英美文学选读考点中英文对照大串联 从美国文学开始 一 - 复制

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自考英美文学选读 教材翻译

自考英美文学选读 教材翻译

自考《英美文学选读》教材的中文翻译第一部分:英国文学上古及中世纪英国文学简介自从有人类历史记载以来,英伦三岛遭遇过三次外族入侵。

岛上最早的居民是凯尔特人,此后古罗马人、盎格鲁一萨克森人及法国诺曼底公爵纷至沓来,在英伦三岛各领风骚若干年。

古罗马人的入侵没有在这片土地上留下深远的影响,而后两者则不同了。

盎格鲁一萨克森人将日尔曼族语言及文化根植在岛上,而诺曼底人则带来了地中海文明的清新浪潮,所谓地中海文明包括希腊文化,罗马的法律,以及基督教。

正是这两次外族入侵所附带的文化影响为日后英国文学的兴起与发展提供了富足的源泉。

英国文学史的上古时期起于大约公元450年,止于1066年,即诺曼征服的那一年。

这一时期定盎格鲁一萨克森文明兴盛的时期。

这些日尔曼族部落来自北欧,带来了盎格鲁一萨克森语言,也就是现代英语的原形基础,除此之外,还带来了特别的诗歌传统。

他们的诗歌神韵中集合了粗狂豪勇的气度及悲情哀挽的风格。

总体来讲,流传至今的英国上古诗歌可分为两大类:宗教诗和世俗诗。

宗教诗的主题大多以《圣经》为基础。

比如《创世纪甲本》与《创世纪乙本》以及《出埃及记》都源于《圣经》的《旧约全书》;而《十字架之梦》则以《新约全书》为典故。

在《十字架之梦》这首诗中,耶稣基督被刻画成一位青年战士,勇往直前,拥抱死亡与胜利,而那善良的十字架自身则承受起基督所有的苦难与重负。

除了这些宗教诗歌,上古的英格兰诗人还创作了伟大的民族史诗《贝尔武夫》以及其它众多的短篇抒情诗。

这些世俗诗歌中虽然没有基督教教义,但它们唤起了盎格鲁一萨克森人对环境的严酷及人类命运的不幸的感知。

其中《流浪者,狄奥尔》、《航海者》和《妻子的抱怨》是当时世俗诗中的佼佼者。

诗文中的语气和基调深受北海恶劣气候的影响,生活惨淡无望,诗人的口气中带出大量宿命论的成份,尽管同时也显得勇敢而坚定。

《贝尔武夫》,英国上古诗歌的典型,在今天被誉为盎格鲁一萨克森的民族史诗。

尽管如此,诗中主人公及背景都与英国无关,这首叙事诗讲述的故事发生在北欧斯堪狄那维亚半岛。

英美文学选读知识点整理

英美文学选读知识点整理
格和艺术手法 4. 亨利·詹姆斯代表作的主题结构、艺术手法、语言风格和社会会意义 5. 艾米丽·地金森的《我听到苍蝇的嗡嗡声当我去世时 》创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作的社
会意义、语言风格和艺术手法 6. 西奥多·德莱塞的《嘉莉妹妹》创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作的主题结构、艺术手法和人
1. 美国现代时期文学特征 2. 庞德的主要作品及其内容 3. 罗伯特·弗洛斯特的代表作及其主题结构和艺术特色 4. 菲兹杰拉德《了不起的盖茨比》的主题意义及其象征手法 5. 海明威的主要作品及其内容:《老人与海》、《永别了武
第二章 现代主义时期
The Modern Period
1. 美国浪漫主义时期的文学特点 2. 华盛顿·欧文的文学作品 3. 霍桑代表作《小伙子布朗》中的寓言与象征 4. 惠特曼的创作思想及其代表作的主题结构、人物刻画和社会意义——《白鲸》
1. 现实主义和自然主义的概念 2. 文学特点及现实主义者的倾向 3. 马克·吐温的《哈克贝利费恩历险记》创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作的社会意义、语言风
3. 华兹华斯的主要作品及内容 4. 拜伦《致希腊》的主题并用英语
解释其中句子
1. 华兹华斯的诗歌特点 2. 英文解释华兹华斯《我如行云独自游》中的句子
5. 雪莱《西风颂》的主题并用英语 解释其中句子
6.
1. 维多利亚时期的文学特点 2. 狄更斯的主要作品及内容——critical realist
3. 哈代的代表作及写作特点 4. 夏洛特·布朗特的《简·爱》中简·爱的人物分析
器》、《丧钟为谁而鸣》等 6. 福克纳的主要作品及其内容
第一章:古代与中世纪英国文学
1.<<贝尔武夫>>简介及在英国文学史上的意义。 Beowulf《贝奥武夫》:第一部最古老、最长的较完整的文学作品 2.乔叟及其代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》对英国文学做出的贡献。 The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》小说集,描写了各行各业中的人物形象

(完整版)英美文学选读复习(时期+作家+作品)

(完整版)英美文学选读复习(时期+作家+作品)
Billy Budd
Moby Dick
巴特尔比
自信者
比利.巴德
莫比.迪克
The Realistic Period
Mark Twain
马克.吐温
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court
西奥多.德莱塞
The Financier
The Titan
An American Tragedy
The Stoic
Sister Carrie
金融家
巨人
美国的悲剧
斯多噶
嘉莉妹妹
The Modern Period
Ezra Pound
埃兹拉.庞德
Hugh Selwyn Mauberley
The Cantos
简爱
呼啸山庄
Alfred Tennyson
阿尔弗雷德.丁尼生
In Memoriam
Break Break Break
Crossing The Bar
Ulysses
悼念
拍吧,拍吧,拍吧
过沙洲
尤利西斯
Robert Browning
罗伯特.布郞宁
My Last Duchess
Meeting at Night
茵尼斯弗利岛
梦见仙境的人
玫瑰
新的纪元
1916年的复活节
驶向拜占庭
丽达及天鹅
在学童们中间
T.S. Eliot
T.S.艾略特
The Love Song of J.Alfred
The Waste Land

英美文学选读复习资料

英美文学选读复习资料

英美文学选读复习资料英美文学选读复习资料一、英国文学1、文艺复兴时期:莎士比亚的戏剧《哈姆雷特》、《李尔王》、《麦克白》等,以及弥尔顿的《失乐园》。

2、17世纪:约翰·多恩的玄学派诗歌,以及约翰·班扬的《天路历程》。

3、18世纪:启蒙时期,亨利·菲尔丁和理查逊的小说,以及亚历山大·蒲柏的讽刺诗歌。

4、19世纪:浪漫主义时期,包括拜伦、雪莱、济慈等人的诗歌,以及简·奥斯汀、爱米莉·勃朗特等的小说。

5、维多利亚时期:查尔斯·狄更斯、乔治·艾略特、托马斯·哈代等作家的小说,以及马修·阿诺德、约翰·罗斯金等人的诗歌。

二、美国文学1、浪漫主义时期:包括华盛顿·欧文的《睡谷传说》、爱伦·坡的短篇小说、以及纳撒尼尔·霍桑的《红字》。

2、现实主义时期:包括马克·吐温的《汤姆·索亚历险记》、亨利·詹姆斯的小说、以及艾米莉·狄金森的诗歌。

3、20世纪:包括F.斯科特·菲茨杰拉德的《了不起的盖茨比》、欧内斯特·海明威的《老人与海》、杰克·凯鲁亚克的《在路上》等文学作品。

三、文学术语和概念1、象征主义:通过象征性的符号或形象来表达某种思想或情感。

2、叙事视角:从特定的角度来描述故事,常见的有第一人称、第二人称、第三人称等。

3、意象主义:通过形象和比喻来表达情感和思想。

4、文艺复兴:欧洲历史上的一次文化运动,强调人文主义和古希腊罗马文化。

5、玄学派:17世纪英国的一种文学流派,强调诗歌中的哲学思考和神秘主义。

6、悲剧:一种戏剧类型,通常表现英雄人物的悲惨命运。

7、喜剧:一种戏剧类型,通常表现幽默、讽刺等轻松愉快的主题。

8、自然主义:一种文学流派,强调对自然和社会现实的客观描写。

9、超验主义:一种哲学思想,强调个人经验和直觉,反对传统权威。

新大纲自考《英美文学选读》笔记总结-背完必过

新大纲自考《英美文学选读》笔记总结-背完必过

新大纲自考《英美文学选读》笔记总结-背完必过(总65页)--本页仅作为文档封面,使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--《英美文学选读》笔记背完必过Part One: English LiteratureAn Introduction to Old and Medieval English LiteratureI Understanding and application: (理解应用)1. England’s inhabitants are Celts. And it is conquered by Romans, Anglo Saxons and Normans. The Anglo-Saxons brought the Germanic language and culture to England, while Normans brought the Mediterranean civilization, including Greek culture, Rome law and the Christian religion. It is the cultural influence of these two conquests that provided the source for the rise and growth of English literature.2. The old English literature extends from about 450 to 1066, the year of the Norman conquest of England.3. The old English poetry that has survived can be divided into two groups: The religious group and the secular one4. Beowulf: a typical example of Old English poetry is regarded as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. It is an example of the mingling of nature myths and heroic legends.5. After the Norman’s conquest, three languages co-existed in England. French is the official language that is used by king and the Norman lords. Latin is the principal tongue of church affairs and in universities. Old English was spoken only by the common English people.6. In the second half of 14th century, English literature started to flourish with the appearance of writers like Geoffrey Chaucer, William Langland, John Gower, and othersII Recite: (识记再现)1. Romance:①It uses narrative verse or prose to sing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds is a popular literary form in the medieval period.②It has developed the characteristic medieval motifs of the quest, the test, the meeting with the evil giant and the encounter with the beautiful beloved.③The hero is usually the knight, who sets out on a journey to accomplish some missions. There are often mysteries and fantasies in romance.④Romantic love is an important part of the plot in romance.Characterization is standardized, While the structure is loose and episodic, the language is simple and straightforward.⑤The importance of the romance itself can be seen as a means of showing medieval aristocratic men and women in relation to their idealized view of the world.2. Heroic couplet:Heroic couplet is a rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter. It is Chaucer who used it for the first time in English in his work The Legend of Good Woman.3. The theme of Beowulf:The poem presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggles against the hostile forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader. The poem is an example of the mingling of the nature myths and heroic legends.4. The Wife of Bath in The Canterbury Tales:The Wife of Bath is depicted as the new bourgeois wife asserting her independence. Chaucer develops his characterization to a higher artistic level by presenting characters with both typical qualities and individual dispositions.5. Chaucer’s achievement:①He presented a comprehensive realistic picture of his age and created a whole gallery of vivid characters in his works, especially in The Canterbury Tales.②He anticipated a new ear, the Renaissance, to come under the influence of the Italian writers.③He developed his characterization to a higher level by presenting characters with both typical qualities and individual dispositions.④He greatly contributed to the maturing of English poetry. Today, Chaucer’s reputation has beensecurely established as one of the best English poets for his wisdom, humor and humanity.6. “The F ather of English poetry”:Originally, Old English poems are mainly alliterative verses with few variations.①Chaucer introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types to English poetry to replace it.②In The Romaunt of the Rose (玫瑰传奇), he first introduced to the English the octosyllabic couplet (八音节对偶句).③In The Legend of Good Women, he used for the first time in English heroic couplet.④And in his masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales, he employed heroic couplet with true ease and charmfor the first time in the history of English literature.⑤His art made him one of the greatest poets in English; John Dryden called him “the father of Englishpoetry”.【例题】The work that presented, for the first time in English literature, a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is most likely ______________. (0704)A. William Langland’s Piers PlowmanB. Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury TalesC. John Gower’s Confession AmantisD. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight【答案】B【解析】本题考查的是中世纪时期几位诗人作品的创作主题和创作范围。

中英对照英美文学知识大全

中英对照英美文学知识大全
悲剧
Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, Macbeth
喜剧
A Midsummer Night’s Dream;The Merchant of Venice;As You Like It《皆大欢喜》;Twelfth Night
历史剧
Henry VI, Henry IV, Richard III
传奇剧
Pericles《泰尔亲王配力克里斯》;Cymbeline《辛白林》;The Winter’s Tale;Tempest《暴风雨》
8. Ben Jonson (本•琼森)
comedy of manners (风俗喜剧的奠基人);
Every Man In His Humor《人性互异》
9. John Donne (约翰•多恩)
7. Richard Steel & Joseph Addison
(理查德•斯蒂尔 & 约瑟夫•艾迪生)
The Tatler《闲谈者》;The Spectator《旁观者》
8. William Blake (威廉•布莱克)
Songs of Innocence;Songs of Experience
9. Robert Burns (罗伯特•彭斯)
A Red, Red Rose;Auld Lang Syne《昔日好时光》
10. Samuel Johnson (塞缪尔•约翰逊)
A Dictionary of the English Language《英语辞典》;
A Letter to Lord Chesterfield《致切斯特菲尔德爵爷书》
被誉为文人脱离贵族提携和保护的宣言书;
The Lives of the Poets《诗人传》

自学考试英美文学选读要点中英文概要

自学考试英美文学选读要点中英文概要

1234代价,与敌人同归于尽。

51. In his life, Milton shows himself a real revolutionary, a master poet and a great prose writer. 弥尔顿毕生都展现了真正的革命精神和非凡的诗歌才华。

52. Paradise Lost:人类由于理性不强,意志薄弱,经不起考验,暗示英国自产主义革命失败的原因。

Chapter2 The Neoclassical Period(1660-1798新古典主义1. In short, it was an age full of conflicts and divergence of values. 总之, 这一时期是矛盾与价值观分歧的时期。

2. The eighteenth-century England is also known as the Age of Enlighte nment or the Age of Reason. 英国的十八世纪也同时是启蒙主义时代, 或曰理性时代。

3. Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas. 运动的主旨便是用当代哲学与艺术思想的晨光启迪整个世界。

4. Enlighteners held that rationality or reason should be the only, the fin al cause of any human thought and activities. They called for a referenc e to order, reason and rules. 启蒙者主张理性是任何人思想与行动的唯一缘由。

他们大力提倡秩序,理性及法律。

5. As a matter of fact, literature at the time, heavily didactic and moralizi ng, becamea very popular means of public education. 其实, 当时的文学作品种充满了说教与道德理念,就已经成为大众教育的良好工具。

英美文学选读复习要点中英文对照

英美文学选读复习要点中英文对照

英美文学选读复习要点中英文对照Chapter2 The Neoclassical Period(1660-1798)新古典主义1. In short, it was an age full of conflicts and divergence of values.总之,这一时期是矛盾与价值观分歧的时期。

2. The eighteenth-century England is also known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason.英国的十八世纪也同时是启蒙主义时代,或曰理性时代。

3. Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of m odern philosophical and artistic ideas.运动的主旨便是用当代哲学与艺术思想的晨光启迪整个世界。

4. Enlighteners held that rationality or reason should be the only, the final cause of any human thought and activities. They called for a reference to order, reason and rules.启蒙者主张理性是任何人思想与行动的唯一缘由。

他们大力提倡秩序,理性及法律。

5. As a matter of fact, literature at the time, heavily didactic and m oralizing, became a very popular means of public education.其实,当时的文学作品种充满了说教与道德理念,就已经成为大众教育的良好工具。

6. Famous among the great enlighteners in England were those gre at writers like John Dryden, Alexander Pope, Joseph Addison and S ir Richard Steele, the two pioneers of familiar essays, Jonathan Swi ft, Daniel Defoe, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Henry Fielding and Sam uel Johnson.英国著名的启蒙主义文学家有约翰.德莱顿,亚历山大.蒲柏,约瑟夫.艾迪森与理查.斯蒂尔(这两位是现代散文的先驱),乔纳森.斯威夫特,丹尼尔.迪福,理查.B.谢立丹,亨利.费尔丁和塞缪尔.约翰逊。

英美文学选读美国部分第一章浪漫主义时期

英美文学选读美国部分第一章浪漫主义时期

英美文学选读中文翻译及重点习题答案美国文学(AMERICAN LITERATURE)第一章浪漫主义时期(The Romantic Period)一、背景知识(Background knowledge)1、历史背景(Historical background)(1)美国清教(2)美国西进运动(3)新英格兰超验主义运动2、主要特点(General characteristics)(1)衍生的美国浪漫主义作品(American Romantic writings as being derivative) (a)强调文学的想象力和情感特质(b)倡导情感的自由表达和人物心理状态的展示(c)颂扬普通人和作为个体的人(d)迷恋历史和异国情调(2)本土的美国浪漫主义作品(American Romantic writings on the native grounds) (a)全国性“西部拓荒”的体验(b)自然/美国山水风光的作用(c)清教道德(d)超验主义哲学二、本时期主要作家(Major writers of the period)A、华盛顿·欧文(Washington Irving,1783-1859)1、观点(Points of view)(1)社会保守主义(Social conservatism)总体上看,欧文是保守主义者。

他不喜欢疆土扩张以及当时席卷整个大陆的政治、文化的急剧变化。

因此通常欧文在故事中以正在不可避免地变化着的美国为背景,并对过去的荣耀和安宁的古老公社生活时时流露出哀惋叹息。

这种对人类万物皆无常,或人生苦短的伤感浸染了欧文的大多数作品。

然而,欧文并不是强求时间停止,或者逆转历史进程,而是暗示人类舍稳求变时丢掉了重要的价值观念。

(2)怀古的文学偏好(Literary preference for the past)在欧文看来,文学想象力应该孕育于有着丰富历史文化的土地之上,具体体现于岁月沉积而成的珍宝中,如破败的城堡、坍塌的塔楼、艺术的珍品、高度文明社会的精妙物件以及远古和当地风俗的古怪意趣。

英美文学要点整理(中英)1

英美文学要点整理(中英)1

英国]Chapter1 The Renaissance period(14世纪至十七世纪中叶)文艺复兴1. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。

2. the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以“人”为中心,人是万物之灵。

3. Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy.人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到充足的论据,来赞美人性,并开始注意到人类是崇高的生命,人可以不断发展完善自己,而且世界是属于他们的,供他们怀疑,探索以及享受。

4. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.托马斯.摩尔,克利斯朵夫.马洛和威廉.莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。

5. Wyatt introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.怀亚特将彼特拉克的十四行诗引进英国。

英美文学选读复习(时期作家作品)

英美文学选读复习(时期作家作品)

英美文学选读复习:英美文学选读时代,年代和作者及其作品大纲列表(英国文学部分)Period Life Time Name Writings CN Writings Renaissance 1500-1660 Edmund Spenser埃德蒙.斯宾赛The Faerie Queen 仙后Blank verse University wit ChristopherMarlowe克里斯扥夫.马洛TamburlaineDr FauctusThe Jew of Malta帖木耳大帝弗士德博士的悲剧马耳他的犹太人WilliamShakespeare威廉.莎士比亚The Merchant of VeniceHamletThe Tempest威尼斯商人哈姆雷特暴风雨叙事诗十四行诗Francis Bacon弗兰西斯.培根EssaysOf Studies论说文论学习John Donne约翰.邓恩The Sun RisingDeath Be Not ProudJohn Milton约翰.弥尔顿LycidasParadise LostParadise RegainedSamson Agonistes利西达斯失乐园复乐园力士参孙NeoclassicalPeriod1660-1798 John Bunyan约翰.班杨The Pilgrim's Progress 天路历程Alexander Pope亚历山大.蒲伯An Essay on Criticism 论批评1660-1731 Daniel Defoe丹尼尔.笛弗Robinson Crusoe 鲁滨逊漂流记Jonathan Swift乔纳森.斯威特Gulliver's Travels 格列佛游记Henry Fielding 亨利.菲尔丁The History of The Adventuresof Joseph AndrewThe History of Jonathan Wild theGreatThe History of? Tom Jones约瑟夫.安德鲁伟大的乔纳森.怀尔德汤姆.琼斯Samuel Johnson 赛缪尔.约翰逊A Dictionary of the EnglishLanguageTo the Right Honorable The Earlof Chesterfield英语大词典致切斯特菲尔德勋爵的信Richard BrinsleySheridanThe School of Scandal 造谣学校Thomas Gray理查德德.比.谢立丹Elegy Written in a CountryChurchyard写在教堂墓地的挽歌Romantic 1798-1870 William Blake威廉.布莱克Songs of InnocenceSongs of ExperienceMarriage of Heaven and Hell天真之歌经验之歌天堂与地狱联姻先知书William Wordsworth 威廉.华兹华斯Lyrical BalladsTintern AbbeyPrelude抒情歌谣集丁登寺旁序曲Samuel Taylor Coleridge塞缪尔.特勒.科勒律治The Rime of The Ancient MarinerKubla KhanChristalbelBiographia Literaria老水手之行忽必烈汉克丽斯塔贝尔文学传记George Gordon Byron乔治.戈登.拜伦Childe HaroldDon Juan洽尔德.哈罗德游记唐璜该隐Percy Bysshe Shelley铂.比.雪莱Ode to the West WindTo a SkylarkPrometheus UnboundA Defense of Poetry西风颂云雀颂解放了的普罗米修斯诗辩John Keats 约翰.济慈Ode to a NightingaleOde to an Grecian UrnIsabella夜鹰颂希腊古瓮颂伊莎贝拉Jane Austen 简.奥斯汀Sense and SensibilityNorthanger AbbeyMansfield ParkPride and PrejudiceEmma理智与感情诺桑觉寺曼斯菲尔德公园傲慢与偏见爱玛Persuasion 劝告Walter Scott华特.斯哥特Victorian 1870-1914 Charles Dickens查尔斯.狄更斯Oliver Twist 雾都孤儿The Bronte Sister 夏治特.布郎帝Jane EyreWuthering Heights简爱呼啸山庄Alfred Tennyson 阿尔弗雷德.丁尼生In MemoriamBreak Break BreakCrossing The BarUlysses悼念拍吧, 拍吧, 拍吧过沙洲尤利西斯Robert Browning 罗伯特.布郞宁My Last DuchessMeeting at NightParting at Morning我逝去的公爵夫人黑夜相会晨别George Eliot 乔治.艾略特Middlemarch A Study ofProvincial Life米德尔马契Thomas Hardy扥马斯.哈代Tess of The D'Unverville 德伯家的苔丝Modern 1914-1945 George BernardShaw萧伯纳Widower's HouseMrs. Warren's ProfessionCandidaCaesar and Cleopatra鳏夫的房产华伦夫人的职业康蒂坦西泽和克丽奥佩特拉Man and Superman PygmalionBack to Methuselah ST. JoanThe Apple Cart 人与超人巴巴拉少校皮格马利翁伤心之家回到麦修色拉圣女贞德苹果车John Galsworthy约翰.高尔斯华瑞The Silver BoxThe Man of PropertyModern Comedy 银盒正义斗争福赛特世家有产业的人骑虎出租现代喜剧William Butler Yeats威廉.伯特勒.业芝The Lake Isle of InnisfreeThe Man Who Dreamed ofFairylandEaster Rising of 1916Sailing to Byzantian茵尼斯弗利岛梦见仙境的人玫瑰新的纪元1916年的复活节驶向拜占庭丽达及天鹅Leda and The SwanDown By The Sally Gardens在学童们中间. Eliot .艾略特The Love Song of The Waste Land Ash Wednesday Four Quartets普鲁弗洛克的情歌 荒原 灰星期三 四个四重奏. Lawrence戴维.赫伯特.劳伦斯 Sons and LoversThe RainbowWoman in Love儿子与情人 虹恋爱中的女人James Joyce 詹姆斯.乔伊斯DublinersThe Portrait of The Artist As a Young ManUlysses都柏林人 青年艺术家的肖像 尤利西斯 Period Life TimeNameWritings作品中文名TheRomantic period1782-1859 Washington Irving华盛顿.欧文The Sketch Book of GeoffreyCrayon, Gent.The Legend of Sleep Hollow Rip Van Winkle 见闻札记 睡谷传奇 瑞普.凡.温克尔Ralph Waldo Emerson拉尔夫.瓦尔多.爱默生NatureThe American ScholarSelf-Reliance The Oversoul论自然 论美国学者 论自助 论超灵Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳萨尼尔.霍桑The Scarlet LetterThe House of the Seven GablesYoung Goodman Brown红字七个尖角阁的房子年轻人古德蒙.布朗Walt Whitman 华尔特.惠特曼Leaves of GrassDemocratic VistasThere Was a Child Went ForthCavalry Crossing a FordSong of Myself草叶集名主展望有个天天向前走的孩子骑兵过河自我之歌Herman Melville 赫尔曼.麦尔维尔Bartleby, The ScrivnerThe Confidence ManBilly BuddMoby Dick巴特尔比自信者比利.巴德莫比.迪克The Realistic Period Mark Twain马克.吐温The Adventures of Tom SawyerAdventures of Huckleberry FinnA Connecticut Yankee in KingArthur’s Court汤姆.索亚历险记哈克贝利.费恩历险记亚瑟王朝中的康涅狄格北方佬Henry James亨利.詹姆斯The AmericanThe Portrait of a LadyThe Turn of the ScrewThe Wing of the DoveDaisy Miller美国人贵妇画像拧紧螺丝鸽翼黛西.米勒Emily DickinsonI Died for Beauty—but WasScarce我为美而死,但还未….艾米莉.狄金森Apparently with No Surprise Tell All the Truth but Tell it SlantThis is my letter to the world I Heard a Fly Buzz When I DiedI like to see it lap the MilesBecause I could not stop for Death 显然没有惊奇说出所有的真理,但切莫直言这是我写给世界的信 当我死的时候,我听到苍蝇在嗡嗡叫 我爱看它舔食一哩又一哩因为我不能停步等候死神Theodore Dreiser西奥多.德莱塞The Financier The TitanAn American TragedyThe Stoic Sister Carrie金融家 巨人美国的悲剧斯多噶 嘉莉妹妹The Modern PeriodEzra Pound埃兹拉.庞德Hugh Selwyn Mauberley The CantosIn a Station of the MetroThe River-Merchant’s Wife: ALetter A Pact 休.赛尔温.莫伯利 诗章 在地铁车站河商的妻子合同Robert Lee Frost 罗伯特.弗罗斯特A Boy’s WillNorth of BostonMountain Interval New Hampshire一个男孩的意愿 波斯顿以北 山间低地 新罕布什尔After Apple-Picking The Road Not TakenStopping by Woods on a SnowyEvening摘苹果之后 没有走的路雪夜林边驻脚Eugene O’Neil尤金.奥尼尔Beyond the Horizon The Emperor JonesThe Iceman ComethLong Day’s Journey into Night The Hairy Ape天边外 琼斯皇帝送冰的人来了 长夜漫漫路迢迢 毛猿F. Scott Fitzgerald弗.斯科特.菲茨杰拉德This Side of ParadiseTender Is the Night The Great Gatsby人间天堂 夜色温柔 了不起的盖茨比ErnestHemingway 厄内斯特.海明威In Our TimeThe Sun Also RisesA Farewell to ArmsThe Old Man and the SeaIndian Camp在我们的时代里太阳照样升起永别了,武器老人与海印第安人营地William Faulkner 威廉.福克纳The BearThe Sound and the FuryLight in August A Rose for Emily熊 喧哗与骚动八月之光纪念爱米丽的一朵玫瑰花。

英国文学与美国文学的重点

英国文学与美国文学的重点

英美文学重点English & American LiteratureOld English: 450-1066<Beowulf> the national epic of the Anglo-SaonsMedieval English:1066 - middle 14th centuryGeoffrey Chaucer-the father of English poetry(wisdom, humor, humanity)<The Canterbury Tales> first time to use 'heroic couplet': 14th –mid 17th started in ItalyA series of historical events:1.rediscovery of ancient Roman & Greek culture2.new discoveries in geography & astrology(占星学)3.the religious reformation & economic expansionThe Renaissance - rebirth or revivalBest representatives: Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe, William ShakespeareThe Elizabethan drama: the real mainstream of English RenaissanceMost famous dramatists: Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, Ben Jonson- the poets' poet5 quality: 1) a perfect melody 2)a rare sense of beauty 3)a splendid imagination4)a lofty(高尚的) moral purity and seriousness 5)a dedicated idealism<The Shepherdes Calender> lament(哀悼) over the loss of Rosalind<The Faerie Queene>主角:Arthur - who possess 12 virtuesGloriana – the Fairy QueenThe theme is not “Arms and the man,” but something more romantic –“Fierce warres and faithfull loves”READING: excerpt from The Faerie Queene仙后Content: Redcrosse Knight set out on his adventures.–Hyperbole(夸张)Marlowe‟s achievement: 1) blank verse无韵诗歌It is Marlowe who brought vitality(活力) and grandeur(伟大) into the blank verse with his “mighty lines,” which carry strong emotions.2) his creation of the Renaissance hero for English drama.(not strong in dramatic construction.)→ the pioneer of English drama3 tragedies: <Dr. Faustus> the human passion for knowledge, power and happiness<Tamburlaine> 帖木耳大帝 a play about an ambitious and pitiless overpowering king.<The Jew of Malta> 马尔他的犹太人non-drama <The Passionate Shepherd to His Love> pastoral(田园的) life ,the most beautiful lyrics(抒情诗) READING: 1. excerpt from Dr. Faustus浮士德博士的悲剧A play based on the German legendContent: Faustus is a scholar who has a strong desire to acquire knowledge. By conjuration(念咒文召唤) he call up Mephistophilis, the Devil‟s servant. He make a bond(契约) to sell his soul to the Devil in return for 24 years of life in which Mephistophilis to give him everything he desires. Devil‟s name is Lucifer.Dominant moral is human rather than religious2. The Passionate(热情的) Shepherd to His Lovethis short poem is considered to be one of the most beautiful lyrics(抒情诗) in English literature.The shepherd(牧羊人) enjoy an ideal country life, cherishing(珍爱) a pastoral(田园的) and pure affection for his love. Strong emotion is conveyed through the beauty of nature.– playwright & poet (above all writers in the past and in the present time)1.<Henry Ⅵ>, <Richard Ⅲ>…2.<Richard Ⅱ>, <Henry Ⅳ>, <Henry Ⅴ>, <King John>…Comedies: <A Mid summer Night’s Dream>, <The Merchant of Venice>, <Twelfth Night> …Tragedy: <Romeo and Juliet> romantic tragedy. To praise the faithfulness of love and the spirit of pursuinghappiness.3.Four tragedies - <Hamlet>, <Othello>, <King Lear> & <Macbeth>4.tragicomedies:<The Tempest>Achievement:A. exploring the characters‟s inner mind.– bring vividness to the charactersB. adroit(精巧的)plot constructionC. Irony is a good means of dramatic presentation. Disguise is an important device to create dramatic irony.D. the language.READING:1. Sonnet 18 (14 line)<Sonnet 18> eternal or immortal(不朽的)beauty, have a faith in the permanence of poetry.A nice summer‟s day is usually trans ient(短暂的), but the beauty in poetry can last for ever.2.excerpt from The Merchant of Venice<The Merchant of Venice> to praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia a heroine of great beauty, wit and loyalty, to expose the insatiable(不知足的)greed and brutality of the Jew.Double plot:(1) Bassanio ask Antonio for a loan so that he might marriage with Portia(2) Antonio borrow money from Shylock, the Jewish usurer. Shylock make a strange bond that requires Antonio to surrender a pound of his flesh if he fail to repay him within a certain period of time. Portia disguised as a young lawyer instructed to judge the case: Shylock can take his pound of flesh, but there is no mention of blood in the bond. Otherwise, his lands and goods will be confiscated(充公) according to he law of Venice.3.Excerpt from Hamlet<Hamlet> hesitate between fact and fiction, language and action, too sophisticated(复杂的)to degrade his nature to the conventional role of a stage revengercontent: Hamlet, the prince, appearing in a mood of world-weariness(厌世)occasioned by his father‟s death and his mother‟s hasty remarriage with Claudius, his father‟s brother. Hamlet is informed that Claudius has murdered his father and then taken over both his father‟s throne and widow. Thus Hamle t is urged to seek revenge.Note: To be, or not to be - to live on in this world or to die; to suffer or to take action–Bacon‟s essays are famous for their brevity, compactness & powerfulness, well-arranging and enriching by Biblical allusions(典故), metaphors(隐喻)and cadence(韵律).<The Advancement of Learning>man‟s understanding consists of three parts: history to man‟s memory, poetry to man‟s imagination and creation, and philosophy to man‟s reason.<Novum Organum> written in Latin on methodology方法论Bacon suggests the inductive reasoning 归纳法( i.e. proceeding from the particular to the general)in place of Aristotelian method, the deductive reasoning 演绎法( i.e. proceeding from the general to the particular) READING: Of Studies<Of Studies> uses and benefits of study –studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Studies perfect nature, and are perfected by experience. Different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies - studies and experience are complementary (互补) to each other. The correct attitude to reading books - to weigh and consider. How studies exert influence over human character - reading maketh a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man.- break away from love poetry, the diction(用语) is simple, the imagery is from the actual, the form is frequently an argument with the poet‟s beloved, with God, or with himself.A)conceits B)syllogism (三段论)Poetry 早期:<The Songs and Sonnets> holds that the nature of love is the union of soul and body.晚期:<Holy Sonnets> <A Hymn to God the Father> religious poemProse: his sermons, which are both rich and imaginativeREADING: 1. The Sun Rising 2. Death, Be Not Proud ( a sonnet,14 lines)<The Sun Rising> the busy sun is always ready to interfere with other things and everywhere<Death, Be Not Proud> whatever you are, you can not escape from death. When you are living, you are always in the shadow of death. Death only lasts a moment, our life after death is eternal. The more pleasure the death gives people, not only the pleasure of the rest & the sleep, because 'whom the gods love die young'. Though death is usually considered powerful, it actually provides a rest for a man's body and a birth for his soul.Achievement: 1)the early poetic works 2) the middle prose(散文)Epic(史诗) - <Paradise Lost> <Paradise Regained>Dramatic poem(诗剧) - <Samson Agonistes>力士参孙the most perfect example of the verse drama after the Greek stylein English.READING: excerpt from Paradise Lost<Paradise Lostlove and spiritual duty. The freedom of the will is the k eystone of Milton‟s creed(纲领).Take from the Old Testament, the theme is the “Fall of Man”: Satan rebel against God and are driven from Heaven. He determined to revenge by seduce(引诱) Adam and Eve to eat the fruit from the Tree of Knowledge against God‟s instructions. So, Adam and Eve are exiled by God from the paradise.1660-1798 with the publication of Lyrical ballads by Wordsworth and Coleridge-the Age of Enlightenment/Reason– the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centries,a progressive intellectual movement, reason (rationality), equality & science (the 18th century)modern English novel–newly rising literary form现实主义小说诞生(the mid-century)Gothic novel(哥特式小说) - mystery, horror & castles (from middle part to the end of century)REAING: The Vanity Fair名利场an excerpt form The Pilgrim’s Progress (天路历程)<The Pilgrim's Progress寓言), its purpose is to urge people to abide by Christian doctrines and seek salvation(拯救) through constant struggles with their own weaknesses and all kinds of social evils. Its predominant metaphor –life as a journeyone of the first to introduce rationalism to England, for him the supreme value was order.READING: excerpt from A n Essay on Criticism(论批评)<An Essay on Criticism对句), criticize the present poem lack of true taste & call on people to turn to the old Greek and Roman writers for guidance, true wit which is best set in a plain (simple & clear) style.- the first writer study of the lower-class people, his language is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular(方言).READING: excerpt from Robinson crusoe<Robinson Crusoe> praise the human labor and the Puritan fortitude (清教徒坚韧).→ an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned(放逐) on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24-years there and finally gets relieved and returns to England.→ Robinson grew from a naïve and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man, tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life.In his opinion, human nature is seriously and permanently flawed (缺点)Achievement: 1)a master satirist. <A Modest Proposal> <Gulliver's Travels>READING: excerpt from Gulliver’s Travels(格列佛游记)<Gulliver's Travels> fictional work, four parts – Lilliput, Brobdingnag, Flying Island & Houyhnhnm(小人国) (大人国) (飞岛) (有人类理性的马)→ the book is one of the most effective and devastating criticisms and satires of all aspects in the then English and European life.散文体史诗), the first to give the modern novel its structure and style. He adopted “the third-person narration”.<The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews…> (约瑟夫·安德鲁)<The History of Jonathan Wild the Great> (伟大的乔纳森·怀尔德)<The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling> a masterpiece on the subject of human nature<The History of Amelia> the unfortunate life of an idealized woman, a maudlin(伤感的) picture of the social life at the time.READING: excerpt from Tom JonesBrings the author the name of the “Prose Homer”In a way, Tom and Sophia, stands for a wayfaring(旅行的) Everyman, who is expelled from the paradise and has to go through hard experience to gain a knowledge of himself and finally to approach perfectness.– the author of the first English dictionary by an Englishman, the last neoclassicist enlightener.<A Dictionary of the English Language> 英语大词典READING: To the Right Honorable the Earl of Chesterfield<To the Right Honorable the Earl of Chesterfield> the letter is written in a refined and very polite language, with a bitter undertone of defiance and anger. The seemingly peaceful retrospection, reasoning and questioning express, to the best satiric effect, the author‟s stron g indignation at the lord‟s fame-fishing.<The Rivals> and <The School for Scandal> are regarded as important links between the masterpieces of Shakespeare and those of Bernard Shaw.READING: excerpt from The School for ScandalA story about two brothers: Joseph Surface and Charles Surface. Charles in love with Maria, Sir Peter Teazle is loved by Lady Sneerwell. The lady instigates(教唆) Joseph to pursue Maria For her Money. Joseph secretly seduce(引诱) Lady Teazle, Sir Peter‟s young wife. The play ends with great disgrace for Joseph and Charles wins his loves and the inheritance of his rich uncle.It is a sharp satire on the moral degeneracy(堕落) of the aristocratic-bourgeois society in the 18th England.the leader of the sentimental(悲情的) poetry of the day ,especially “The Graveyard School”READING:Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard<Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard> reflects on death, the sorrows of life, and the mysteries of human life with a touch of his personal melancholy. He sympathized for the poor and the unknown, but mocks the great ones who despise the poor and bring havoc(破坏) on them.△ Romantic - emotion over reason, spontaneous (自发)emotion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit, poetry should be free from all rules, imagination, nature, commonplace△ The romantic emphasized the special qualities of each individual’s mind.△ The romantic period began with:in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge's <Lyrical Ballads>end in 1832with Sir Walter Scott‟s death△ two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen (realistic) and Walter Scott (romantic).- poet & engraver(雕刻家)<Songs of Innocence>: a happy and innocent world from children's eye<Songs of Experience> : a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy (忧郁的)tone frommen eyes.<Marriage of Heaven and Hell> marks his entry into maturity.<The book of Urizen>(先知书) prophetic(预言的) book in his later periodHe presents his view in visual images. Symbolism is also a distinctive feature of his poetry.READING: 1. The Chimney Sweeper (from Songs of Innocence)2. The Chimney Sweeper (from Songs of Experience)3. The Tyger(from Songs of Experience)- the leading figure of the English romantic poetry, simple, spontaneous(自发的), “worshipper of natur e”- He defines the poet as a 'man speaking to men', and poetry as 'the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, which originates in 'emotion recollected in tranquillity'.“Lake Poets”: William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge & Robert Southey<The Prelude>(序曲) his masterpiece<To a Skylark> <Tintern Abbey>READING: 1. I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud<I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud> the poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils (水仙) and poet's philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts.2. Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802<Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802> the sonnet describes a vivid picture of a beautiful morning in London, silent, bright, glittering(闪烁的), smokeless & mildly(柔和的). It is so touching a sight that the poet expressed his religion piety (虔诚)for nature.3. She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways4. The Solitary Reaper<The Solitary Reaper> thanks to poet's rich imagination, the mass of associations, this commonplace happening becomes a striking event, the poet succeeds in making the reader's share his emotion. The poem also shows the poet's passionate love of nature.William Wordsworth and Coleridge: <Lyrical Ballads>Poet can be divided into two groups - the demonic 恶魔的(supernatural) & the conversational- The demonic group includes 3 masterpieces: <The Rime of the Ancient Mariner>, <Chrisabel>, <Kubla Khan>老水手之行克丽斯塔贝尔忽必烈汗Feature: mysticism, demonism with strong imagination, a strange territory- Conversational poem: <Frost at Midnight> <The Nightingale>READING: Kubla Khan'Byronic hero': is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin, against tyrannical(暴君的)rules or moral principles. Such a hero appears first in <Childe Harold's Pilgrimage> 怀尔德·哈罗德游记<Don Juan> (唐璜)(the masterpiece of Byron, a long satirical poem, comic epic) by make use of Juan‟s adventures, to present a panoramic(全面)view of different types of society.READING: 1.Song for the Luddites<Song for the Luddites> 'will die fighting, or live free' Byron show his support of the Luddites who destroyed the machines in their protest against unemployment. The poet's great sympathy of the workers in their struggle against the capitalists is clearly shown.2. The Isles of Greece (from Don Juan)<The Isles of Greece> song by a Greek singer at the wedding of Don Juan and Haidee. 'Fill high the bowl with Samian wine'? By contrasting the freedom of ancient Greece and the present enslavement, the poet appealed to people to struggle for liberty.1) Lyrics(抒情诗)<The Cloud> <Ode to the West Wind> <To a Skylark>云雀颂the bird, suspended between reality and poetic image 2) poetic drama (诗剧)<Prometheus Unbound> 解放了的米罗普修斯READING: 1. A Song: Men of England<Men of England> It is not only a war cry calling upon all working people of England to rise up against their political oppressors, but also an address to point out to them the intolerable injustice of economic exploitation.2.Ode to the West Wind<Ode to the West Wind> terza rima, destructive-constructive potential, hopeful, 'I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!', 'If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?' The author express his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality.4 great odes : <Ode on Melancholy>, <Ode on a Grecian Urn>, <Ode to a Nightingale>, <Ode to Psyche>希腊古瓮颂夜莺颂READING: Ode on a Grecian Urn<Ode on a Grecian Urn> the contrast between the permanence of art and the transience (短暂)of human passion, 'Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard are sweeter', 'Beauty is truth, truth beauty'6 novels: <Sense and Sensibility> <Pride and Prejudice> <Northanger Abbey> <Mansfield Park> <Emma><Persuasion>诺桑觉寺蔓斯菲尔德公园→ Story of love and marriage provide the major themes in all her novels.→ 3 types of attitudes in pursuit of marriage:A)who would marry for material wealth and social positionB)who would marry just for beauty and passionC)who would marry for true love with a consideration of the partner‟s personal merit and his economical and socialstatus.→ concerning 3 or 4 landed gentry families with their daily routine life: relationships with members of their own family and with their friends, dancing parties, tea parties, picnics, and gossips.READING: excerpt from Pride and prejudice1.Elizabeth Bennet & Darcy : in the end false pride is humbled and prejudice dissolved.2.Collins & Charlotte Lucas: see the reality of marriage as a necessary step if a woman is to avoid the wretchedness(不幸)of aging spinsterhood(未婚妇女身份).3.Lydia & Wickham: shown the dangers of feckless(不负责任的)relationships unsupported by money.4.Mr. & Mrs. Bennet, Mr. Collins, Lady Catherine de Burgh: comic characters*Common sense and moral propriety(规矩), again became the predominant preoccupation. Critical realists were all concerned about the fate of the common people.*Darwin's <The Origin of Species> and <The Descent of Man> shook the traditional faith, everything is created by God*George Eliot, the pioneering woman, was the first n ovelist that “started putting all the actions inside”*Thomas Hardy, that Wessex man who not only expose and criticize all sorts of social iniquities, but finally came to question and attack the Victorian conventions and morals.*Robert Browning, created the verse novel, revel and study characters‟ inner world (psycho-analytical)- one of the greatest critical realist writers of the Victorian Age- Character-portrayal is the most distinguishing feature of his works1) child characters 2) horrible and grotesque(可笑的)characters 3) broadly humorous or comical characters- characterized by a mingling(混合) of humor and pathos (悲伤)pathos: little Nell <The Old Curiosity Shop> , little Paul <Dombey and Son><A Tale of Two Cities>READING: excerpt from Oliver Twist雾都孤儿<Oliver Twist> is a boy brought up in the workhouse. One day, as Oliver asked for more food, he was sent to work as an apprentice and then ran away … The novel is famous for its vivid descriptions of the workhouse and life of the underworld(下层社会)in 19th London.The Bronte Sisters - Charlotte, Emily & AnneEmily, a rather reserved and simple girl, was very much a child of nature.Charlotte, is a writer of realism combined with romanticism. Her works are famous for the depiction of the life of the middle-class working women, particularly governesses(家庭女教师).READING: 1. excerpt from Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte<Jane Eyre> 简·爱Jane Eyre, a plain little orphan, was sent to Lowood, a charity school. There she suffer a lot and 8 years later she left school and became a governess at Thornfield Hall. There she falls in love with the master, Mr. Rochester.- It is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society, e.g. charity institution such as Lowood School- successful introduction to the English novel the first governess heroine, whom represents those middle-class working women struggling for recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human being.2. excerpt from Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte<Wuthering Heights> 呼啸山庄 a story about 2 families and an intruding(闯入的) stranger.The Earnshaw family (Mr. Earnshaw, his wife, the son Hindley, the daughter Catherine) - HeathcliffThe Linton family ( Mr. Linton, his wife son Edgar, daughter Isabella- invents dramatic monologue(独脚戏), Poet Laureate 桂冠诗人, a real artistHe has the natural power of linking visual pictures with musical expressions, and with the feelings.<In Memoriam> 悼念<Ldylls of the King> 国王叙事诗represent a cyclic history of western civilizat ion, which, in Tennyson‟s mind, is going on a spiritual decline and will end in destruction.READING: 1. Break, Break, Break 2. Crossing the Bar 3.ULysses<Break, Break, Break> in memory of the death of his best friend, his sadness feeling are contrasted with the carefree, innocent joys of the children and the unfeeling movement of the ship and the sea waves<Crossing the Bar>过沙洲we can feel his fearlessness towards death, his faith in God and an afterlife. 'Crossing the bar' means leaving this world and entering the next world<Ulysses> 尤利西斯not endure the peaceful commonplace everyday life, old as he is, he persuades his old followers to go with him and to set sail again to pursue a new world and new knowledge, dramatic monologue, 'Myself not least, but honour'd of them all' means I am not the least important, buthonoured by all of them- the most original poet, who improve and mature the dramatic monologue(戏剧独白)<The Ring and the Book> 指环与书his masterpiece. Its symbolic meaning, the “ring ”–the goldsmith‟s(金匠的)technique of alloying gold(合金)in making rings. The “book” – the hard truthREADING:1. My Last Duchess 2. Meeting at Night 3. Parting at Morning<My Last Duchess> 我逝去的公爵夫人this dramatic monologue is the duke's speech addressed to the agent who comes to negotiate the marriage, the duke is a self-conceited, cruel and tyrannical(残暴的)man<Meeting at Night> 黑夜相会the man, a lover, describes the whereabouts of their meeting place.<Parting at Morning> 晨别here describe the sun-rise, the poet unconsciously expresses his helplessness in having to face up his duty as a man.(特有的)intelligence and life experience, she shows a particular concern for the destiny of women. She shows that the need of the individual for expansion and growth has to be brought into harmony with a sense of social responsibility.(人与社会的关系)Naturalistic and psychological novel心理分析READING: excerpt from Middlemarch<Middlemarch>米德尔马契a sharp contrast is set between the cold, lifeless, dull house and Dorothea who is full of youthful life and vigorDorothea Brooke (a beautiful, intelligent young lady) and Lydgate( a proud, ambitious young doctor), both fail in achieving their goals owing to the social environment as well as their own vulnerabilities.(易受伤)both a naturalistic and a critical realist writerLocal-colored, Wessex, 'novels of character and environment' :the fictional(虚构的)primitive and crude rural region which is really the home place he both loves and hates.<Tess of the D'Urbervilles> 德伯家的苔丝experience is as to intensity, and not as to duration(持续)Tess, as a pure woman brought up with the traditional idea of womanly virtues, is abused and destroyed by both Alec and Angel, agents of the destructive force of the society.The writer concentrated on the private than on the public, more on the subjective than on the objective. They are mainly concerned with the inner being of an individual.The three trilogies(三部曲)of Galsworthy‟s Forsyte novels are masterpieces of critical realism in the early 20th century.“the Angry Young Men” with lower-middle-class or working class background. Kingsley Amis, John Wain, John Braine and Alan Sillitoe were the major novelists in this group. Osborne, the first “Angry Young Man”James Joyce is the most outstanding stream-of-consciousness novelist; <Ulysses>Shaw, is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare.Yeats, the leader of the Irish National Theater Movement.-dramatist (leading playwright)早期<Widowers’ Houses> 鳏夫的房产<Candida> 康蒂坦<Mrs. Warren’s Profession>华伦夫人的职业<Caesar and Cleopatra>凯撒和克莉奥佩特拉中期<Man and Superman>人与超人晚期<Back to Methuselah>回到麦修色拉<The Apple Cart>苹果车Feature: 1.he makes the trick of showing up one character vividly at the expense of another.2. Shaw‟s characters are the representatives of ideas, points of view, that shift and alter, for he is interested in doctrines. 3.he inversion(倒装), a device found in Shaw form beginning to end.4.Action is reduced to a minimum, while the dialogue and the interplay of the minds maintain the interest of the audience. READING: excerpt from Mrs. Warren’s Professio n about the economic oppression of womenA conventional writer, having inherited the traditions of Victorian novelists of the critical realismPlay: <The Silver Box> 银盒Novels: <The Forsyte Saga>福赛特世家(trilogy三部曲:<The Man of Property>有产业的人<In Chancery>骑虎<To Let>出租) <A Modern Comedy>现代喜剧READING: excerpt from The Man of Property<The Man of Property> Soames Forsyte, wealth is the sole aim of life. Irene, his wife, loves art and cherishes. Aoames asks Bosinney, a young architect, to build a country house for them. Later, Irene and Bosinney fall in love with each other. The novel show the human relationships of the contemporary English society are merely an extension of property relationships.- poet<The Lake Isle of Innisfree>茵尼斯弗利岛<The Man Who Dreamed of Faeryland>梦见仙境的人<Sailing to Byzantium>驶向拜古廷explored the problems of death, love, old age and art.READING: 1. The Lake Isle of Innisfree 2. Down by the Salley Gardens<The Lake Isle of Innisfree> Tired of life o f his day, Yeats sought to escape into an ideal “fairyland” where he could love calmly as a hermit(隐士) and enjoy the beauty of nature. Here Innisfree is referring to a place for hermitage.。

英美文学选读要点总结精心整理3

英美文学选读要点总结精心整理3

【美国】Chapter 1 The Romantic Period浪漫主义时期1. From the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of he Civil War. It started with the publication of Washington Irving’s The Sketch Book and ended with Whitman’s Leaves of Grass. It is also called “the Americ an Renaissance”.浪漫主义时期开始于十八世纪末,到内战爆发为止,华盛顿.欧文出版的《见闻札记》标志着美国文学的开端,惠特曼的《草叶集》是浪漫主义时期文学的压卷之作。

(也可称为“美国德文艺复兴”)2. The desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of American literature.对逃离社会,回归自然的渴求成为美国文学的一个永恒的话题。

3. The American Puritanism as a cultural heritage exerted great influences over American moral values.美国清教作为一种文化遗产,对美国人的道德观念产生了很大的影响。

4. Besides, a preoccupation with the Calvinistic view of original sin and the mystery of evil marked the works of Hawthorne, Melville and a host of lesser writers. 在霍桑,麦尔维尔以及其他一些小作家的作品种加尔文主义的原罪思想和罪恶的神秘性都得到了充分的表现。

英美文学选读要点总结精心整理下载版7(共5篇)

英美文学选读要点总结精心整理下载版7(共5篇)

英美文学选读要点总结精心整理下载版7(共5篇)第一篇:英美文学选读要点总结精心整理下载版7【美国】Chapter 2 The Realistic Period现实主义时期1.This new attitude was characterized by a great interest in the realities of life.由于对现实生活产生了浓厚的兴趣,产生了新的创作灵感。

2.The three dominant figures of the period are William Dean Howells, Mark Twain, and Henry James.这一时期的三个代表作家是豪威尔斯,亨利.詹姆斯和马克.吐温。

3.In short, they set the example and charted the future course for the subjects, themes, techniques and styles of fiction we still call modern.总之,他们为后来的现实文学在题材,技巧和风格上都树立了典范。

4.Howells focused his discussion on the rising middle class and the way they lived, while Twain preferred to have his own region and people at the forefront of his stories.豪威尔斯讨论上升的中产阶级及其生活方式,而马克.吐温则喜欢把他自己家乡的人放在故事的最前沿。

5.In a word, naturalism is evolved from realism when the author’s tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympathetic but more ironic and more pessimistic.总之,自然主义产生现实主义,只是在创作上更富讽刺,更加悲观。

英美文学选读复习(时期作家作品)(DOC)

英美文学选读复习(时期作家作品)(DOC)
戴维.赫伯特.劳伦斯
Sons and Lovers
The Rainbow
Woman in Love
儿子与情人

恋爱中的女人
James Joyce
詹姆斯.乔伊斯
Dubliners
The Portrait of The Artist As a Young Man
Ulysses
都柏林人
青年艺术家的肖像
尤利西斯
Prelude
抒情歌谣集
丁登寺旁
序曲
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
塞缪尔.特勒.科勒律治
The Rime of The Ancient Mariner
Kubla Khan
Christalbel
Biographia Literaria
老水手之行
忽必烈汉
克丽斯塔贝尔
文学传记
George Gordon Byron
尤金.奥尼尔
Beyond the Horizon
The Emperor Jones
The Iceman Cometh
Long Day’s Journey into Night
The Hairy Ape
天边外
琼斯皇帝
送冰的人来了
长夜漫漫路迢迢
毛猿
F. Scott Fitzgerald
弗.斯科特.菲茨杰拉德
Mountain Interval
New Hampshire
After Apple-Picking
The Road Not Taken
Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
一个男孩的意愿
波斯顿以北
山间低地

自考英美文学选读第一章浪漫主义时期(美国)(课文翻译)

自考英美文学选读第一章浪漫主义时期(美国)(课文翻译)

自考英美文学选读第一章浪漫主义时期(美国)(课文翻译)英美文学选读翻译(英语专业自考)第二部分:美国文学第一章浪漫主义时期浪漫主义时期开始于十八世纪末,到内战爆发为止,是美国文学史上最重要的时期。

华盛顿·欧文出版的《见闻札记》标志着美国文学的开端,惠特曼的《草叶集》是浪漫主义时期文学的压卷之作。

浪漫主义时期的文学是美国文学的繁荣时期,所以也称为"美国的文艺复兴。

"美国社会的发展哺育了"一个伟大民族的文学"。

年轻的美国没有历史的沉重包袱,很快在政治、经济和文化方面成长为一个独立的国家。

这一时期也是美国历史上西部扩张时期,到1860年领土已开拓到太平洋西岸。

到十九世纪中叶,美国已由原来的十三个州扩大到二十一个州,人口从1790年的四百万增至1860年的三千万。

在经济上,年轻的美国经历向工业的转化,影响所及不仅仅是城市,而且也包括农村。

蒸汽动力在工、农业生产上的运用、工厂的建立、劳动力的大量需求以及科技上的发明创造使经济生活得到了重组。

另外,大量移民促进了工业更加蓬勃的发展。

政治上,民主与平等成为这个年轻国家的理想,产生了两党制。

值得一提的是这个国家的文学和文化生活。

随着独立的美国政府的成立,美国人民已感到需要有美国文学,表达美国人民所特有的经历:早期清教徒的殖民,与印第安人的遭遇,边疆开发者的生活以及西部荒原等。

这个年轻国家的文学富有想象,已产生了一种文学环境。

报刊杂志如雨后春笋,出现了一大批文学读者,形成了十九世纪上半叶蓬勃的浪漫主义的文学思潮。

外国的,尤其是英国的文学大师对美国作家产生了重大影响。

美国作家由于秉承了与英国一样的文化传统,形成了同英国一样的浪漫主义风格。

欧文(Irving)、库柏(Cooper),坡(Poe),弗伦诺(Freneau)和布雷恩特(Bryant)一一反古典主义时期的文学样式和文学思潮,开创了较新的小说和诗歌形式。

这一时期大多数美国文学作品中,普遍强调文学的想象力和情感因素,注重生动的描写、异国情调的表达、感官的体会和对超自然力的描述。

英美文学选读重点一览表

英美文学选读重点一览表
汤姆.索亚历险记
哈克贝利.费恩历险记
亚瑟王朝中的康涅狄格北方佬
Henry James
亨利.詹姆斯
The American
The Portrait of a Lady
The Turn of the Screw
The Wing of the Dove
Daisy Miller
美国人
贵妇画像
拧紧螺丝
鸽翼
黛西.米勒
William Blake
威廉.布莱克
Songs of Innocence
Songs of Experience
Marriage of Heaven and Hell
天真之歌
经验之歌
天堂与地狱联姻
先知书
William Wordsworth
威廉.华兹华斯
Lyrical Ballads
Tintern Abbey
I like to see it lap the Miles
Because I could not stop for Death
我为美而死,但还未….
显然没有惊奇
说出所有的真理,但切莫直言
这是我写给世界的信
当我死的时候,我听到苍蝇在嗡嗡叫
我爱看它舔食一哩又一哩
因为我不能停步等候死神
Theodore Dreiser
Emily Dickinson
艾米莉.狄金森
I Died for Beauty—but Was Scarce
Apparently with No Surprise
Tell All the Truth but Tell it Slant
This is my letter to the world

英美文学选读考前总复习中英文版

英美文学选读考前总复习中英文版

一.What is the theme of Beowulf?这首诗主题介绍了如何原始人工资在聪明和强大的领导之下的自然世界的敌对势力的英勇斗争的生动写照。

这首诗是自然界神话与英雄传说混合在一起的一个例子。

Thematically the poem presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggles against the hostile forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader.The poem is an example of the mingling of nature myths and heroic legends.二.莎士比亚?(1)四个悲剧。

(二)四大悲剧的共同之处?3请简要总结每个英雄人性的弱点。

1.莎士比亚的四个最大的悲剧是:?哈姆雷特、?奥赛罗、?李尔王、?麦克白。

2.每个描绘了一些高尚的英雄,谁面临着人类生活的不公,陷入了一个困难的局面和他们的命运与整个国家的命运息息相关。

3.每一位英雄有他的弱点的性质?;老国王李尔不愿意完全放弃他的权力?;麦克白的权欲挑起他的抱负和他会导致无休止的罪行1.Shakespeare’s four greatest tragedies are: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth.2.Each portrays some noble hero, who faces the injustice of human life and is caught in a difficult situation and whose fate is closely connected with the fate of the whole nation.3. Each hero has his weakness of nature; the old king Lear who is unwilling to totally give up his power; and Macbeth’s lust for power stirs up his ambition and leads him to incessant crimes三.试论莎士比亚的艺术的创作。

英国文学与美国文学的重点

英国文学与美国文学的重点

英美文学重点English & American LiteratureOld English: 450-1066<Beowulf> the national epic of the Anglo-SaonsMedieval English:1066 - middle 14th centuryGeoffrey Chaucer - the father of English poetry (wisdom, humor, humanity)<The Canterbury Tales> first time to use 'heroic couplet'–mid 17th started in ItalyA series of historical events:1.rediscovery of ancient Roman & Greek culture2.new discoveries in geography & astrology(占星学)3.the religious reformation & economic expansionThe Renaissance - rebirth or revivalHumanism - the essence of the Renaissance, the dignity of human being & the importance of the present lifeBest representatives: Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe, William ShakespeareThe Elizabethan drama: the real mainstream of English RenaissanceMost famous dramatists: Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, Ben Jonson5 quality: 1) a perfect melody 2)a rare sense of beauty 3)a splendid imagination4)a lofty(高尚的) moral purity and seriousness 5)a dedicated idealism<The Shepherdes Calender> lament(哀悼) over the loss of Rosalind<The Faerie Queene>主角:Arthur - who possess 12 virtuesGloriana – the Fairy QueenThe theme is not “Arms and the man,” but something more romantic –“Fierce warres and faithfull loves”READING: excerpt from The Faerie Queene 仙后Content: Redcrosse Knight set out on his adventures.–“University Wits”, the pioneer of English dramaHyperbole(夸张)Marlowe‟s achievement: 1) blank verse无韵诗歌It is Marlowe who brought vitality(活力) and grandeur(伟大) into the blank verse with his “mighty lines,” which carry strong emotions.2) his creation of the Renaissance hero for English drama.(not strong in dramatic construction.) →the pioneer of English drama3 tragedies: <Dr. Faustus> the human passion for knowledge, power and happiness<Tamburlaine> 帖木耳大帝 a play about an ambitious and pitiless overpowering king.<The Jew of Malta> 马尔他的犹太人non-drama <The Passionate Shepherd to His Love> pastoral(田园的) life ,the most beautiful lyrics(抒情诗)READING: 1. excerpt from Dr. Faustus 浮士德博士的悲剧A play based on the German legendContent: Faustus is a scholar who has a strong desire to acquire knowledge. By conjuration(念咒文召唤) he call up Mephistophilis, the Devil‟s servant. He make a bond(契约) to sell his soul to the Devil in return for 24 years of life in which Mephistophilis to give him everything he desires. Devil‟s name is Lucifer.Dominant moral is human rather than religious2. The Passionate(热情的) Shepherd to His Lovethis short poem is considered to be one of the most beautiful lyrics(抒情诗) in English literature. The shepherd(牧羊人) enjoy an ideal country life, cherishing(珍爱) a pastoral(田园的) and pure affection for his love. Strong emotion is conveyed through the beauty of nature.– playwright & poet (above all writers in the past and in the present time)1.<Henry Ⅵ>, <Richard Ⅲ> …2.<Richard Ⅱ>, <Henry Ⅳ>, <Henry Ⅴ>, <King John> …Comedies: <A M idsummer Night‟s Dream>, <The Merchant of Venice>, <Twelfth Night> …Tragedy: <Romeo and Juliet> romantic tragedy. To praise the faithfulness of love and thespirit of pursuing happiness.3.Four tragedies - <Hamlet>, <Othello>, <King Lear> & <Macbeth>4.tragicomedies:<The Tempest>Achievement:A. exploring the characters‟s inner mind.soliloquy(独白) or monologue - fully reveal the inner conflict of the characterscontrasts – bring vividness to the charactersB. adroit(精巧的)plot constructionC. Irony is a good means of dramatic presentation. Disguise is an important device to create dramatic irony.D. the language.READING:1. Sonnet 18 (14 line)<Sonnet 18> eternal or immortal(不朽的)beauty, have a faith in the permanence of poetry.A nice summer‟s day is usually transient(短暂的), but the beauty in poetry can last for ever.2.excerpt from The Merchant of Venice<The Merchant of Venice> to praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia a heroine of great beauty, wit and loyalty, to expose the insatiable(不知足的)greed and brutality of the Jew.Double plot:(1) Bassanio ask Antonio for a loan so that he might marriage with Portia(2) Antonio borrow money from Shylock, the Jewish usurer. Shylock make a strange bond that requires Antonio to surrender a pound of his flesh if he fail to repay him within a certain period of time. Portia disguised as a young lawyer instructed to judge the case: Shylock can take his pound of flesh, but there is no mention of blood in the bond. Otherwise, his lands and goods will be confiscated(充公) according to he law of Venice.3.Excerpt from Hamlet<Hamlet> hesitate between fact and fiction, language and action, too sophisticated(复杂的)to degrade his nature to the conventional role of a stage revengercontent: Hamlet, the prince, appearing in a mood of world-weariness(厌世)occasioned by his father‟s death and his mother‟s hasty remarriage with Claudius, his father‟s brother. Hamlet is informed that Claudius has murdered his father and then taken over both his father‟s throne and widow. Thus Hamlet is urged to seek revenge.Note: To be, or not to be - to live on in this world or to die; to suffer or to take action–philosopher, scientist, essayist, lay the foundation for modern scienceHis Essays is the first example of that genre in English literature.Bacon‟s essays are famous for their brevity, compactness & powerfulness, well-arranging and enriching by Biblical allusions(典故), metaphors(隐喻)and cadence(韵律).<The Advancement of Learning> man‟s understanding consists of three parts: history to man‟s memory, poetry to man‟s imagination and creation, and philosophy to man‟s reason.<Novum Organum> written in Latin on methodology方法论Bacon suggests the inductive reasoning 归纳法( i.e. proceeding from the particular to the general)in place of Aristotelian method, the deductive reasoning 演绎法( i.e. proceeding from the general to the particular)READING: Of Studies<Of Studies> uses and benefits of study –studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Studies perfect nature, and are perfected by experience. Different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies - studies and experience are complementary (互补) to each other. The correct attitude to reading books - to weigh and consider. How studies exert influence over human character - reading maketh a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man.〝Metaphysical poetry〞(玄学诗)- break away from love poetry, the diction(用语) is simple, the imagery is from the actual, the form is frequently an argument with the poet‟s beloved, with God, or with himself.A)conceits B)syllogism (三段论)Poetry 早期:<The Songs and Sonnets> holds that the nature of love is the union of soul and body.晚期:<Holy Sonnets> <A Hymn to God the Father> religious poemProse: his sermons, which are both rich and imaginativeREADING: 1. The Sun Rising 2. Death, Be Not Proud ( a sonnet,14 lines)<The Sun Rising> the busy sun is always ready to interfere with other things and everywhere<Death, Be Not Proud> whatever you are, you can not escape from death. When you are living, you are always in the shadow of death. Death only lasts a moment, our life after death is eternal. The more pleasure the death gives people, not only the pleasure of the rest & the sleep, because'whom the gods love die young'. Though death is usually considered powerful, it actually provides a rest for a man's body and a birth for his soul.Achievement: 1)the early poetic works 2) the middle prose(散文) 3)the last great poems Elegy(挽歌) -<lycidas>利西达斯(his early work)Epic(史诗) - <Paradise Lost> <Paradise Regained>Dramatic poem(诗剧) - <Samson Agonistes>力士参孙the most perfect example of the verse dramaafter the Greek style in English. READING: excerpt from Paradise Lost<Paradise Lost> the only generally acknowledged epic in English literature since Beowulf. The conflict is between human love and spiritual duty. The freedom of the will is the keystone of Milton‟s creed(纲领).Take from the Old Testament, the theme is the “Fall of Man”: Satan rebel against God and are driven from Heaven. He determined to revenge by seduce(引诱) Adam and Eve to eat the fruit from the Tree of Knowledge against God‟s instructions. So, Adam and Eve are exiled by God from the paradise.Coleridge- a revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion(抑制情感) & accuracythe Age of Enlightenment/Reason – the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centries,a progressive intellectual movement, reason (rationality), equality & science (the 18th century)modern English novel –newly rising literary form现实主义小说诞生(the mid-century)Gothic novel(哥特式小说) - mystery, horror & castles (from middle part to the end of century)REAING: The Vanity Fair名利场an excerpt form The Pilgrim‟s Progress (天路历程)<The Pilgrim's Progress>, a religious allegory(寓言), its purpose is to urge people to abide by Christian doctrines and seek salvation(拯救) through constant struggles with their own weaknesses and all kinds of social evils. Its predominant metaphor –life as a journeyone of the first to introduce rationalism to England, for him the supreme value was order. READING: excerpt from An Essay on Criticism(论批评)<An Essay on Criticism> a poem written in heroic couplets(对句), criticize the present poem lack of true taste & call on people to turn to the old Greek and Roman writers for guidance, true wit which is best set in a plain (simple & clear) style.colloquial and mostly vernacular(方言).READING: excerpt from Robinson crusoe<Robinson Crusoe> praise the human labor and the Puritan fortitude (清教徒坚韧).→ an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned(放逐) on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24-years there and finally gets relieved and returns to England.→ Robinson grew from a naïve and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man, tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life.In his opinion, human nature is seriously and permanently flawed (缺点)Achievement: 1)a master satirist. <A Modest Proposal> <Gulliver's Travels>2) one of the greatest of English prose, he defined a good style as “Proper words in proper places”READING: excerpt from Gulliver‟s Travels (格列佛游记)<Gulliver's Travels> fictional work, four parts – Lilliput, Brobdingnag, Flying Island & Houyhnhnm(小人国) (大人国) (飞岛) (有人类理性的马)→ the book is one of the most effective and devastating criticisms and satires of all aspects in the then English and European life.“Comic epic in prose” (散文体史诗), the first to give the modern novel its structure and style. He adopted “the third-person narration”.<The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews…> (约瑟夫·安德鲁)<The History of Jonathan Wild the Great> (伟大的乔纳森·怀尔德)<The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling> a masterpiece on the subject of human nature<The History of Amelia> the unfortunate life of an idealized woman, a maudlin(伤感的) picture of the social life at the time.READING: excerpt from Tom JonesBrings the author the name of the “Prose Homer”In a way, Tom and Sophia, stands for a wayfaring(旅行的) Everyman, who is expelled from the paradise and has to go through hard experience to gain a knowledge of himself and finally to approach perfectness.– the author of the first English dictionary by an Englishman, the last neoclassicist enlightener.<A Dictionary of the English Language> 英语大词典READING: To the Right Honorable the Earl of Chesterfield<To the Right Honorable the Earl of Chesterfield> the letter is written in a refined and very polite language, with a bitter undertone of defiance and anger. The seemingly peaceful retrospection, reasoning and questioning express, to the best satiric effect, the author‟s strong indignation at the lord‟s fame-fishing.<The Rivals> and <The School for Scandal> are regarded as important links between the masterpieces of Shakespeare and those of Bernard Shaw.READING: excerpt from The School for ScandalA story about two brothers: Joseph Surface and Charles Surface. Charles in love with Maria, Sir Peter Teazle is loved by Lady Sneerwell. The lady instigates(教唆) Joseph to pursue Maria For her Money. Joseph secretly seduce(引诱) Lady Teazle, Sir Peter‟s young wife. The play ends with great disgrace for Joseph and Charles wins his loves and the inheritance of his rich uncle.It is a sharp satire on the moral degeneracy(堕落) of the aristocratic-bourgeois society in the 18th England.the leader of the sentimental(悲情的) poetry of the day ,especially “The Graveyard School”READING: Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard<Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard> reflects on death, the sorrows of life, and the mysteries of human life with a touch of his personal melancholy. He sympathized for the poor and the unknown, but mocks the great ones who despise the poor and bring havoc(破坏) on them.△ Romantic - emotion over reason, spontaneous (自发)emotion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit, poetry should be free from all rules, imagination, nature, commonplace△ The romantic emphasized the special qualities of each individual‟s mind.△ The romantic period began with:in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge's<Lyrical Ballads>end in 1832 with Sir Walter Scott‟s death△ two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen (realistic) and Walter Scott (romantic).- poet & engraver(雕刻家)<Songs of Innocence> : a happy and innocent world from children's eye<Songs of Experience> : a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy (忧郁的)tone from men eyes. Childhood, paradoxes, a pairing of opposites<Marriage of Heaven and Hell> marks his entry into maturity.<The book of Urizen>(先知书) prophetic(预言的) book in his later periodHe presents his view in visual images. Symbolism is also a distinctive feature of his poetry. READING: 1. The Chimney Sweeper (from Songs of Innocence)2. The Chimney Sweeper (from Songs of Experience)3. The Tyger (from Songs of Experience)- the leading figure of the English romantic poetry, simple, spontaneous(自发的), “worshipper of natur e”- He defines the poet as a 'man speaking to men', and poetry as 'the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, which originates in 'emotion recollected in tranquillity'.“Lake Poets”: William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge & Robert Southey<The Prelude>(序曲) his masterpiece<To a Skylark> <Tintern Abbey>READING: 1. I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud<I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud> the poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils (水仙) and poet's philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts.2. Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802<Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802> the sonnet describes a vivid picture of a beautiful morning in London, silent, bright, glittering(闪烁的), smokeless & mildly(柔和的). It is so touching a sight that the poet expressed his religion piety (虔诚)for nature.3. She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways4. The Solitary Reaper<The Solitary Reaper> thanks to poet's rich imagination, the mass of associations, this commonplace happening becomes a striking event, the poet succeeds in making the reader's share his emotion. The poem also shows the poet's passionate love of nature.William Wordsworth and Coleridge: <Lyrical Ballads>Poet can be divided into two groups - the demonic 恶魔的(supernatural) & the conversational- The demonic group includes 3 masterpieces: <The Rime of the Ancient Mariner>, <Chrisabel>,<Kubla Khan>老水手之行克丽斯塔贝尔忽必烈汗Feature: mysticism, demonism with strong imagination, a strange territory- Conversational poem: <Frost at Midnight> <The Nightingale>READING: Kubla Khan'Byronic hero': is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin, against tyrannical(暴君的)rules or moral principles. Such a hero appears first in <Childe Harold's Pilgrimage> 怀尔德·哈罗德游记<Don Juan> (唐璜)(the masterpiece of Byron, a long satirical poem, comic epic) by make use of Juan‟s adventures, to present a panoramic(全面)view of different types of society.READING: 1. Song for the Luddites<Song for the Luddites> 'will die fighting, or live free' Byron show his support of the Luddites who destroyed the machines in their protest against unemployment. The poet's great sympathy of the workers in their struggle against the capitalists is clearly shown.2. The Isles of Greece (from Don Juan)<The Isles of Greece> song by a Greek singer at the wedding of Don Juan and Haidee. 'Fill high the bowl with Samian wine'? By contrasting the freedom of ancient Greece and the present enslavement, the poet appealed to people to struggle for liberty.1) Lyrics(抒情诗)<The Cloud> <Ode to the West Wind> <To a Skylark>云雀颂the bird, suspended between reality and poetic image2) poetic drama (诗剧)<Prometheus Unbound> 解放了的米罗普修斯READING: 1. A Song: Men of England<Men of England> It is not only a war cry calling upon all working people of England to rise up against their political oppressors, but also an address to point out to them the intolerable injustice of economic exploitation.2. Ode to the West Wind<Ode to the West Wind> terza rima, destructive-constructive potential, hopeful, 'I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!', 'If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?' The author express his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality.4 great odes : <Ode on Melancholy>, <Ode on a Grecian Urn>, <Ode to a Nightingale>, <Ode to Psyche>希腊古瓮颂夜莺颂READING: Ode on a Grecian Urn<Ode on a Grecian Urn> the contrast between the permanence of art and the transience (短暂)of human passion, 'Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard are sweeter', 'Beauty is truth, truth beauty'6 novels: <Sense and Sensibility> <Pride and Prejudice> <Northanger Abbey> <Mansfield Park><Emma> <Persuasion>诺桑觉寺蔓斯菲尔德公园→ Story of love and marriage provide the major themes in all her novels.→ 3 types of attitudes in pursuit of marriage:A)who would marry for material wealth and social positionB)who would marry just for beauty and passionC)who would marry for true love with a consideration of the partner‟s personal merit and hiseconomical and social status.→concerning 3 or 4 landed gentry families with their daily routine life: relationships with members of their own family and with their friends, dancing parties, tea parties, picnics, and gossips.READING: excerpt from Pride and prejudice1.Elizabeth Bennet & Darcy : in the end false pride is humbled and prejudice dissolved.2.Collins & Charlotte Lucas: see the reality of marriage as a necessary step if a woman is toavoid the wretchedness(不幸) of aging spinsterhood(未婚妇女身份).3.Lydia & Wickham: shown the dangers of feckless(不负责任的)relationships unsupported bymoney.4.Mr. & Mrs. Bennet, Mr. Collins, Lady Catherine de Burgh: comic characters*Common sense and moral propriety(规矩), again became the predominant preoccupation.Critical realists were all concerned about the fate of the common people.*Darwin's <The Origin of Species> and <The Descent of Man> shook the traditional faith, everything is created by God*George Eliot, the pioneering woman, was the first n ovelist that “started putting all the actions inside”*Thomas Hardy, that Wessex man who not only expose and criticize all sorts of social iniquities, but finally came to question and attack the Victorian conventions and morals.*Robert Browning, created the verse novel, revel and study characters‟ inner world (psycho-analytical)- one of the greatest critical realist writers of the Victorian Age- Character-portrayal is the most distinguishing feature of his works1) child characters 2) horrible and grotesque(可笑的)characters 3) broadly humorous or comical characters- characterized by a mingling(混合) of humor and pathos (悲伤)pathos: little Nell <The Old Curiosity Shop> , little Paul <Dombey and Son><A Tale of Two Cities>READING: excerpt from Oliver Twist雾都孤儿<Oliver Twist> is a boy brought up in the workhouse. One day, as Oliver asked for more food, he was sent to work as an apprentice and then ran away … The novel is famous for its vivid descriptions of the workhouse and life of the underworld(下层社会)in 19th London.The Bronte Sisters - Charlotte, Emily & AnneEmily, a rather reserved and simple girl, was very much a child of nature.Charlotte, is a writer of realism combined with romanticism. Her works are famous for the depiction of the life of the middle-class working women, particularly governesses(家庭女教师). READING: 1. excerpt from Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte<Jane Eyre> 简·爱Jane Eyre, a plain little orphan, was sent to Lowood, a charity school. There she suffer a lot and 8 years later she left school and became a governess at Thornfield Hall. There she falls in love with the master, Mr. Rochester.- It is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society, e.g. charity institution such as Lowood School- successful introduction to the English novel the first governess heroine, whom represents those middle-class working women struggling for recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human being.2. excerpt from Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte<Wuthering Heights> 呼啸山庄 a story about 2 families and an intruding(闯入的) stranger.The Earnshaw family (Mr. Earnshaw, his wife, the son Hindley, the daughter Catherine) - HeathcliffThe Linton family ( Mr. Linton, his wife son Edgar, daughter Isabella独脚戏), Poet Laureate 桂冠诗人, a real artistHe has the natural power of linking visual pictures with musical expressions, and with the feelings. <In Memoriam> 悼念<Ldylls of the King> 国王叙事诗represent a cyclic history of western civilization, which, in Tennyson‟s mind, is going on a spiritual decline and will end in destruction.READING: 1. Break, Break, Break 2. Crossing the Bar 3.ULysses<Break, Break, Break> in memory of the death of his best friend, his sadness feeling are contrasted with the carefree, innocent joys of the children and the unfeeling movement of the ship and the sea waves<Crossing the Bar>过沙洲we can feel his fearlessness towards death, his faith in God and an afterlife. 'Crossing the bar' means leaving this world and entering the next world<Ulysses> 尤利西斯not endure the peaceful commonplace everyday life, old as he is, he persuades his old followers to go with him and to set sail again to pursue a new world and new knowledge, dramatic monologue, 'Myself not least, but honour'd of them all' means I am not the least important, buthonoured by all of them(戏剧独白)<The Ring and the Book> 指环与书his masterpiece. Its symbolic meaning, the “ring ”– the goldsmith‟s(金匠的)technique of alloying gold(合金)in making rings. The “book” – the hard truth READING: 1. My Last Duchess 2. Meeting at Night 3. Parting at Morning<My Last Duchess> 我逝去的公爵夫人this dramatic monologue is the duke's speech addressed to the agent who comes to negotiate the marriage, the duke is a self-conceited, cruel and tyrannical (残暴的)man<Meeting at Night> 黑夜相会the man, a lover, describes the whereabouts of their meeting place. <Parting at Morning> 晨别here describe the sun-rise, the poet unconsciously expresses his helplessness in having to face up his duty as a man.(特有的)intelligence and life experience, she shows a particular concern for the destiny of women. She shows that the need of the individual forexpansion and growth has to be brought into harmony with a sense of social responsibility.(人与社会的关系)Naturalistic and psychological novel 心理分析READING: excerpt from Middlemarch<Middlemarch>米德尔马契a sharp contrast is set between the cold, lifeless, dull house and Dorothea who is full of youthful life and vigorDorothea Brooke (a beautiful, intelligent young lady) and Lydgate( a proud, ambitious young doctor), both fail in achieving their goals owing to the social environment as well as their own vulnerabilities.(易受伤)Local-colored, Wessex, 'novels of character and environment' :the fictional(虚构的)primitive and crude rural region which is really the home place he both loves and hates.<Tess of the D'Urbervilles> 德伯家的苔丝experience is as to intensity, and not as to duration(持续)Tess, as a pure woman brought up with the traditional idea of womanly virtues, is abused and destroyed by both Alec and Angel, agents of the destructive force of the society.The writer concentrated on the private than on the public, more on the subjective than on the objective. They are mainly concerned with the inner being of an individual.The three trilogies(三部曲)of Galsworthy‟s Forsyte novels are masterpieces of critical realism in the early 20th century.“the Angry Young Men” with lower-middle-class or working class background. Kingsley Amis, John Wain, John Braine and Alan Sillitoe were the major novelists in this group. Osborne, the first “Angry Young Man”James Joyce is the most outstanding stream-of-consciousness novelist; <Ulysses>Shaw, is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare.Yeats, the leader of the Irish National Theater Movement.-dramatist (leading playwright)早期<Widowers‟ Houses> 鳏夫的房产<Candida> 康蒂坦<Mrs. Warren‟s Profession>华伦夫人的职业<Caesar and Cleopatra>凯撒和克莉奥佩特拉中期<Man and Superman>人与超人晚期<Back to Methuselah>回到麦修色拉<The Apple Cart>苹果车Feature: 1.he makes the trick of showing up one character vividly at the expense of another.2. Shaw‟s characters are the representatives of ideas, points of view, that shift and alter, for he is interested in doctrines.3.he inversion(倒装), a device found in Shaw form beginning to end.4.Action is reduced to a minimum, while the dialogue and the interplay of the minds maintain theinterest of the audience.READING: excerpt from Mrs. Warren‟s Professio n about the economic oppression of womenA conventional writer, having inherited the traditions of Victorian novelists of the critical realism Play: <The Silver Box> 银盒Novels: <The Forsyte Saga>福赛特世家(trilogy三部曲:<The Man of Property>有产业的人<In Chancery>骑虎<To Let>出租) <A Modern Comedy>现代喜剧READING: excerpt from The Man of Property<The Man of Property> Soames Forsyte, wealth is the sole aim of life. Irene, his wife, loves art and cherishes. Aoames asks Bosinney, a young architect, to build a country house for them. Later, Irene and Bosinney fall in love with each other.The novel show the human relationships of the contemporary English society are merely an extension of property relationships.- poet<The Lake Isle of Innisfree>茵尼斯弗利岛<The Man Who Dreamed of Faeryland>梦见仙境的人<Sailing to Byzantium>驶向拜古廷explored the problems of death, love, old age and art. READING: 1. The Lake Isle of Innisfree 2. Down by the Salley Gardens<The Lake Isle of Innisfree> Tired of life of his day, Yeats sought to escape into an ideal “fairyland” where he could love calmly as a hermit(隐士) and enjoy the beauty of nature. Here Innisfree is referring to a place for hermitage.<Down by the Salley Gardens> reconstruct an old song from 3 lines imperfectly(不完整地) remembered by an old peasant womanone of the important verse dramatists。

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英美文学选读考点中英文对照大串联从美国文学开始首先是学习方法:教你投机取巧过英美文学(转贴)/thread-1128.html美文学这门科目庞大之极,堪称英语本科自考之最。

自己一个人看那么厚的一本书,不用说能不能看下来,能记住多少实在不好说!我在复习的时候,总结了一些规律,与大家分享,望对你有用,帮你顺利通过!1.题型分析:一般来讲,肯定是这种类型:a.单项选择题(40道,40分)b.引文简析(无非就是问问作者是谁,出自哪个作品,主题意象什么的,4道,16分)c.简答题(4道,24分)d.论述题(无非就是分析加读后感,20分)经验:你应该可以看出来了,重点当然是单选了,分数大,又好得分,实在不行还可以蒙。

建议尽可能把书看一遍,但不要看作者生平,那肯定不会考。

有个印象就可以了,不用去背,如果你汉语文学功底好,可以省去不少时间。

2.比例分析据本人统计,历年来英美文学的国考试卷中英国文学占52%,美国文学占48%。

(2003年4月例外,其中英国部分58%)其中,可以看出单选题:前22题肯定为英国部分,其余为美国部分。

大题部分:基本上是一人一半,各占50%经验:书上共652页,英国411页,美国241页。

英国作家共38位,美国15位。

其中,美国部分中,诗歌作品也比较少,比较好确认。

结论:死学美国,顺带英国。

3.内容分析历年命题的趋势逐渐由课文内容向选读作品转移,选读的比重越来越大。

经验:课文内容作到大体了解,但要特别重视作家艺术特色。

选读部分加大力度,多注意书上的注释及选文大意和某些细节,尽量作到能用英语复述。

实在不行,也至少作到能用汉语复述。

4.真题解析及预测自学考试的一大特点就是重复率高,所以历年试题是必备的复习材料,不可缺少。

有人说:“一套真题等于3套模拟题!”这话绝对没错。

所以要花大力气在上面。

记得我考那回就有一道10分大题和前一年的一模一样。

注:马克吐温的《哈克贝里费恩历险记》的分析在2000~2002年中,连续考了三次。

经验:注意历年真题,尤其是去年的。

去年的10分大题大致如下:a.《傲慢与偏见》中的三种婚姻b.《白鲸》选文作品复述几分析象征意义。

既然死学美国,顺带英国。

那我们就从美国文学开始总结,每日更新。

预计月底前完成美国文学部分。

American LiteratureChapter one The romantic period浪漫主义时期(一)浪漫主义时期概述1.识记:(1)时期界定:From the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War. It started with the publication of Washington Irving’s The Sketch Book and ended with Whitman’s Leaves of Grass. It is also called “the American Renaissance”.浪漫主义时期开始于十八世纪末,到内战爆发为止,华盛顿.欧文出版的《见闻札记》标志着美国文学的开端,惠特曼的《草叶集》是浪漫主义时期文学的压卷之作。

(也可称为“美国的文艺复兴”)(2)历史文化背景Its social historical and cultural background:The development of the American society nurtured "the literature of a great nation." America was flourishing into a politically,economically and culturally independent country. Historically,it was the time of westward expansion in America economically,the whole nation was experiencing an industrial transformation. Politically,democracy and equa1ity became the ideal of the new nation,and the two-party system came into being. Worthy of mention is the literary and cultural life of the country. With the founding of the American Independent Government,the nation felt an urge to have its own literary expression,to make known its new experience that other nations did not have:the early Puritan settlement,the confrontation with the Indians,the frontiersmen's life,and the wild west. Besides,the nations literary milieu was ready for the Romantic movement as we11. Thus,with a strong sense of optimism,a spectacular outburst of romantic feeling was brought about in the first ha1f of the 19th century.美国社会的发展哺育了“一个巨大的文学国家”。

美国在政治上,经济上和文化上方面成长为一个独立的国家。

这一时期也是美国历史上西部扩张时期,整个国家经历着工业的变革。

政治上,民主与平等成为这个年轻国家的理想,产生了两党制。

值得一提的是这个国家的文学和文化生活。

随着独立的美国政府的成立,美国人民已感到需要有美国文学,表达美国人民所特有的经历:早期清教徒的殖民,与印第安人的遭遇,边疆开发者的生活以及西部荒原等。

此外,这个年轻国家的文学富有想象,也已为浪漫主义运动作好了准备。

形成了十九世纪上半叶蓬勃的浪漫主义的文学思潮。

2.领会:浪漫主义时期美国文学的特点。

In most of the American writings in the period there was a new emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature, which included a liking for the picturesque, the exotic, the sensuous, the sensational, and the supernatural. The Americans also placed an increasing emphasis on the free expression of emotions and displayed an increasing attention to the psychic states of their characters. Heroes and heroines exhibited extremes of sensitivity and excitement. The strong tendency to exalt the individual and the common man was almost a national religion in American. Writers like Freneau, Bryant, and Cooper showed a great interest in external nature in their respective works. The literary use of the more colorful aspects of the past was also to be found in Freneau's use of the "ruins of empire" theme, in Bryant's fascination by the Mound Builders, in Irving's effort to exploit the legends of the Hudson River region, AmericanRomanticism is, in a certain way, derivative.Although foreign influences were strong, the great works that demonstrate what American Romantic writings were are typically American. The revealed unique characteristics of their own in their works and they grew on the native lands. 这一时期大多数美国文学作品中,普遍强调文学的想象力和情感因素,注重生动的描写、异国情调的表达、感官的体会和对超自然力的描述。

美国作家特别注意感情的自由表达和人物的心理描写。

作品中的主人公富有敏感激动的特质。

注重表现个人和普通人是这一时期作品的强烈倾向,几乎成了美国的信仰。

富雷诺、布雷思特和库柏等人的作品对客观自然的描写有强烈的兴趣。

富雷诺在"帝国的废墟"主题中对过去情景的描写绘声绘色,布雷恩特对北美五大湖区的史前印第安人描述引人入胜,欧文对哈德逊河传说的巧加利用炉火纯青,库柏的长篇历史小说深入细致。

总的来说,美国浪漫主义时期的文学上接英国文学传统,下开美国文学之风。

虽然美国文学受到外国文学的影响,但这一时期著名的文学作品表现的却是富有美国色彩的浪漫主义思想。

(二)该时期的主要作家Washington Irving华盛顿.欧文He is regarded as Father of the American short stories.他是美国浪漫主义文学代表作家之一,美国短篇小说之父。

With the publication of The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Irving won a measure of international fame on both sides of the Atlantic.欧文出版了《见闻札记》,该书为欧文获得了欧美两大洲的国际荣誉。

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