2010年中山大学语言学概论C考研真题答案解析

中山大学语言学概论C 2010年考研真题答案解析Ⅰ.音标题Transcribe the following words into IPA symbols, with stress marking where necessary. (10 points)1. advantageous [ædvən'teɪdʒəs]2. cushions ['kʊʃən]3. paradigm ['pærədaɪm]4. propagate ['prɒpəgeɪt]5. synonymy [sɪ'nɒnɪmɪ]6. kernel ['kɜːn(ə)l]7. cohesion [kə(ʊ)'hiːʒ(ə)n]8. tagmemics [tæg'miːmɪks]9. immobile [ɪ'məʊbaɪl]10. prefix ['priːfɪks]II. 填空题 Fill in the following blanks. (15 points)1. By duality is meant the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels ha sits own principles of organization.2. The IPA chart has been revised and corrected several times and is widely used in dictionaries and textbooks through the world. The lattested version was revised in 1993 and updated in twice in 1996 and 2005.3. Folk etymology refers to the change of the form of a word or phrase, resulting from an incorrect popular notion of4. The development of modern linguistic science has helped push the study of syntax beyond the traditional sentence boundary. More linguists are now exploring the syntactic relation between sentences in the paragraph or chapter or the whole text, which leads to the emergence of text linguistics and discourse analysis.5. Predicate logic, also called propositional calculus, studies the internal structure of simple propositions. In this logical system, propositions like Socrates is a man will be analyzed into two parts: _argument_ and a predicate.6. Cognitive linguistics seeks to ascertain the global integrated system of conceptual structuring inlanguage.7. when Hyme’s theory of communicative competence was introduced into the fieldas an antagonism to the traditional philosophy in language teaching, language teachers began to pay more attention to the question of how their students as active and successful language users in real language context.8. Levinson presents his three heuristics, which are derived from Conversational Implicature.9. The form thou in Early Modern English, the second person singular pronoun equivalent to the French form tu, was used to signal intimacy/respect.10. Computational linguistics, dealing with computer processing of human language, includes programmed instruction, speech synthesis and recognition, automatic translation, and text processing and communication between people and compuetrs.11. Nunan （1983：3）suggests that a curriculum is concerned with making general statements about language learning, learning purpose, and experience, and the relationship between teachers and learners, whereas a syllabus is more localized and is based on the accounts and records of what actually happens at the classroom level as teachers and students apply a curriculum to their situation.12. Saussure’s ideas we re developed along three lines: linguistics, sociology, and psychology.13. The Prague School practiced a special style of synchronic linguistics, and its most important contribution to linguistics is that it sees language in terms of function.14. In SFG, Mental process express such mental phenomena as “perception”, reaction and cognition.15. Bloomfield’s language(1993) was once held as the model of scientific methodology and greatest work in linguistics on both sides of the Atlantic in the 20th century.III. 名词解释Define the following terms. (50 points)1. Macrolinguistics【考察知识点+解题思路】本题考查的知识点是宏观语言学的定义。

心理学，社会学，人种学，法学和人工智能等等语言学有关联.宏观语言学的分支包括心理语言学，社会语言学，人类语言学，计算语言学等等。

本题要求考生熟练掌握宏观语言学的定义，并简要介绍宏观语言学的分支。

【答案解析】（1）基本定义：Macrolinguistics refers to the interacting study between language and language-related disciplines such as psychology, sociology, ethnography, the science of law and artificial intelligence, etc.（2）宏观语言学的分支：Branches of macrolinguistics include psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, anthropological linguistics, computational linguistics etc. PSYCHOLINGUISTICS investigates the interrelation of language and mind , in processing and producing utterances and in language acquisition for example . SOCIOLINGUISTICS is an umbrella term which covers a variety of different interests in language and society , including the social functions of language and the social characteristics of its users . Anthropological Linguistics uses the theories and methods of anthropology to study language variation and language use in relation to the cultural patterns and beliefs of man. COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS is an interdisciplinary field which centers around the use of computers to process or produce human language.2. Cardinal vowels【考察知识点+解题思路】本题考查的知识点是Cardinal vowels基本元音的定义。