高中英语语法虚拟语气知识点

虚拟语气

英语动词有三种语气

We met in this room . 陈述语气

Do come to the meeting next Friday . 祈使语气

If I were you , I would study hard . 虚拟语气

虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式(verb structure), 用来表示说话人所说的话不是

一个事实(fact)，而只是一种假设(hypotheses )愿望(wishes)、建议(suggestion) 或怀疑(doubt)等等。

1.If 引导的条件状语从句（1）

If 从句主句

与现在相反did（be用were) Would /should /could / might +do

与过去相反had +done

Would/should/

could/might+have + done

与将来相反did（be用were)

were to+ do

should +do

Would/should/

could/might)＋do

If I won the lottery now, I would buy an expensive car. 现在事实相反

If he had hurried ,he could have caught the train.

过去事实相反

If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America.

将来事实相反

2.名词性从句的虚拟语气

(1).Wish 引导的宾语从句

与现在事实相反：过去时（were）

与过去事实相反：had+过去分词

与将来事实相反：would/could/might+V

e.g.: I wish I were a bird.

I wish he hadn‘t done that. (do)

I wish I would be rich in the future.

（2)表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气

宾语从句中常见动词: 一个坚持, 两个命令, 三个建议, 四个要求。即

1). insist

2). order, command

3). advise, suggest, propose

4). demand, require, request, desire

We suggested that Tom have a rest.

He insisted that I (should) be present（出席的）.

The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day.

They requested that we (should) send them to work there.

I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.

He insisted that he (should) be sent there.

注意：如果suggest, insist不表示“建议”　或“坚持要某人做某事”时，即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。

His pale face suggested that he was ill

The boy insisted that he was right.

1. The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey (obey) the rules.

2. He insisted that she was (be)seriously ill and that be sent(send) to hospitals at once.

状语从句

1)as if／as though引导的状语从句

as if／as though（仿佛、好像）引起方式状语从句，

a．一般过去时（表示与现在事实相反）

b．过去完成时（表示与过去事实相反）

c．would ＋do（表示与将来事实相反）

He looks as if he were his father. 他看起来像他的父亲。

The two strangers talked as if they had been friends for many years.

He seemed as though he had known everything.

It looks as if it would be the last day for him.

虚拟语气特殊句型：

现在：did（were）

if only 过去：had done 要是...就好了；要是...多好

未来：would do

If only I knew his name!

If only we had followed your advice!

If only I could see him again!

现在did

would rather that 过去had done

宁愿未来did

I would rather you paid me now.

I would rather you had gone, too.

Don’t come. I would rather you came tomorrow.

Practise

1. If he had not lost his money, he D the piano last week.

A. would buy

B. had bought

C. bought

D. could have bought

2. If we were to be 200 years old, we C everything.

A. will change

B. can change

C. could change

D. changed

3. You are late. If you B a little minutes earlier, you __ him.

A. came, would meet

B. had come, would have met

C. came, would have met

D. were to come, would meet