(完整版)高考英语语法专题复习分类汇编-定语从句与状语从句,推荐文档

高考英语语法专题复习分类汇编定语从句与状语从句

一.定语从句

Julia was good at German, French and Russian, all of she spoke fluently. (2011·湖南卷25)

A. who

B. whom

C. which

D. that

【解析】选C。前面谈到了3 种语言即German，French 和Russian，它们为先行词。all of which ＝of which all＝and all of them，作非限定性定语从句。

考点 1.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的比较：

限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句

形式其前无逗号其前有逗号

翻译译在先行词前(即：从句译作先行

词的定语)

译成与主句并列的一个分句(即：译作两句)

功能修饰名词或代词可修饰名词或代词，也可修饰整个主句

关系词可用that 引导；作宾语的关系代

词常可省

不可用that 引导；关系词一律不省

意义起限制作用(若被省去，原句意义

不完整)

起补充说明作用(若被省去，原句意义不受影

响)

考点2.介词+关系代词连用时，介词的选用

She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction had taken more than three years. (2011·江西卷34)

A. for which

B. with which

C. of which

D. to which

【解析】选C。博物馆的建设花了3 年多时间。我们可以说whose construction，也可以说the construction of which＝of which the construction，介词of 表所属关系。

介词提前时，定语从句的形式为：介词+which/whom, 不能用that 或who。介词的选用一般根据后边动词与介词的搭配关系选择。

考点3.as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句的比较

例1：Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, is a stupid thing to do in such weather. (2011·全国大纲卷7)

A. this

B. that

C. what

D. which

【解析】选D。which 引导非限定性定语从句。代指前句整个内容。

例2：is know to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

A. It

B. As

C. That

D. What

【解析】选B。A、D 不能引导定语从句，C 不能引导非限定性定语从句。As is known to everybody＝As everybody knows “正如大家所知道的”。该句也可换成It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month. ＝What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.

as 和which 的相同点：

(1) 先行词都可指代整个主句；

(2) 都可在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。

as 和which 的不同点：

(1) as 引导的从句可位于句首，而which 则不行；

(2) as 有“正如……”之意，而which 表示“这一点”。

考点4.关系代词与关系副词的选用

I will never forget the day I came to my university and the day I spent in a new city.

A. when; which

B. which; when

C. what; that

D. on which; when

【解析】选A。第一个时间名词the day 在从句中作状语，因此要用关系副词when；第二个时间名词the day 在从句中作动词spent 的宾语，因此要用关系代词which 或that 来引导定语从句或省略关系代词。

如果先行词是时间、地点或理由，而引导词在从句中作时间、地点、原因等状语时，引导词用when, where, why；有时尽管先行词是时间、地点或理由，但是引导词在从句中不作状语，而是作主语、宾语或表语，引导词则用that 或which。

Men are more suited to occupational environments require decisive action while women are better at jobs a considered approach is most important. (江苏南京金陵中学高三第4 次模拟卷)

A. which; that

B. /; when

C. which; when

D. that; w here

【解析】选D。第一空用关系代词that 或which 作主语，不可以省略。第二空用关系副词where，因为句子意思完整，不缺主语或宾语。根据先行词job 和定语从句意思，确定用关系副词where＝at which 表地点，作地点状语。

定语从句中如果先行词是地点，而引导词在从句中可作地点状语，引导词用where；如果先行词是时间，而引导词在从句中可作时间状语，引导词用when。

考点5.定语从句与同位语从句与强调句型的区别

Was it in the street our school is located in the car accident happened?

A. where; that

B. where; which

C. that; which

D. which; that

【解析】选D。本题考查定语从句和强调句型。第一空考查定语从句，that 或which 作第二个in 的宾语；第二空考查强调句型。

1. 区别定语从句与同位语从句最简单的方法是：在先行词与从句之间加be 动词，若句子成立，则是同位语从句；若句子不成立，则可能为定语从句。

The news that he has passed the exam pleased him and his family.

由于“The news is that he has passed the exam.”句子成立，因此“that he has passed the exam”是The news 的同位语。

The news that he told me this morning is not interesting.

由于“The news is that he told me this morning”不成立，于是“that he told me this morning”不是The news 的同位语，而是限定The news 的定语从句。

2. 区别定语从句与强调句最简单的方法是：若将It is / was 和that / who 去掉而句中不缺成分，结构完整，说明原句是强调句型；若结构不完整，则说明原句可能为定语从句。

状语从句分为时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、结果、目的、方式及比较状语从句。