托福听力考试十大必背范文
新托福听力考前十大必背段子
更多托福考试培训资料请访问：/toefl/查看新托福听力考前十大必背段子托福听力段子涉及到多种话题，不过，有些经典话题会重复出现，大家如果能掌握这些话题及相关词汇，就会对托福听力的答题大有帮助。
留学专家为您整理“托福听力十大必背段子”，希望对您有所帮助。
托福听力段子1. 文科段子：艺术类音乐It may seem strange that we’re discussing music from a Broadway production in this class, "The Lion King" especially, since it’s based on a popular Hollywood movie. I mean music preformed for Broadway theater in the heart of New York city surely would seem to be in the western tradition of popular music and not have much in common with the music we have been studying in this course, such as gamelan music of Indonesia, or Zulu chants of South Africa, music that developed outside the western tradition of Europe and America. But in fact, musicians have a long-standing tradition of borrowing front one another’s cultures. And this production’s director intentionally included both western and non-western music. That way, some of the rhythms, instrument, and harmonies typical of non-western music contrast with and complement popular music more familiar to audiences in North America and Europe, music like rock, jazz or Broadway style show tunes. So I want to spend the rest of this class and most of the next one on the music from the show "The Lion King" as a way of summarizing some of the technical distinctions between typical western music and the non-western music that we’ve been studying. Now the African influence on the music is clear. The story takes place in Africa. So the director got a South African composer to write songs with a distinctly African sound. And the songs even include words from African languages. But we’ll get back to the African influence later. First let’s turn to the music that was written for the shadow puppet scenes in "The Lion King", music based on the Indonesian music used in the shadow puppet theater of that region托福听力段子2.理科段子：天文学In ancient times, many people believed the earth was a flat disc. Well over 2,000 years ago; the ancient Greek philosophers were able to put forward two good arguments proving that it was not. Direct observations of heavenly bodies were the basis of both these arguments. First, the Greeks knew that during eclipses of the moon the earth was between the sun and the moon, and they saw that dur ing these eclipses, the earth’s shadow on the moon was always round, they realized that this could be true only if the earth was spherical, It the earth was a flat disc, then its shadow during eclipses would not be a prefect circle; it would be stretched out into a long ellipse. The second argument was based on what the Greeks saw during their travels. They noticed that the North Star,or Polaris, appeared lower in the sky when they traveled south, in the more northerly regions, the North Star appeared to them to be much higher in the sky. By the way, it was also from this difference in the apparent position of the North Star that the Greeks first calculated the approximate distance around the circumference of the earth, a figure recorded in ancient document s says 400.000 stadium, that’s the plural of the world stadium. Today, it’s not known exactly what length one stadium represents, but let’s say it was about 200 meters, the length of many athletic stadiums. This would make the Greek’s estimate about twice the figure accepted today, a very good estimate for those writing so long before even the first telescope was invented.托福听力段子3. 文科段子：文学名著Continuing our survey of the 19th century, let’s take a look now at Harriet Beecher Stowe. Now Stowe is best known for her novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin, a book that details the harshness of plantation life in the south. The book was extremely popular in the United States as well as in other countries. Ironically though, for all the attention given to Uncle Tom’s Cabin, it’s far from Stowe’s best work. She did write one other novel about life in the south, but much of her best work has nothing with the south at all. In fact, Stowe’s best writing is about village life in the New England’s states in the 19th century. In recordi ng to the customs of the villages she wrote about, Stowe claimed that her purpose was to reflect the images as realistically as possible. She usually succeeded, for her settings were often described accurately and in detail. In this sense, she was an important forerunner to the realistic movement that became popular later in the 19th century. She was one of the first writers to use local dialect for her characters when they spoke. And she did this for 30 years before Mark Twain popularized the use of local dialect. It makes sense that Stowe would write about New England life, since she was born in Connecticut. As a young woman there, she worked as a teacher. The teaching job helped lead to her first published work, a geography book for children. Later when she was married, her writing helped her support her family financially. Throughout her life, she wrote poems, travel books, biographical sketches and children’s books, as well as novels for adults.托福听力段子4. 生活段子：噪音影响I’m grad to see so many of you here. We’ve become really alarmed over the health center by the number of students we are seeing, who are experiencing hearing loss. First, I want to go over some basic about hearing. Then we can take a look at our school environment and see if we can figure out some ways to protect hearing. The leading cause of preventable hearing loss is excessive noise. Too much moderate noise for a long time or some types of intense noise for even a short time can damage hearing. Loudness is measured in units called decibels. One decibel is the lowest sound that the average person can here. Sounds up to 80 decibels generally aren’t harmful. That’s noise like traffic on a busy street. But anything louder than 80 decibels, especially with continuousexposure, may eventually hurt your hearing. Once you are up to around 140 decibels, that’s like a jet plane taking off, then you might even feel pain in your ears. And pains are sure sign that your hearing’s at risk. Even one exposure to a really loud noise at close range can cause hea ring loss. So what you need to do is limit your exposure to harmful levels. If you pass along this handout, we can take a look at the decibel level of some common campus sounds. Notice how loud those horns are that people take to football games. They are really dangerous if blown right behind you. Now, let’s try to generate a list of damaging noises托福听力段子5. 文科段子：电影艺术To get us started this semester I am going to spend the first two classes giving you background lectures about some basic cinematic concepts. Once you are a little more familiar with basic film terminology, we will be ready to look at the history of movies in the United States. You’ll be expected to attend showing of films on Tuesday evenings at 7 o’clock in Jennings Auditorium. That’s our lab. Then during our Wednesday seminar, we’ll discuss in depth the movie we saw the night before. We are not covering silent films in this course. We will begin with the first talking motion picture, The Jazz Singer, released in 1927. The next week, we’ll be looking at The Gold Diggers of 1933, a piece that is very representative of the escapist trend in films released during the depression. Some of the films we will be watching will probably be new to you, like Frank Capra’s Why We Fight. Others you might ha ve already seen on TV like Rebel without A Cause starring James Deane, or Stanley Cooper’s Doctor’s Strange Love. However, I hope you see even familiar film with new eye. In the last three weeks of the course, we will be watching films from the 1980s and y ou’ll choose one of them as a subject for an extensive written critique. We’ll talk more about the requirements of the critique later in this semester托福听力段子6. 文科段子：历史发展Last time, we outlined how the Civil War finally got started. I want to talk today about the political management of the war on both sides: the north under Abraham Lincoln and the south under Jefferson Davis. An important task for both of these presidents was to justify for their citizens just why the war was necessary. In 1861, on July 4th, Lincoln gave his first major speech in which he presented the northern reasons for the war. It was, he said, to preserve democracy. Lincoln suggested that this war was a noble crusade that would determine the future of democracy through out the world. For him the issue was whether or not this government of the people, by the people could maintain its integrity, could it remain complete and survive its domestic foes. In other words, could a few discontented individuals and by that he meant those who led the southern rebellion, could they arbitrarily break up the government and put an end to free government on earth? The only way for the nation to survive was to crush the rebellion. At the time, he was hopeful that the war wouldn’t last long and the slave owners would be put down forever, but heunderestimated how difficult the war would be. It would be harder than any the Americans had thought before or since, largely because the north had to break the will of the southern people, not just by its army. But Lincoln rallied northerners to a deep commitment to the cause. They came to perceive the war as a kind of democratic crusade against southern society.托福听力段子7. 文科段子：传媒变迁Moving away from newspapers, let’s now focus on magazines. Now the first magazine was a little periodical called the Review and it was started in London in 1704. It looked a lot like the newspapers of the time, but in terms of its contents it was much different. Newspapers were concerned mainly with news events but the Review focused on important domestic issues of the day, as well as the policies of the government. Now, in England at the time, people could still be thrown in jail for publishing articles that were critical of the king. And that is what happened to Daniel Defoe. He was the outspoken founder of the review. Defoe actually wrote the first issue of the Review from prison. You see, he had been arrested because of his writings that criticized the policies of the Church of England, which was headed by the king. After his release, Defoe continued to produce the Review and the magazine started to appear on a more frequent schedule, about three times a week. It didn’t take long for other magazines to start popping up. In 1709, a magazine called the Tattler began publication. This new magazine contained a mixture of news, poetry, political analysis and philosophical essays.托福听力段子8. 理科段子：远程教育Hi, Lynn. I saw you at registration yesterday. I sailed right through, but you were standing in a long line.Yeah. I waited an hour to sign up for a distance-learning course.Distance learning? Never heard of it.Well, it’s new this semester. It’s only open to psychology majors. But I bet it’ll catch on else where. Yesterday, over a hundred students signed up.Well, what is it?It’s an exper imental course. I registered for child psychology. All I have got to do is watch a twelve-week series of televised lessons. The department shows them seven different times a day and in seven different locations.Don’t you ever have to meet with professor?Yeah. After each part of the series I have to talk to her and the other students on the phone, you know, about our ideas. Then we’ll meet on campus three times for reviews and exams.It sounds pretty non-traditional to me. But I guess it makes sense, considering how many students have jobs. It must really help with their schedules, not to mention how it will cut down on traffic.You know, last year my department did a survey and they found out that 80 percent of all psychology majors were employed. That’s why they came up with the program.Look, I’ll be working three days a week next semester and it was either cut back on my classes or try this out.The only thing is: doesn’t it seem impersonal though? I mean, I miss having class discussions and hearing what other people think.Well, I guess that’s why phone contact’s important. Any way, it’s an experiment.Maybe I’ll end up hating it.Maybe. But I’ll be curious to see how it works up.托福听力段子9. 生活段子：游览沼泽地公园Welcome to Everglade’s National Par k. The Everglade is a watery plain covered with saw grass that’s the home to numerous species of plants and wild life. And one and half million acre is too big to see it all today. But this tour will offer you a good sampling. Our tour bus will stop first at Tailor Slue. This is a good place to start because it’s home to many of the plants and animals typically associated with the everglade. You’ll see many exotic birds and of course a world famous alligators. Don’t worry. There’s a boardwalk that goes acro ss the marsh, so you can look down at the animals in the water from a safe distance. The boardwalk is high enough to give you a great view of the saw grass prairie. From there we’ll head at some other marshy and even jungle-like areas that feature wonderfu l tropical plant life. For those of you who’d like a close view of the saw grass prairie, you might consider running a canoe sometime during your visit here. However, don’t do this unless you have a very good sense of direction and can negotiate your way through tall grass. We hate to have to come looking for you. You have a good fortune of being here in the winter, the best time of the year to visit. During the spring and summer the mosquitoes will just about to eat you alive. Right now, they are not so bo thersome, but you’ll soon want to use an insect repellent.托福听力段子10. 理科段子：地理冒险Good morning, class. Before we begin today, I would like to address an issue that one of you reminded me of after the last lecture. As you may recall, last time I mentioned that Robert E. Peary was the first person to reach the North Pole. What I neglected to mention was the controversy around Peary’s pioneering accomplishment. In 1910, a committee of the national geographical society examined Commodore Peary’s claim to have re ached the North Pole on April 6th’ 1909 and found no reason to doubt him. This judgment was actually confirmed by a committee of the US congress in 1911. Nevertheless, Peary’s claim was surrounded by controversy. Tins was largely due to the competing claim of Doctor Frederic Cook who told the world he had reached the Pole a four-year earlier. Over the decades Peary was given the benefit of the doubt, but critics persisted in raising questions about his navigation and the distances he claimed to have covered. So the Navigation Foundation spent an additional 12 months of exhaustive examination of documents relating to Peary’s polar expedition. The documents supposed Peary’s claims about the distances he covered. After also conducting an extensive computer analysis of photos taken by Peary at the pole, they concluded that Pierre and his companions did in fact reach the near vicinity of the North Pole on April 6th. 1909. OK, today we’re going to talk about exploration of the opposite end of the world, I assume yo u all read chapter 3 in our text and are now familiar with the names: Emerson and Scott.以上是托福听力十大必背段子，大家从这些段子可以看出，托福听力常考话题一般包括校园，历史，艺术，自然等方面，大家也可以从这个方向去积累一些背景词汇和背景知识，从而提高托福听力正确率。
老托听力30篇
老托福Part C 听写30篇文稿________________________________________1. This morning I want to tell you about a recent scientific discovery dealing with the relationship between plants and animals. This is about a desert shrub whose leaves can shoot a stream of poisonous resin a distance of six feet. You think it would be safe from all attacks by insects? But a recent study has found one insect, a beetle that can chew its way past the plant's defense system by cutting the main vein that delivers the poison to the leaves. This vein cutting is just one method the beetles used to prepare a safe meal. Another is by cutting a path all the way across the leaves to hold the flow of chemicals. Then they simply eat between the veins of poison. In the past, scientists who studied insect adaptation to plant defenses have focused on chemical responses, that is, how the insects can neutralize or alter the poisonous substances plants produce. What's unique about this chewing strategy is that the beetle is actually exhibiting a behavioral response to the plant's defenses rather than the more common chemical response. It is only after a beetle's survived several encounters with the plant's resin that it learns how to avoid the poison: by chewing through the resin transporting veins on the next leaf it eats, and thus gives itself a safe meal. However, it can take a beetle an hour and a half of careful vein cutting to prepare a small leaf that takes it only a few minutes to eat. So, though the method is effective, it's not very efficient.生词摘录：1. shrub: n. 灌木2. resin: n. 树脂3. beetle: n. 甲壳虫4. vein: n. 静脉5. neutralize: v. 中和6. alter: v. 改变________________________________________2. Human populations near the equator have evolved dark skin over many generations because of exposure to the fiercest rays of the sun. A similar phenomenon has also occurred in other parts of the animal kingdom. The African grass mouse is a good example. Most mice are nocturnal, but the African grass mouse is active during daylight hours. This means that it spends its days searching for food in the semi-dry bush in scrubby habitats of eastern and southern Africa. Its furry stripe's like a chipmunk's, which helps it blend in with its environment. Because it spends a lot of time in the intense tropical sun, the grass mouse has also evolved two separate safeguards against the sun's ultraviolet radiation. First, like the population of humans in this region of the world, the skin of the grass mouse contains lots of melanin, or dark pigment. Second and quite unusual, this mouse has a layer of melanin-pigmented tissue between its skull and skin. This unique cap provides an extra measure of protection for the grass mouse and three other types of African mouse, like rodents that are active during the day. The only other species scientists has identified with the same sort of skull adaptation is the white tent-making bat of the Central American tropics. Although these bats sleep during the day, they do so curled up with their heads exposed to the sun.生词摘录：1.equator: n. 赤道2.nocturnal: adj. 夜行的3.scrubby: adj. 树丛繁盛的4.stripe: n. 条纹5.chipmunk: n. 花栗鼠6.ultraviolet: adj. 紫外线的7.melanin: n. 黑色素8.pigment: n. 色素9.rodent: n. 啮齿类动物10.skull: n. 头骨________________________________________3. We've been looking at fear from a biological perspective, and someone asked whether the tendency to be fearful is genetic. What some studies done with mice indicate that mammals do inherit fearfulness to some degree. In one study, for instance, a group of mice was placed in a brightly lit open box with no hiding places. Some of the mice wandered around the box and didn't appear to be bothered about being so exposed. But other mice didn't move. They stayed up against one wall which indicated that they were afraid. Well, when fearful mice, or you might say anxious mice like the ones who stayed in one place, when mice like these were bred with one another repeatedly, after about twelve or so generations, then all of the offspring showed similar signs of fearfulness. And even when a new born mouse from this generation was raised by a mother and with other mice who were not fearful, that mouse still tended to be fearful as an adult. Now why is this? Well it's thought that specific genes in an animal's body have an influence on anxious behavior. These are genes that are associated with particular nerve-cell receptors in the brain. And the degree of overall of fearfulness in the mammal seems to depend in large part on the presence or absence of these nerve-cell receptors. And this appears to apply to humans as well by the way. But while a tendency towards anxiety and fear may well be an inherited trait, the specific form that the fear takes has more to do with the individual's environment. So a particular fear, like the fear of snakes or the fear of spider, say, is not genetic, but the overall tendency to have fearful responses, is. 生词摘录：1. genetic: adj. 遗传的2. offspring: n. 子孙，后代3. receptor: n. 接受器________________________________________4. Let's turn our focus now to advertising. We all know what an advertisement is. It's essentially a message that announces something for sale. Now there's an important precondition that must exist before you have advertising, and that's a large supply of consumer goods, that is, things to sell. You see in a place where the demand for a product is greater than the supply, there is no need to advertise. Now the earliest forms of advertising going back many hundreds of years with a simple sign over shop doors that told you whether the shop was a bakery, a butcher shop or what have you. Then with the advent of printing press, advertising increased substantially. Ads for products like coffee, tea and chocolate appeared in newspapers and other periodicals, as well as on the sides of building. In the American colonies, advertising and communications media like newspapers and pamphlets became a major factor in marketing goods and services. By modern standards, these early advertisements were quite small and subdued, not as splashy, whole page spread of today. Still some of them appeared on the front pages of newspapers probably because the news often consisted of less refresh reports from distant Europe while the ads were current and local. Advertising really came and do it so and became an essential part of doing business during the industrial revolution. Suddenly there was a much greater supply of things to sell. And as we said earlier, that is the driving force behind advertising. People's attention had to be drawn to the new product. Let's take a look at some of the advertisements from that time.生词摘录：1. essentially: adv. 本质上，本来2. precondition: n. 先决条件3. bakery: n. 面包店4. butcher: n. 屠户5. periodical: n. 期刊6. pamphlet: n. 小册子7. subdued: adj. 被抑制的8. splashy: adj. 大而显眼的，引人注目的________________________________________5. Moving away from newspapers, let's now focus on magazines. Now, the first magazine was a little periodical called The Review, and it was started in London in 1704. It looked a lot like the newspapers of the time. But in terms of its content, it was much different. Newspapers were concerned mainly with news events, but The Review focused on important domestic issues of the day as well as the policies of the government. Now in England at the time, people could still be thrown in jail for publishing articles that were critical of the king. And that's what happened to Daniel Defoe. He was the outspoken founder of The Review. Defoe actually wrote the first issue of The Review from prison. You see, he had been arrested because of his writings that criticized the policies of the Church of England, which was headed by the king. After his release, Defoe continued to produce The Review and magazine started to appear on a more frequent schedule, about three times a week, it didn't take long for other magazines to start popping up. In 1709, a magazine called The Tatler began publication. This new magazine contained a mixture of news, poetry, political analysis, and philosophical essays.生词摘录：1. periodical: n. 期刊2. The Review: 《评论》杂志3. Daniel Defoe: 丹尼尔·笛福(1660 -1731)，生于伦敦一小工商业者家庭，1731年4月26日卒于莫尔福德。
托福听力十大必背模板4
托福听力十大必背模板44. 生活段子：噪音影响I'm grad to see so many of you here. We've become really alarmed over the health center by the number of students we are seeing， who are experiencing hearing loss. First， I want to go over some basic about hearing. Then we can take a look at our school environment and see if we can figure out some ways to protect hearing. The leading cause of preventable hearing loss is excessive noise. Too much moderate noise for a long time or some types of intense noise for even a short time can damage hearing. Loudness is measured in units called decibels. One decibel is the lowest sound that the average person can here. Sounds up to 80 decibels generally aren't harmful. That's noise like traffic on a busy street. But anything louder than 80 decibels，especially with continuous exposure，may eventually hurt your hearing. Once you are up to around 140 decibels，that's like a jet plane taking off， then you might even feel pain in your ears. And pains are sure sign that your hearing's at risk. Even one exposure to a really loud noise at close range can cause hearing loss. So what you need to do is limit your exposure to harmful levels. If you pass along this handout， we can take a look at the decibel level of some common campus sounds. Notice how loud those horns are that people take to football games. They are really dangerous if blown right behind you. Now，let's try to generate a list of damaging noises。
老托福听力93篇（27-28）
老托福听力93篇（27-28）第一篇：老托福听力93篇(27-28)老托福听力93篇(27-28)-It seems like only yesterdayIt seems like only yesterday that I was sitting where you are, just finishing my first year of medical school and wondering if I'd ever get a chance to use all my new knowledge on a real live patient!Well, I have good news for you!You don't have to wait until your third or fourth year of medical school to get some hands-on experience!The dean has invited me here to tell you about the university's rural opportunity program.If you enroll in this program, you can have the opportunity this summer, after your first year of medical school, to spend from four to six weeks observing and assisting a real physician like me in a small rural community.You won't have to compete with other students for time and attention, and you can see what life as a country doctor is really like.The program was designed to encourage medical students like yourselves to consider careers in rural communities that are still understaffed.It seems that medical students are afraid to go into rural family practice for two reasons.First, they don't know much about it.And second, specialists in the cities usually make more money.But, on the up-side, in rural practice, doctors can really get to know their patients and be respected members of the community.I participated in the program when it first started and spent six weeks in a small rural town.Let me tell you, it was really great!I got to work with real patients.I watched the birth of a child, assisted an accident victim, and had lots of really practical hands-on experience—all in one summer.And to my surprise, I found that country life has a lot to offer that city life doesn't—no pollution or traffic jams, forinstance!My experience made me want to work where I'm needed and appreciated.I don't miss the city at all!【生词摘录】1.live: adj.not dead or artificial;living 活的;非人造的;有生命的2.hands-on: adj.providing practical experience of something by letting people do it themselves 实际操作的，亲身实践的3.enroll: v.to officially arrange to join a school, university or course, or arrange for someone else to 招(生)，吸收(成员);注册(学习)4.physician: n.[C]AmE formal a doctor 【美，正式】(内科)医生5.understaffed: adj.not having enough workers, or fewer workers than usual 人员(配备)不足的，人手不够的6.up-side: n.especially AmE the positive part of a situation that is generally bad【尤美】(不利局面中)好的一面，积极面7.victim: n.[C]someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered 受害者;牺牲者8.jam: n.[C]a situation in which it is difficult or impossible to move because there are so many people, things, cars etc close together 拥挤;堵塞9.appreciate: v.to understand how good or useful someone or something is 欣赏;赏识;鉴赏In the few minutes that remain of today's class, I'd like to discuss next week's schedule with you.Because I'm presenting a paper at a conference in Detroit on Thursday, I won't be here for either Wednesday's or Friday's class.I will, however, be here for Monday's.Next Friday, a week from today, is the midterm exam, marking the halfway point in the semester.Professor Andrews has agreed to administer the exam.In place of the usual Wednesday class, I've arranged an optional review session.Since it is optional, attendance will not be taken;however, attending the class wouldbe a good idea for those worried about the midterm.So, remember: optional class next Wednesday;midterm, Friday.【生词摘录】1.Detroit: the largest city in Michigan and a major Great Lakes port;center of the United States automobile industry;located in southeastern Michigan on the Detroit river across from Windsor 底特律2.administer: v.to organize the way a test or punishment is given, or the way laws are used 执行，实施3.optional: adj.if something is optional, you do not have to do it or use it, but you can choose to if you want to 可选择的，非强制的4.attendance: n.[C,U]the number of times that you go to a meeting, class etc that is held regularly 出席率，到场次数第二篇：老托福听力101-1501.Which of the following best describes the fact?A.Mary waits and lets Gail prepare dinnerB.Gail always helps prepare dinnerC.Gail does not let Mary help prepare dinnerD.Mary always prepares dinner alone2.What did the man want to do?A.The man arrested JaneB.The man threatened to call the policeC.The man didn’t want Jane to leaveD.The man promised to leave at once3.What do we know about Mr.Smith?A.Mr.Smith didn’t come yesterdayB.Mr.Smith came yesterdayC.Mr.Smith was busy yesterdayD.Mr.Smith was not dependable4.When did the class start?A.The class started at 11:30B.The class started at 12:00C.The class started at 12:30D.The class started at 1:005.Which of the following is true?A.Sally is a nurseB.The baby’s name is SallyC.The baby is girlD.Sally is a mother6.What is true about Mike?A.Mike didn’t finish schoolB.Mike went to school,then to workC.Mike would rather work than go to schoolD.Mike always finished his work7.What did the speaker want?A.He wanted saladB.He wanted a spoonC.He wanted sugarD.He wanted a fork8.What does the speaker mean?A.The policeman probably told Tom how to find the churchB.The policeman probably didn’t know how to find the churchC.Tom probably never found the churchD.Tom probably never asked the policeman9.What do we know about Jim?A.Jim had his car keyB.Jim was still in his houseC.Jim’s house key was in his pocketD.Jim lost his car10.Which of the following is true?A.George wanted to go,but his wife wanted to stayB.George wanted to stay,but his wife wanted to goC.Both of them were determined to goD.Both of them were determined to stay11.What does the speaker mean?A.The outside should be cleaned with a damp clothB.The exterior should be moistened before cleaningC.The moist cloth should be cleaned before wipingD.The outside should be cleaned before moistening12.Which of the following is true?A.I don’t enjoy talking with Mr.jonesB.I’m not planning to talk with Mr.jonesC.I expect to be talking with Mr.Jones soonD.I haven’t had to talk wi th Mr.Jones very often13.What does the speaker mean?A.I often leave before the play is overB.I travel less than Joe doesC.I see the plays after Joe sees themD.I go to the theater,but not so often as Joe14.How many volleyball players are there in the team?A.96B.25C.150D.1615.How much is it for three pairs of these end tables?A.$85B.$150C.$170D.$45016.What does the speaker mean?A.Tom wanted a tennis racketB.Tom did not play basketballC.A tennis racket came as Tom’s birthday giftD.Tom wanted a basketball or a tennis racket17.Which of the following is true?A.She amuses herself easilyB.She is never left aloneC.She is left without any problemD.She has a problem staying amused18.How is the business now?A.Business is better now than ever beforeB.Business is prosperousC.Business is never slowD.Business is not as good as it used to be19.How many birds are left now?A.FourB.EightC.TwoD.None20.What happened to the woman?A.She had a headache suddenlyB.She never has headachesC.She had broken the typewriterD.Buying a typewriter gave the woman a headache21.What does the speaker mean?A.Mary likes to be unfriendlyB.Mary waved when she saw youC.Mary did not wave because she did not see youD.You should have waved at Mary22.What does the speaker usually do?A.He doesn’t lock his bike outsideB.He usually leaves his bike outsideC.He locks his bike outside and it is his habitD.His bike has no locks23.Which of the is true?A.I used Frank’s car with his permissionB.Louise lent Fra nk’s car to me without his knowledgeC.Louise lent her car to me and I gave it to FrankD.I lent Louise Frank’s car24.What do we know about the girl and her bike?A.The girl screamed and kicked her friendB.The bicycle screamed at the small girlC.The sma ll girl’s bike fell on her and she screamedD.The girl screamed and kicked her bike25.What does the speaker mean?A.Nancy has Paul’s scarf onB.Nancy is wearing a knit scarfC.Paul has a knit scarfD.Paul never wears the knit scarf that Nancy made him26.What is Mary doing?A.She is looking for her paint brushesB.She is looking for some empty cansC.She is painting the cansD.She is emptying a couple of cans27.Which of the following is true?A.Bob criticized his father’s plans for a new office buildingB.Bob was unhappy when his father criticized his plans for a new office buildingC.Bob and his father criticized the plans for a new office buildingD.Bob’s father criticized him in his new office28.What does the speaker mean?A.It’s bad to go outsideB.I t’s bad you don’t have an umbrellaC.If it didn’t rain,you would have been happierD.All of the rain should not bother you29.What do we know about the accountant?A.The accountant is poorB.The accountant has got enough senseC.The accountant’s judgment i s not reliableD.The accountant can be trusted30.Why is Betty late?A.Because she doesn’t like her jobB.Because she takes her son to the nurseryC.Because her son is illD.The speaker doesn’t tell us31.What does the speaker mean?A.Bill gulped his drinkB.Bill enjoys his food a great dealC.Bill didn’t enjoy his drinkD.Bill savored the taste of his drink32.Which is more difficult for the speaker to play?A.ChessB.VolleyballC.FootballD.Basketball33.Which is more difficult for the speaker to play?A.She wants him to take up smokingB.She wants him to cut down on his smokingC.She wants him to give up smokingD.She wants him to look into smoking34.What happened to the speaker’s car?A.It was badly damagedB.It fell into a riverC.It left the road and stopped in a fieldD.The speaker doesn’t tell us35.What does the speaker think of Kenny?A.She thinks Kenny’s independentB.She thinks Kenny’s selfishC.She thinks Kenny’s intelligentD.She thinks Kenny’s generous36.How did the speaker train the dog?A.Punish the dogB.Pick the dog upC.Reward the dogD.Ignore the dog37.Which of the following is true?A.He neither speakers,understands,nor know how to write JapaneseB.While he speakers and understands Janpanese,he isn’t able to write itC.He’s not able to speak or understand Japanese,but he knows how to write itD.Although he can’t speak or understand Janpanese,he can write it38.How is the speaker feeling?A.SickB.HappyC.BetterD.FIne39.What does the woman mean?A.She said she wanted to go to the moviesB.She said she’d rather go to the movies tomorrow nightC.She said she didn’t want to go to the moviesD.She said she went to the movies with Joe40.Which of the following is true?A.I didn’t know where you lived,so I didn’t visit youB.I couldn’t f ind your dressC.I had no idea you were visitingD.I came to see you,but you weren’t at home41.What do you know about the President’s speech?A.What do you think provoked the President?B.The President was thinking aloudC.Don’t you think the speech was s timulatingD.The speech angered the press42.What does the speaker mean?A.You shouldn’t be that busy nowB.You’ve had a lot to do recentlyC.Did you expect to be so busyD.How have you been doing recently43.What do we know about Jack?A.Jack’s way was mo re funB.Jack was quite pleasantC.Jack wasn’t pleased anywayD.Jack wasn’t at the play44.Which of the following is correct?A.I have never met Sara’s friendsB.I’m a friendlier person than SaraC.Sara has never been friendly to meD.Sara is the friendliest person I know45.Which of the following is true?A.There’s trash collection everydayB.The litter gets worse everydayC.Lee picks up the garbage during the dayD.Lee stops at the garage each day46.What happened to Alice?A.Alice gave the policeman a ticket to a movieB.The officer was all out of tickets that dayC.Alice got a ticket for speedingD.The policeman saw Alice driving47.What does the speaker mean?A.I watched for ten minutesB.It wa 9:30 when I set my watchC.The time is 9:20D.I set my watch thirty minutes ahead48.What does the speaker mean?A.I’ll do it at onceB.I’ll look for it without delayC.I won’t be fooled againD.I’ll talk to him right now49.What happened to Jim?A.Jim hurt his foot when returningB.Jim heard it correctly the second timeC.Jim weighed his peckD.Jim hurt his back50.What does the speaker mean?A.Don’t you need a refill for your pen?B.Your order for a dozen pencils has been filledC.Ben needs another bill from youD.Don’t you want to get your friend a new pen第三篇：老托福听力93篇(87-88)-These days we take 老托福听力93篇(87-88)-These days we takeThese days we take for granted the wide variety of music available on the radio.But, this wasn't always the case.In the early days of radio, stations were capable of broadcasting only a narrow range of sounds, which was all right for the human voice but music didn't sound very good.There was also a great deal of crackling and other static noises that further interfered with the quality of the sound.A man named Edwin Armstrong, who was a music lover, set out to change this.He invented FM radio, a technology that allowed stations to send a broad range of frequencies that greatly improved the quality of the music.Now, you'd think that this would have made him a millionaire;it didn't.Radio stations at that time had invested enormous amounts of money in the old technology.So the last thing they wanted was to invest millions more in the new technology.Nor did they want to have to compete with other radio stations that had a superior sound and could put them out of business.So they pressured the Federal Communications Commission, the department of the United States government that regulates radio stations, to put restrictive regulations on FM radio.The result was that its use was limited to a very small area around New England.Of course as we all know, Edwin Armstrong's FM technology eventually prevailed and was adopted by thousands of stations around the world.But this took years of court battles and he never saw how it came to affect the lives of almost everyone.【生词摘录】1.crackling: n.[C]爆裂声2.static: adj.静电的3.FM: 调频(frequency modulation)4.frequency: n.[C]频率lionaire: n.[C]百万富翁，大富豪6.restrictive: adj.限制性的7.regulation: n.规则，规章8.prevail: v.流行，盛行，获胜，成功9.adopt: v.采用I'm going to talk about a train that exemplifies the rise and fall of passenger trains in the United States: the Twentieth Century Limited.Let me go back just a bit.In 1893, a special train was established to take people from New York to an exposition in Chicago.It was so successful that regular service was then set up between these cities.The inaugural trip of the Twentieth Century Limited was made in 1902.The train was different from what anyone had ever seen before.It was pulled by a steam engine and had five cars: two sleepers, a dining car, an observation car, and a baggage car, which, believe it or not, contained a library.The 42 passengers the train could carry were waited on by a large staff.There were even secretaries and a barber on board.It wasn't long before people had to wait two years to get a reservation.As time passed, technical improvements shortened the trip by a few hours.Perhaps the biggest technological change occurred in 1945, the switch from steam to diesel engines.By the 1960's, people were traveling by car and airplane.Unfortunately, the great old train didn't survive until the end of the century it was named for.【生词摘录】1.exemplify: v.例证，例示，作为……例子2.exposition: n.[C]博览会，展览会3.inaugural: adj.最早的，开始的4.sleeper: n.[C](火车等的)卧铺5.observation car: n.[C](火车的)游览车厢(有特大车窗或透明车顶)，了望车6.baggage: n.[C]行李7.wait on: 服侍，招待8.barber: n.[C]理发师9.reservation: n.[C]预订，预约10.switch: n.[C]转变11.diesel: n.[C]柴油机第四篇：托福听力策略小结托福听力策略小结1.在快速浏览时获取信息。
托福听力十大必背模板2
托福听力十大必背模板22. 理科段子：天文学In ancient times， many people believed the earth was a flat disc. Well over 2，000 years ago； the ancient Greek philosophers were able to put forward two good arguments proving that it was not. Direct observations of heavenly bodies were the basis of both these arguments. First， the Greeks knew that during eclipses of the moon the earth was between the sun and the moon， and they saw that during these eclipses， the earth's shadow on the moon was always round，they realized that this could be true only if the earth was spherical，It the earth was a flat disc，then its shadow during eclipses would not be a prefect circle；it would be stretched out into a long ellipse. The second argument was based on what the Greeks saw during their travels. They noticed that the North Star，or Polaris， appeared lower in the sky when they traveled south， in the more northerly regions， the North Star appeared to them to be much higher in the sky. By the way， it was also from this difference in the apparent position of the North Star that the Greeks first calculated the approximate distance around the circumference of the earth， a figure recorded in ancient documents says 400.000 stadium，that's the plural of the world stadium. Today，it's not known exactly what length one stadium represents，but let's say it was about 200 meters， the length of many athletic stadiums. This would make the Greek's estimate about twice the figure accepted today， a very good estimate for those writing so long before even the first telescope was invented.。
托福听力十大必背段子
1.文科xx：艺术类音乐2.理科xx：天文学In ancient times, many people believed the earth was a flat disc. Well over2,000years ago; the ancient Greek philosophers were able to put forward two good arguments proving that it was not. Direct observations of heavenly bodies were the basis of both these arguments. First, the Greeks knew that during eclipses of the moon the earth was between the sun and the moon, and they saw that during these eclipses,the earth''s shadow on the moon was always round, they realized that this could be true only if the earth was spherical, It the earth was a flat disc, then its shadow during eclipses would not be a prefect circle; it would be stretched out into a long ellipse.The second argument was based on what the Greeks saw during their travels. They noticed that the North Star, or Polaris, appeared lower in the sky when they traveled south, in the more northerly regions, the North Star appeared to them to be much higher in the sky. By the way, it was also from this difference in the apparent position of the North Star that the Greeks first calculated the approximate distance around the circumference of the earth, a figure recorded in ancient documents says 400.000stadium, that''s the plural of the world stadium. Today, it''s not known exactly what length one stadium represents, but let''s say it was about 200 meters, the length of many athletic stadiums. This would make the Greek''s estimate about twice the figure accepted today, a very good estimate for those writing so long before even the first telescope was invented.3.文科xx：文学名著Continuing our survey of the 19th century, let''s take a look now at Harriet Beecher Stowe. Now Stowe is best known for her novel Uncle Tom''s Cabin, a book that details the harshness of plantation life in the south. The book was extremelypopular in the United States as well as in other countries. Ironically though, for all the attention given to Uncle Tom''s Cabin, it''s far from Stowe''s best work. She did write one other novel about life in the south, but much of her best work has nothing with the south at all. In fact, Stowe''s best writing is about village life in the New England''s states in the 19th century. In recording to the customs of the villages she wrote about,Stowe claimed that her purpose was to reflect the images as realistically as possible.She usually succeed, for her settings were often described accurately and in detail.In this sense, she was an important forerunner to the realistic movement that became popular later in the 19th century. She was one of the first writers to use local dialect for her characters when they spoke. And she did this for 30 years before Mark Twain popularized the use of local dialect. It makes sense that Stowe would write about New England life, since she was born in Connecticut. As a young woman there, she worked as a teacher. The teaching job helped lead to her first published work, a geography book for children. Later when she was married, her writing helped her support her family financially. Throughout her life, she wrote poems, travel books,biographical sketches and children''s books, as well as novels for adults.4.生活xx：噪音影响5.文科xx：电影艺术To get us started this semester I am going to spend the first two classes giving you background lectures about some basic cinematic concepts. Once you are a little more familiar with basic film terminology, we will be ready to look at the history of movies in the United States. You''ll be expected to attend showing of films on Tuesday evenings at 7 o''clock in Jennings Auditorium. That''s our lab. Then during our Wednesday seminar, we''ll discuss in depth the movie we saw the night before. We are not covering silent films in this course. We will begin with the first talking motion picture, The Jazz Singer, released in 1927. The next week, we''ll be looking at The Gold Diggers of 1933, a piece that is very representative of the escapist trend infilms released during the depression. Some of the films we will be watching will probably be new to you, like Frank Capra''s Why We Fight. Others you might have already seen on TV like Rebel without A Cause starring James Deane, or Stanley Cooper''s Doctor''s Strange Love. However, I hope you see even familiar film with new eye. In the last three weeks of the course, we will be watching films from the 1980s and you''ll choose one of them as a subject for an extensive written critique. We''ll talk more about the requirements of the critique later in this semester6.文科xx：历史发展Last time, we outlined how the Civil War finally got started. I want to talk today about the political management of the war on both sides:7.文科xx：传媒变迁Moving away from newspapers, let''s now focus on magazines. Now the first magazine was a little periodical called the Review and it was started in London in1704. It looked a lot like the newspapers of the time, but in terms of its contents it wasmuch different. Newspapers were concerned mainly with news events but the Review focused on important domestic issues of the day, as well as the policies of the government. Now, in England at the time, people could still be thrown in jail for publishing articles that were critical of the king. And that is what happened to Daniel Defoe. He was the outspoken founder of the review. Defoe actually wrote the first issue of the Review from prison. You see, he had been arrested because of his writings that criticized the policies of the Church of England, which was headed by the king. After his release, Defoe continued to produce the Review and the magazine started to appear on a more frequent schedule, about three times a week. It didn''t take long for other magazines to start popping up. In 1709, a magazine called theTattler began publication. This new magazine contained a mixture of news, poetry, political analysis and philosophical essays.8.理科xx：远程教育Hi, Lynn. I saw you at registration yesterday. I sailed right through, but you were standing in a long line.Yeah. I waited an hour to sign up for a distance-learning course.Distance learning? Never heard of it.Well, it''s new this semester. It''s only open to psychology majors. But I bet it''ll catch on else where. Yesterday, over a hundred students signed up.Well, what is it?It''s an experimental course. I registered for child psychology. All I have got to do is watch a twelve-week series of televised lessons. The department shows them seven different times a day and in seven different locations.Don''t you ever have to meet with professor?Yeah. After each part of the series I have to talk to her and the other students on the phone, you know, about our ideas. Then we''ll meet on campus three times for reviews and exams.It sounds pretty non-traditional to me. But I guess it makes sense, considering how many students have jobs. It must really help with their schedules, not to mention how it will cut down on traffic.You know, last year my department did a survey and they found out that 80 percent of all psychology majors were employed. That''s why they came up with the program.Look, I''ll be working three days a week next semester and it was either cut back on my classes or try this out.The only thing is:doesn''t it seem impersonal though? I mean, I miss having class discussions and hearing what other people think.Well, I guess that''s why phone contact''s important. Any way, it''s an experiment.Maybe I''ll end up hating it.Maybe. But I''ll be curious to see how it works up.9.生活xx：游览沼泽地公园10.理科xx：地理冒险Emerson and Scott.。
新托福考试初级听力材料
范蠡的经商之道作者：来源：《商业文化》2014年第10期范蠡是春秋战国之际著名的人物，他协助勾践彻底击败吴王夫差而雪耻复国，继而助勾践北向称霸中原。
功成名就之后，激流勇退，务农经商，创造了人生的辉煌，为历史发展做出了杰出的贡献。
一、把握行情，“人取我予”。
范蠡商业经营的最主要目标是“人取我予”，即满足人们生活与生产的需求，这种需求不仅是多方面、多层次的，而且与时令、季节的关系也很密切。
他能把握时机，能提供市场最需要的东西，当然就会立于不败之地。
二、让货等人，“待乏贸易”。
范蠡运用农业丰歉循环论，调节物资，进行“待乏贸易”，具体说，就是“夏则资皮，冬则资緆（细麻布），旱则资舟，水则资车，以待乏也。
”所谓待乏原则就是让货等人，不要让人等货。
要准备别人所没有的或想不到的，这样才能在市场上占据制高点，占据优势。
三、诚信经商，“不求暴利”。
范蠡经商，不仅善于抓住时机，并且不追求暴利。
《史记》记载，范蠡“侯时转物，逐十一之利。
”这是非常人性化的主张，符合中国传统思想中经商求“诚信”、求“义”的原则。
而且薄利多销，不求暴利，细水长流，日积月累，必成大富。
这是范蠡成功的秘诀之一。
四、因地制宜，多种经营。
范蠡搞经济不是盲目出击，而是精心选择地点，充分发挥自然环境的优势，以求最好的经济效益。
他离开越国后，来到齐，具有良好的从事生产的条件，为范蠡致富奠定了基础。
在齐地，他从事农业和海上经营，到陶后，除了经营农产品还倡导多种经营。
他曾向鲁国穷士猗顿传授致富经验：子欲速富，应当饲养五种牲畜。
他还提倡养鱼，《齐民要术》记载的《养鱼经》传说就是范蠡所作。
五、注重质量，不图侥幸。
范蠡和计然提出一套“积著之理”，就是贮存货物的原则。
他说：“积著之理，务完物，无息币，以物相贸易，腐败而食之货勿留，无敢居贵。
”重视货物质量，资金要流通，不图侥幸获利。
六、埋头苦干，劳动致富。
范蠡充分利用齐地的资源和环境，带领全家人艰苦奋斗。
他从越国的上将军一变而为普通的劳动者，在官为本的时代，多少人仰慕高官厚禄，而范蠡坦然改变身份，埋头苦干，劳动致富，对传统观念做出了大胆的挑战，仅此一点对后人的启迪是极其深刻的。
邱政政--托福听力十大必背段子
邱政政--托福听力十大必背段子<4>9. 970539 生活段子：游览沼泽地公园Welcome to Everglade’s National Park. The Everglade is a watery plain covered with saw grass that’s the home to numerous species of plants and wild life. And one and half million acre is too big to see it all today. But this tour will offer you a good sampling. Our tour bus will stop first at Tailor Slue. This is a good place to start because it’s home to many of the plants and animals typically associated with the everglade. You’ll see many exotic birds and of course a world famous alligators. Don’t worry. There’s a boardwalk that goes across the marsh, so you can look down at the animals in the water from a safe distance. The boardwalk is high enough to give you a great view of the saw grass prairie. From there we’ll head at some other marshy and even jungle-like areas that feature wonderful tropical plant life. For those of you who’d like a close view of the saw grass prairie, you mightconsider running a canoe sometime during your visit here. However, don’t do this unless you have a very good sense of direction and can negotiate your way through tall grass. We hate to have to come looking for you. You have a good fortune of being here in the winter, the best time of the year to visit. During the spring and summer the mosquitoes will just about to eat you alive. Right now, they are not so bothersome, but you’ll soon want to use an insect repellent.10. 000147 理科段子：地理冒险Good morning, class. Before we begin today, I would like to address an issue that one of you reminded me of after the last lecture. As you may recall, last time I mentioned that Robert E. Peary was the first person to reach the North Pole. What I neglected to mention was the controversy around Peary’s pioneering accomplishment. In 1910, a committee of the national geographical society examined Commodore Peary’s claim to have reached the North Pole on April 6th’ 1909 and found no reason to doubt him. This judgment was actually confirmed by a committee of the US congress in 1911. Nevertheless, Peary’s claim was surrounded bycontroversy. Tins was largely due to the competing claim of Doctor Frederic Cook who told the world he had reached the Pole a four-year earlier. Over the decades Peary was given the benefit of the doubt, but critics persisted in raising questions about his navigation and the distances he claimed to have covered. So the Navigation Foundation spent an additional 12 months of exhaustive examination of documents relating to Peary’s polar expedition. The documents supposed Peary’s claims about the distances he covered. After also conducting an extensive computer analysis of photos taken by Peary at the pole, they concluded that Pierre and his companions did in fact reach the near vicinity of the North Pole on April 6th. 1909. OK, today we’re going to talk about exploration of the opposite end of the world, I assume you all read chapter 3 in our text and are now familiar with the names: Emerson and Scott.。
托福听力十大必背模板9
托福听力十大必背模板99. 生活段子：游览沼泽地公园Welcome to Everglade's National Park. The Everglade is a watery plain covered with saw grass that's the home to numerous species of plants and wild life. And one and half million acre is too big to see it all today. But this tour will offer you a good sampling. Our tour bus will stop first at Tailor Slue. This is a good place to start because it's home to many of the plants and animals typically associated with the everglade. You'll see many exotic birds and of course a world famous alligators. Don't worry. There's a boardwalk that goes across the marsh， so you can look down at the animals in the water from a safe distance. The boardwalk is high enough to give you a great view of the saw grass prairie. From there we'll head at some other marshy and even jungle-like areas that feature wonderful tropical plant life. For those of you who'd like a close view of the saw grass prairie，you might consider running a canoe sometime during your visit here. However，don't do this unless you have a very good sense of direction and can negotiate your way through tall grass. We hate to have to come looking for you. You have a good fortune of being here in the winter， the best time of the year to visit. During the spring and summer the mosquitoes will just about to eat you alive. Right now， they are not so bothersome， but you'll soon want to use an insect repellent.。
【听力提分】托福听力备考10大必备段子-噪音影响
托福听力备考10大必备段子-噪音影响在托福的备考过程中，听力能力提升还是比较缓慢的。
但是，在备考中，我们也不难发现有些经典话题会重复出现。
下面，为广大托福考生整理了托福听力十大必背经典段子，大家如果能掌握这些话题及相关词汇，就会对托福听力的答题带来很大的帮助。
托福听力十大必备段子I’m glad to see so many of you here. We’ve become really alarmed over the health center by the number of students we are seeing, who are experiencing hearing loss. First I want to go over some basics about hearing, then we can take a look at our school environment and see if we can figure out some ways to protect hearing. The leading cause of preventable hearing loss is excessive noise. Too much moderate noise for a long time, or some types of intense noise for even a short time can damage hearing. Loudness is measured in units called decibels. One decibel is the lowest sound that the average person can hear. Sounds up to 80 decibels generally aren’t harmful, that’s noise like traffic on a busy street. But anything louder than 80 decibels, esp. with continuous exposure, may eventually hurt your hearing. Once you’re up to around 140 decibels, that’s like a jet plane taking off, then you might even feel pain in your ears. And pains are sure sign that your hearing is at risk. Even one exposure to a really loud noise at close range can cause hearing loss. So what you need to do is limit your exposure to harmful levels. If you pass along this hand-out, we can take a look at the decibel level of some common campus sounds. Notice how loud those horns are that people take to football games. They are really dangerous if blown right behind you. Now, let’s try to generate a list of damaging noises.托福听力十大必备段子(4)：噪音影响很高兴见到大家。
托福听力十大必背段子(2)
考生必看:托福听力十大必背段子来源: 上海金融报时间: 2007年10月17日网友评论1. 000139 文科段子：艺术类音乐It may seem strange that we're discussing music from a Broadway production in this class, "The Lion King" especially, since it's based on a popular Hollywood movie. I mean music preformed for Broadway theater in the heart of New York city surely would seem to be in the western tradition of popular music and not have much in common with the music we have been studying in this course, such as gamelan music of Indonesia, or Zulu chants of South Africa, music that developed outside the western tradition of Europe and America. But in fact, musicians have a long-standing tradition of borrowing front one another's cultures. And this production's director intentionally included both western and non-western music. That way, some of the rhythms, instrument, and harmonies typical of non-western music contrast with and complement popular music more familiar to audiences in North America and Europe, music like rock, jazz or Broadway style show tunes. So I want to spend the rest of this class and most of the next one on the music from the show "The Lion King" as a way of summarizing some of the technical distinctions between typical western music and the non-western music that we've been studying. Now the African influence on the music is clear. The story takes place in Africa. So the director got a South African composer to write songs with a distinctly African sound. And the songs even include words from African languages. But we'll get back to the African influence later. First let's turn to the music that was written for the shadow puppet scenes in "The Lion King", music based on the Indonesian music used in the shadow puppet theater of that region.2. 000143 理科段子：天文学In ancient times, many people believed the earth was a flat disc. Well over 2,000 years ago; the ancient Greek philosophers were able to put forward two good arguments proving that it was not. Direct observations of heavenly bodies were the basis of both these arguments. First, the Greeks knew that during eclipses of the moon the earth was between the sun and the moon, and they saw that during these eclipses, the earth's shadow on the moon was always round, they realized that this could be true only if the earth was spherical, It the earth was a flat disc, then its shadow during eclipses would not be a prefect circle; it would be stretched out into a long ellipse. The second argument was based on what the Greeks saw during their travels. They noticed that the North Star, or Polaris, appeared lower in the sky when they traveled south, in the more northerlyregions, the North Star appeared to them to be much higher in the sky. By the way, it was also from this difference in the apparent position of the North Star that the Greeks first calculated the approximate distance around the circumference of the earth, a figure recorded in ancient documents says 400.000 stadium, that's the plural of the world stadium. Today, it's not known exactly what length one stadium represents, but let's say it was about 200 meters, the length of many athletic stadiums. This would make the Greek's estimate about twice the figure accepted today, a very good estimate for those writing so long before even the first telescope was invented.3. 991044 文科段子：文学名著Continuing our survey of the 19th century, let's take a look now at Harriet Beecher Stowe. Now Stowe is best known for her novel Uncle Tom's Cabin, a book that details the harshness of plantation life in the south. The book was extremely popular in the United States as well as in other countries. Ironically though, for all the attention given to Uncle Tom's Cabin, it's far from Stowe's best work. She did write one other novel about life in the south, but much of her best work has nothing with the south at all. In fact, Stowe's best writing is about village life in the New England's states in the 19th century. In recording to the customs of the villages she wrote about, Stowe claimed that her purpose was to reflect the images as realistically as possible. She usually succeeded, for her settings were often described accurately and in detail. In this sense, she was an important forerunner to the realistic movement that became popular later in the 19th century. She was one of the first writers to use local dialect for her characters when they spoke. And she did this for 30 years before Mark Twain popularized the use of local dialect. It makes sense that Stowe would write about New England life, since she was born in Connecticut. As a young woman there, she worked as a teacher. The teaching job helped lead to her first published work, a geography book for children. Later when she was married, her writing helped her support her family financially. Throughout her life, she wrote poems, travel books, biographical sketches and children's books, as well as novels for adults.4. 991040 生活段子：噪音影响I'm grad to see so many of you here. We've become really alarmed over the health center by the number of students we are seeing, who are experiencing hearing loss. First, I want to go over some basic about hearing. Then we can take a look at our school environment and see if we can figure out some ways to protect hearing.The leading cause of preventable hearing loss is excessive noise. Too much moderate noise for a long time or some types of intense noise for even a short time can damage hearing. Loudness is measured in units called decibels. One decibel is the lowest sound that the average person can here. Sounds up to 80 decibels generally aren't harmful. That's noise like traffic on a busy street. But anything louder than 80 decibels, especially with continuous exposure, may eventually hurt your hearing. Once you are up to around 140 decibels, that's like a jet plane taking off, then you might even feel pain in your ears. And pains are sure sign that your hearing's at risk. Even one exposure to a really loud noise at close range can cause hearing loss. So what you need to do is limit your exposure to harmful levels. If you pass along this handout, we can take a look at the decibel level of some common campus sounds. Notice how loud those horns are that people take to football games. They are really dangerous if blown right behind you. Now, let's try to generate a list of damaging noises5. 990839 文科段子：电影艺术To get us started this semester I am going to spend the first two classes giving you background lectures about some basic cinematic concepts. Once you are a little more familiar with basic film terminology, we will be ready to look at the history of movies in the United States. You'll be expected to attend showing of films on Tuesday evenings at 7 o'clock in Jennings Auditorium. That's our lab. Then during our Wednesday seminar, we'll discuss in depth the movie we saw the night before. We are not covering silent films in this course. We will begin with the first talking motion picture, The Jazz Singer, released in 1927. The next week, we'll be looking at The Gold Diggers of 1933, a piece that is very representative of the escapist trend in films released during the depression. Some of the films we will be watching will probably be new to you, like Frank Capra's Why We Fight. Others you might have already seen on TV like Rebel without A Cause starring James Deane, or Stanley Cooper's Doctor's Strange Love. However, I hope you see even familiar film with new eye. In the last three weeks of the course, we will be watching films from the 1980s and you'll choose one of them as a subject for an extensive written critique. We'll talk more about the requirements of the critique later in this semester6. 990848 文科段子：历史发展Last time, we outlined how the Civil War finally got started. I want to talk today about the political management of the war on both sides: the north under Abraham Lincoln and the south under Jefferson Davis. An important task for both of these presidents was to justify for their citizens just why the war was necessary. In 1861, onJuly 4th, Lincoln gave his first major speech in which he presented the northern reasons for the war. It was, he said, to preserve democracy. Lincoln suggested that this war was a noble crusade that would determine the future of democracy through out the world. For him the issue was whether or not this government of the people, by the people could maintain its integrity, could it remain complete and survive its domestic foes. In other words, could a few discontented individuals and by that he meant those who led the southern rebellion, could they arbitrarily break up the government and put an end to free government on earth? The only way for the nation to survive was to crush the rebellion. At the time, he was hopeful that the war wouldn't last long and the slave owners would be put down forever, but he underestimated how difficult the war would be. It would be harder than any the Americans had thought before or since, largely because the north had to break the will of the southern people, not just by its army. But Lincoln rallied northerners to a deep commitment to the cause. They came to perceive the war as a kind of democratic crusade against southern society.7. 981042 文科段子：传媒变迁Moving away from newspapers, let's now focus on magazines. Now the first magazine was a little periodical called the Review and it was started in London in 1704. It looked a lot like the newspapers of the time, but in terms of its contents it was much different. Newspapers were concerned mainly with news events but the Review focused on important domestic issues of the day, as well as the policies of the government. Now, in England at the time, people could still be thrown in jail for publishing articles that were critical of the king. And that is what happened to Daniel Defoe. He was the outspoken founder of the review. Defoe actually wrote the first issue of the Review from prison. You see, he had been arrested because of his writings that criticized the policies of the Church of England, which was headed by the king. After his release, Defoe continued to produce the Review and the magazine started to appear on a more frequent schedule, about three times a week. It didn't take long for other magazines to start popping up. In 1709, a magazine called the Tattler began publication. This new magazine contained a mixture of news, poetry, political analysis and philosophical essays.8. 971035 理科段子：远程教育Hi, Lynn. I saw you at registration yesterday. I sailed right through, but you were standing in a long line. Yeah. I waited an hour to sign up for a distance-learning course.Distance learning? Never heard of it.Well, it's new this semester. It's only open to psychology majors. But I bet it'll catch on else where. Yesterday, over a hundred students signed up.Well, what is it?It's an experimental course. I registered for child psychology. All I have got to do is watch a twelve-week series of televised lessons. The department shows them seven different times a day and in seven different locations.Don't you ever have to meet with professor?Yeah. After each part of the series I have to talk to her and the other students on the phone, you know, about our ideas. Then we'll meet on campus three times for reviews and exams.It sounds pretty non-traditional to me. But I guess it makes sense, considering how many students have jobs. It must really help with their schedules, not to mention how it will cut down on traffic.You know, last year my department did a survey and they found out that 80 percent of all psychology majors were employed. That's why they came up with the program.Look, I'll be working three days a week next semester and it was either cut back on my classes or try this out. The only thing is: doesn't it seem impersonal though? I mean, I miss having class discussions and hearing what other people think.Well, I guess that's why phone contact's important. Any way, it's an experiment.Maybe I'll end up hating it.Maybe. But I'll be curious to see how it works up.9. 970539 生活段子：游览沼泽地公园Welcome to Everglade's National Park. The Everglade is a watery plain covered with saw grass that's the home to numerous species of plants and wild life. And one and half million acre is too big to see it all today. But thistour will offer you a good sampling. Our tour bus will stop first at Tailor Slue. This is a good place to start because it's home to many of the plants and animals typically associated with the everglade. You'll see many exotic birds and of course a world famous alligators. Don't worry. There's a boardwalk that goes across the marsh, so you can look down at the animals in the water from a safe distance. The boardwalk is high enough to give you a great view of the saw grass prairie. From there we'll head at some other marshy and even jungle-like areas that feature wonderful tropical plant life. For those of you who'd like a close view of the saw grass prairie, you might consider running a canoe sometime during your visit here. However, don't do this unless you have a very good sense of direction and can negotiate your way through tall grass. We hate to have to come looking for you. You have a good fortune of being here in the winter, the best time of the year to visit. During the spring and summer the mosquitoes will just about to eat you alive. Right now, they are not so bothersome, but you'll soon want to use an insect repellent.10. 000147 理科段子：地理冒险Good morning, class. Before we begin today, I would like to address an issue that one of you reminded me of after the last lecture. As you may recall, last time I mentioned that Robert E. Peary was the first person to reach the North Pole. What I neglected to mention was the controversy around Peary's pioneering accomplishment. In 1910, a committee of the national geographical society examined Commodore Peary's claim to have reached the North Pole on April 6th' 1909 and found no reason to doubt him. This judgment was actually confirmed by a committee of the US congress in 1911. Nevertheless, Peary's claim was surrounded by controversy. Tins was largely due to the competing claim of Doctor Frederic Cook who told the world he had reached the Pole afour-year earlier. Over the decades Peary was given the benefit of the doubt, but critics persisted in raising questions about his navigation and the distances he claimed to have covered. So the Navigation Foundation spent an additional 12 months of exhaustive examination of documents relating to Peary's polar expedition. The documents supposed Peary's claims about the distances he covered. After also conducting an extensive computer analysis of photos taken by Peary at the pole, they concluded that Pierre and his companions did in fact reach the near vicinity of the North Pole on April 6th. 1909. OK, today we're going to talk about exploration of the opposite end of the world, I assume you all read chapter 3 in our text and are now familiar with the names: Emerson and Scott.。
托福听力原文中精选100例
托福听力中，小词或习语是必考的，且又是考生最不容易掌握的。
现从托福听力原文中精选100例，方便考生复习掌握习语或小词。
1，a change of pace 节奏变换You can’t do these chemistry experiments all day long. You certainly need a change of pace.2, a far cry from 相距甚远The published book is far cry from the early manuscript.3, and how 的确A: She’s a good dancer.B: and how.4, a matter of time 时间问题It is only a matter of time.5, a phone call away 一个电话之远，愿意过来帮忙。
If you need my help, do let me know. Just remember I am a phone call away.6, a while back 不久以前7，all along 一直I knew it all along.8, anything but 绝对不I was anything but happy about going.9, account for 解释How do you account for it?10, after all 到底A: I’ve just seen the X-rays and your teeth look just fine,B: I see. Then there is nothing to worry about after all.11, allergic to 对|……过敏Oh man! Something in this room is making my eyes itch. I must be allergic to something.12, at sb’s service 愿为某人服务I am at your service at any time.13, around the clock 24小时不停Martha studied around the clock for management exam.14, as far as I know 就我所知15，at home with 对…..很熟悉She is at home with problems like this.16, back out1) 退出A: Wasn’t Bert supposed to sing tonight?B: Yes, but he backed out at last minute2）不履行She finally backed out of her promise.17, be cut out for 天生适合I’m not cut out to be a hero.18, be absorbed inShe has been absorbed in a horror fiction. I can’t tear her away.19, be addicted to 对……上瘾She has been addicted to drugs for years.20，be attached to 对……有感情A: I’m amazed that you are still driving that old car of yours. I thought you would havegotten rid of it years ago.B: It runs well and I’ve actually been quite attached to it.21, back up1) 累积The subway is running behind schedule, and traffic is backed up for blocks. I don’t know if we’ll make the 6:30 show.2) 支持I’ll back it up.22, be bound for 到……地方The bus is bound for New England.23, be (feel) myself 找到自我I’m feeling myself again.24, be burned up 生气She was really burned up at the news.25, be hard up forI’m hard up for clothes, but I have a lot of books.26, be head and shoulders above 好许多In calculus, Joe is head and shoulders above his classmates.27，be in the dark 蒙在鼓里A: Do you have any idea what his notice is about?B: I’m as in the dark as you are.28，be stuck 卡住了I can’t get this window open. It’s stuck.29, bite off more than one can chew. 贪多嚼不烂A: I hear you’re taking an advanced physics course this semester. B: I think I’ve bitten off more than I can chew.30, break new ground 有了新的突破His architectural design broke new ground in the field.31，benefit concert 慈善音乐会We need to let everyone know about the benefit concert, but we don’t have much money for advertising.32, busy signal 占线I’ve been calling David for th e past half hour, but I keep getting a busy signal.33,between you and me 你我之间，保密34，call forA,打电话找Tom just called for you.B,预报The forecast calls for heavy rain again tonight. Aren’t you glad we’ll be getting away from this for a week?C,问It’s probably in the new part of town. We’ll have to call for directions.35, call it a day 就此结束A: I’m really glad our club decides to raise money for the children’s hospital, and most of the people we’ve phoned seemed happy to contribute.B: Yeah, I agree. Now we’ve gone through all the numbers on our list now, so I guess we can call it a day.36,cash the check 兑现支票Have your sister cashed her paycheck?37,clear off 收拾，整理It’s about time we clear off the desk.38,come down (雨，雪)下起来The heavy rain is coming down, now.39, come in first in the race 比赛第一名Not only did Jill come in first in the race but she also had her best running time of the season.40,come what may 不管怎样We’ll pick you up tomorrow at eight, come what may.41,cost somebody an arm and a legA: Did you see the diamond ring Bill gave to Linda?B: I sure did. It must have cost him an arm and a leg.42, cut it out 闭嘴I told you to cut it out.43,be cut out for 生来时做……的Dr. Hamilton doesn’t feel Larry is cut out for the medical profession.44,department chair 系主任I didn’t write that memo to the department chair.45,dirt cheap 非常便宜A: You’ve already furnished your apartment?B: I’ve found some used furniture that was dirt cheap.46, do with 用…..凑合; do without 没有……也行You can do with your girlfriend.You can do without your girlfriend47, dog tired 特别累，同义：run down; worn out; out of steamI’m dog tired these days. I’m working on seven articles.48, down jacket 羽绒服49，drive somebody up the wall 让某人发疯；同义：drive somebody out of one’s mindThe sound of all that raffic is driving me out of my mind.50, fall back on 依赖A: Were you able to understand that French novel without any help from the teacher?B: I did pretty well, but I had to fall back on my dictionary occasionally.51, fill a prescription 按处方抓药Would you please fill this prescription for me?52, fill in for 代替；同义：fill one’s place(position, shoes); take the place of; take over Say, Dave, can you fill in for me tonight at the restaurant? I’d like to go out of town.53,food for thought 令人思考的东西；同义：thought-provoking There is a lot food for thought in what he had to say.54,for nothing 免费To pay to see that movie would be foolish, when you can see it on TV for nothing.55,from top to bottom 从上到下A: Maybe you lost your wallet in this room.B: I’ve searched it from top to bottom..56, get of on the wrong foot 开始事情就做错了I got off on the wrong foot, and I don’t have any idea which way to turn now.57,get a lot out of something 从……学到很多The training program was difficult, but she got a lot out of it.58, get at 想说Do you understand what I’m getting at?59, get away with 对…..摆脱惩罚A: Did you know that Bob is leaving for home tonight? He isn’t planning to take his final exams.B: He can’t get away with that60,get going 赶紧行动；同义：get movingA: It looks like we won’t have enough time to do all we wanted to. B: Who says we won’t? let’s get going.61, get on one’s nerve 招惹某人神经了A: Why did you come to the meeting late? I left a message with your roommate about the time change.B: She has a very short memory and it really gets on my nerve sometimes.62, get started on 开始做We should get started on the project.63, get time off from work 从工作中抽时间Oh, so she was able to get time off from the work.64,give credibility to 相信A: did you hear about Jim?B: I wouldn’t give that rumor any credibility.65,go easy on 温和对待Well, since it’s your first and only ticket, the judge will probably go easy on you.66,go in one ear and out the other 一耳朵进，一耳朵出Well, you know Mike, ever ything’s in one ear and out the other.67,go jogging 去跑步Are you ready to go jogging?68,go to one’s head 某人自负A: Have you noticed how John’s changed since he became student government president?B: I think the whole thing has gone to his head, and he used to be so sociable and open.69,got the time 几点了A: Got the time?B: It’s a little after ten.70, graduation announcements 毕业典礼请柬Have you ordered your graduation announcements?71,graon about 抱怨How come Michael’s always groaning about somethi ng?72,guest lecturer 客座教授The only person who understood the guest lecturer was the professor.73,hand-me-down 送的东西A: What a gorgeous jacket. It must have cost a fortune.B: Not at all. It’s a hand-me-down.74,hand down 易如反掌Lee won the chess match hands down.75,have a way with 擅长Bonnie really has a way with words.76,have had it with 处于I’ve had it with being sick in bed. I’ve read most of these magazines twice.77, head and shoulders above 高出许多In computer programming, Susan is head and shoulders above the rest of us.78, hit the spots 特别好This lemonade sure hits the spots.79, hold the grudge 记仇A: I wish I hadn’t hurt Mary’s feelings like that. You know I never meant to.B: The great thing about Mary is that she doesn’t hold the gru dge.80, I have no idea which way to turn 我不知道该怎么办81, I have seen worse 我见过更糟的82, in advance 提前；同义：before hand, ahead of timeIt’s a really nice apartment. But the owners want two-month rent in advance and I just don ’t have it.83, in case 万一Let’s take our suits along in case the sun comes out.84, in next to no time 马上A: Are you going to be using the copying machine long?B: I’ll be through in next to no time.85, in the red 赤字反义：in the black86,in the works 正在准备阶段An advanced course in theoretical chemistry is the works.87, keep to oneselfI’m amazed that you still haven’t gotten to know your neighbors.88, kill time 浪费时间Gosh, what can we do to kill the next 10 hours?89, leave…up to somebodyWe’ll have to leave the decision up to him.外语下载中心90, letter of recommendation 推荐信；letter of reference 推荐信91, look on the bright sides of things 看事物的光明面92, no kidding 不是开玩笑吧93, on the tip of one’s tongue 就在舌尖A: Are you sure you can’t remember the name of that record? B: It’s just on the ti p of my tongue!94, quitting time 下课时间I’m glad it’s almost quitting time.95, take it over 重修Don failed physics and had to take it over.96, than necessary 比应该的要冷The lab was cooler than necessary.97, That’s easer said than done. 说来容易做来难98, There is nothing to it. 没什么，很容易I can run this projector. There’s really nothing to it.99, with flying colors 成功A: How did Ellen do on her American History exam?B: She passed with flying colors.100, You can bet your life 当然A: Will Prof. Smith come to class on time?B: You can bet your life.。
【听力提分】托福听力备考10大必备段子-地理冒险
托福听力备考10大必备段子-地理冒险在托福的备考过程中，听力能力提升还是比较缓慢的。
但是，在备考中，我们也不难发现有些经典话题会重复出现。
下面，为广大托福考生整理了托福听力十大必背经典段子，大家如果能掌握这些话题及相关词汇，就会对托福听力的答题带来很大的帮助。
托福听力十大必备段子(10)：地理冒险Listen to the beginning of a lecture given by a history professor. Good morning, class. Before we begin today, I would like to address an issue that one of you reminded me of after the last lecture. As you may recall, last time I mentioned that Robert E. Peary was the first person to reach the North Pole. What I neglected to mention was the controversy around Peary’s pioneering accomplishment. In 1910, a committee of the national geographical society examined Commodore Peary’s claim to have reached the North Pole on April 6th 1909 and found no reason to doubt him. This judgment was actually confirmed by a committee of the US congress in 1911. Nevertheless, Peary’s claim was surrounded by controversy. This was largely due to the competing claim of Doctor Frederic Cook who told the world he had reached the Pole a four-year earlier.托福听力十大必备段子(10)：地理冒险-2Over the decades Peary was given the benefit of the doubt, but critics persisted in raising questions about his navigation and the distances he claimed to have covered. So the Navigation Foundation spent an additional 12 months of exhaustive examination of documents relating to Peary’s polar expedition. The documents supported Peary’s claims about the distances he covered. After also conducting an extensive computer analysis of photos taken by Peary at the pole, they concluded that Pierre and his companions did in fact reach the near vicinity of the North Pole on April 6th 1909. OK, today we’re going to talk about exploration of the opposite end of the world, I assume you all read chapter three in our text and are now familiar with the names: Emerson and Scott.。
托福听力十大必背模板5
托福听力十大必背模板55. 文科段子：电影艺术To get us started this semester I am going to spend the first two classes giving you background lectures about some basic cinematic concepts. Once you are a little more familiar with basic film terminology， we will be ready to look at the history of movies in the United States. You'll be expected to attend showing of films on Tuesday evenings at 7 o'clock in Jennings Auditorium. That's our lab. Then during our Wednesday seminar， we'll discuss in depth the movie we saw the night before. We are not covering silent films in this course. We will begin with the first talking motion picture，The Jazz Singer， released in 1927. The next week， we'll be looking at The Gold Diggers of 1933， a piece that is very representative of the escapist trend in films released during the depression. Some of the films we will be watching will probably be new to you， like Frank Capra's Why We Fight. Others you might have already seen on TV like Rebel without A Cause starring James Deane，or Stanley Cooper's Doctor's Strange Love. However，I hope you see even familiar film with new eye. In the last three weeks of the course，we will be watching films from the 1980s and you'll choose one of them as a subject for an extensive written critique. We'll talk more about the requirements of the critique later in this semester.。
托福听力十大必背模板6
托福听力十大必背模板66. 文科段子：历史发展Last time， we outlined how the Civil War finally got started. I want to talk today about the political management of the war on both sides: the north under Abraham Lincoln and the south under Jefferson Davis. An important task for both of these presidents was to justify for their citizens just why the war was necessary. In 1861， on July 4th， Lincoln gave his first major speech in which he presented the northern reasons for the war. It was，he said，to preserve democracy. Lincoln suggested that this war was a noble crusade that would determine the future of democracy through out the world. For him the issue was whether or not this government of the people， by the people could maintain its integrity，could it remain complete and survive its domestic foes. In other words，could a few discontented individuals and by that he meant those who led the southern rebellion， could they arbitrarily break up the government and put an end to free government on earth？The only way for the nation to survive was to crush the rebellion. At the time， he was hopeful that the war wouldn't last long and the slave owners would be put down forever， but he underestimated how difficult the war would be. It would be harder than any the Americans had thought before or since，largely because the north had to break the will of the southern people，not just by its army. But Lincoln rallied northerners to a deep commitment to the cause. They came to perceive the war as a kind of democratic crusade against southern society.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
托福听力考试十大必背范文托福听力的题材有一定的重复性，只要掌握好一篇典型的，就可以以此类推听好一大类题材。
本文从文科、理科、生活三个方面分类，整理收集了经典的听力题材。
考生可以反复阅读背诵，对口语考试亦有帮助。
1. 文科段子：艺术类音乐It may seem strange that we're discussing music from a Broadway production in this class, "The Lion King" especially, since it's based on a popular Hollywood movie. I mean music preformed for Broadway theater in the heart of New York city surely would seem to be in the western tradition of popular music and not have much in common with the music we have been studying in this course, s uch as gamelan music of Indonesia, or Zulu chants of South Africa, music that developed outside the western tradition of Europe and America. But in fact, m usicians have a long-standing tradition of borrowing front one another's cultures. And this production's director intentionally included both western and non-west ern music. That way, some of the rhythms, instrument, and harmonies typical o f non-western music contrast with and complement popular music more familiar to audiences in North America and Europe, music like rock, jazz or Broadway style show tunes. So I want to spend the rest of this class and most of the nex t one on the music from the show "The Lion King" as a way of summarizing so me of the technical distinctions between typical western music and the non-west ern music that we've been studying. Now the African influence on the music is clear. The story takes place in Africa. So the director got a South African composer to write songs with a distinctly African sound. And the songs even include words from African languages. But we'll get back to the African influence later. First let's turn to the music that was written for the shadow puppet scenes in " The Lion King", music based on the Indonesian music used in the shadow pupp et theater of that region2. 理科段子：天文学In ancient times, many people believed the earth was a flat disc. Well over 2,00 0 years ago; the ancient Greek philosophers were able to put forward two good arguments proving that it was not. Direct observations of heavenly bodies were t he basis of both these arguments. First, the Greeks knew that during eclipses o f the moon the earth was between the sun and the moon, and they saw that d uring these eclipses, the earth's shadow on the moon was always round, they re alized that this could be true only if the earth was spherical, It the earth was a flat disc, then its shadow during eclipses would not be a prefect circle; it woul d be stretched out into a long ellipse. The second argument was based on what the Greeks saw during their travels. They noticed that the North Star, or Polari s, appeared lower in the sky when they traveled south, in the more northerly re gions, the North Star appeared to them to be much higher in the sky. By the w ay, it was also from this difference in the apparent position of the North Star th at the Greeks first calculated the approximate distance around the circumferenc e of the earth, a figure recorded in ancient documents says 400.000 stadium, t hat's the plural of the world stadium. Today, it's not known exactly what length one stadium represents, but let's say it was about 200 meters, the length of m any athletic stadiums. This would make the Greek's estimate about twice the figure accepted today, a very good estimate for those writing so long before even t he first telescope was invented.3. 文科段子：文学名着Continuing our survey of the 19th century, let's take a look now at Harriet Bee cher Stowe. Now Stowe is best known for her novel Uncle Tom's Cabin, a book that details the harshness of plantation life in the south. The book was extreme ly popular in the United States as well as in other countries. Ironically though, for all the attention given to Uncle Tom's Cabin, it's far from Stowe's best work. She did write one other novel about life in the south, but much of her best wo rk has nothing with the south at all. In fact, Stowe's best writing is about villag e life in the New England's states in the 19th century. In recording to the custo ms of the villages she wrote about, Stowe claimed that her purpose was to refle ct the images as realistically as possible. She usually succeeded, for her settings were often described accurately and in detail. In this sense, she was an import ant forerunner to the realistic movement that became popular later in the 19th century. She was one of the first writers to use local dialect for her characters when they spoke. And she did this for 30 years before Mark Twain popularized the use of local dialect. It makes sense that Stowe would write about New Engla nd life, since she was born in Connecticut. As a young woman there, she worke d as a teacher. The teaching job helped lead to her first published work, a geog raphy book for children. Later when she was married, her writing helped her su pport her family financially. Throughout her life, she wrote poems, travel books, biographical sketches and children's books, as well as novels for adults.4. 生活段子：噪音影响I'm grad to see so many of you here. We've become really alarmed over the heal th center by the number of students we are seeing, who are experiencing hearin g loss. First, I want to go over some basic about hearing. Then we can take a l ook at our school environment and see if we can figure out some ways to prote ct hearing. The leading cause of preventable hearing loss is excessive noise. Too much moderate noise for a long time or some types of intense noise for even a short time can damage hearing. Loudness is measured in units called decibels. One decibel is the lowest sound that the average person can here. Sounds up to 80 decibels generally aren't harmful. That's noise like traffic on a busy street. But anything louder than 80 decibels, especially with continuous exposure, ma y eventually hurt your hearing. Once you are up to around 140 decibels, that's like a jet plane taking off, then you might even feel pain in your ears. And pain s are sure sign that your hearing's at risk. Even one exposure to a really loud noise at close range can cause hearing loss. So what you need to do is limit yo ur exposure to harmful levels. If you pass along this handout, we can take a lo ok at the decibel level of some common campus sounds. Notice how loud those horns are that people take to football games. They are really dangerous if blown right behind you. Now, let's try to generate a list of damaging noises5. 文科段子：电影艺术To get us started this semester I am going to spend the first two classes giving you background lectures about some basic cinematic concepts. Once you are a l ittle more familiar with basic film terminology, we will be ready to look at the hi story of movies in the United States. You'll be expected to attend showing of fil ms on Tuesday evenings at 7 o'clock in Jennings Auditorium. That's our lab. Then during our Wednesday seminar, we'll discuss in depth the movie we saw the night before. We are not covering silent films in this course. We will begin with the first talking motion picture, The Jazz Singer, released in 1927. The next we ek, we'll be looking at The Gold Diggers of 1933, a piece that is very representa tive of the escapist trend in films released during the depression. Some of the fi lms we will be watching will probably be new to you, like Frank Capra's Why W e Fight. Others you might have already seen on TV like Rebel without A Cause starring James Deane, or Stanley Cooper's Doctor's Strange Love. However, I ho pe you see even familiar film with new eye. In the last three weeks of the cours e, we will be watching films from the 1980s and you'll choose one of them as a subject for an extensive written critique. We'll talk more about the requirement s of the critique later in this semester.1. a big shot = an important person 大腕儿，大亨2. a breath of fresh air 使人耳目一新的人3. Achilles’ heel 致命弱点；个性的瑕疵4. be all ears 洗耳恭听5. be all eyes 目不转睛6. a wet blanket 讨人嫌的人7. chip in = contribute money 捐献，集资8. sell like hot cakes = sell very well or very quickly 畅销9. get butterflies in one’s stomach = get nervous 紧张不安10. two thumbs up 举双手赞成11. be the apple of one’s eye = be very precious to sb. 非常珍贵12. pull one’ s leg = tease someone 开某人玩笑13. break one’ s b ack 辛勤工作14. twenty-four seven = 24 hours a day, 7 days a week = all the time 永远，一直15. go for a song = be sold very cheaply 贱卖16. bucket down = rain very heavily 瓢泼大雨17. backroom boys 幕后英雄18. below the mark = not measure up 不够水平，不合格19. beyond compare 绝佳的，最棒的20. break even 不赔不赚21. by the book 照章办事22. cast a cloud over 泼冷水，是蒙上阴影23. castles in the sky / air 空中楼阁24. as clear as a bell 非常清楚25. clear the air 消除误会26. come to terms 达成协议27. shed crocodile tears 假装哭泣，假慈悲28. cut corners 走捷径29. do’s and don’ts 行为规范30. face the music 面对现实31. fair and square 正大光明的32. first things first 先说重要的33. forgive and forget 尽释前嫌；握手言和34. get the ball rolling 使蓬勃发展35. a knockout 引人注目36. a man of few words 沉默寡言的人37. a rainy day 不如意的日子38. all thumbs 笨手笨脚的;一窍不通的39. ants in one's pants (skirt) 坐立不安40. as mod as sb. 与某人一样时髦41. at one's finger's tips 了如指掌42. at sixes and sevens 混乱的43. backseat driver 指手划脚的人44. bite one's head off 大发脾气45. black sheep 不孝子女46. blow one's top 怒发冲冠47. break one's neck 痛打一顿;拼命做某事48. break the ice 打破僵局;打破沉默49. bring down the house 掌声雷动50. burn a hole in one's pocket 花钱如流水51. buy your story 相信你的话52. call it a day 今天到此为止53. Capital idea 好主意54. cold fish 冷酷无情的人55. dark horse 黑马;冷门56. daylight robbery 价钱贵到离谱57. dear Jones letter 绝交信58. dirty dog 卑鄙小人59. eat one's words 承认错误60. every Tom, Dick and Harry 张三李四61. flat tire 没精打采62. from A to Z 从头到尾63. go on the horse 快一点吧64. God knows 天晓得65. gone with the wind 随风而逝66. good for nothing 毫无用处的67. Great minds think alike! 英雄所见略同。