汽车构造(英文版)

CHAPTER 1 AUTOMOTIVE BASICS

第一章汽车原理

1.1 Principal Components

1.1 汽车主要组成部分

Today's average car contains more than 15,000 separate, individual parts that must work together. These parts can grouped into four major categories: engine, body, chassis and electrical equipment.

现代汽车有超过15000个零件组成，分成几个必须在一起工作的功能部分。主要包括4个功能部分：引擎，车身，底盘和电控。

1.2 Engine

1.2引擎

The engine acts as the power unit. The internal combustion engine is most common: this obtains its power by burning a liquid fuel inside the engine cylinder. There are two types of engine :gasoline(also called a spark-ignition engine) and diesel(also called a compression-ignition engine).Both engines are called heat engines; the burning fuel generates heat which causes the gas inside the cylinder to increase its pressure and supply power to rotate a shaft connected to the transmission.

引擎为汽车提供能源。一般是内燃机：通过在引擎缸内燃烧液体燃料获得能量。引擎有两种：汽油机和柴油机。两种引擎都叫热机。燃烧的燃料产生大量大热，热量使缸内的气体产生大的压力，通过连杆使曲轴旋转。

1.3 Body

1.3 车身

An automobile body is a sheet metal shell with windows, doors, a hood, and a trunk deck built into it. It provides a protective covering for the engine, passengers, and cargo. The body is designed to keep passengers safe and comfortable. The body styling provides an attractive, colorful, modern appearance for the vehicle.

车身有窗户，门，盖，内饰等组成，它为发动机，乘客及货物提供空间和保护。车身的设计要让乘客安全并乘坐舒适。对于乘用汽车，车身要动感，色彩绚丽，现代化。

1.4 Chassis

1.4 底盘

The chassis is an assembly of those systems that are the major operating part of a vehicle. The chassis includes the transmission, suspension, steering, and brake systems.

底盘是一个组合体，主要由汽车的操纵部分，传动系统，悬架，转向部分，制动系统组成。Transmission systems ― conveys the drive to the wheels. The main components are clutch, gearbox, driveshaft, final drive, and differential.

传动系统用来驱动车轮。主要有离合器，变速箱，驱动轴，最后驱动和差速器组成。

Suspension― absorbs the road shocks.

悬架主要用来吸收路面冲击。

Steering― controls the direction of the movement.

转向系统控制汽车的行驶方向。

Brake― slows down the vehicle.

制动系统使汽车停下来。

1.5 Electrical Equipment

The electrical system supplies electricity for the ignition, horn, lights, heater, and starter. The electricity level is maintained by a charging circuit. This circuit consists of the battery, alternator (or generator). The battery stores electricity. The alternator changes the engine's mechanical energy into electrical energy and recharges the battery.

电动系统主要为点火系统，喇叭，灯，加热器，及启动系统提供电能。电压通过一个电路保持恒定。这个电路有电池，发电机组成。电池储存电能，发电机把引擎的机械能转化为电能，给电池充电。

New Words

Principal component 主要部件

category 种类，类型

body 车身

chassis 底盘

layout 布置

power unit 动力装置

internal combustion engine 内燃机

cylinder 汽缸

gasoline 汽油

spark 火花

ignition 点燃，点火

diesel 柴油机

compression 压缩

shaft 轴

transmission 传动系

sheet metal 金属板

shell 外壳

hood （发动机）罩

trunk deck 行李舱盖

cargo 货物

styling 样式

assembly 总成，装配

suspension 悬挂，悬置

shock 冲击

steering 转向，操纵

brake 刹车，制动器

clutch 离合器

gearbox 变速器

driveshaft 传动轴

final drive 主减速器，后桥

differential 差速器

slow down （使）慢下来，减速

horn 喇叭

starter 起动机

charge 充电

alternator 交流发电机

Review Questions

1.List the main parts of an automobile?汽车的主要部分有哪些？

2.What are the common types of a vehicle according to body styling?根据车身，汽车的一般类

型有哪些？