cdcdd Home Reading: bcdcc badbb cUnit 13 Text: A. c B. cdcad bab D. cbada cabdb Fast Reading: cdacc caccd bdbdb Home Reading: bdbcc bddUnit 14 Text: A. c B. ddcad dab D. dacad babad b Fast Reading: ddabb bddca dcccb Home Reading: cdcda ddUnit 15 Text: A. c B. abbac bccdb b D. babcc aaacd bb Fast Reading: caccb accdc ddada Home Reading: cdacd ddc。
大学英语泛读教程第三册单词
第四课Text:1, insanity [in'sænəti] n. 疯狂；愚顽；精神病；精神错乱2, insane [in'sein] adj. 精神病的；极愚蠢的；疯狂的3, disdain [dis'dein] n. 蔑视vt. 鄙弃4, malign [mə'lain] vt. 诽谤，污蔑；中伤，说坏话adj. 有害的；恶意的，恶性的5, benign [bi'nain] adj. 良性的；吉利的；和蔼的，亲切的6, underlying [,ʌndə'laiiŋ]adj. 在下面的；优先的；根本的；潜在的v. 放在…的下面；为…的基础；优先于（underlie的ing形式）7, impulse ['impʌls] n. 冲动；脉冲；刺激；推动力；神经冲动vt. 推动8, crudity ['kru:diti] n. 粗糙；简陋；未成熟物9, totem ['təutəm] n. 图腾；崇拜物10, cynicism ['sini,sizəm] n. 犬儒主义；玩世不恭，愤世嫉俗；冷嘲热讽11, musing ['mju:ziŋ]adj. 沉思的；瞑想的v. 沉思；凝望（muse的ing形式）12, manuscript ['mænjuskript] n. 原稿；手稿adj. 手写的13, plight [plait] n. 困境；境况；誓约vt. 保证；约定14, spouse [spaus] n. 配偶vt. 和…结婚15, hypothetical [,haipəu'θetikəl] adj. 假设的；爱猜想的16, reckless ['reklis] adj. 鲁莽的，不顾后果的；粗心大意的17, concussion [kən'kʌʃən] n. [医]脑震荡；震荡；冲击18, font [fɔnt] n. 字体；字形；洗礼盘，圣水器；泉19, grab [ɡræb] vt. 攫取；霸占；将…深深吸引vi. 攫取；夺取n.攫取；霸占；夺取之物20, literally ['litərəli] adv. 逐字地；照字面地21, figurative ['fiɡjurəriv] adj. 比喻的；修饰丰富的；形容多的22, census ['sensəs] vt. 实施统计调查n. 人口普查，人口调查23, premium ['pri:miəm] n. 奖金；保险费，额外费用24, demographer [di:'mɔɡrəfə] n. 人口统计学家，人口学家25, boom [bu:m]vt. 发隆隆声；使兴旺vi. 发隆隆声；急速发展n. 繁荣；隆隆声；吊杆26, corollary [kə'rɔləri] n. 推论；必然的结果27, quarterback ['kwɔ:təbæk] n. 橄榄球的四分卫vt. （以四分卫）指挥进攻；领导；操纵vi. （橄榄球中）担任四分卫28, vulnerable ['vʌlnərəbl] adj. 有弱点的；易受伤害的；易受攻击的，易受…的攻击29, mechanism ['mekənizəm] n. 机械装置；机制；技巧；原理，途径；进程30, boomer ['bu:mə] n. 生育高峰中出生的人；赶往新兴地区安家的人；发出隆隆声者；发育完全的雄袋鼠31, hoc abbr. 下议院，众议院（House of Commons）；肝卵圆细胞（Hepaticoval Cells）；重油催化裂化（Heavy Oil Cracking ）；最高输出信道（Highest Outgoing Channel）；均质铸锭（Homogeneous Casting）32, replacement [ri'pleismənt] n. 更换；代替者；补充兵员；复位33, peripheral [pə'rifərəl] adj. 外围的；次要的34, drape [dreip] vt. 用布帘覆盖；使呈褶裥状vi. 成褶皱状垂下n. 窗帘；褶裥35, muslin ['mʌzlin] n. 平纹细布；棉布36, errand ['erənd] n. 差事；差使；使命37, surgical ['sə:dʒikəl] adj. 外科的；手术上的n. 外科手术；外科病房38, dosage ['dəusidʒ] n. 剂量，用量39, mortality [mɔ:'tæləti] n. 死亡数，死亡率；必死性，必死的命运40, ovarian [əu'vεəriən] adj. 卵巢的；子房的41, recurrence [ri'kʌrəns, -'kə:-] n. 循环；再发生；重现；重新提起42, primal ['praiməl] adj. 最初的；原始的；主要的n. [心理]被压抑童年情绪的释放vt. 释放（被压抑的童年情绪）43, diagnosis [,daiəɡ'nəusis] n. 诊断44, consistency [kən'sistənsi]n. 一致性；稠度；相容性45, overwhelm [,əuvə'hwelm] vt. 压倒；淹没；受打击46, installation [,instə'leiʃən] n. 安装，装置；就职47, await [ə'weit] vt. 等候，等待；期待48, pathology [pə'θɔlədʒi] n. 病理学（复数pathologies）Lumpectomy [lʌmp’ təmiek] n.肿瘤切除术（尤指乳房）49, shaky ['ʃeiki] adj. 摇晃的；不可靠的；不坚定的50, beforehand [bi'fɔ:hænd] adv. 预先；事先adj. 预先准备好的；提前的51, pulmonary ['pʌlmənəri, 'pul-] adj. 肺的；有肺的；肺状的52, physician [fi'ziʃən] n. 医师；内科医师53, nascent ['næsənt, 'nei-] adj. 初期的；开始存在的，发生中的Mandala54, cohort ['kəuhɔ:t] n. 一群；步兵大队；支持者；同生群55, emigrate ['emiɡreit ] vi. 移居；移居外国vt. 移民56, premature [,premə'tjuə, ,pri:-] adj. 比预期早的；不成熟的；早产的n. 早产儿；过早发生的事物amyotrophicsclerosis57, dimple [dimpl]vt. 使起涟漪；使现酒窝n. 酒窝涟漪；浅凹vi. 出现酒窝；起涟漪58, spiced adj. 调过味的；含香料的；五香的59, lime [laim] n. 石灰；酸橙；绿黄色vt. 撒石灰于；涂粘鸟胶于adj. 绿黄色的60, rearrange [,ri:ə'reindʒ] vt. 重新排列；重新整理61, prognosis [prɔɡ'nəusis] n. 预后；预知62, triumphant [trai'ʌmfənt] adj. 成功的；得意洋洋的；狂欢的63, cosmetic [kɔz'metik] adj. 美容的；化妆用的n. 化妆品；装饰品64, unassailable [,ʌnə'seiləbl] adj. 无懈可击的；不容置疑的unassist65, slur [slə:] vt. 忽视；草率地看过；含糊地念；诋毁vi. 含糊地发音；潦草地写字；拖着脚走n. 污点；诽谤；连音符66, respirator ['respəreitə] n. 口罩；呼吸器；防毒面具67, nourish ['nʌriʃ, 'nə:-] vt. 滋养；怀有；使健壮68, nourishment ['nʌriʃmənt, 'nə:-] n. 营养品；食物；滋养品69, proxy ['prɔksi] n. 代理人；代用品；委托书70, therapist ['θerəpist] n. 治疗学家；临床医学家71, scaled ['skeild] adj. 有鳞的；（房屋）栉比鳞次的；已去了鳞的v. 刮去鳞片；生鳞片（scale的过去式和过去分词）72, customary ['kʌstə,məri] adj. 通常的；习惯的n. 习惯法汇编73, mystify ['mistifai] vt. 使神秘化；使迷惑，使困惑74, wheelchair ['hwi:l,tʃεə] n. 轮椅VentilatorChemotherapylymphoma75, chamber ['tʃeimbə] n. （身体或器官内的）室，膛；房间；会所adj.室内的；私人的，秘密的vt. 把…关在室内；装填（弹药等）76, soprano [sə'prɑ:nəu, -'præ-] n. [音]女高音；最高音部；女高音歌手adj. 女高音的；童声高音的77, collaboration [kə,læbə'reiʃən] n. 合作；通敌；勾结78, rehearsal [ri'hə:səl] n. 排演；预演；练习；叙述；训练79, recital [ri'saitəl] n. 背诵；朗诵，吟诵；独奏会；独唱会80, perforate ['pə:fəreit] vt. 穿孔于，打孔穿透；在…上打齿孔vi. 穿孔；穿过，贯穿81, flinch [flintʃ] vi. 退缩；畏惧n. 退缩；畏惧82, flap [flæp] n. 拍打，拍打声；副翼vi. 鼓翼而飞；拍动（帽边等）垂下vt. 拍打；扔；拉下帽边；动83, unflappable [,ʌn'flæpəbl] adj. 镇定的，不慌张的84, obligation [,ɔbli'ɡeiʃən] n. 义务；职责；债务renourish85, brownie ['brauni]n. 巧克力蛋糕，核仁巧克力饼；棕仙（传说中夜间帮助做家务的小精灵）86, imminent ['iminənt] adj. 迫近的；即将来临的87, obtainable [əb'teinəbl, ɔb-] adj. 能得到的88, instinctive [in'stiŋktiv]adj. 本能的；直觉的；天生的89, beneficiary [,beni'fiʃəri] n. 受益人，受惠者；封臣adj. 拥有封地的；受圣俸的Fast reading:90, reside [ri'zaid] vt. 属于；住，居住91, stealth [stelθ]n. 秘密行动；鬼祟；秘密92, cipher ['saifə] n. 密码；暗号；零vi. 做算术；计算；使用密码vt.做算术；计算；将…译成密码CipherinStragglerSojournBiennialLegislature93, elated [i'leitid] adj. 兴高采烈的；得意洋洋的v. 使兴奋（elate的过去式和过去分词）94, assiduous [ə'sidjuəs] adj. 刻苦的，勤勉的95, electoral [i'lektərəl] adj. 选举的；选举人的96, complexion [kəm'plekʃən] n. 面色；肤色；情况；局面vt. 使增添色彩97, trait [trei, treit] n. 特性，特点；品质；少许98, abbreviation [ə,bri:vi'eiʃən] n. 缩写；缩写词Edpsych99, ubiquitous [ju:'bikwitəs] adj. 普遍存在的；无所不在的100, glorification [,ɡlɔ:rifi'keiʃən] n. 赞颂101, commonplace ['kɔmənpleis] n. 老生常谈；司空见惯的事；普通的东西adj. 平凡的；陈腐的102, nicety ['naisiti] n. 美好；精密；细节；拘泥细节103, ailment ['eilmənt] n. 小病；不安104, precipitate [pri'sipitit, -teit] n. 沉淀物vt. 使沉淀；促成；猛抛；使陷入vi. 猛地落下；沉淀；adj. 突如其来的；猛地落下的；急促的105, intercourse ['intəkɔ:s] n. 交往；交流；性交106, irrational [i'ræʃənəl] adj. 无理性的；不合理的；荒谬的n. 无理数107, eruption [i'rʌpʃən] n. 爆发，喷发；出疹；火山灰第五课Text:1, expedition [,ekspi'diʃən] n. 远征；迅速；探险队2, ultimate ['ʌltimət] adj. 最终的；根本的；极限的n. 基本原则；终极；根本3, treacherous ['tretʃərəs] adj. 危险的；奸诈的，叛逆的，背叛的；不牢靠的4, margin ['mɑ:dʒin] n. 边缘；利润，余裕；页边的空白vt. 加边于；加旁注于5, elevate ['eliveit] vt. 举起；提升；振奋情绪等；提升…的职位6, ascent [ə'sent] n. 上升；登高；上坡路7, confer [kən'fə:] vt. 授予；给予vi. 协商8, vintage ['vintidʒ] n. 葡萄收获期；葡萄酒酿造期adj. 古老的；最佳的；过时的vt. 采葡萄；用葡萄酿酒vi. 采葡萄9, relocate [,ri:ləu'keit, ri:'ləukeit]vt. 重新安置；迁移vi. 迁移新址；重新安置n. [计算机]浮动10, gully ['ɡʌli] n. 冲沟；水沟vt. 在…上开沟vi. 形成沟11, scouring ['skauəriŋ] n. 洗擦12, slab [slæb] n. 厚片；厚板，平板；混凝土路面vt. 把…分成厚片；用石板铺13, bleach [bli:tʃ] vt. 使漂白，使变白vi. 变白，漂白n. 漂白剂14, porcelain ['pɔ:səlin, -lein] n. 瓷；瓷器adj. 瓷制的；精美的15, collar ['kɔlə] n. 衣领；颈圈vt. 给…上领子；给…套上颈圈；[口]抓住16, tattered ['tætəd] adj. 破烂的，衣衫褴褛的v. 变破烂（tatter的过去分词）17, intact [in'tækt] adj. 完整的；原封不动的；未受损伤的18, tatter ['tætə] n. 碎布；碎纸vt. 扯碎；撕碎；使破烂vi. 变得破烂19, legible ['ledʒəbl] adj. 易读的；清晰的；易辨认的20, vicious ['viʃəs] adj. 堕落的；恶毒的；有错误的；恶意的；品性不端的；剧烈的21, stitch [stitʃ] n. 针脚，线迹；一针vt. 缝，缝合vi. 缝，缝合22, phenomenal [fi'nɔminəl, fə-] adj. 现象的；异常的；显著的；能知觉的23, tenacity [ti'næsiti, tə-] n. 固执；韧性；不屈不挠；黏性24, reconnaissance [ri'kɔnisəns] n. 侦察；搜索；事先考查；勘测（等于reconnoissance）25, wane [wein] vi. 变小；衰落；亏缺；退潮；消逝n. 月亏；衰退；衰退期；缺损26, geologist [dʒi'ɔlədʒist] n. 地质学家，地质学者27, buoy [bɔi, 'bu:i] n. 浮标；浮筒；救生圈；航标vt. 使浮起；支撑；鼓励28, confide [kən'faid] vt. 吐露；委托vi. 信赖；吐露秘密29, repelled v. 防）；击退（推开30, unveiled [,ʌn'veild] adj. 裸露的；公布于众的v. 原形毕露；公开31, clinging adj. 有粘性的；执着的n. 坚持；依附v. 坚持，紧贴32, mosaic [məu'zeiik] adj. 摩西的；拼成的；嵌花式的n. 马赛克；镶嵌细工；镶嵌33, gravel ['ɡrævəl] n. 砂砾；碎石vt. 用碎石铺；使船搁浅在沙滩上；使困惑34, needle ['ni:dl] n. 针；指针；针状物；刺激vi. 缝纫；做针线vt. 用针缝；刺激35, hostile ['hɔstail, -təl] adj. 敌对的，敌方的；怀敌意的n. 敌对windscorched36, haystack ['heistæk] n. 干草堆37, peril ['peril] n. 危险；冒险vt. 危及；置…于险境38, macabre [mə'kɑ:brə] adj. 可怕的；以死亡为主题的；令人毛骨悚然的（等于macaber）permafrost39, navigable ['næviɡəbl] adj. 可航行的；可驾驶的；适于航行的40, enigma [i'niɡmə] n. 谜，不可思议的东西41, mesmerize ['mezməraiz, 'mes-] vt. 施催眠术；迷住；以魅力迫使42, succumb [sə'kʌm] vi. 屈服；被压垮；死43, scurry ['skʌri, 'skə:-] n. 急跑；短距离赛跑（或赛马）vi. 急赶；急跑vt. 急赶hypothermia44, forensic [fɔ'rensik] adj. 辩论的；法院的；适于法庭的45, grisly ['ɡrizli] adj. 可怕的；厉害的；严重的exhumation46, exhume [eks'hju:m] vt. 发掘；掘出47, autopsy ['ɔ:təpsi] n. 验尸；尸体解剖；尸体剖检48, repeal [ri'pi:l] vt. 废除；撤销；放弃；废止；否定n. 废除；撤销49, preservation [,prezə'veiʃən] n. 保存，保留50, bacterial adj. 细菌的51, atmospheric [,ætməs'ferik,-kəl] adj. 大气的，大气层的52, tuberculosis [tju:,bə:kju'ləusis] n. 肺结核；结核病53, pneumonia [nju:'məunjə] n. [医]肺炎54, fatigue [fə'ti:ɡ] n. 疲劳，疲乏；杂役adj. 疲劳的vt. 使疲劳；使心智衰弱vi. 疲劳55, neurosis [njuə'rəusis] n. 神经症；神经衰弱症56, erratic [i'rætik] adj. 不稳定的；古怪的n. 漂泊无定的人；古怪的人57, elevated ['eliveitid] adj. 提高的；高尚的；严肃的；欢欣的v. 抬起；提高；振奋；提拔n. [口]高架铁路58, tinned ['tind] adj. 镀锡的，包马口铁的；听装的；罐头的v. 包以马口铁（tin的过去分词）59, wrought [rɔ:t] adj. 锻造的；加工的；精细的v. 工作（work的过去分词）60, cylinder ['silində] n. 汽缸；圆筒；圆柱状物；柱面pemmican61, shred [ʃred] n. 碎片；少量剩余；最少量；破布vt. 切成条状；用碎纸机撕毁vi. 撕碎62, seam [si:m] n. 缝；接缝vt. 缝合；接合；使留下伤痕vi. 裂开；产生裂缝63, contamination [kən,tæmi'neiʃən] n. 污染，玷污；污染物64, gruesome ['ɡru:səm] adj. 可怕的；阴森的65, neurological adj. 神经病学的，神经学上的66, glacier ['ɡlæsjə] n. 冰河，冰川altimeter67, goggle ['ɡɔɡl] vi. 眼珠转动；瞪眼看n. 护目镜，风镜；眼睛睁视adj. 瞪眼的，睁眼的vt. 使瞪眼；使眼珠转动68, scenarios n. 情节；脚本；情景介绍（scenario的复数）69, elusive [i'lju:siv,-səri] adj. 难懂的；易忘的；逃避的；难捉摸的70, prevail [pri'veil, pri:-] vi. 盛行，流行；战胜，获胜71, hearten ['hɑ:tən] vt. 激励；鼓励；使振作vi. 振作72, immersed [i'mə:st] adj. 专注的；浸入的v. 沉湎于；浸（immerse的过去式和过去分词）73, immerse [i'mə:s] vt. 沉浸；使陷入Reading skills:74, marijuana [,mæriju'ɑ:nə] n. 大麻；大麻毒品75, penalty ['penəlti] n. 处罚；罚款，罚金76, cite [sait] vt. 引用；传讯；想起；表彰77, juvenile ['dʒu:vənail, -nil] adj. 青少年的；幼稚的n. 青少年；少年读物78, custody ['kʌstədi] n. 保管；拘留；监护；[法]抚养权crackdown79, nab [næb] vt. 捉住，逮捕；抢夺80, kiosk ['ki:ɔsk, ki'ɔsk] n. 凉亭；公用电话亭；报摊81, trophy ['trəufi] n. 奖品；战利品；纪念品vt. 用战利品装饰adj. 显示身份的；有威望的82, detention [di'tenʃən] n. 拘留；挽留；延迟83, fingerprint ['fiŋɡəprint] n. 指纹；手印vt. 采指纹84, counseling n. 咨询服务v. 劝告；建议；商讨85, snack [snæk] n. 小吃，快餐；一份，部分vi. [美]吃快餐，吃点心scofflaw86, scoff [skɔf, skɔ:f] n. 嘲笑；愚弄；笑柄vt. 嘲笑；嘲弄；贪婪地吃vi. 嘲笑；嘲弄；狼吞虎咽87, feud [fju:d] n. 不和；封地；争执vi. 长期不和；长期争斗88, transit ['trænsit, -zit, 'trɑ:n-] n. 运输；经过vt. 运送vi. 经过89, advocacy ['ædvəkəsi] n. 拥护；主张；辩护90, forum ['fɔ:rəm] n. 论坛，讨论会；法庭；公开讨论的广场Fast reading:92, consuming [kən'sju:miŋ] adj. 强烈的；消费的v. 消耗93, aerial ['εəriəl] adj. 空气的；空中的，航空的；空想的n. 天线94, flare [flεə] vt. 使张开；使闪耀；用发光信号发出；使外倾vi. 闪耀，闪光；燃烧；突然发怒n. 闪光，闪耀；耀斑；照明弹；爆发95, meteor ['mi:tiə] n. 流星；大气现象96, inaccurate [in'ækjurət] adj. 错误的97, hoax [həuks] vt. 愚弄；欺骗n. 恶作剧；骗局98, hoaxer n. 骗子；欺骗者99, delusion [di'lu:ʒən] n. 错觉；幻想；迷惑，欺骗extraterrestrial100, stumbling adj. 障碍的craftlike101, grant [ɡrɑ:nt, ɡrænt] vt. 授予；承认；允许vi. 同意n. 授予物；拨款102, speculative ['spekjulətiv, -lei-] adj. 投机的；推测的；思索性的103, enthusiast [in'θju:ziæst, inθu:-] n. 狂热者，热心家104, abduct [æb'dʌkt] vt. 诱拐；绑架；[生]使外展105, terminology [,tə:mi'nɔlədʒi] n. 术语，术语学；用辞106, vertical ['və:tikəl] adj. 垂直的，直立的；头顶的，顶点的n. 垂直线，垂直面107, crumbly ['krʌmbli] adj. 脆的；易碎的paraplegic108, crevice ['krevis] n. 裂缝；裂隙109, paralyzed adj. 瘫痪的；麻痹的v. 使麻痹；使无力；使失去勇气110, equivalent [i'kwivələnt] adj. 等价的，相等的；同意义的n. 等价物，相等物111, halfway ['hɑ:f'wei] adv. 在中途；到一半adj. 中途的；不彻底的112, anchor ['æŋkə] n. 锚；靠山；新闻节目主播；抛锚停泊vt. 抛锚；使固定；主持节目vi. 抛锚adj. 末捧的；最后一棒的113, granite ['ɡrænit] n. 花岗岩；坚毅；冷酷无情114, strained [streind] adj. 紧张的；勉强的；牵强附会的；滤过的v. 使紧张（动词strain的过去式和过去分词）115, innovative ['inəuveitiv] adj. 革新的，创新的116, propulsion [prəu'pʌlʃən] n. 推进力；推进117, propel [prəu'pel] vt. 推进；驱使；驱策；激励118, orbit ['ɔ:bit] n. 轨道；眼眶；势力范围；生活常规vi. 盘旋；绕轨道运行vt. 绕…轨道而行119, mercury ['mə:kjuri] n. 水银；水银柱；精神120, autonomous [ɔ:'tɔnəməs] adj. 自治的；自主的；[植]自发的121, infrared [,infrə'red] n. 红外线adj. 红外线的spectrometer122, planetary ['plænitəri] adj. 行星的123, geology [dʒi'ɔlədʒi] n. 地质情况；地质学geostationary124, elemental [,eli'mentəl] adj. 基本的；自然力的；flightpath125, rendezvous ['rɔndivu:, -dei-] n. 约会；约会地点；集结地vi. 会合；约会vt. 在指定地点与…相会126, lunar ['lju:nə] adj. 银的；微亮的；阴历的；月亮的，月球的127, gravity ['ɡræviti] n. 重力，地心引力；庄严；严重性第六课Text:1, dispense [dis'pens] vt. 分配，分发；执行；免除vi. 免除，豁免Dispensed2, dispensable [dis'pensəbl] adj. 可有可无的；非必要的3, prescription [pris'kripʃən] n. 药方；惯例；指示adj. 凭处方方可购买的4, deficit ['defisit] n. 赤字；不足额5, diabetes [,daiə'bi:ti:z] n. 糖尿病；多尿症6, attorney [ə'tə:ni] n. 代理人；律师7, diabetic [,daiə'betik] adj. 糖尿病的，患糖尿病的n. 糖尿病患者8, plummet ['plʌmit] n. 铅锤，坠子vi. 垂直落下9, verdict ['və:dikt] n. 裁定；结论10, transactions n. 处理，会报；汇报（transaction复数）11, awry [ə'rai] adv. 歪曲；歪斜地；错误低adj. 错误的；扭曲的12, definitive [di'finitiv] n. 限定词adj. 最后的；限定的；决定性的13, preceding [pri'si:diŋ, 'pri:-] adj. 在前的；前述的v. 在...之前Understaffingoverlown14, contend [kən'tend] vi. 竞争；斗争；奋斗；争论vt. 主张；为...斗争15, volume ['vɔlju:m] n. 体积；卷；册；音量；大量；量adj. 大量的vi. 成团卷起vt. 把…收集成卷16, churn [tʃə:n] vi. 搅动；搅拌vt. 搅动；搅拌n. 搅乳器17, reimburse [,ri:im'bə:s] vt. 赔偿；偿还18, backdrop ['bæk,drɔp] n. 背景；背景幕；交流声19, ethical ['eθikəl] adj. 道德的；伦理的；凭处方出售的n. 处方药20, clergy ['klə:dʒi] n. 牧师；神职人员；僧侣21, stimulated adj. 受激的v. 刺激22, implicit [im'plisit] adj. 暗示的；盲从的；含蓄的23, implicitly adv. 含蓄地；暗中地24, sinus ['sainəs] n. 静脉窦；窦；下陷或凹下去的地方25, antibiotics n. 抗生学；抗生素26, penicillin [,peni'silin] n. 盘尼西林（青霉素）keflex27, antihistamine [,ænti'histəmi:n] n. [药]抗组胺剂28, reprimand ['reprimɑ:nd,] n. 谴责；训斥；申诉vt. 谴责；训斥；责难29, registered ['redʒistəd]adj. 记名的；注册的；登记过的；（家畜等）附有血统证明的Blood-thinning30, trial ['traiəl] n. 试验；磨炼；审讯；努力adj. 审讯的；试验的31, lawsuit ['lɔ:sju:t] n. 诉讼（尤指非刑事案件）；诉讼案件counmadinlevied32, attribute [ə'tribju:t, 'ætribju:t] n. 属性；特质vt. 把…归于；归属33, workload ['wə:kləud] n. 工作量34, correlation [,kɔ:ri'leiʃən] n. 相关，关联；相互关系erythromycin35, manufacturer [,mænju'fæktʃərə] n. 制造商；厂商36, interaction [,intər'ækʃən] n. 交互作用；相互作用37, overridden v. 蹂躏；压倒；拒绝（override的过去分词）38, leaflet ['li:flit] n. 传单；小叶39, staple ['steipl] n. 订书钉；主要产品；主题adj. 主要的，大宗生产的；常用的；纺织纤维的vt. 把…分级；钉住40, vendor ['vendɔ:] n. 小贩；卖主；自动售货机41, submit [səb'mit] vt. 使服从；呈递；主张vi. 提交；服从42, oncologist n. 肿瘤学家；肿瘤医师43, regional ['ri:dʒənəl] adj. 地区的；整个地区的；局部的44, procedure [prə'si:dʒə] n. 步骤；程序，手续45, counsel ['kaunsəl] n. 忠告；讨论；商议；决策；法律顾问vt. 劝告；建议vi. 提出忠告；商讨46, generic [dʒi'nerik] adj. 一般的；属的；类的；非商标的47, dosage ['dəusidʒ] n. 剂量，用量48, medication [,medi'keiʃən] n. 药物治疗；药物处理；药物49, herbal ['hə:bəl, 'ə:-] adj. 草本的；草药的n. 植物志；草本书48, supplement ['sʌplimənt, 'sʌpləment] n. 补充，补遗；补充物；附录vt. 补充，增补49, busiest adj. 最忙的（busy的最高级形式）50, exaggerate [iɡ'zædʒəreit] vt. 使增大；使扩大vi. 夸张；夸大51, exaggerated [iɡ'zædʒəreitid] adj. 夸张的，言过其实v. 夸张，夸大52, reproach [ri'prəutʃ] n. 责备；耻辱vt. 责备；申斥53 obligatory ['ɔbliɡətəri, ɔb'liɡətɔ:ri, -təri] adj. 义不容辞的；必须的；义务的Fast reading:54．asthma ['æsmə, 'æz-] n. [医]哮喘，气喘55, relatively ['relətivli] adv. 相对地，比较地；相当地56, purchaser ['pə:tʃəsə] n. 购买者；买方57, feedback ['fi:dbæk] n. 反馈；回复；成果，资料mammograms58, biopsy ['bai,ɔpsi] n. 活组织检查；活组织切片检查；切片检查法59, constructive [kən'strʌktiv] adj. 建设性的；推定的；构造上的；有助益的60, stringent ['strindʒənt] adj. 迫切的；严厉的；银根紧的61, regulatory ['reɡjulətəri] adj. 调整的；控制的；管理的62, administration [əd,mini'streiʃən] n. 管理；行政；行政机构；实施63, dampen ['dæmpən] vt. 抑制；使…沮丧；使…潮vi. 潮湿；丧气64, antibiotic [,æntibai'ɔtik] adj. 抗生的；抗菌的n. 抗生素，抗菌素65, virtual ['və:tʃuəl] adj. 实质上的，事实上的；虚拟的；[物]有效的66, pharmaceutical [,fɑ:mə'sju:tikəl] adj. 制药（学）的n. 药物67, diminished [di'miniʃt] adj. 减退了的；减弱的v. 减少；削弱68, substantially adv. 实质上；大体上；充分地69, slough [slau] n. 蜕下的皮（或壳）；绝境；泥沼；腐肉t. 使陷入泥沼；抛弃vi. 蜕皮；脱落；在泥浆中跋涉70, evade [i'veid] vt. 逃避；规避；逃脱vi. 逃避；规避；逃脱71, organism ['ɔ:ɡənizəm] n. 有机体；生物体；微生物72, microbial [mai'krəubiəl] adj. 微生物的；由细菌引起的73, microbe ['maikrəub] n. 细菌，微生物74, furiously adv. 狂暴地；猛烈地75, besiege [bi'si:dʒ] vt. 包围；围困；烦扰76, susceptible [sə'septəbl] adj. 易受影响的；易感动的；容许…的n. 易得病的人77, prescribed adj. 规定的78, propagate ['prɔpəɡeit] vt. 传播；繁殖；传送；宣传vi. 增殖；繁殖79, compound ['kɔmpaund, kəm'paund] vt. 混合；合成；和解妥协；搀合er vi. 妥协；和解n. 化合物；复合词；混合物adj. 复合的；混合的bystand80, armor ['ɑ:mə] n. 装甲；盔甲vt. 为…装甲81, infectious [in'fekʃəs] adj. 传染的；易传染的；传染性的82, benign [bi'nain] adj. 良性的；吉利的；和蔼的，亲切的83, preventive [pri'ventiv, pri:-] n. 预防药；预防法adj. 预防的，防止的84, prostitute ['prɔstitju:t] vt. 使沦为妓女adj. 卖淫的；堕落的n. 妓女85, comparatively [kəm'pærətivli] adv. 比较地；相当地86, regime [rei'ʒi:m, ri-, ri'dʒi:m] n. 政权，政体；社会制度；管理体制87, breeding ['bri:diŋ] n. 教养；繁殖；饲养；再生v. 生产；培育；使…繁殖88, anxiety [æŋ'zaiəti] n. 焦虑；挂念；渴望；令人焦虑的事89, narcotics n. 麻醉毒品；麻醉剂（narcotic的复数）agoraphobia90, tremor ['tremə] n. 颤动；震颤91, psychotic [sai'kɔtik] adj. 精神病的n. 疯子；精神病患者92, sedative ['sedətiv] n. 能使安静的东西；镇静剂；止痛药adj. 使镇静的；使安静的93, multiple ['mʌltipl] adj. 多样的；许多的；多重的n. 并联；倍数94, glaucoma [ɡlɔ:'kəumə] n. [医]青光眼；绿内障95, seizure ['si:ʒə] n. 夺取；捕获；没收96, alcoholism ['ælkəhɔlizəm] n. 酗酒；酒精中毒97, psychosis [psai'kəusis] n. 精神病；精神错乱98, palpitate ['pælpiteit] vi. 发抖；（心脏）悸动；跳动vt. 使发抖第七课Text:1, fiction ['fikʃən] n. 小说；虚构，编造；谎言2, monumental [,mɔnju'mentəl] adj. 不朽的；纪念碑的；非常的3, excerpt [ek'sə:pt, 'eksə:pt] n. 摘录，引用vt. 引用，摘录vi. 摘录，引用4, flung [flʌŋ] vt. 挥动（fling的过去式及过去分词形式）5, inflict [in'flikt] vt. 给予（打击等）；使遭受（损伤、痛苦等）；造成6, avarice ['ævəris] n. 贪婪，贪财7, chivalrous ['ʃivəlrəs] adj. 侠义的；有武士风度的；骑士的8, stuart n. 英国斯图亚特王室；斯图尔特（男子名，等于Stewart）9, utmost ['ʌtməust] n. 极限；最大可能adj. 极度的；最远的10, sordid ['sɔ:did] adj. 肮脏的；卑鄙的；利欲熏心的；色彩暗淡的11, hideous ['hidiəs] adj. 可怕的；丑恶的12, pervade [pə:'veid, pə-] vt. 弥漫；遍及13, conqueror ['kɔŋkərə] n. 胜利者；征服者14, conquer ['kɔŋkə] vt. 战胜，征服；攻克，攻取vi. 得胜；胜利Suet15, vessel ['vesəl] n. 容器，器皿；船，舰；脉管，血管16, perpetually adv. 永恒地，持久地17, coursing ['kɔ:siŋ] n. 追赶；奔驰；携带猎犬狩猎v. 跑过；追逐；指引航线（course的ing形式）18, illumination [i,lju:mi'neiʃən] n. 照明；[光]照度；启发；阐明；灯饰（需用复数）19, substantial [səb'stænʃəl] adj. 大量的；实质的；内容充实的n. 本质；重要材料20, anecdotes n. 奇闻轶事（anecdote的复数）21, handful ['hændful] n. 一把；少数；棘手事22, parish ['pæriʃ] n. 教区23, impropriety [,imprə'praiəti] n. 不适当；不正确；用词错误；不正当行为24, conspicuous [kən'spikjuəs] adj. 显著的；显而易见的25, whisk [hwisk] vt. 拂，掸；挥动；搅拌vi. 飞奔，疾过n. 扫帚；搅拌器；毛掸子26, conceal [kən'si:l] vt. 隐藏；隐瞒27, deplorable [di'plɔ:rəbl] adj. 可叹的；凄惨的28, bishop ['biʃəp] n. 主教heiress29, poach [pəutʃ] vt. 水煮；偷猎；窃取；把…踏成泥浆vi. 偷猎；侵犯；剽窃30, poacher ['pəutʃə] n. 偷猎者；侵入者；炖蛋锅escapade31, hub [hʌb] n. 中心；毂；木片32, adventurous [əd'ventʃərəs] adj. 爱冒险的；大胆的；充满危险的33, agog [ə'ɡɔɡ] adj. 兴奋的；有强烈兴趣的adv. 热切地；渴望地34, scribble ['skribl] n. 潦草写成的东西；潦草的写法；杂文vt. 乱写；滥写；潦草地书写vi. 乱写；乱涂betrothed35, stapler ['steplə] n. 订书机；主要商品批发商；把羊毛分级的人petticoat36, parcel ['pɑ:sl] n. 包裹，小包vt. 打包；捆扎37, hedge [hedʒ] vt. 用树篱笆围住；避免作正面答复vi. 用树篱围住；避免作正面答复n. 树篱；障碍man-guffawed38, bellow ['beləu] vt. 大声喊叫；大声发出vi. 吼叫；怒吼；咆哮n. 吼叫声；轰鸣声39, poodle ['pu:dl] n. 狮子狗vt. 剪毛40, tavern ['tævən] n. 酒馆；客栈41, roam [rəum] vi. 漫游，漫步；流浪vt. 在…流浪；在…漫步，漫游n. 漫步，漫游；流浪42, lust [lʌst] n. 性欲；强烈的欲望vi. 贪求，渴望43, oddly ['ɔdli] adv. 古怪地；奇妙地；单数地44, tangle ['tæŋɡl] n. 混乱状态；纠纷vt. 使纠缠；处于混乱状态vi. 乱作一团；缠结45, deceased [di'si:st] adj. 已故的n. 死者；[法]被继承人vi. 死亡（decease的过去式）46, servile ['sə:vail, -vil-] adj. 奴隶的；卑屈的；奴性的；卑屈的47, blaze [bleiz] vt. 在树皮上刻路标；公开宣布n. 火焰，烈火；光辉；情感爆发vi. 燃烧；激发；照耀，发光48, duck [dʌk] n. 鸭子；鸭肉；（英）宝贝儿；[版]零分vi. 闪避；没入水中vt. 躲避；猛按…入水49, devil ['devəl] n. 撒旦；魔鬼；恶棍；家伙vt. 折磨50, mute [mju:t] adj. 哑的；沉默的；无声的vt. 减弱……的声音；使……柔和n. 弱音器；哑巴；闭锁音51, glorious ['ɡlɔ:riəs] adj. 光荣的；辉煌的；极好的52, moor [muə, mɔ:] vt. 系住；使停泊n. 沼泽；荒野crooning53, beguiling [bi'ɡailiŋ] adj. 欺骗的；消遣的；令人陶醉的v. 欺骗；使愉快地度过；迷住（beguile的ing形式）54, wizard ['wizəd] n. 男巫；术士；奇才adj. 男巫的；巫术的55, mock [mɔk] vt. 嘲弄；模仿；使…失望；使…无效vi. 嘲弄，嘲笑n. 嘲弄；仿制品；嘲笑对象adj. 模拟的；假装的；伪造的adv. 虚伪地56, asunder [ə'sʌndə] adv. 化为碎片地；分离地adj. 分成碎片的；分离的57, thwart [θwɔ:t] vt. 横过；反对；阻碍；挫败adj. 横放的；固执的n. 划手座；独木舟的横梁adv. 横过prep. 横过58, sanity ['sænəti] n. 明智；头脑清楚；精神健全；通情达理59, memoir ['memwɑ:] n. 自传；实录；回忆录；研究报告60, sneaky ['sni:ki] adj. 鬼鬼祟祟的；暗中的，卑鄙的Reading skills:61, archeological [,ɑ:kiə'lɔdʒikəl] adj. 考古学的archeolgist62, renowned [ri'naund] adj. 著名的；有声望的v. 使有声誉63, artifact ['ɑ:tifækt] n. 手工艺品；人工制品64, excavation [,ekskə'veiʃən] n. 挖掘，发掘65, eminent ['eminənt] adj. 杰出的；有名的；明显的66, unveil [,ʌn'veil] vt. 揭幕；使公诸于众，揭开vi. 除去面纱；显露67, ornament ['ɔ:nəmənt, 'ɔ:nəment] n. 装饰；装饰物；教堂用品vt. 装饰，修饰68, expedition [,ekspi'diʃən] n. 远征；迅速；探险队69, relish ['reliʃ] n. 滋味；风味；食欲；开胃小菜；含义vt. 喜爱；品味；给…加佐料vi. 有特定意味；味道可口70, coherent [kəu'hiərənt]adj. 连贯的，一致的；凝聚性的；明了的；清晰的；互相偶合的；粘在一起的71, trowel ['trauəl] vt. 用抹子涂抹；用小泥铲挖n. （砌砖用的）泥刀；（抹灰用的）抹子；（园艺用的）泥铲72, dehydration [,di:hai'dreiʃən] n. 脱水talisman73, semitic adj. 闪米特人的；闪族语系的n. 闪族人；闪语族74, expel [ik'spel] vt. 驱逐；开除75, expelling n. 压榨法；驱逐；排出v. 驱逐（expel的ing形式）76, refugee [,refju'dʒi:, 'refjudʒi:] n. 难民，避难者；流亡者，逃亡者77, materialist [mə'tiəriəlist] n. 唯物主义者；实利主义者78, lure [ljuə] n. 诱惑物；诱惑；饵vt. 引诱；诱惑79, pipeline ['paip,lain] n. 管道；传递途径；输油管Fast reading:80, riddle ['ridl] vt. 解谜；给...出谜；充满于vi. 出谜n. 粗筛；谜语；谜一般的人、东西、事情等81, critically adv. 危急地；精密地；批评性地；用钻研眼光地82, semantic [si'mæntik] adj. 语义的；语义学的（等于semantical）83, mustache [mə'stɑ:ʃ, 'mʌstæʃ] n. 胡子，髭mustachioed84, poll [pəul] n. 民意测验；投票；投票数；投票所vt. 剪短；对…进行民意测验；获得选票；投票vi. 投票adj. 剪过毛的；修过枝的；无角的85, contentious [kən'tenʃəs] adj. 爱争论的；有异议的，引起争论的；[法]诉讼的86, contraception [,kɔntrə'sepʃən] n. [医]避孕87, delegate ['deliɡət, -ɡeit, 'deliɡeit] vt. 委派…为代表n. 代表88, literacy ['litərəsi] n. 读写能力；精通文学89, undervalue [,ʌndə'vælju:] vt. 低估...之价值；看轻90, unpaid adj. 未付款的；未缴纳的；无报酬的underpaid91, virtually ['və:tʃuəli] adv. 事实上，几乎；实质上第八课Text:1, agony ['æɡəni] n. 极大的痛苦；苦恼；临死的挣扎2, hazard ['hæzəd] vt. 赌运气；冒…的危险，使遭受危险n. 危险，冒险；冒险的事3, precaution [pri'kɔ:ʃən] n. 预防，警惕；预防措施vt. 预先警告；警惕4, heroin ['herəuin] n. 海洛因，吗啡5, hook [huk] n. 挂钩，吊vt. 钩住；引上钩vi. 钩住；弯成钩状6, hooked [hukt] adj. 钩状的；吸毒成瘾的；入迷的v. 用钩固定；捉住（hook的过去分词）7, nicotine ['nikəti:n, -tin, ,nikə'ti:n] n. [化]尼古丁；烟碱8, skit [skit] n. 讽刺文；滑稽短剧9, inoculation [i'nɔkju'leiʃən] n. 接种；接木；接插芽10, branded ['brændid]adj. 名牌商标的；打有烙印的；[英方]有斑纹的（等于brindled）v. 铭刻（brand的过去式和过去分词）weirdo11, weird [wiəd] adj. 怪异的；不可思议的；超自然的n. （苏格兰）命运；预言12, taunt [tɔ:nt, tɑ:nt] n. 嘲弄；讥讽vt. 逗弄；奚落adj. 很高的13, steer [stiə] vt. 驾驶；控制，引导vi. 驾驶，掌舵；行驶14, refusal [ri'fju:zəl, ri:-] n. 拒绝；优先取舍权；推却；取舍权15, inoculate [i'nɔkjuleit] vt. [医]接种；[植]嫁接；灌输16, germ [dʒə:m] n. 细菌；胚芽，萌芽vi. 萌芽17, peer [piə] vi. 凝视，盯着看；窥视vt. 封为贵族；与…同等n. 贵族；同等的人18, pee [pi:] n. 尿；撒尿vi. 撒尿vt. 小便19, sheriff ['ʃerif] n. 州长；郡治安官；执行吏20, rehearse [ri'hə:s] vt. 排练；预演vi. 排练；演习21, interfere [,intə'fiə] vi. 干涉；打扰；妨碍vt. 冲突；介入emphysema 22, annoyance [ə'nɔiəns] n. 烦恼；可厌之事；打扰Hazard23, destructive [di'strʌktiv] adj. 破坏的；毁灭性的；有害的，消极的24, stamina ['steiminə, 'stæ-] n. 精力；活力；毅力；持久力25, hag [hæɡ] n. 丑老太婆；女巫26, premature [,premə'tjuə, ,pri:-] adj. 比预期早的；不成熟的；早产的n. 早产儿；过早发生的事物27, outcast ['autkɑ:st, -kæst, ,aut'kɑ:st, -'kæst]n. 流浪的人；被驱逐的人adj. 被遗弃的；被逐出的；无家可归的28, ashtray ['æʃtrei] n. 烟灰缸29, mint [mint] n. 薄荷；造币厂，巨款vt. 铸造，铸币30, slink [sliŋk] vi. 潜逃；溜走vt. 早产；潜逃n. 早产的动物；鬼鬼祟祟的人adj. 早产的31, stairwell ['stεəwel] n. 楼梯井32, rite [rait] n. 仪式；惯例，习俗；典礼33, adulthood ['ædʌlthud, ə'dʌlt-] n. 成年；成人期34, rebellion [ri'beljən] n. 叛乱；反抗；谋反；不服从35, bait [beit] vt. 引诱；在…中放诱饵；折磨n. 饵；诱饵vi. 中途休息36, contradict [,kɔntrə'dikt] vt. 反驳；否定；与…矛盾；与…抵触vi. 反驳；否认；发生矛盾reading skills:37, devices n. 设备；装置；器件（device的复数）38, capture ['kæptʃə] vt. 俘获；夺得n. 战利品，俘虏；捕获39, economize [i'kɔnəmaiz] vi. 节约，节省；有效地利用vt. 节约，节省；有效地利用40, huddle ['hʌdl] vt. 把...挤在一起；使缩成一团；草率了事vi. 挤作一团；蜷缩n. 拥挤；混乱；杂乱一团41, patent ['peitənt] vt. 取得…的专利权；授予专利adj. 专利的；新奇的；显然的n. 专利权；专利品；执照42, galore adv. 丰富地adj. 丰富的；大量的43, wretched ['retʃid] adj. 可怜的；卑鄙的；令人苦恼或难受的44, teeming ['ti:miŋ] adj. 多产的，丰富的；热闹的v. 充满（teem的现在分词）45, influx ['inflʌks] n. 流入；汇集；河流的汇集处46, replete [ri'pli:t] adj. 充满的；装满的n. 贮蜜蚁47, disproportion [disprə'pɔ:ʃən] n. 不均衡；不相称vt. 使不均衡48, cull [kʌl] vt. 精选；采集（鲜花等）；剔除n. 剔出来杀掉的动物；拣出的等外品49, befit [bi'fit] vt. 适合于；为…该做的；对…适当50, slump [slʌmp] vi. 下降，衰落；倒下n. 暴跌；衰退；消沉vt. 使衰落；使倒下；使降低51, outward ['autwəd] adj. 外面的；向外的；公开的；外服的；肉体的adv. 在外；向外（等于outwards）；显而易见地n. 外表；外面；物质世界52, lobby ['lɔbi]n. 大厅；休息室；会客室；游说议员的团体vt. 对……进行游说vi. 游说议员53, pledge [pledʒ] n. 抵押；保证，誓言；抵押品，典当物vt. 保证，许诺；用……抵押；举杯祝……健康54, proportion [prəu'pɔ:ʃən] n. 比例；部分；均衡；面积vt. 使成比例；分摊；使均衡55, financed v. 提供经费、筹资；提供资金（finance的过去分词）56, dole [dəul] n. 赈济物；施舍品；[口]失业救济金vt. 发放救济；以小份发给57, revenue ['revənju:, -nu:] n. 税收，国家的收入；收益58, woo [wu:] vt. 追求；招致；向…求爱；恳求vi. 求爱；恳求59, rungs n. 梯级（rung的复数形式）Fast reading:60, indigestion [,indi'dʒestʃən, ,indai-] n. 消化不良；不消化61, constipation [,kɔnsti'peiʃən] n. [医]便秘；受限制62, giddy ['ɡidi] adj. 头晕的；眼花的；令人眼花缭乱的；轻浮的vt. 使晕眩；使眼花缭乱vi. 眩晕；眼花63, puff [pʌf] vt. 喷出，张开；夸张；使膨胀；使骄傲自满vi. 张开；鼓吹；夸张；膨胀n. 一阵喷烟；粉扑；泡芙；蓬松；肿块；吹嘘，宣传广告64, puffs n. 一阵；喘息（puff的复数）v. 吹气；喘息（puff的三单形式）65, crave [kreiv] vt. 恳求；渴望vi. 渴望；恳求66, opiate ['əupiət, -eit, 'əupieit] n. 鸦片制剂；麻醉剂；镇静剂adj. 含鸦片的；安眠的vt. 用鸦片麻醉；使缓和67, prescription [pris'kripʃən] n. 药方；惯例；指示adj. 凭处方方可购买的68, bonfire ['bɔn,faiə] n. 营火；篝火69, hypnosis [hip'nəusis] n. 催眠状态；催眠70, rabbit ['ræbit] n. 兔子，野兔vt. 让…见鬼去吧vi. 猎兔71, celery ['seləri] n. 芹菜。
大学英语专业泛读教程第三册课文翻译
UNIT 1课文一新造词英语中每天都有新词出现。
你知道这些词是怎么产生的吗？阅读下文你就能找到造英语单词的各种方法。
学者们估计英语大约有600 000个单词，不过也许更多。
新的词语不断进入英语，其速度之快，大概没有一本字典能跟得上。
几个世纪以前，源于盎格鲁•撒克逊语、日尔曼语以及法语的原有词汇，占英语的五分之四。
余下的五分之一，一部分由外来词组成，另外的部分由其它三种词组成，它们是：表示人名、地名的专有名词；象声词以及新造的词。
安培、伏特和瓦特都是电学的计量单位，它们都是用发现者的名字命名的，他们分别是是法国物理学家安德烈•M•安培、意大利物理学家阿勒森德罗•伏特、苏格兰工程师兼发明家詹姆士•瓦特。
今天我们都喝用巴氏灭菌法消毒的牛奶，这种奶即清又纯。
巴氏灭菌法便得名于法国医生路易斯•巴斯德，是他发明了消毒牛奶的制作方法。
在英语中像这样的词有许多。
象声词代表它们模仿的事物或行为的声音。
现举例如下：嗡嗡滴答砰砰咕哝喳喳嚎啕扑通啪啪嘀咕咯咯嘤嘤呼哧对于上述单词无需再作任何解释，因为它们不言自明。
或许你还可以想出更多类似的单词来。
接下来是新造的词。
讲英语的人总是根据需要创造词汇，而且每天仍在这样做。
一种新造的词是由另外两个词构成的。
字典里将这种词称为复合词。
如果把“玩耍”和“物品”放在一起，我们就可以得到复合词“玩具”。
你还能为下表添加多少类似的词呢？雨衣奶昔楼上停顿前灯关闭帆船楼下收入标题除了把两个词放在一起之外，我们还可以给单词添加一些成分，即前缀和后缀。
大多数前缀和后缀来自拉丁语和希腊语，而且它们都有自己特别的意义。
当我们在词的前面加前缀或在其后面加后缀时，我们就改变了它的意思。
例如，前缀re-意思为“再”。
如果把re-加到“作”或者“画”的前面，我们就得到了两个新词，意思为“再作一次”和“再画一次”。
Un-意思为“相反的”或者“不”。
把un-加到“快乐的”或者“和蔼的”前边，我们就得到了“不快乐”和“不和蔼”。
泛读教程第三册cloze答案原文
泛读教程第三册cloze答案原文Unit1. The ability to predict what the writer is going/ about/ trying to say next is both an aid to understanding and a sign of it.A prediction begins from the moment you read the title and from expectations of what he book is likely to contain. Even if the expectations/predictions are contradicted, they are useful because they have started you thinking about the topic and made you actively involved.If you formulate your predictions as questions which you think the text may answer, you are preparing yourself to read for a purpose: to see which of your questions are in fact dealt with and what answers are offered. If your reading is more purposeful you are likely to understand better.Naturally your predictions/expectations will not always be correct. This does not matter at all as long as you recognize when they are wrong, and why. In fact mistaken predictions can tell you the source of misunderstanding and help you to avoid certain false assumptions.Prediction is possible at a number of levels. From the title of the book you can know/foretell the topic and the possibly something about the treatment. From the beginning of the sentences, you can often predict how the sentence will end. Between these extremes, you can predict what will happen next in a story, or how a writer will develop/present his argument, or what methods will be used to test a hypothesis.Because prediction ensures the reader’s active involvement, it is worth training./doc/f215401730.html,cation is not anend, but a means to an end. In other words, we do not educate children just/only for the purpose of educating them. Our purpose is to fit them for life.In many modern countries it has for some time been fashionable to think that, by free education for all, one can solve all the problems of society and build a perfect nation. But we can already see that free education for all is not enough; we find in some/many countries a far larger number of people with university degrees than there are jobs for them to fill. Because of their degrees, they refuse to do what they think to be "low" work, and, in fact, work with hands is thought to be dirty and shameful in such countries.But we have only to think a moment to see/know/understand that the work of a completely uneducated farmer is far more important than that of a professor. We can live without education, but we die if we have no food. If no one cleaned our streets and took the rubbish away from our houses, we should get terrible diseases in our towns.In fact, when we say that all of us must be educated to fit ourselves for life, it means that we must be ready/willing/educated/taught to do whatever job suited to our brain and ability, and to realize that all jobs are necessary to society, that is very wrong/incorrect/erroneous to be ashamed of one's work or to scorn someone else’s. Only such a type of education can be called valuable to society.Unit3. Human beings learn to communicate with each other will nonlinguistic means as well as linguistic ways/means/ones. All of us are famil iar with the say it wasn’t what he said; it was the way that he said it when, by using/saying the word way we mean something about the particular vice quality that was inevidence., or the set of a shoulder, or the obvious tension of certain muscles. A message may even be sent by the accompanying tone and gestures, so that each of I’m ready, you are beautiful, and I don’t know where he is can mean the opposite of any such interpretation. Often we have/meet/encounter/experience difficulty in finding exactly what in the communication causes the change of meaning, and any statement we make leads to the source of the gap between the literal meaning of the words and the total message that is likely to be expressed in impressionistic terms. It is likely to refer to some thing like a “glint” in a person’s eyes, or a “threatening” gesture, or “provocative” manner.Unit4. How do the birds find their way on their enormously long journeys? The young birds are not taught the road by their parents, because often the parents fly off first. We have no idea how the birds find their way, particularly as many of them fly at/by night, when landmarks could hardly be seen. And other birds migrate over the sea, where there are no landmarks at all.A certain kind of plover, for instance/example, nests in Canada. At the end of the summer these birds migrate from Canada to South America; they fly 2,500 miles, non-stop, over the ocean. Not only is this very long flight an extraordinary feat of endurance, but there are no landmarks on the ocean to guide/direct the birds.It has been suggested that birds can sense the magnetic lines of force stretching from the north to south magnetic pole of the earth, and so direct themselves. But all experiments hitherto made to see whether magnetism has any effect/influence whatsoever on animals have given negative results. Still, where there is such a biological mystery as migration, even improbableexperiments are worth trying. It/this was being done in Poland, before the invasion of that country, on the possible influence of magnetism on path-finding. Magnets were attached to the birds’ heads to see if/whether their direction-sense was confused thereby. These unfinished experiments had, of course, to be stopped.Unit5. Man first existed on earth half a million years ago. Then he was little more than an animal; but early man had several big advantages over the animals. He had a large head/brain, he had an upright body, he had clever hands; he had in his brain special groups of nerve cells, not found in animals, that enabled him to invent a language and use it to communicate with his fellow men. The ability to speak was of very great use/value/significance/importance because it was allowed men to share ideas, and to plan together, so that tasks impossible for a single person could be successfully under-taken by intelligent team-work. Speech also enabled ideas to be passed on from generation to generation so that the stock of human knowledge slowly increased.It was these special advantages that put men far ahead of all other living creatures in the struggle for survival/existence. They can use their intelligence handing/overcoming their difficulties and master them.Unit6. Language varies according to sex and occupation. The language of man differs subtly from that of women. Men do not usually use expressions such as “its darling,” and women tend not to swear as extensively as men. Likewise, the language used in addressing men and women differs subtly: we can compliment a man on a new necktie with the compliment/words“what a pretty tie, that is!” but not with “how pretty you look today!”---- an expression reserved for complimenting a woman. The occupation of a person causes his language to vary, particular in the use he makes of technical terms, that is, in the use he makes of the jargon of his vacation. Soldiers, dentist, hairdressers, mechanics, yachtsmen, and skiers all have their particular special languages. Sometimes the consequence is that such persons have difficulty in communicating with people outside the vacation on professional maters because the technical vocabulary is not understood by all. Although we can relate certain kinds of jargon to levels of occupation and professional training, we must also note that all occupations have some jargon, even these of the criminal underworld. There may well be a more highly developed use of jargon in occupations that require considerable education, in which words, and the concepts they use, are manipulated rather than objects, for example in the legal and teaching circle/world/field and in the world of finance.Unit7. The space age began on October 4, 1957, when Sputnik I was launched. This first man-made satellite was followed by many others, some of which went around the sun. Now the conquest of the space between the planets, and between the earth and the sun, continues at a rapid rate.Each mew satellite and space probe gives scientists new information. As men explore outer space, some of the questions they have long asked/wondered about will be answered at last.The greatest question of all concerns life itself. Is there intelligent life out side the earth? Are there people, or creatures of some sort/kind living on Mars, Venus, or some other planet of the solar system? Are there planets orbiting/going/circling around stars other than our sun?The only kind of life we know about would have to be upona planet. Only a planet would have the temperatures and gas that all living things seem to need. Until a short time ago, we thought there were only a few planets. T oday, scientists believe that many stars have planets going around them.We know that there are nine planets in our own solar system-Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. If any other planets exist in our solar system, or anywhere else, our telescopes are not powerful enough to pick up their feeblereflected light. But astronomers guess that one star in a hundred has at least one planet where life could exist.We are quite sure that life could begin on a young planet. A new plant would be likely to contain great seas, together with heavy clouds of water vapor and other gases. Electric storms would be common. It is possible that simple living cells might from when electricity passed through the clouds. An experiment made in 1952 at the University of Chicago seems to prove this. By passing electricity through nonliving materials, scientist made cells like those of living creatures.Unit8. At the beginning of the nineteenth century the only acceptable roles for women were domestic there was virtually nothing for them to do except stay at home or hire out as maids, governesses, and, before long, teachers. Women were not allowed to own property-in most cases, not even the clothes they wore. A working wife was not allowed to keep her wages but was required to turn them over to her husband. In case of separation or divorce, a woman had no legal claims on her husband and was not allowed to keep the children. She had to legal status, which meant that she was not permitted to bring suit or to give testimony in courts. Often, she was not permitted to inheritproperty or to make a will. She was barred from public office and excluded form public life generally. For the most part, women lacked opportunities for education, vocational training, and professional employment. The national consensus was that women belong in the home, and determined efforts were made to see that they stayed there.Unit9. Sydney’s best feature is her harbor. Most Sydneysid ers can see at least a glimpse of blue sea from their windows. Nearly everyone lives within an hour from a beach. On weekends sails of all shapes, sizes and colors glide across the water. Watching the yacht races is a favorite Saturday activity.The harbor divides Sydney into north and south sections. The harbor bridge connects the two. It was built in 1932 and cost 20 million.Another Sydney symbol stands on the harbor shore. Sydney’s magnificent opera house celebrated its 20th anniversary last year. Danish designer Jorn Utzon won an international contest with his design. The structure contains several auditoria and theaters. But not all concerts are held in the building. Sunday afternoon concerts on th e building’s outer walk attract many listeners.Sydney’s trendy suburb is Paddington. Houses are tightly packed together. Many were first built for Victorian artists. Now fashionable shops, restaurants, arts galleries and interesting people fill the area. The best time to visit is Saturday, when vendors sell everything. So there is one of the world’s most attractive cities --- Sydney, Austrian.Unit 10 Architectural design influences how privacy is a chieved as well as how social contact is made in public places. The concept of privacy is not unique to a particular culture butwhat it means is culturally determined.People in the United States tend to achieve privacy by physically separating themselves from others. The expression “good fences make good neighbors” is a preference for privacy from neighbors’ homes. If a family can afford it, each child has his or her own bedroom. When privacy is needed, family members may close their bedroom doors.In some cultures when individuals need privacy, it is acceptable for them simply to look into themselves. That is, they do not need to remove themselves physically from a group in order to achieve privacy.Young American children learn the rule “knock before you enter” which teaches them to respect others’ privacy. Pa rents, too, often follow this rule prior to entering their children’s rooms. When a bedroom door is closed it may be a(n) sign to others saying, “I need privacy,” “I’m angry,” or “Do not disturb. I’ busy.” For Americans, the physical division of space and the use of architectural features permit a sense of privacy. The way space is used to help the individual to achieve privacy, to build homes or to design cities if culturally influenced. Dr. Hall summarizes the relationship between individuals and their physical surroundings:Man and his extensions constitute one interrelated system. It is a mistake to act as though man was one thing and his house or his cities, or his language wee something else.Unit11. The Library of Congress is the largest library in the world. Its books, pamphlets, documents, manuscripts, official, papers, photographs, and prints amount to some 86 million items---a number that swells day by day----housed on 535 miles of shelves.Congress authorized a library in 1800, which amounted to three thousand books and afew maps when it was destroyed when the British burned the Capitol in 1814. to replace it, Thomas Jefferson sold the government his own library of almost 6500 volumes---the finest in the nation at the time. The collection, again housed in the Capitol, had grown to 55000 when a fire burned more than half of it. In 1866 a portion of the Smithsonian Institution’s library was added to the library of Congress, and in the same year the government entered an international program by which copies of U.S. documents were exchanged for those of other countries. The copyright law of 1870 ensured the library would always be up to date by requiring publishers to send two copies of each book published to the library in order to obtain copyright.By 1870 the collections had outgrown its Capitol quarters. A suggestion to raise the Capitol dome and fill it with bookshelves was rejected, and in 1873 Congress authorized a competition for the design of a library building. A variety of disputes delayed co nstruction for more than a de cade, but the library’s Thomas Jefferson Building was finally opened in 1897.Unit12. As a nation, we starting to realize that we can’t solve the solid waste dilemma just by finding new places to put trash. Across the country, many individuals, communities and business have found creative ways to reduce and better manage their trash through a coordinated mix of practices that includes source reduction.Simply put source reduction is waste prevention. It includes many actions that reduce the disposal amount and harmfulness of waste created. Source reduction can conserve resources, reduce pollution, and help cut waste disposal and handing costs(it avoids the costs of recycling, landfilling, and combustion).Source reduction is a basic solution to too much garbage: less waste means less of a waste problem. Because source reduction actually prevents the increase of waste in the first place, it comes before other measures that deal with trash after it is already generated. After source reduction, recycling is the preferred waste management option because it reduces the amount of waste going to landfills and conserves resources.Unit13. The first step in helping the patient is to accept and acknowledge his illness. The cause of symptoms must be found, and measures to relieve them and to prevent recurrence must be taken. Thorough examinations are essential. Although the physician may suspect that the illness is due to emotional rather than physical cause, he must search carefully for any evidence of physical disease. It is not unknown for an illness considered psychosomatic to be later diagnosed as cancer or some other disease. The thorough search for physical causes of the symptoms helps to gain the patient’s confidence. He knows that his condition and symptoms are being taken seriously. If no organic basis for his complaints is found, he usually will find this news easier to accept when he knows he has had a thorough examination. Finding no physical cause for the disorder points the way to understandi ng the patient’s condition. What is the cause? Is it emotional stress? If so, what kind? What are the problems which are upsetting the patients?Unit14. The work of French scientist Jean Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) has contributed to the theory of evolution. Lamarck believed that the environment shaped the nature/trait/characteristic of plant and animal life. he believed that the bodies of plants and animals changed/had to fit theirenvironment and a useful physical change would be passed on to the plant’s or animal’s offspring.For example, Lamarck thought that giraffes developed long necks because they had to stretch to get/eat the leaves of tall trees for food. Lamarck didn’t think that giraffes possessed/developed/had long necks all at once, however. He thought that the earliest group of giraffes stretched/lengthened their necks a small amount. Their offspring inherited this longer neck. The offspring then stretched their necks a little bit longer. They passed this even longer neck on to their own offspring. After many generations, giraffes developed the long necks that they have today.Not all of Lamarck’s theory is accepted today. Most scientists do not believe that the environment has a(n) effect/influence on the evolution of life forms. Nut t hey don’t agree with the notion/idea that a physical change in a plant’s or animal’s body is passed on to the offspring. Instead, they believe that a change must occur in the plant’s or animal’s cells before a change in offspring can take place.Unit15.In a very big city, in which millions of people live and work, fast, frequent means of transportation are of the greatest importance. In London, where most people live long distance/away from their work, all officers, factories and schools would have to choose if the buses, the trains and the Underground stopped work.Originally the London Underground had steam trains which were not very different from other English trains, except that they went along in big holes under the ground in order to keep away from the crowded city above their heads. Steam trains used coal, which filled the underground stations with terrible smoke. As aresult, the old trains were taken away, and electric ones put in their place. Now the London Underground is very clean, and the electric trains make faster runs possible.At every Underground station/stop there are maps of all the Underground lines in London, so that it is easy to see how to get wherever one wants to go. Each station has its name written up clearly and in large letters several times, so that one can see when one comes to where one must get out. At some stations one can change to a different underground train, and in some places, such as Piccadilly, there are actually three lines crossing each other. The trains on the three lines are not on the same level, so that there should not be accidents. T o change trains, one has to go up or down some stairs to a new level. It would be tiring to have to walk up these stairs/steps, so the stairs are made to move themselves, and all that the people/passengers have to do is to stand and be carried up or down to where they wish. In fact, everything is done to make the Underground fast and efficient.Unit16.Why “grandfather” clock? Well, these clocks were passed through the family and so were always thought of as “grandfather’s clock.” But the first domestic timepieces were hung from a nail on the wall. Unfortunately dust got into the works and even worse children used to swing from the weights and the pendulum. So first the face and works and then the weights and the pendulum were protected by wooden cases. Before long the clock was nearly all case and was stood on the ground/floor and called, not surprisingly, a long-case clock. These “grandfather” clocks were very expensive, m ade as they were from fine wood, often beautifully carved or decorated with ivory. Famous makers of this period included Thomas Tompion, John Harrison and Edward East, but don’t get too excited if youfind that the clock Grandma left you has one of these names on the back. Before you start jumping up and downing and shouting, “we’re rich, we’re rich,” remember that plenty of people before the 20th century had the idea of making cheap clocks/timepieces of famous original and “borrowing” the names of their be tt ers. And don’t forget that the first chiming mechanism wasn’t invented/created/made until 1695, so a chiming clock, however charming it sounds, will date from the 18th century. A fake/false/imitated late 17th century grandfather clock made by East sold recently for just under 20000.Unit17. Suppose you send your child off to the movies for three hours next Sunday. And three hours on Monday and the same number of hours Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, and Saturday. Thus is essentially what is happening to the average child in American today, except it is not the screen in the movie house down the street he sits in front of, it is instead the television set right in your own house.According to the Nielsen Index figures for TV viewing, it is dais that by the time a child graduates from high school he has had 11000 hours of schooling, as opposed to 15000 hours of viewing. I would like to repeat that. By the time the child is 18 years old, he has spent more hours in front of TV than he has in school. Over TV he will have witnessed by that time some 18000 murders and countless highly detailed cases of robbery, arson, bombing, shooting, beatings, forgery, smuggling, and torture---averaging approximately cone per minute in the standard television cartoon for children under the age of ten. In general, seventy-five percent of all network dramatic programs contain violence.Dr. Albert Bandura of Standford University reaches/drawstwo conclusions about violence on TV: (1) that it tends to reduce the child’s inhibi ti ons against acting in a violent, aggressive manner, and (2) that children will imitate what they see. Dr. Bandura points out that a child won’t necessarily run out and attack the first person he sees after watching violence on the screen, but that, if provoked later on, he may very well put what he has learned into practice.One of the lessons of television is that, violence works. If you have a problem with someone, the school of TV says to slap him in the face, stab him in the back. Because most of the program has shown how well violence has paid off, punishment at the end tends not to have much of an inhibitory effect.。
新概念英语美音版第三册译文：Lesson13It′sonlyme
新概念英语美音版第三册译文：Lesson13It′sonlyme新观点英语美音版第三册译文：Lesson 13 It ′ s onmeLesson 13 'It's only me'“是我，别惧怕”Listen to the tape then answer the question below.听录音，而后回答以下问题。
What did the man expect to find under the stairs?After her husband had gone to work, Mrs. Richards sent herchildren to school and went upstairs to her bedroom.理查兹夫人等丈夫上班走后，把孩子送去上学，而后到达楼上自己的寝室。
She was too excited to do any housework that morning, forin the evening she would be going to a fancy-dress party withher husband.那一天上午，她喜悦得什么家务活都不想做，由于夜晚她要同丈夫一同参加一个化妆舞会。
She intended to dress up as a ghost and as she had madeher costume the night before, she was impatient to try it on.她打算装束成鬼的模样。
头天夜晚她已把化妆服做好，这时她急于想试一试。
Though the costume consisted only of a sheet, it wasvery effective.即便化妆服仅由一个被单制成，却十分传神。
After putting it on, Mrs. Richards went downstairs.理查兹夫人穿上化妆服后下了楼，She wanted to find out whether it would be comfortableto wear.想看破起来能否舒畅。
英语泛读教程3第三册课文翻译UNIT13
英语泛读教程3第三册课文翻译UNIT13 UNIT13道德、猿和我们马克D·豪泽有人看见一只雌性的大猩猩救助一个不省人事的3岁男童。
她为什么那样做？她是否也有同理心？动物能学会共享、合作、惩罚，以及表示出同理心？下面的这篇文章试图回答这个问题。
将近四年前，一个芝加哥郊外布鲁克菲尔德动物园的游客，用摄像机拍下了一个令人惊讶的事情。
一个3岁的男孩掉进了大猩猩的围场里，失去了知觉。
一会儿，宾蒂·朱叶，一只雌性大猩猩，走了过来，抱起了这个失去知觉的男孩，把他搂在怀中。
然后她走过去，把男孩轻轻地放在管理员出入的门口。
报纸大幅标题赫然标着："大猩猩救男孩，"这件事打动了全国人的心。
大多数报道认为，宾蒂救那个男孩，是因为她对他的处境进行了换位思考。
尽管大猩猩做的事情确凿无疑，她为什么要这样做，还有许多疑问。
她是不是意识到孩子不省人事？她是不是关心他的安危？对一个有知觉的男孩，一只猫，一个玩具熊，或者一袋土豆片，她也会这样做吗？不管报纸的标题怎样暗示了宾蒂的道德素质，答案绝非是清楚的。
例如，发展心理学家苏珊·凯里和弗兰克·凯尔的研究表明，小孩快10岁时才能完全识别死东西和活东西的区别。
而且到今天为止，没有一项猿类智能研究接近于表明，猩猩、大猩猩或是黑猩猩，具有一个10岁的人的智力水平。
我们只能猜测为什么宾蒂那样做。
而且，一次偶然的事件也不足以保证结论正确。
但是宾蒂的行为确实引起了公众和科学界对这个大问题的兴趣：什么智力特点引起我们符合道德地行动，多大程度上别的动物也具有这些工具？作为一个心理学家，我对我们用来解答这些问题的方法很感兴趣：别的生物也能够共享、合作、惩罚骗子，表现同理心，以及行动无私吗？在一项1988年的研究中，苏黎世大学的人种学者爱德华·斯塔姆贝奇对长尾猕猴进行了一次试验，以测试它们控制攻击性的行为和相互合作的能力。
首先，每只猴子都接受一种训练，按一下一种装置上的杠杆，就能得到一把爆米花。
泛读第三册课文翻译
泛读第三册课文翻译第一单元第一篇脐带血:未来的干细胞研究吗?明尼苏达大学的研究人员最近宣布,他们能够在很大程度上扭转中风影响在实验室老鼠发现利用干细胞培育人类脐带血中。
在实验中,进行低神经科沃特和他的同事们,移植的干细胞特性的脑细胞了,似乎刺激大鼠的大脑“负责”自己。
研究人员几乎完全愈合后48小时的大鼠动物持续大脑损伤。
通常医生需要三个小时内行动治疗中风病人人类成功。
脐带血细胞移植是一种治疗已成为一般为血液病。
现在科学家们喜欢低发现干细胞从脐带blood-once的思想只能变成血可能是能够生长成其他类型的细胞。
(见《华夏地理》杂志的特征科学的干细胞和周围的争议。
) 先进铸造脐带血,此前视为医学废料在分娩后,一个新的视角。
虽然专家们对未来感到乐观的脐带血来源为新的干细胞疗法,他们也不同意关于这可能保命的资源应该如何处理。
一个吸引人的干细胞的来源目前尚不清楚是否治疗的研究团队使用低的老鼠身上会是安全的,也在人体上的效果。
但许多人与其他危及生命安全的疾病已经痊愈收集这容易的干细胞来源。
今天医生使用脐带血细胞治疗大约70的疾病,大部分贫血或血液系统肿瘤,如白血病或淋巴瘤)。
方法将免疫diseases-like患者重症联合免疫缺陷,俗称男孩也回应了泡沫Disease-have脐带血治疗。
“[脐带血干细胞]可以用来代替失败的血细胞,\他解释Kristine Gebbie教授、护理位于纽约的哥伦比亚大学。
全球六千例治疗脐带血干细胞移植到目前为止,尽管美国食品与药品管理局仍然认为实验的程序。
为治疗,医生通常会获得脐带血的志愿捐赠从胎盘生后。
血是库存的那几个公共登记处。
如果供者的和耐心不是足够的基因相似,病人的身体会拒绝输血。
结果可能是致命的。
“一个战争继续[差、供受体细胞],而你想要捐赠(细胞)来取得胜利,”玛丽说劳克林专家脐带血移植的凯斯西储大学的教授在俄亥俄州。
但脐带血移植是更包容比其他的过程,如骨髓移植,如果供者的不是一个最好的遗传的比赛。
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UNIT13道德、猿和我们马克D·豪泽有人看见一只雌性的大猩猩救助一个不省人事的3岁男童。
她为什么那样做？她是否也有同理心？动物能学会共享、合作、惩罚，以及表示出同理心？下面的这篇文章试图回答这个问题。
将近四年前，一个芝加哥郊外布鲁克菲尔德动物园的游客，用摄像机拍下了一个令人惊讶的事情。
一个3岁的男孩掉进了大猩猩的围场里，失去了知觉。
一会儿，宾蒂·朱叶，一只雌性大猩猩，走了过来，抱起了这个失去知觉的男孩，把他搂在怀中。
然后她走过去，把男孩轻轻地放在管理员出入的门口。
报纸大幅标题赫然标着："大猩猩救男孩，"这件事打动了全国人的心。
大多数报道认为，宾蒂救那个男孩，是因为她对他的处境进行了换位思考。
尽管大猩猩做的事情确凿无疑，她为什么要这样做，还有许多疑问。
她是不是意识到孩子不省人事？她是不是关心他的安危？对一个有知觉的男孩，一只猫，一个玩具熊，或者一袋土豆片，她也会这样做吗？不管报纸的标题怎样暗示了宾蒂的道德素质，答案绝非是清楚的。
例如，发展心理学家苏珊·凯里和弗兰克·凯尔的研究表明，小孩快10岁时才能完全识别死东西和活东西的区别。
而且到今天为止，没有一项猿类智能研究接近于表明，猩猩、大猩猩或是黑猩猩，具有一个10岁的人的智力水平。
我们只能猜测为什么宾蒂那样做。
而且，一次偶然的事件也不足以保证结论正确。
但是宾蒂的行为确实引起了公众和科学界对这个大问题的兴趣：什么智力特点引起我们符合道德地行动，多大程度上别的动物也具有这些工具？作为一个心理学家，我对我们用来解答这些问题的方法很感兴趣：别的生物也能够共享、合作、惩罚骗子，表现同理心，以及行动无私吗？在一项1988年的研究中，苏黎世大学的人种学者爱德华·斯塔姆贝奇对长尾猕猴进行了一次试验，以测试它们控制攻击性的行为和相互合作的能力。
首先，每只猴子都接受一种训练，按一下一种装置上的杠杆，就能得到一把爆米花。
当每个猴子都学会做什么以及什么时候做时，就把它们分成更小的组。
然后训练每小组中一个地位低的成员去按一系列扛杆，这些扛杆以特定次序排列，能使装置倒出足够三个猴子吃的爆米花。
在训练中，装置开始只给这个地位低的专家放出爆米花。
起初，地位高的猴子威胁地位低的猴子，要它们一直远离爆米花箱。
随后，地位高的猴子才知道，原来地位低的猴子有一种独特的技巧，于是它们就跟着地位低的猴子来到装置前，等着攫取所有的爆米花。
不久，地位低的专家不再操作那个装置。
但这个罢工没有持续多长时间。
一些地位高的猴子改变了它们的行为。
它们不再把地位低的专家赶走或是吃掉所有的爆米花，霸道行为开始有所收敛。
它们安静地走近，允许地位低的专家吃一份爆米花。
不仅如此，一些地位高的猴子开始更经常地为地位低的专家梳理毛发。
尽管这种态度的转变使地位低的专家能够吃到它们通常无法得到的食物，它在小组里对它们的上司并没有什么影响。
专家的地位依然很低，但是当它们的技术对权威者有用时，就允许坐在上席餐桌。
其它试验还发现，猴子还有一种初步的所有权观念和对财产的尊重。
尽管这些看起来全是人类所关心的事情，然而有地盘感的动物如翻车鱼，蜥蜴，麻雀，和长臂猿都有这些问题。
一个地盘的所有者护卫的空间，就好像是它的财产，一个外来者对他者地盘表示尊重，就表明了它承认所有权和财产权。
例如，一项1991年的研究中，苏黎世大学人种学者汉斯·库马和玛丽娜·戈兹对一种猕猴进行实验，这些猕猴有某种别的猕猴没有的东西――一个装满葡萄干的透明管子。
这个管子或者被固定到墙上，或者自个儿立着。
如果是自个儿立着，它被系在一根或长或短的绳子上，或者干脆不系绳子。
一个地位低的猕猴被允许首先去打开放在各种不同地方的管子。
然后研究者们观察占优势的猕猴如何反应。
尽管占优势者经常从下属那里抢走物品，试验揭示了它们的反应后面的潜规则。
情况总是这样：占优势者更经常地拿走固定的管子，而不是自个儿立着的管子；当下属猕猴没有拿时，才去拿自个儿立着的管子。
在占优势的猕猴看来，站在管子旁边看着它并不足以表明拥有它。
如果一个下属猕猴把一个管子紧靠身子抱着，那么占优势猕猴就会抑制住自己想去抢走管子的冲动。
这个有趣的例子表明，抑制自我在猴子们保持社会规范方面是如何起关键作用。
但是，在任何有规可依的社会环境中，个体常常发现违犯规则是要付出代价的。
这种违犯规则者会受到惩罚吗？为了探寻这种可能性，我在凯酉·圣地亚哥岛进行了试验，该岛是邻近波多黎各的一个研究站，上面生活着大约800个恒河猴。
这种特别的猴有一个有趣的习俗: 和不分享食物的长尾猕猴不一样，这些恒河猴在发现食物时总是大声叫喊。
在研究中，我和我的同事们选定一些独处的猴子，给它们少许食物。
它们的第一反应是四下看看，大概是想断定附近有没有敌人。
少数的猴子一直在等待，最后，好像是摆出一副步兵格斗的架势，小心翼翼地朝食物移动。
只有一半发现食物的猴子叫喊。
当它们被别的小组成员发现时，有些就会受到狠狠的攻击。
我们最初猜疑，那些受到攻击的猴子比那些没有受到攻击的猴子的地位要低。
结果证明这种预测是错的。
令人吃惊的是，地位高和地位低的猴子都受到了攻击。
它们是否受到攻击，要看它们有没有叫喊。
发现食物而不吭声的猴子比那些叫喊的猴子遭到更经常、更凶狠的攻击。
似乎，那些猴子受攻击，是因为它们不适当地保持沉默，隐瞒了一个丰富的食物资源的信息。
在第二次试验中，我们对外围的雄性猴子进行试验，它们是在不同群体之间流动的外来者。
在26个外来雄性猴中，给予它们食物时，没有一个叫喊。
它们直奔食物，要么当场把它吞下，要么抓上几块后带着跑到一个新地点。
这样，看起来一个已确立的恒河猴群体的成员们遵循着这样一条规则：攻击那些发现食物而不与大家分享的成员。
自然的结论似乎就是：为什么要冒险去进攻那些一时的侵犯者呢？这样，研究表明，动物能够抑制它们的冲动，惩罚那些违反社团规则的成员。
但是怎样说明同理心？怎样说明宾蒂的事例？除非我们能够证实动物理解他者的思想和感情，我们就不能假定它们的行为像人类所理解的那样是道德的。
道德行为的规则是建立在对与错的信念之上的。
我们如何形成这些信念基于一种正义观，一种对特定的行为如何影响别人的考虑。
要理解我们的行为如何影响别人，这需要同理心。
人种学者弗郞斯·德·瓦尔在其1996年出版的《善良的：论人类和其它动物中正确与错误的根源》一书中，提供了几起观察到的非人类的灵长类动物中明显的同理心例证。
然而，更为深入的了解来自40年前发表的一系列研究成果，当时动物的待遇水平还处在最小的限度。
今天，这些试验会被认为是不道德的，但在了解动物感情的研究方面，它们确实为我们提供了一扇窗户，有待时间较近的科学观察将其开启。
有一项实验是由心理学家罗伯特·米勒和他的同事们设计的，用来了解一只猴子是否能够理解另一只猴子的面部表情，即人们认为的感情显示器。
首先，一位调查者训练恒河猴在听到一种特定的声音后拉一根扛杆来避免电击。
然后其中一只猴子――“作用者”――被关进一个房间，里面有一根扛杆，还有他看不见也听不见的第二只猴子――“接受者”――的现场电视图像。
接受者能听到电击将要到来的声音，但却没有扛杆来避免它。
进行这项实验的假定理论是，接受者会听见声音，预料到电击的到来，脸上会显露出害怕。
如果作用者理解了接受者的面部表情，它就会利用这个信息来拉动扛杆。
如果作用者不这么做，两只猴子都要受到电击。
由于电击试验是随机的，而且两只猴子都听不到对方，所以没有办法预测反应的时间，只有看显示器上接受者的图像。
结果，当接受者听到声音时，作用者拉动扛杆的次数明显增多。
米勒下结论说，作用者能够看懂接受者的面部表情。
而且，他和他的同事们还提出，两只猴子表现得很合作：为了避免电击，接受者发出一个信号，表演者看懂了这个信号。
接受者是否想要给作用者提供信息？这是一种合作吗？接受者当然一定感到了无助和害怕。
但要想认定它们在向作用者发出信号，我们得证明它们意识到作用者在场。
而就实验的设计来说，它们当然不会意识到。
倒不如说，每个接受者的反应是由声音引发的，就像医生用小槌棒敲时我们会往外踢腿一样条件反射。
看起来可能是作用者在接受者的行动中对某一个变化熟悉了起来，这个变化相当有规律，可以用来预测电击的到来。
但是，通过一个面部表情来预测一个反应，与把面部表情看作他者的感情显示是不一样的。
这项实验留下了许多未解决的问题。
尽管很明显，恒河猴能够通过观看面部表情来学会避免电击，我们不知道这个反应是否是由同理心引起的，而对利他主义来说，同理心是很必要的。
一个人得感受是别人的话会是怎样，得感受别人的惧怕、痛苦，或者欢乐。
我们不知道作用者是否也意识到了接受者的感情。
作用者也没有理由在乎这些。
从作用者的角度看，要紧的是显示在电视屏幕上的图像，其作用是可靠地预测电击。
更好一点的实验，应该是让作用者看到接受者发生了什么事，但是把电击限于接受者身上。
在1964年的一项研究中，朱尔斯·梅瑟曼和他的同事们进行了一项不同的实验，这次也是用恒河猴来做的。
一个作用者接受训练，对一道闪过的蓝色或红色的光做出反应，拉动两个链条中的一条以得到食物。
接着，一个接受者被安置在作用者可以看到的附近。
实验者然后改变对闪光的颜色做出反应的结果。
看到一种颜色拉动链条得到食物；看到另一种颜色拉动链条，既能得到食物，又会给接受者带来一阵强烈的电击。
大多数的行动者拉动带来电击的链条的次数，比拉动只带来食物的链条的次数要少得多。
15个表演者当中，2个甚至有5到12天没再拉两个链条。
当行动者与新的接受者搭档时，大多数继续不去拉带来电击的链条。
相互非常熟悉的搭档，比不熟悉的搭档，趋向于显示更多的利他主义行为。
这最后一次实验最引人瞩目的地方是，是有可能有些猴子为了避免伤害另外的猴子而不去吃食。
或许作用者感受了同理心，想象到受电击会是什么感觉。
另外一种可能性是，看到别的猴子面露痛苦是不愉快或带有威胁性，恒河猴会尽其所能地避免不愉快的情况。
或者作用者担心有一天它也会是受电击的对象。
尽管不去吃食似乎是一种同理心或同情心反应，它实际上可能只是一种自私的反应。
就像试验显示的那样，动物绝不是机器人，只受本能反应的驱使。
它们对其社会和生态的环境都很敏感，在某些情况下，它们能够抑制一种反应而偏向另一种。
而且，它们会惩罚别的动物，有时会减轻别的动物的痛苦。
但到目前为止，没有任何实验能够证明，动物清楚其它动物的看法或意图。
而没有这方面的意识，就不可能有道德上的判断。
有道德感意味着什么这个问题，促使我们思考我们自己的道德行为的能力是如何来的。
猴子们利用类似规则的方法来增进一个团体的福利，包括保持和平，遵守边界，和共享食物。