翻译理论与实践第4讲2 应用文翻译商务合同翻译

4.6 TRANSLATION OF CONTRACT OF BUSINESS




No. 005327 Date: May 18, 2011 Buyers: Peter Company Limited ( Co. Ltd.) 18 Lincoln Street, London, U.K. Sellers: John Hayde, Inc. 20 Maiden Lane, New York, N.Y., U.S.A. This Contract is made by and between the Buyers and the Sellers; whereby the Buyers agree to buy and the Sellers agree to sell the under- mentioned goods on the terms and conditions stated bellow: Name of Commodity: Printed Cotton Sheeting Specifications: No. 127 30’s x 30’s, 68x60 35.36 inch in width 40 yards per piece
4.1.4 文体： 是各种文体中正式程度最高的一种，即庄严文体(the frozen style)。不讲究文采、韵味、修辞等，“准确规范”是国际商务合同翻译的灵 魂。合同翻译的目的就是让译语读者正确理解原语合同对双方权利和义务的规 定,采用Eugene A .Nida 提出的“功能等值”标准作为商务合同翻译的标准， （翻译的最终目的是让译语读者对译语的反应和原语读者的反应等值）则能达 到这一目的。

4. 5.3 限定时间
合同对时间的要求准确，翻译起止时间时，常用以下结构来限定准确 的时间：

(1) 双介词 （用双介词英译含当天日期在内的起止时间）：

自9月20日起，甲方已无权接受任何定单或收据。 Party A shall be unauthorized to accept any order or to collect any account on and after September 20.
4.使用古词语





在合同翻译中，适当使用古词语对行文的确切性十分重要。 对带有“此”、“之”、“在”、“凭”、“由”等词的短语 的翻译，可以使用一些由here, there和where加上表示方位、 方式或原因的介词构成的古词语，用以强调和确定语义。这些 词的用法有一下规则： 4.1 here = this ： 1）hereby（=by means of this; by reasons of this 特此；兹 ；因此）； 2）hereinafter（=later in this contract, etc以下；在下文 3）herein（=in this 此中；于此）； 4）hereof（=of this 于此；在本件中）。
日常用词：
Stop Begin Be regarded as In place of Before Whatever Ask Agree By reason of this Of this In this
Hereafter
Later in the same Contract
4. 5限定责任

慎重处理关键细节 英译合同中容易出差错的地方，不是陈述性条款，而是一些关 键的，如金钱、时间数量等细节。 为了避免出差错， 译合同 时，应使用一些有限定作用的结构来界定细目所指定的

Quality: As per sample submitted by Peter Company Limited ( Co. Ltd.) on March 9, 2011. Quantity: 40,000 yards. Price: USD 6.6 per yard CIF London Amount: USD 264,000,00 Shipment: Shipment with the first ten-day period of June 2011. Partial shipment not allowed. Destination: London Terms of payment: in order to cover the order, a credit for 100% value of goods will be arranged with the Bank of London against the commercial bills. This Contract is made in duplicate and each party shall keep one copy. This Contract shall come into force after the signature by the authorized representatives of both parties.
第四讲
Practical Writing Translation II
商务合同翻译
4 CONTRACT TRANSLATION

4.1 合同翻译的要领：合同翻译必须遵守合同的严谨性、准确性、规范性和简 洁性。

4.1.1 语篇结构： 从总则到条款先宏观后微观， 具有高度的程式化 ，有助于为 当事人创造理解文本内容的语篇语境；

3. 任何一方不按时支付16.3条所述之费用，即构成违约。如果这种不 支付给（合作经营）公司造成损失，违约方应承担赔偿责任。如果这 种不支付给或延期支付使（合作经营）公司蒙受重大损失，即构成严 重违约，守约方有权终止（合作）合同, 并有权提出赔偿损失的要求。 Should rather party hereto fail to pay on schedule the contribution referred to in Article16.3, it will be deemed as having breached the Contract. Should the Company suffer damage due to the failure to make contribution, the breaching party will make compensation. Should the Company suffer serious damage due to the failure to make or the deferment in contribution, it will be deemed as materially breaching Contract. The other party shall have the right to terminate the Contract and to claim damage on the breaching party. 准确往往要求重复表达同一概念的同一术语，只要准确无误,千万不要 害怕反复使用同一词语。试图避免重复会使句子不够准确。
确切范围。
4.5.1 用and/or限定 常用and/or 翻译合同中“甲和乙/甲或乙”的内容。

1) 如果上述货物对船舶和（或）船上其它货物造成任何伤害， 托运人应负全责。 The shipper shall be liable for all damage caused by such goods to the ship and/or cargo board.



合同用词：
Terminate Commence Be deemed to In lieu of Prior to Whatsoever Require Consent Hereby Hereof Herein





4.2 there = that： 1）therein（=in that在那里；在那点上）； 2）thereto（=to that or it随附；附之）； 3）thereof（=of that；from that source 由此；因此）； 4）therein（=whit that or it 与此；与之）； 5）thereafter（= afterwards此后）。 4.3 where = which，与介词组合，一般作关系副词，引导定 语从句： 1）whereby （= by what；by which凭此条款；凭此协议）2 ）whereof（=of which关于那事）等。

4. 5.2 用by/between限定 常用by and between强调合同是由双方签订的，因 此双方必须严格履行合同所赋予的义务。

兹经买卖双方同意按照以下条款由买方购进卖方售出 的以下商品。 1) The Contract is made by and between the Buyers and the Sellers; whereby the Buyers agree to buy and Sellers agree to sell the undermentioned goods subject to the terms and conditions as stipulated below.

例中的shall所表述的规定和要求，都带有指令性和强制性，充分体现 了原文所表达的法律文件的权威性和约束性，如果不履行shall所规定 的合同上的义务，则视为违约。Biblioteka Baidu

2. 如果承包人切实履行并遵守上述合同的所有条款、条件及规 定，本义务即告终止，否则这种义务仍然完全有效。 译文：If the Contractor shall duly perform and observe all the terms, provisions, conditions and stipulations of the said Contract, this obligation shall be null and void but otherwise shall be and remain in full force and effect. 这是一个典型的同义词并列使用的例句，译文中连用了几组同 义词，其中 ，既有名词同义词的并列，如terms, provisions, conditions和stipulations；force和effect，又有形容词同义词 的并列，如null和void，还有动词同义词的并列，如be和 remain。以使译文语义严密。

(2) not (no) later than ( 用“not (no) later than+日期”翻译
“不迟于某时间” ：

本合同签字之日一个月内，即不迟于12月15日，你方须将货物装船。 Party B shall ship the goods within one month of the date of signing this Contract, i.e. not later than December 15.
4.1.2 词汇：用词极其考究，具有特定性，选词专业化、正式、准确，通常要 通过一些书面词语来体现，因为英语中许多书面词语都源于法语、拉丁语和希 腊语，语义范围明确，较少有联想意义，主要用于庄严，正式的文体。


4.1.3 句式：采用陈述句，而不使用疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。使用完整的长 句可以准确界定权利和义务关系，排除被曲解或误解的可能性。这些长句往往 含有许多分句或定语、状语等附加成分的简单句或复合句，状语可用来界定履 行权利和义务的条件、方式、地点和时间等。

4.2 EXAMPLES OF CONTRACT TRANSLATION:

1. 如果发生不可抗力事件，任何一方无须因不可抗力事件而未 能或延迟履行其义务，而对另一方可能蒙受的任何损害，费用 增加或损失承担责任，且该未履行义务或延迟履行义务不应视 为对本协议的违约。

If an event of Force Majeure occurs, neither party shall be responsible for the damage, increased cost or loss which the other party may sustain by reason of such a failure or delay of performance, and such failure or delay shall not be deemed a breach of this Agreement.