古希腊罗马神话故事选读Roman Mythology第一课

• Achilles heel:
没有面包哪来的爱情。
Achilles is a Greek hero of the Trojan War. It is said that he was invulnerable（不会受伤害的 ） in all of his body except for his heel. As he died because of a small wound on his heel, the term Achilles„ heel has come to mean a person‟s principal weakness（唯一致命的弱点）.
公元二世纪，罗马人在地中海一带取代了希腊人的统治，他们继 承了希腊人的成就，也吸收了希腊神话的形象和内容，这就形成 了古希腊罗马神话。
Sources for Greco-Roman Mythology
1. Literature （文学） (1) Works of two influential Greek writers 1) Iliad 《伊里亚特》 Odyssey 《奥德赛》 by Homer 荷马 (approx. 750-700 BC) 2) Theogony [《神谱》Works and Days 《工作与时日》 by Hesiod (approx. 700 BC) （赫西奥德） (2) Work of important Roman writer Ovid(奥维德) Metamorphoses 《变形记》(approx. 8 AD)
understand people in primitive society and western culture • Learn how Greek & Roman myths have influenced on western culture, such as
literature, astronomy, language, art, film, etc.
Astronomy
Twelve Constellations
Orion: 猎户星座

桃园结义 说曹操，曹操到 梁山好汉 陈世美
Language
under the aegis of = under the protection/shelter of
Without Ceres and Bacchus, Venus grows cold.
Basic Features: Gods and goddesses are not only personifications of the forces of the universe—anthropomorphism(meaning “in the form of a human being”)
(3) the dramatic works of Aeschylus (埃斯库罗斯 approx. 600500 BC）, Sophocles （索福克勒斯approx. 5 cen. BC ）, Euripides （欧里庇得斯 approx. 5 cen. BC ） and Aristophanes （阿里斯托芬approx. 500-400 BC ） 2. The work of historians, like Herodotus (希罗多德, 被称为西 方历史之父, approx. 5 cen. BC )
Art of Sculpture
Art
Venus de Milo
Bronze Carving Female Wolf
the Winged Victory of Samothrace
Athena
film
Clash of the Titans (2010)
Gladiator(2000)
Wrath of the Titans (2012)
Goddess of Victory； Roman counterpart Victoria
Part I
Brief Introduction to Greco-Roman
Mythology
What Is Myth?
Myth (Mythos) in Greek means “story”, which is usually regarded as a true account (描述) of the remote past. Myth proper: Traditional (i.e. passed on by generations) story about the gods and humankind‟s relationship to the gods” Saga/Legend (传奇): traditional story which has its origins in historical event”
Appreciating Greco-Roman Mythology
• Requirement: • 1. Punctual attendance (5 mins‟
time to call the roll)
Requirement and Evaluation
• 2. Active participation in the class 20% • 3. Extensive reading after class: • 3. Term paper: 60%
Some More Information
1.Mount Olympus--The Home of the Gods
Mount Olympus is located between Macedonia and Thessaly and near the Aegean Sea. It is said that Hephaestus, the blacksmith god, built all the palaces and places where the gods roamed on Mount Olympus. Everyday, it is told, the gods would go to the Great Hall and have a feast. They would eat ambrosia (神仙食品delicious and fragrant foods) and drink nectar (甘美的饮 料honey or fruit juice). These tasty treats were served by the goddess of youth, Hebe. At the feasts, Apollo would play songs on his lyre (里尔琴) and the muses would sing in the background. (9,570 ft. high)
Roman Mythology is viewed mostly from the frame of its Greek heritage.
The Romans assimilated an entirety of Greek myth into their own mythical system with only change of names in most cases. But Romans made adaptations in conformity to the Roman value system, with a keen sense of history and politics of their time.
What Is Mythology?
Mythology: a system or a set of interrelated myths.
Greco-Roman Mythology
Greco-Roman Mythology(western classical mythology): Greek mythology and Roman mythology, although the latter was developed out of the former. Greek mythology is the set of myths which mainly come from the combination of Minoan 米诺斯 - Mycenaean 迈锡尼文明的 (c.1600-1100B.C.) and the Dorian多利安 and Hellenic myths(c.1100-800B.C.).
Pygmalion
Endymion, Ode to Psyche
Astronomy
Mercury: Roman language; Greek counterpart Hermes; the divinity of commerce Venus: the Roman goddess of love; Greek counterpart Aphrodite Mars: the Roman god of war Jupiter: Roman language; Greek counterpart Zeus; Saturn: Greek counterpart Cronus; the Roman god of agriculture and vegetation Uranus: a god who is the personification of the sky Neptune: Greek counterpart Poseidon; the Roman god of the sea Pluto: Greek counterpart Hades; the god of the underworld;
• Evaluation • 1. Class attendance: 20% • 2. Class performance:
Reference Books
Course Objectives
• Learn the stories (myths) about Greek & Roman gods, goddesses, and heroes • Know more about the social life, customs, religion and history of ancient Greece;
Troy (2004)
Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief (2010)
ETC
Apollo Program 阿波罗登月计划 Poseidon Submarine 海神号机器人潜艇 Trojan horse virus 木马病毒
Painting . Leda and the Swan
Da Vinci, 1506
Art
Jacopo Carucci Pontormo 1512-13 意大利佛罗伦萨乌斐兹 美术馆
a 16 C. copy after a lost painting by Michelangelo, 1530 (National Gallery, London)
Culture
The Origins of Western Culture
Religions/ Bibles 圣经 Greco-Roman Mythology
Literature
Shakespeare (1564-1616)
Troilus and Cressida (tragedy) Venus and Adonis (poem )
Literature
ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
Shelley (1792-1822)
Prometheus Unbound Hymn of Apollo Hymn of Pan
• Keats
James Joyce
Ulysses (Odyssey)
Literature
George Bernard Shaw